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74 Original article
Keywords:
antipyretic, Brewer’s yeast, Moringa oleifera
present study was undertaken to study the antipyretic 2 ml/kg body weight); group II (standard, paracetamol
potential of leaf extract of M. oleifera. 100 mg/kg); groups III, IV, V, and VI [ethanolic extract
of M. oleifera (EMO) 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg,
respectively]. This is regarded as a classical method for
antipyresis testing. Wistar strain of albino rats of either
Materials and methods sex weighing 100–200 g were used for the study. The
The study protocol was approved by Institutional animals were fasted for 18 h before commencement of
Animal Ethical Committee (IAEC), Siksha O the experiment, but water was provided ad libitum. An
Anusandhan (SOA) University. Experiments were initial rectal temperature was recorded using a rectal
performed in Department of Pharmacology, IMS & thermometer to a depth of 1.5 cm in the rectum of
SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar. It was a randomized rats. Animals with a body temperature between 36
controlled study.
and 38°C were included in the study. A 20% Brewer’s
yeast in 0.9% w/v saline was injected subcutaneously
Collection of plant material below the nape of neck at a dose of 10 ml/kg thereafter.
The leaves were collected from the local areas of The injection site was massaged to ensure the spread
Syampur (Bhubaneswar, Odisha), and its identity of suspension below the skin. Room temperature was
was confirmed taxonomically by Dr P.C. Panda, maintained at 22–24°C. After the yeast injection, food
scientist of Regional Plant Research Centre (RPRC), was immediately withdrawn. After 10 h postchallenge,
Bhubaneswar. the rise in rectal temperature was recorded. Animals
which showed a rise in body temperature to at least
39°C were included in the study, allowing a minimal
Extract preparation
of six rats in each group, total of 36 rats. The animals
The leaves (500 g) of M. oleifera were obtained locally received the standard (paracetamol 100 mg/kg) or
and shade dried and powdered. It was extracted with the test compound (EMO 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg)
90% ethanol in a Soxhlet apparatus for 8 h. Extract by oral administration, and the rectal temperature
was filtered (Whitman filter paper no. 1), concentrated
was recorded at 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, and
in a rotary evaporator to yield a semisolid mass of
24 h after dosing. The maximum reduction in average
42 g (8.4% w/w), stored at 4°C, and used for oral
rectal temperature in comparison with the control
administration.
hyperpyrexia group was calculated and compared [10].
Animals
The animals were procured from central animal house
IMS & SUM Hospital. Wistar albino rats of either Results
sex (100–200 g) were used. Food and water were given Subcutaneous injection of the pyrogenic dose of yeast
ad libitum. Animals were acclimatized to laboratory produced elevated changes in rectal temperature, which
conditions for 7 days before the experiments. The is shown in Table 1. The EMO showed a significant
study was approved by the IAEC of SOA University, (P < 0.05) decrease in rectal temperature at doses 100,
Bhubaneswar, under the approval number 22/12/
IAEC/SPS/SOA. All experiments and animal care Figure 1
were according to the CPCSEA and good laboratory
practice guidelines. No animals were killed at the end
of the study.
Chemicals
Paracetamol (Dr Reddy’s Laboratory, Hyderabad,
India), yeast extract powder (HiMedia Laboratories
Pvt Ltd, Mumbai, India), and other solvents were of
analytical grade.
37.00 ± 0.37
37.1 ± 0.27*** 37.08 ± 0.24*** 37.08 ± 0.31
37.16 ± 0.23
37.1 ± 0.23
37.5 ± 0.50** 37.03 ± 0.48
39.25 ± 0.16 39.08 ± 0.33 38.83 ± 0.33* 38.56 ± 0.35** 38.15 ± 0.37***37.8 ± 0.44*** 37.65 ± 0.52***37.38 ± 0.64***37.43 ± 0.48*** 37.33 ± 0.56** 37.18 ± 0.23
However, no significant decrease in mean temperature
24 h
was noted by EMO 50 mg/kg when compared with
control throughout the study period (Table 1 and Fig. 1).
EMO at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg showed
37.61 ± 0.26*
38.21 ± 0.27
38.15 ± 0.22
12 h a progressive decline in mean temperature pattern with
the increase in the dose (Fig. 2). Paracetamol showed
significant (P < 0.05) decrease in rectal temperature
from 0.25 to 12 h. The onset of action of paracetamol
37.9 ± 0.43**
38.66 ± 0.15* 38.61 ± 0.19** 38.41 ± 0.27** 38.23 ± 0.20* 38.23 ± 0.21*
38.81 ± 0.18
38.8 ± 0.26
38.91 ± 0.32
38.93 ± 0.13
39.05 ± 0.20
3h
Discussion
BBT, basal body temperature; EMO, ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.
39.16 ± 0.12
Table 1 Effect of paracetamol and ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera on yeast-induced pyrexia
39.13 ± 0.16
38.95 ± 0.13
37.16 ± 0.12
mg/kg)
Figure 3
Conclusion
Therefore, from the results of the study, we can deduce
that EMO could be used as an antipyretic agent at
100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. However, further studies are
necessary to examine the mechanism of action of the
antipyretic activity and to isolate the active compounds
responsible for this pharmacological activity.
Acknowledgements
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
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