Blood Vessels- Lecture

Dr. Christopher James Macario

Faculty

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EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
At the end of the discussion the students will be able to:
1. Know the general features of the blood vessels.
2. Know the blood vessels of the pulmonary circulation, arteries and
vein circulation.
3. Know the physiology of the blood vessel circulation.
4. Know the regulation of arterial pressure.

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 The Circulatory System
• The Circulatory system and the
heart maintain sufficient blood
flow to the tissues. The
Circulatory system carries blood,
exchanges nutrients, waste
products, and gases, and
transports hormones, regulate
blood pressure, and directs
blood flow.
• The HEART powers the
Circulatory system

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 General Features of the Blood Vessels

ARTERIES-CARRY BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART. VEINS-CARRY BLOOD TOWARDS THE HEART
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 blood from the heart gets around
the body through blood vessels

There are 3 types of blood vessels

a. ARTERY

b. VEIN

c. CAPILLARY

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 The ARTERY
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

the elastic fibres allow

the artery to stretch
under pressure

thick muscle and

the thick muscle can
elastic fibres
contract to push the
blood along.

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 The VEIN
Veins carry blood towards from the heart.

veins have valves

which act to stop the
blood from going in
the wrong direction.

thin muscle and

elastic fibres body muscles surround the veins
so that when they contract to
move the body, they also squeeze
the veins and push the blood along
the vessel.
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 The CAPILLARY
Capillaries link Arteries with Veins

they exchange materials

between the blood and
other body cells.

the wall of a capillary

is only one cell thick The exchange of materials
between the blood and the
body can only occur through
capillaries.

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 The CAPILLARY
A collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed.

artery vein

capillaries
body cell

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 General Features of the Blood Vessels
1.The heart pumps blood through elastic
arteries, muscular arteries, and
arterioles to the capillaries.

2.Blood returns to the heart from the

capillaries, through venules, small veins,
medium-sized veins, and large veins.

3. Except for the capillaries and blood

venules, BLOOD VESSELS HAVE 3 LAYERS

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Layers of the Blood Vessels
Except capilliares and venules, blood
vessel walls consist of layers (tunics):
Tunica adventitia -Outer layer.
Composed of dense connective
tissues.
Tunica media -middle layer. Consist of
smooth muscle cells arranged
circularly around the blood vessel.
Tunica intima –innermost layer.

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VALVES
• -folds in the tunica intima form the valves of veins, which allow blood to flow toward the
heart but not in the opposite directionProperty of Mr. CJ Macario 12
Blood Vessel Structures

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Pulmonary Circulation vs Systemic Circulation

PULMONARY CIRCULATION SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

• Is the system of blood vessels
that carries blood from the right
ventricle of the heart to the
lungs and back to the left atrium
of the heart.
• Is the system of blood vessels that
carries blood from the left
ventricle of the heart, to the
tissues of the body, Back to the
right atrium.

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Pulmonary Circulation vs Systemic Circulation

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BLOOD CIRCULATION
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Blood Vessels of the Pulmonary
Circulation/Systemic Circulation,
Arteries and Vein Circulation.

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Major Arteries

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 ARTERIES

ARTERIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK ARTERIES OF THE UPPER LIMB

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Veins of the Head and Neck Veins of the Upper Limb

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Major Veins of the Body

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Physiology of Circulation
• Blood Pressure
• Pressure Resistance
• Pulse Pressure

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 Blood Pressure
• is a measure of the force blood exerts against the blood vessel walls.
When ventricles contract, blood is forced into the arteries, and pressure
reaches a maximum pressure called- SYSTOLIC PRESSURE.
• When the ventricles relax, blood pressure in the arteries falls to a
minimum value called- DIASTOLIC PRESSURE.
Materials: sphygmomanometer and stethoscope.

The sounds you hear in the stethoscope are called- Korotkoff Sounds.

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Pressure Resistance

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 Pulse Pressure
• The difference between the
systolic pressure and diastolic
pressure is called the – PULSE
PRESSURE.
• Ejection of blood from the left
ventricle into the aorta produces
a pressure wave or- PULSE.

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