1A) If Velma moves towards mort at half the speed of light and a beam of light is shined towards

her by mort she will by Galilean relativity predict that the speed of light is 3c/2 m/s. This is
because she and the light are travelling in opposite directions towards each other i.e Velma
would feel that she is at rest and that light is travelling faster towards her.

2A) Yes the principle of relativity requires that every observer observe the same laws of physics.
For example, the theory of relativity takes for granted that the speed of light remains constant in
all frames of reference if this was not the case then the theory of relativity would go wrong. The
theory of relativity can distort space and time but it cannot mess up the laws of physics,
because they are laws and hold true always.

3A) a. No the special theory of relativity does not allow me to go on a trip and return older than
my father because t’ = ४t and ४ = 1/√1-(v/c)^2 this means that as ४ is always greater than one t’
is always greater than “t” so when I move at light speed an observer would see my time
increase in relation to theirs as the question asks if I can go on a trip and come back older this
would not be possible as it goes against this(because here I am going at the speed of light and
to my father my time is longer than his which means he will see me age slower than himself).

b. Yes my father can go on a trip and return younger than me because as discussed above
to me his time would’ve slowed down by a factor of gamma this means that the closer he is
travelling to the speed of light the more likely that by the time he comes back I would’ve grown a
lot older than him.

4) a)It is impossible for mort to observe length contraction and time dilation happening to Velma
separately. This is because both length and time contraction depends on factor ४ which is
independent of length and time but rather depends on the velocity of Velma, which is same for
both the cases and hence there is always length contraction and time dilation together.
b) answer the same as the above question.

5)When something is moving with a speed v it's mass changes by ४, i.e m’ = ४m as ४ is greater
than one m’ is always greater than m. Hence the mass of the stone increases.

6)The argument that a bullet and a laser should hit the same point some distance away
because they are both affected by the same downward acceleration of gravity would be true
only if photons have mass. As light which is a wave or in particle form made up of photons does
not have any mass it cannot be affected by Newtonian forces as F = ma would always end up to
be zero.