"The volume of an ideal gas is directly
proportional to its absolute
temperature at constant pressure and
number of moles" is a statement of
________________ Law.
Charles'
The true volume of a real gas is larger
than that calculated from the ideal gas
equation. This occurs because the
ideal gas equation does consider
which of the following?
the volume of the molecules
This ion will generate gas bubbles
upon the addition of hydrochloric acid.
(CO3)2-
"The total pressure in a mixture of
unreacting gases is equal to the sum
of the partial pressures of the
individual gases" is a statement of
__________________ Law.
Dalton's
"Aluminum metal reacts with HCl to
produce aluminum chloride and
hydrogen gas. How many grams of
aluminum metal must be added to an
excess of HCl to produce 33.6L of
hydrogen gas, if the gas is at STP?"
27g
What is a distinguishing characteristic
of the halogens?
They readily accept an electron
from another atom to form
compounds.
Lead(II) sulfide was once used in
glazing earthenware. It will also react
with hydrogen peroxide to form
lead(II) sulfate and water. How many
grams of hydrogen peroxide are
needed to react completely with 265 g
of lead(II) sulfide?
151
"The mineral hausmannite is a
compound of manganese-55 and
oxygen-16. If 72% of the mass of
hausmannite is due to manganese,
what is the empirical formula of
hausmannite?"
d. Mn3O4
Silicon, which makes up about 25% of
Earth's crust by mass, is used widely
in the modern electronics industry. It
has three naturally occurring isotopes,
28Si, 29Si, and 30Si. Calculate the
atomic mass of silicon.
Isotope Isotopic Mass (amu)
Abundance %
28Si 27.976927
92.23
29Si 28.976495
4.67
30Si 29.973770
3.10
28.0855 amu
Peroxyacylnitrate (PAN) is one of the
components of smog. It is a compound
of C, H, N, and O. Determine the
empirical formula from the following
percent composition by mass: 19.8
percent C, 2.50 percent H, 11.6
percent N, 66.1 percent O. What is its
molecular formula given that its molar
mass is about 120 g?
C2H3NO5
An anion is defined as
a charged atom or group of atoms
with a net negative charge
What is the percentage (by mass) of
hydrogen in glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)?
b. 0.067
Structural isomers have the same
molecular formula but different
structural formulas
True
"The pressure of an ideal gas is
directly proportional to its absolute
temperature at constant volume and
number of moles" is a statement of
________________ Law.
Amonton's
A magnesium ion, Mg2+, has
12 protons and 10 electrons
At STP the volume of 1.5 mole N2 as
compared to 1.0 mole O2 is
b. different by about 11.2 L
"Hydrogen and chlorine gas combine
in a 35 m3 reaction vessel to produce
hydrogen chloride. The masses of
hydrogen and chlorine are 4.5 kg and
160 kg, respectively. How much
hydrogen chloride gas is produced?"
d. 160 kg
"A 1.15 mol sample of carbon
monoxide gas has a temperature of
27deg C and a pressure of 0.300 atm.
If the temperature were lowered to 17
deg C, at a constant volume, what
would be the new pressure?"
0.290 atm
Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid,
CH3COOH, dissolved in water. A 5.54-
g sample of vinegar was neutralized
by 30.10 mL of 0.100 M NaOH. What is
the percent by weight of acetic acid in
the vinegar?
3.26%
Some commercial drain cleaners
contain a mixture of sodium hydroxide
and aluminum powder. When the
mixture is poured down a clogged
drain, the following reaction occurs:
2NaOH(aq) + 2Al(s) + 6H2O(l) ®
2NaAl(OH)4(aq) + 3H2(g)
The heat generated in this reaction
helps melt away obstructions such as
grease, and the hydrogen gas
released stirs up the solids clogging
the drain. Calculate the volume of H2
formed at 0 °C and 1.00 atm if 3.12 g
of Al are treated with an excess of
NaOH.
3.88 L
Barium reacts with water according to
the reaction:
Ba(s) + 2 H2O(l) --> Ba(OH)2 (aq) +
H2 (g)
What volume [in L] of hydrogen gas,
at STP, is produced from 0.400 mol of
barium?
8.96
A method of producing pure copper
metal involves the reaction of
copper(I) sulfide with oxygen gas to
give copper metal and sulfur dioxide.
Suppose the yield of this reaction is
87%. What mass of a copper ore
consisting of 46% copper(I) sulfide
must be mined in order to produce
1.0x103 kg (1.0 metric ton) of copper
metal?
d. 3.2x103 kg
Which of these scientists developed
the nuclear model of the atom?
Ernest Rutherford
An atom of the isotope sulfur-31 and algicide. Calculate the mass of
consists of how many protons, oxygen in 1.000 mol of CuSO4·5H2O.
neutrons, and electrons?
144.0 g
(p = proton, n = neutron, e =
Charles's Law relates the volume and
electron)
temperature of a gas sample at
16 p, 15 n, 16 e constant pressure. What would be the
temperature of a gas sample when its
Which of the following elements is a
volume is 0 L?
reactive gas?
- 273°C
Chlorine
Which is the correct formula for
"An experiment to determine the
copper(II) phosphate?
molar mass of a gas begins by heating
a solid to produce a gaseous product. Cu3(PO4)2
The gas passes through a tube and
When J. J. Thomson discovered the
displaces water in an inverted, water-
electron, what physical property of the
filled bottle. Which of the following
electron did he measure?
items may be determined after the
experiment is completed?" its charge to mass ratio, e/m
vapor pressure of water Uranium-235 and uranium-238 have
the same number of which of the
Which of these quantities does not
following?
represent 1.00 mol of the indicated
substance? a. Protons and electrons
26.0 g Fe
"If a sample of methane gas effuses at
"A sample of argon gas is sealed in a
a rate of 9.0 mole per hour at 35 deg
container. The volume of the container
C, which of the gases below will effuse
is doubled. If the pressure remains
at approximately twice the rate under
constant, what happens to the
the same conditions?"
absolute temperature?"
helium gas
It is doubled.
Which of the following gases will be
Tin(II) fluoride (SnF2) is often added to
the slowest to diffuse through a room?
toothpaste as an ingredient to prevent
tooth decay. What is the mass of F in carbon dioxide
grams in 24.6 g of the compound?
Structural isomers have the same
5.97 molecular formula but different
structural formulas
What is the mass of 0.01 gram-moles
of Na₂SO₄? True
d. 1.42 g In the combustion analysis of 0.1127 g
of glucose (C6H12O6), what mass, in
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate,
grams, of CO2 would be produced?
CuSO4·5H2O, is used as a fungicide
0.1652
"The mole fraction of oxygen
molecules in dry air is 0.2029. What
volume of dry air at 1.00 atm and
25°C is required for burning 1.00 L of
hexane (C6H14, density = 0.660 g/mL)
completely, yeilding carbon dioxide
and water?"
a. 8490 L
The molar mass of caffeine is 194.19
g/mol and the empirical formula is
C4H5N2O; therefore the molecular
formula of caffeine is C8H10N4O2.
True
"When 50.0 mL of 1.0M AgNO3 is
added to 50 mL of 0.50M HCl, a
precipitate of AgCl forms. After the
reaction is complete, what is the
concentration of silver ions in the
solution?"
0.25M
Potassium metal will react with water
to release a gas and form a potassium
compound. Which of the following is
true?
The final solution is basic.
Which of the following is not a
conclusion Rutherford made from his
experiment with alpha particles being
shot at a thin sheet of gold foil?
a. An atom has a negatively
charged nucleus.
Aqueous solutions of this ion are blue.
Cu2+
Two moles of sodium react with 2
moles of water to produce which of
the following?
b. 2 moles of sodium hydroxide
and 1 mole of hydrogen
Choose the gas that probably shows
the greatest deviation from ideal gas
behavior.
SF4
"The volume of an ideal gas is directly
proportional to its absolute
temperature at constant pressure and
number of moles" is a statement of
________________ Law.
Charles'
Lead(II) sulfide was once used in
glazing earthenware. It will also react
with hydrogen peroxide to form
lead(II) sulfate and water. How many
grams of hydrogen peroxide are
needed to react completely with 265 g
of lead(II) sulfide?
151
"The mineral pyrolusite is a compound
of manganese-55 and oxygen-16. If
63% of the mass is pyrolusite is due to
manganese, what is the empirical
formula of pyrolusite?"
a. MnO2
An atom of the isotope sulfur-31
consists of how many protons,
neutrons, and electrons?
(p = proton, n = neutron, e =
electron)
16 p, 15 n, 16 e
What is the term for a quantity of a
substance to which a chemical formula
can be assigned and whose mass is
equal to its formula weight?
b. a mole
This ion will generate gas bubbles
upon the addition of hydrochloric acid.
(CO3)2-
Which phase change is described
correctly?
c. Liquid to solid is called freezing
Which gas is expected to have the
highest rate of effusion?
b. He
Which atom is not paired with its
correct ion and ionic charge?
a. Rb / Rb1-
1.3625 g of unknown metal X reacts
with oxygen to form 1.4158 g of the
oxide X2O. What is the atomic mass of
X?
206
Sulfur trioxide can react with
atmospheric water vapor to form
sulfuric acid that falls as acid rain.
Calculate the mass in grams of 3.65 ×
1020 molecules of SO3.
4.85 × 10-2 g
Kaolinite, a clay mineral with the
formula Al4Si4O10(OH)8, is used as a
filler in slick-paper for magazines and
as a raw material for ceramics.
Analysis shows that 14.35 g of
kaolinite contains 8.009 g of oxygen.
Calculate the mass percent of oxygen
in kaolinite.
55.81
The amount of calcium present in milk
can be determined by adding oxalate
to a sample and measuring the mass
of calcium oxalate precipitated. What
is the mass percent of calcium if 0.429
g of calcium oxalate forms in a 125-g
sample of milk when excess aqueous
sodium oxalate is added?
0.107%
What mass of KCIO3 must be
decomposed to produce 126 L of
oxygen gas at 133°C and 0.880 atm?
(The other reaction product is solid
KCI.)
c. 272 g
"The mole fraction of oxygen
molecules in dry air is 0.2029.What
volume of dry air at 1.00 atm and
25°C is required for burning 1.00 L of
hexane (C6H14, density = 0.660 g/mL)
completely, yeilding carbon dioxide
and water?"
d. 8490 L
Increasing the temperature of an ideal
gas from 50 deg C to 75 deg C at
constant volume will cause which of
the following to increase for the gas?
the average speed of the molecules
"A reaction produces a gaseous
mixture of carbon dioxide, carbon
monoxide, and water vapor. After one
reaction, the mixture was analyzed
and found to contain 0.60 mol of
carbon dioxide, 0.30 mol of carbon
monoxide, and 0.10 mol of water
vapor. If the total pressure of the
mixture was 0.80 atm, what was the
partial pressure of the carbon
monoxide?"
0.24 atm
At which temperature does a water
sample have the highest average
kinetic energy?
a. 100 degrees Celcius
A steel tank containing argon gas has
additional argon gas pumped into it at
constant temperature. Which of the
following is true for the gas in the
tank?
The gas atoms travel with the same
average speed.
Structural isomers have the same
molecular formula but different
structural formulas
True
"As the pressure of a gas increases,
the solubility of that gas in a liquid"
a. always increases
This ion will generate gas bubbles
upon the addition of hydrochloric acid.
(CO3)2-
"If a sample of methane gas effuses at
a rate of 9.0 mole per hour at 35 deg
C, which of the gases below will effuse
at approximately twice the rate under
the same conditions?"
helium gas
Which is the symbol for the element
that forms a protective oxide coating?
Mg
At which temperature does a water
sample have the highest average
kinetic energy?
d.100 degrees Celcius
A steel tank containing argon gas has
additional argon gas pumped into it at
constant temperature. Which of the
following is true for the gas in the
tank?
The gas atoms travel with the same
average speed.
Which gas under a high temperature
and a low pressure behaves most like
an ideal gas?
c.He
Two moles of sodium react with 2
moles of water to produce which of
the following?
c.2 moles of sodium hydroxide and 1
mole of hydrogen
Sodium sulfate froms a number of
hydrates. A sample of a hydrate is
heated until all the water is removed.
What is the formula of the original
hydrate if it loses 43% of its mass
when heated?
Na2SO4 *6H2O
In an average year the American
chemical industry produces more than
9.5 million metric tons of sodium
carbonate. Over half of this is used in
the manufacture of glass while
another third is used in the production
of detergents and other chemicals.
How many pounds of sodium
carbonate are produced annually?
2.1 X 1010 lb
How many moles of Pb(NO3)2 must be
added to 0.10L of a solution that is
1.0M in MgCl2 and 1.0M in KCl to
precipitate all of the chloride ion? The
compound PbCl2 precipitates.
0.15 mol
"During a laboratory experiment at 1.0
atm and 25°C, a student observed
that oxygen gas was produced by de-
composition of 15 g of sodium
chlorate. What was the volume of
oxygen?"
c.5.17 L
"When octane (C8H18) is burned in a
particular internal combustion engine,
the yield of the products (carbon
dioxide and water) is 93%. What mass
of carbon dioxide will be produced in
this engine when 15.0 g of octane is
burned with 15.0 g of oxygen gas?"
a.12 g
Calculate the pressure required to
compress 2 liters of a gas at 700 mm
Hg and 20°C into a container of 0.1
liter capacity at a temperature of
-150°C.
5877 mm Hg
In an average year the American
chemical industry produces more than
9.5 million metric tons of sodium
carbonate. Over half of this is used in
the manufacture of glass while
another third is used in the production
of detergents and other chemicals.
How many pounds of sodium
carbonate are produced annually?
2.1 X 1010 lb
Terephthalic acid, used in the
production of polyester fibers and
films, is composed of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen. When 0.6943 g
of terephthalic acid was subjected to
combustion analysis it produced 1.471
g CO2 and 0.226 g H2O. If its molar
mass is between 158 and 167 g/mol,
what is its molecular formula?
C8H6O4
A gold wire has a diameter of 1.00
mm. What length of this wire contains
exactly 1.00 mol of gold? [Given:
density of Au = 17.0 g/cm3]
b.14.8 m
Uranium-235 and uranium-238 have
the same number of which of the
following?
a.Protons and electrons
Which of the following occurs when
table salt (NaCI) is added to
continuously heated boiling water?
c.The water momentarily stops boiling.
"The reaction shown occurs in a
gaseous phase. Once equilibrium has
been achieved in a particular reaction
vessel, additional HI gas is injected
directly into the reaction vessel.
Compared to the initial conditions,
which of the following statements is
correct after the new equilibrium has
been achieved?"
c.The amount of I2 will have
increased.
"The volume of an ideal gas is directly
proportional to the number of moles of
the gas at constant temperature and
pressure" is a statement of
_____________ Law.
Avogadro's
This ion will generate gas bubbles
upon the addition of hydrochloric acid.
(CO3)2-
What is the oxidation number for
chromium (Cr) in the compound
BaCrO4?
c.6
This element is a liquid at room
temperature.
Hg
A magnesium ion, Mg2+, has
12 protons and 10 electrons
Which of the following gases will be
the slowest to diffuse through a room?
carbon dioxide
“The rate of effusion of a gas is
inversely proportional to the square
root of its molar mass” is a statement
of _________________ Law.
Graham's
Which of the following has the lowest
electronegativity?
Ba
"A reaction produces a gaseous
mixture of carbon dioxide, carbon
monoxide, and water vapor. After one
reaction, the mixture was analyzed
and found to contain 0.60 mol of
carbon dioxide, 0.30 mol of carbon
monoxide, and 0.10 mol of water
vapor. If the total pressure of the
mixture was 0.80 atm, what was the
partial pressure of the carbon
monoxide?"
0.24 atm
What mass of KCIO3 must be
decomposed to produce 126 L of
oxygen gas at 133°C and 0.880 atm?
(The other reaction product is solid
KCI.)
c.272 g
Water and SO3 combine to sulfuric
acid (H2SO4) according to the
following reaction. How many grams of
water must be added to 100 g of 20%
oleum (20% SO3 and 80% H2SO4 by
weight) to produce a 95% solution (by
weight) of sulfuric acid?
b.3.3 g
The carat is the unit of mass used by
jewelers. One carat is exactly 200 mg.
How many carbon atoms are present
in a 24-carat diamond?
2.4 x 1023 atoms
At what temperature in °C will O2 has
under a pressure of 2.4 atm? (rho of
O2= 1.43 g/L)
c.381°C
A common laboratory reaction is the
neutralization of an acid with a base.
When 50.0 mL of 0.500 M HCl at
25.0°C is added to 50.0 mL of 0.500 M
NaOH at 25.0°C in a coffee cup
calorimeter, the temperature of the
mixture rises to 28.2°C. What is the
heat of reaction per mole of acid?
Assume the mixture has a specific
heat capacity of 4.18 J/(g·K) and that
the densities of the reactant solutions
are both 1.00 g/mL.
54 Kj
Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate dissolves
in cold water to the extent of 266 g
per 100 cm3. What is the
concentration of nitrate ions in this
slution?
d.22.5 M
"Aluminum metal reacts with HCl to
produce aluminum chloride and
hydrogen gas. How many grams of
aluminum metal must be added to an
excess of HCl to produce 33.6L of
hydrogen gas, if the gas is at STP?"
The average speed of the nitrogen
molecules is greater than the average
molecules of the argon molecules.
"Ethylene glycol, used as a coolant in
automotive engines, has a specific
heat capacity of 2.42 J/(g·K). Calculate
q when 3.65 kg of ethylene glycol is
cooled from 132°C to 85°C. "
-420 kJ
Neon condenses due to
London dispersion forces
Who developed an empirical equation
from which the wavelengths of lines in
the spectrum of hydrogen atoms can
be calculated?
Rydberg
Which one of the following properties
is least characteristic of typical ionic
compounds?
poor electrical conductor when molten
For which one of the following
reactions will ?H be approximately (or
exactly) equal to ?E?
H2(g) + Br2(g) ? 2HBr(g)
Octane is a component of fuel used in
internal combustion engines. The
dominant intermolecular forces in
octane are
London dispersion forces
In which of the following processes is ?
H = ?E?
Calcium carbonate is heated to form
calcium oxide and carbon dioxide in a
container with variable volume.
What volume [mL] of water should be
added to 600. mL of ethanol in order
to have a solution that boils at 95.0°C?
[For ethanol, Kb = 1.22°C/m, density
= 0.789 g/cm3, boiling point = 78.4°C]
116
The mole fraction of potassium nitrate
in an aqueous solution is 0.0194. The
solution's density is 1.0627 g/mL.
Calculate the molarity of the solution.
1.05 M
The solubility of the oxidizing agent
potassium permanganate is 7.1 g per
100.0 g of water at 25°C. What is the
mole fraction of potassium
permanganate in this solution?
0.008
Calcium nitrite is used as a corrosion
inhibitor in lubricants. What is the
molality [m] of a solution prepared by
dissolving 18.5 g of calcium nitrite in
83.5 g of distilled water?
1.68
"Arrange oxygen, sulfur, calcium,
rubidium and potassium in order of
decreasing electronegativity. "
O > S > Ca > K > Rb
The ____________________ quantum
numbers are associated with the
energy of an electron in a many-
electron atom.
n and l
Electronegativity is a measure of
the attraction by an atom for electrons
in a chemical bond.
"According to the Bohr theory of the
hydrogen atom, the minimum energy
(in J) needed to ionize a hydrogen
atom from the n = 2 state is "
5.45 × 10-19 J
Which of the following ions and atoms
has the greatest radius?
Se2-
Predict the products for the reaction of
the following set of reactants. Mg(s) +
Cl2(g) ?
MgCl2(s)
Methane has a Henry's Law constant
(k)of 9.88 × 10-2 mol/(L·atm) when
dissolved in benzene at 25°C. How
many grams of CH4 will dissolve in
3.00 L of benzene if the partial
pressure of CH4 is 1.48 atm?
7.02 g
How many moles of Pb(NO3)2 must be
added to 0.10L of a solution that is
1.0M in MgCl2 and 1.0M in KCl to
precipitate all of the chloride ion? The
compound PbCl2 precipitates.
0.15 mol
Safrole is used as a topical antiseptic.
Calculate the vapor pressure [torr] of a
solution prepared by dissolving 0.75
mol of safrole in 950 g of ethanol ( MW
= 46.07 g/mol). P°ethanol = 50.0 torr
at 25°C.
48
An average home in Colorado requires
20. GJ of heat per month. How many
grams of natural gas (methane) must
be burned to supply this energy?
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
ΔHr = -890.4 kJ/mol
3.6 x 105
Which word best describes the
phenomenon which gives rise to a
rainbow?
Dispersion
"In the ground state of an atom of
silver (Ag), how many electrons will
there be with the quantum number l =
1? (The n, ml and ms quantum
numbers may have any appropriate
values.) "
18
Which element forms compounds
which are involved in smog and acid
rain?
Nitrogen
In which of the following processes is ?
H = ?E?
Calcium carbonate is heated to form
calcium oxide and carbon dioxide in a
container with variable volume.
"The interference pattern seen when
light passes through narrow, closely
spaced slits, is due to "
Diffraction
Select the correct electron
configuration for Cu (Z = 29).
[Ar]4s1 3d10
A solution of potassium hydroxide is in
equilibrium with undissolved solute at
45°C. What will happen if the
temperature is raised to 50°C? (?Hsoln
= -57.6 kJ/mol)
The mass of dissolved KOH will
decrease.
Which one of the following elements is
likely to exhibit the most violent and
rapid reaction with water?
Rb
When two pure substances are mixed
to form a solution
there is an increase in entropy.
"Arrange oxygen, sulfur, calcium,
rubidium and potassium in order of
decreasing electronegativity. "
O > S > Ca > K > Rb
What is the valence (oxidation state)
of carbon in sodium carbonate
(Na2CO3)?
b.4
Tin reacts to form several organic
compounds. Which of the following is a
use for organotin compounds?
They can be used as fungicides.
"Find the standard enthalpy of
formation of ethylene, C2H4(g), given
the following data: heat of combustion
of C2H4(g)= -1411 kJ/mol; [CO2(g)] =
-393.5 kJ/mol; [H2O(l)] = -285.8
kJ/mol."
52 kJ/mol
How many liters of 2M solution (i.e., a
molarity of 2) can be produced from
184 g of ethyl alcohol (CH₃CH₂OH)?
b.2.0 L
Benzaldehyde ( MW = 106.1 g/mol),
also known as oil of almonds, is used
in the manufacture of dyes and
perfumes and in flavorings. What
would be the freezing point of a
solution prepared by dissolving 75.00
g of benzaldehyde in 850.0 g of
ethanol? Kf = 1.99°C/m, freezing point
of pure ethanol = -117.3°C.
-119.0°C
When 24.0 g of glucose (a
nonelectrolyte) are dissolved in 500. g
of water, the solution has a freezing
point of -0.47°C. What is the molar
mass of glucose? Kf of water is
1.86°C/m.
190
"For a given solution, which of the
following concentration values will
change as temperature changes? "
Molarity
Calculate q when 28.6 g of water is
heated from 22.0°C to 78.3°C.
6.74 kJ
"Although the periodic table is
organized according to the atomic
numbers of the elements, chemists
are more interested in the
arrangement of the electrons for their
studies. Which of the following
statements about the electron
configurations and their quantum
numbers is correct? "
The valence electrons of atoms in a
particular group have the same
angular momentum quantum number
but have different principal quantum
numbers.
Which two elements will display the
most similar chemical properties?
c.Litium and potassium
Which one of the following pairs of
dispersed phases and dispersing
media can never form a colloid?
gas and gas
The modern periodic table is arranged
based upon atomic
c.number
The density of a 20.3 M CH3OH
(methanol) solution is 0.858 g/mL.
What is the molality of this solution?
H2O is the solvent.
97.6
"A piece of copper metal is initially at
100.0°C. It is dropped into a coffee
cup calorimeter containing 50.0 g of
water at a temperature of 20.0°C.
After stirring, the final temperature of
both copper and water is 25.0°C.
Assuming no heat losses, and that the
specific heat (capacity) of water is
4.18 J/(g·K), what is the heat capacity
of the copper in J/K? "
13.9 J/K
Calculate the molality of a 15.0% by
mass solution of MgCl2 in H2O. The
density of this solution is 1.127 g/mL.
1.86
Barbiturates are synthetic drugs used
as sedatives and hypnotics. Barbital
( MW = 184.2 g/mol) is one of the
simplest of these drugs. What is the
boiling point of a solution prepared by
dissolving 42.5 g of barbital in 825 g of
acetic acid?
Kb = 3.07°C/m, boiling point of pure
acetic acid = 117.9°C
118.8°C
What volume [mL] of ethanol (density
= 0.7893 g/cm3) should be added to
450. mL of water in order to have a
solution that freezes at -15.0°C? [For
water, Kf = 1.86 °C/m]
212
Isoamyl salicylate ( MW = 208.25
g/mol) has a pleasant aroma and is
used in perfumes and soaps. Which of
the following combinations gives a
0.75 m solution of isoamyl salicylate in
ethyl alcohol (ρ = 0.7893 g/mL)?
117.2 g isoamyl salicylate in 950.0 mL
of ethyl alcohol
A sample of oxalic acid, H2C2O4, is
titrated with standard sodium
hydroxide, NaOH, solution. A total of
45.20 mL of 0.1200M NaOH is required
to neutralize20.00 mL of the acid.
What is the concentration of the acid?
0.1356 M
Consider a 0.90 M Al(NO3)3 solution.
This solution has a nitrate ion
concentration of
2.7 M
Select the arrangement of
electromagnetic radiation which starts
with the lowest wavelength and
increases to greatest wavelength.
"gamma rays, ultraviolet, infrared,
radio"
"A solution of sucrose (sugar) in water
is in equilibrium with solid sucrose. If
more solid sucrose is now added, with
stirring, "
the concentration of the solution will
remain the same.
Which one of the following elements is
likely to exhibit the most violent and
rapid reaction with water?
Rb
In which of the following processes is ?
H = ?E?
Calcium carbonate is heated to form
calcium oxide and carbon dioxide in a
container with variable volume.
"Which one of the following properties
is least characteristic of substances
composed of small, covalently-bonded
molecules? "
weak bonds
Which of the following elements has
the largest atomic size?
Ba
Carbon tetrachloride, once widely
used in fire extinguishers and as a dry
cleaning fluid, has been found to
cause liver damage to those exposed
to its vapors over long periods of time.
What is the boiling point of a solution
prepared by dissolving 375 g of sulfur
(S8)? MW = 256.5g/mol) in 1250 g of
CCl4 Kb = 5.05°C/m, boiling point of
pure CCl4 = 76.7°C
82.6°C
From the following list of aqueous
solutions and water, select the one
with the lowest freezing point.
0.75 M (NH4)3PO4
Raoult's Law relates the vapor
pressure of the solvent above the
solution to its mole fraction in the
solution. Which of the following is an
accurate statement?
Raoult's Law works best when applied
to dilute solutions.
Which of the following elements is the
most electronegative?
Cl
A Born-Haber cycle applied to the
formation reaction of an ionic solid
is an application of Hess's Law.
An emulsion is a dispersion consisting
of a
liquid in a liquid.
Which of the following elements has
the largest first ionization energy?
Cl
Select the correct formula for a
compound formed from calcium and
chlorine.
CaCl2
Calculate the freezing point of a
solution made by dissolving 3.50 g of
potassium chloride ( MW = 74.55
g/mol) in 100.0 g of water. Assume
ideal behavior for the solution; Kf =
1.86°C/m.
-1.7°C
"The osmotic pressure of a 0.010 M
MgSO4 solution at 25°C is 0.318 atm.
Calculate i, the van't Hoff factor, for
this MgSO4 solution."
1.3
Select the strongest electrolyte from
the following set.
LiNO3
Which of the following is a correct set
of quantum numbers for an electron in
a 3d orbital?
"n = 3, l = 2, ml = -2"
"Magnesium oxide, MgO, is an
important industrial material. Which of
the following is one of its uses? "
furnace bricks
A solution of potassium hydroxide is in
equilibrium with undissolved solute at
45°C. What will happen if the
temperature is raised to 50°C? (?Hsoln
= -57.6 kJ/mol)
The mass of dissolved KOH will
decrease.
An atom has eight electrons in a 3d
subshell. How many orbitals in this
subshell have an unpaired electron?
d.2
Which of the following elements has
the largest first ionization energy?
c.H (hydrogen) Which of the following oxides will give
the most basic solution when
"Aluminum metal reacts with HCl to
dissolved in water?
produce aluminum chloride and
hydrogen gas. How many grams of K2O
aluminum metal must be added to an
Which of the following elements has
excess of HCl to produce 33.6L of
the greatest atomic radius?
hydrogen gas, if the gas is at STP?"
Rb
The average speed of the nitrogen
molecules is greater than the average If a solute dissolves in an endothermic
molecules of the argon molecules. process
"The osmotic pressure of a 0.010 M the entropy of the solution must be
MgSO4 solution at 25°C is 0.318 atm. greater than that of its pure
Calculate i, the van't Hoff factor, for components.
this MgSO4 solution."
"Magnesium oxide, MgO, is an
1.3 important industrial material. Which of
the following is one of its uses? "
Calculate the enthalpy change for the
reactions NO(g) + O(g) → NO2(g) furnace bricks
from the following data: """Each electron in an atom must have
its own unique set of quantum
NO(g) + O3(g) → NO2(g) + O2(g)
numbers"" is a statement of "
ΔH = -198.9 kJ
the Pauli exclusion principle.
O3(g) → 1.5 O2(g)
ΔH = -142.3 kJ Select the element with the lowest
first ionization energy.
O2(g) → 2O(g)
ΔH = 495.0 kJ Sr
-304.1 kJ How many grams of glucose,
C6H12O6, are necessary to prepare
Naphthalene combustion can be used
656 mL of a solution with a
to calibrate the heat capacity of a
concentration that is 0.550 molar?
bomb calorimeter. The heat of
combustion of naphthalene is -40.1 c.64.9 g
kJ/g. When 0.8210 g of naphthalene
was burned in a calorimeter "Given the thermochemical equation
containing 1,000. g of water, a 2SO2 + O2 --> 2SO3, dHr= -198
temperature rise of 4.21°C was kJ/mol, what is the standard enthalpy
observed. What is the heat capacity of change for the decomposition of one
the bomb calorimeter excluding the mole of SO3?"
water? 99 kJ/mol
3.64 kJ/°C Diethyl ether has a vapor pressure of
400.0 torr at 18°C. When a sample of
benzoic acid is dissolved in ether, the
vapor pressure of the solution is 342
torr. What is the mole fraction of
benzoic acid in the solution?
0.145
Which of the following aqueous
solutions has the lowest freezing
point?
0.15 m Na2SO4
A liquid will boil when
The mole fraction of potassium nitrate
in an aqueous solution is 0.0194. The
solution's density is 1.0627 g/mL.
Calculate the molarity of the solution.
1.05 M
A solution that contains 55.0 g of
ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) in 250. g of
water freezes at -2.34°C. Calculate the
molar mass (in units of g/mol) of the
solute. Kf of water is 1.86°C/m.

b.its vapor pressure is equal to the 175

surrounding pressure
The size of an atomic orbital is
Select the correct electron associated with
configuration for sulfur (Z = 16).
the principal quantum number (n).
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
"""Electrons added to atomic orbitals
"Sulfur hexafluoride, SF6, is " of the same energy will remain
unpaired with parallel spins until the
an inert gas that is used as an subshell is more than half-filled"" is a
electrical insulator. statement of "
Which of the following is not a state Hund's rule.
function?
"Dinitrogen monoxide, N2O, is "
Work
a colorless gas used as a propellant in
Select the correct electron canned whipped cream.
configuration for Te (Z = 52).
"According to the Bohr theory of the
[Kr]5s2 4d10 5p4 hydrogen atom, the minimum energy
Who was the first scientist to propose (in J) needed to ionize a hydrogen
that an object could emit only certain atom from the n = 2 state is "
amounts of energy? 5.45 × 10-19 J
Planck What are the products of the reaction
How many moles of bromide ions are of potassium hydride and water? KH(s)
present in 750.0 mL of 1.35 M MgBr2? + H2O(l) ?

2.03 K+(aq) + H2(g) + OH-(aq)

What is the freezing point of a solution "Arrange calcium, rubidium, sulfur,

prepared from 50.0 g ethylene glycol and arsenic in order of decreasing
(C2H6O2) and 85.0 g H2O? Kf of water electronegativity. "
is 1.86°C/m. S > As > Ca > Rb
-17.6°C
Potassium fluoride is used for frosting
glass. Calculate the molarity of a
solution prepared by dissolving 78.6 g
of KF in enough water to produce 225
mL of solution.
6.01 M
"2.3 g ethanol (C2H5OH) is added to
500 g water. Determine the molality,
m, of the resulting solution."
0.1
When 50.0 mL of 1.0M AgNO3 is
added to 50 mL of 0.50M HCl, a
precipitate of AgCl forms. After the
reaction is complete, what is the
concentration of silver ions in the
solution?
0.25M
Calculate the freezing point of a
solution made from 22.0 g of octane
(C8H18) dissolved in 148.0 g of
benzene. Benzene freezes at 5.50°C
and its Kf value is 5.12°C/m
-1.16°C
An atom in the ground state has seven
valence electrons. Which electron
configuration could represent the
valence electron configuration of this
atom in the ground state?
a.3s²3p5
Which scientist first proposed that the
electron in the hydrogen atom can
have only certain energies?
Bohr
The electronic structure 1s2 2s2 2p6
3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8 refers to the ground
state of
Ni
Who was the first scientist to propose
that an object could emit only certain
amounts of energy?
Planck
Barbiturates are synthetic drugs used
as sedatives and hypnotics. Barbital
( MW = 184.2 g/mol) is one of the
simplest of these drugs. What is the
boiling point of a solution prepared by
dissolving 42.5 g of barbital in 825 g of
acetic acid? Kb = 3.07°C/m, boiling
point of pure acetic acid = 117.9°C
118.8°C
Solid sodium peroxide (Na2O2) reacts
with liquid water yielding aqueous
sodium hydroxide and oxygen gas.
How much heat is released when
250.0 L of oxygen gas is produced
from the reaction of sodium peroxide
and water if the reaction is carried out
in an open container at 1.000 atm
pressure and 25°C? (Given: heat of
formation [Na2O2(s)] = -510.9 kJ/mol;
[NaOH(aq)] = -469.2 kJ/mol; [H2O(l)]
= -285.8 kJ/mol)
2900 kJ
"The equilibrium constant, Kc for the
reaction H2(g) + CO2(g) <==>
H2O(g) + CO(g) is 4.2. Initially 0.80
mole of H2 and 0.80 mole CO2 are
placed in a 5.0 L flask. The
concentration of CO at equilibrium is
_____."
0.11 M
A certain first-order reaction A --> B is
25% complete in 42 min at 25°C. What
is the half-life [min] of the reaction?
101
_____ faradays of electricity are
required to reduce one mole of MnO4–
to Mn2+.\
5 at equilibrium will be unchanged.
A solution is adjusted from pH 8 to pH
9. The relative concentration of the
hydrogen [H?] ion has changed by a
factor of what?
b.110
What is the mass-action expression,
Qp, for the following reaction? SbF5(g)
+ 4Cl2(g) ↔ SbCl3(g) + 5ClF(g)
The equilibrium constant Kc for the
equilibrium A + B <==> C + D is X.
The equilibrium constant for the
reaction 1/2 A + 1/2 B <==> 1/2 C +
1/2 D is
X^(1/2)
The cathode in the Daniell cell is _____.
Cu
The equilibrium position of the
reaction SO2(g) + Cl2(g) <==>
SO2Cl2(g) can be shifted in the
forward direction by _____.
Adding Cl2
Magnesium carbonate dissociates to
magnesium oxide and carbon dioxide
at elevated temperatures.
MgCO3(s) ↔ MgO(s) + CO2(g)
A reaction vessel contains these
compounds in equilibrium at 300°C.
What will happen if the volume of the
container is reduced by 25% at
300°C?
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide
The reaction system
POCl3(g) ↔ POCl(g) + Cl2(g)
is at equilibrium. Which of the
following statements describes the
behavior of the system if the partial
pressure of chlorine is reduced by
50%?
POCl3 will be consumed as equilibrium
is established.
"The decay of U-238 to Pb-206 can be
used to estimate the age of inorganic
matter. The half-life of U-238 is 4.5 x
10^9 years. In a particular rock
sample, the ratio of the numbers of
Pb-206 to U-238 atoms is 0.66.
Assume all of the Pb-206 present is
due to the decay of U-238. What is the
age of the rock?"
a.3.3x 109 yr
"What is the value of Kc for the
reaction CO2(g) + H2(g) <==>
H2O(g) + CO(g) when the equilibrium
concentrations of CO, H2, CO2, and
H2O are 0.050 M, 0.045 M, 0.086 M
and 0.040 M respectively?"
0.52
A certain first-order reaction A --> B is
25% complete in 42 min at 25°C. What
is the half-life [min] of the reaction?
101
The first-order reaction SO2Cl2 -->
SO2 + Cl2 is 10% complete in 80. min.
How long would it take for the reaction
to be 95% complete?
2300 min
The substance HCl is considered
a strong Arrhenius acid.
"For the reaction whose rate law is
rate = k[X], a plot of which of the
following is a straight line? "
log [X] versus time
Which one of the following substances
will give an aqueous solution of pH <
7?
NH4Br
The following reaction is at equilibrium
at one atmosphere, in a closed
container.
NaOH(s) + CO2(g) ↔ NaHCO3(s)
Which, if any, of the following actions
will decrease the total amount of CO2
gas present at equilibrium?
decreasing the volume of the
container
A catalyst accelerates a reaction
because
it lowers the activation energy for the
reaction.
Tarnished silver is coated with _____.
Ag2S
Which of the following has an effect on
the magnitude of the equilibrium
constant?
change in temperature
The position of the equilibrium 2CO(g)
+ O2(g) <==> 2 CO2(g) can be
shifted to the left by the addition of
_____ at constant pressure.
He
The equilibrium 2SO2(g) + O2(g)
<==> 2 SO3(g) can shifted to the
reactant side by _____. DH = –198.2 Kj
Decreasing pressure
Although a system may be at
equilibrium, the rate constants of the
forward and reverse reactions will in
general be different.
True
The equilibrium constant Kc for the
equilibrium A + B <==> C + D is X.
The equilibrium constant for the
reaction 1/2 A + 1/2 B <==> 1/2 C +
1/2 D is
X^(1/2)
The correct statement is: _____.
Oxidation occurs at the anode
The potential of the cell made up of
Zn/Zn2+(0.25 M) and Cu/Cu2+(0.15
M) at 25 °C is _____.
1.09V
_____ faradays of electricity are
required to reduce one mole of MnO4–
to Mn2+.
5
"The solubility constant of stronyium
sulfate, SrSO4, is 2.8 x 10-7. How
many grams of SrSO4 must be
dissolved in water to produce 1 L
saturated solution?"
d.0.1 g
"The equilibrium constant, Kc for the
reaction H2(g) + CO2(g) <==>
H2O(g) + CO(g) is 4.2. Initially 0.80
mole of H2 and 0.80 mole CO2 are
placed in a 5.0 L flask. The
concentration of CO at equilibrium is 0 0.85
_____."
2 0.67
0.11 M
6 0.41
"The decay of U-238 to Pb-206 can be
8 0.33
used to estimate the age of inorganic
matter. The half-life of U-238 is 12 0.20
4.5x109 years. In a particular rock
sample, the ratio of the numbers of 14 0.16
Pb-206 to U-238 atoms is 0.66. 0.049 mol L-1s-1
Assume all of the Pb-206 present is
due to the decay of U-238.What is the The equilibrium constant Kc for the
age of rock?" equilibrium A + B <==> C + D is X.
The equilibrium constant for the
b.3.3x109 yr reaction 2C + 2D <==> 2A + 2B is
"The equilibrium constant, Kc for the X^(-2)
reaction H2(g) + CO2(g) <==>
H2O(g) + CO(g) is 4.2. Initially 0.80 Consider the equilibrium reaction:
mole of H2 and 0.80 mole CO2 are H2(g) + Br2(g) ↔ 2HBr(g)
placed in a 5.0 L flask. At equilibrium,
Which of the following correctly
the concentration of H2 is equal to the
describes the relationship between Kc
concentration of _____."
and Kp for the reaction?
C02
Kp = Kc
What element is the stable end-
"The half-life of radioactive carbon is
product of the uranium radioactive
approximately 5700 years. If a sample
decay series?
is found to have 7000 atoms after
Pb 6000 years, how many atoms were
presents initially?"
Which of the following does a catalyst
change? b.14500 atoms

b.the activation energy of a reaction The potential of the cell made up of

Zn/Zn2+(0.25 M) and Cu/Cu2+(0.15
A reaction mechanism usually is M) at 25 °C is _____.
"difficult, if not impossible, to prove" 1.09V
The compound RX3 decomposes 4:59 BAGO MAG 5:00
according to the equation
3RX3 → R + R2X3 + 3X2
In an experiment the following data
were collected for the decomposition
at 100°C. What is the average rate of
reaction over the entire experiment?
t(s) [RX3](mol L-1)