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Circular raft foundation

Total wt on foundation shell +raft +soil W 11617.0 KN All inclusive

Bending Moment due to wind Mwind 13447.1 KNm

2
Allowable bearing pressure B 130.0 KN/m provided by client

Total load on soil W 11617.0 KN

2
Area of foundation A 3.14*D2/4 m

Section modulus Z 3.14*D3/32 m3

Outer Diameter of chimney D 3.08 m

If DF is the diameter of circular footing for no tension to develop:

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Bearing pressure checks
Raft Dia 12.8 m assumed by trial to keep bearing pressure less than allowable
Actual wt of raft = 4307 kN
Total load on Soil W = 11617 kN

Maximum momnet M at top of raft = 13447 kNm

2
Area A of raft = 128 m
3
Z 3.14*D3/32 = 203 m

Pressure on soil
Pmax 2
Wx +- M + = 157 kN/m
2
A Z bearing with 25% increase for wind < 163 kN/m ok

Pmin 2
No tension in top of raft - = 25 kN/m very small
ok
Here W is the total load including soil and raft wt. on soil and M is the max moment in raft due to wind.

NOTE:
For design of raft the weight of soil and raft shall not be considered as its directly supported by soil.
Part of raft weight is considered to account for difference in soil and concrete density

DL+ LL+ Wt of raft for density difference Wx = 5154 KN

without soil

Total Bending Moment Mwind = 8575 KNm

3
Z 3.14*D3/32 = 203 m
2
A = 128 m
For these loads the pressures under the raft are

2 2
Wx = 40.4 kN/m 33.33 % of pressure due to axial load 13.5 kN/m
A <
2 2
M = 42.2 kN/m 14.05191 42.2 kN/m
Z

2
Wx +- M = 82.6 kN/m
2
A Z = -1.8 kN/m

i.e pressure under raft varies from -1.8 kN/m2 to 82.6 kN/m2 as shown below

Therefore design of raft will be based on a uniform pressure of 82.6 kN/m2 under raft

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Bending moments in the circular slab: combination of two cases shown- Based on Krishna Raju Advanced RCC

2a = 12.75 m a = 6.38 m
2b = 3.08 m b = 1.54 m
Bending moment Mr-center at center of footing
2 2
W (2loge(a/b) + 1- (b/a) ) 3w*a
= -
8*3.14 16
loge(a/b) = 1.38
2
(b/a) = 0.04
2
3/16 w a = 629.0
2b
2 2)
3/16 w ( a - b = 592.3
2
2loge(a/b) + 1- (b/a) = 3.72 2b
Mr = 134.5 KNm/m

Moment Mr-max at junction of footing and chimney walls

2 2 2)
W (2loge(a/b) + 1- (b/a) ) 3 w * (a -b
= -
8*3.14 16

Mr-max = 1128.7 KNm/m

Ultimate moment = 1.5 Mr 1693.0 KNm/m

Grades of concrete and steel used

2
M25 25.0 N/mm
FE 500.0 N/mm
2 Mrmax 0.5

= 0.138*Fck * b = 700.52 mm
Required effective depth of foundation d

Since M is large assume higher depth of footing to be safer in shear and economical reinforcement
Top Cover = 50 mm deffective = 1290 mm
Bottom Cover = 60 mm Total D = 1350 mm
Mu = 1.02
2
bd
From Table 2 in SP 16 find Percentage of steel P t = 0.23

Ast-bottom 2
Mimimum area of steel required for total section at bottom = 2967 mm /m

Bottom Reinforcement: Provide 25 @150 at bottom both ways

Top Reinforcement: Provide 16 @300 at top both ways
% steel
Ast-bottom 2
Total area of steel provided in bottom = 3300 mm 0.26
Ast-top 3
Total area of steel provided in top = 670 mm 0.05

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One way shear check - Check for shear at distance d from wall junction

2
Total Pressure on raft P = 82.6 KN/m

Cantiliver projection of footing slab L = 4.84 m

Max shear force at distance d from the support is : Vu = 287.7 KN

Max factored shear force Vmax = 431.5 KN

2
Estimated Shear stress in section provided Vmax/bdeff = 0.33 N/mm

100 Ast = 0.26 %

bd

2
Refer Table 19 of IS: 456-2000 to caculate allowable shear stress = 0.36 N/mm

Chairs used 16# 2-Legged at 1000 c/c spacing

Shear contribution of chairs 0.87Fy x Ast x Deff x sin(90) = 0.17 N/mm

2

Spacing x Deff x 1000

2
Total Shear Strength ( chairs + raft section) in N/mm of section provided = 0.53 > estimated
Hence SAFE

Two way Shear check

Max shear force Vmax at wall slab junction W shell/2*pie*r 152.08 kN

Wshell + accesoried only

Vfactored 1.5*Vmax 228.12 kN

Max punching shear stress at wall slab junction is Vmax/bdeff 0.18 kN/mm2

Allowable shear stress for M-25 Concrete 0.25 * SQRT(Fck) 1.25 kN/mm2
>
0.18 kN/mm2 SAFE

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Check for Overturning

CASE 1 - Shell + raft

Actual weight of raft = 4307 kN
Total load - shell + raft = 4742 kN

Maximum momnet M at top of raft = 12994 kNm

2
Area A of raft = 128 m

Restoring Moment
Radius of raft * Total toal on raft = 30229 kNm
Safety against overturning = 2.3 >> 1.5
Hence SAFE

CASE 2 - Shell + raft +soil + lining

Weight of soil = 1172 kN

Total load on Soil W' = 11617 kN
wt. Of chimney + lining + raft + accesories + soil
Maximum momnet M at top of raft = 12994 kNm
2
Area A of raft = 128 m

Restoring Moment
Radius of raft * Total toal on raft = 74059
Safety against overturning = 5.7 >>> 1.5
Hence SAFE