Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
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Unfair business pratices: acts by business against consumer which are
misleading or frsudulent.
Tortious conduct: wrongful acts in their nature of a tort
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- Larceny: theft of personal property .
- Manslaughter: unlawful killing but without intent to kill.
- Money laundering: the process of making large amounts of money generated
by a criminal activity, such as drug trafficking or terrorist funding, appear to
have come from a legitimate source.
- Obstruction of justice: the crime or act of willfully interfering with the
process of justice and law especially by influencing, threatening, harming, or
impeding a witness, potential witness, juror, or judicial or legal officer or by
furnishing false information in or otherwise impeding an investigation or
legal process.
- Rape: using violence or threats to have sex without consent.
- Shoplifting: stealing merchandise from a shop or business.
- Stalking: repeatedly following and/or harassing a person with unwanted
attention.
- Tax evasion: illegally trying to avoid paying taxes.
- Theft: general term for talking another person’s personal property without
permission.
- Vandalism: intentional and malicious damage to or destruction of property.
- White-collar crimes = business crime: non-violent offences usually
committed by business people or government official, typically property
crimes and economic crimes. Also includes bribery, environmental law
violations and money laundering, among many others .
- Offence = crime: a violation of public which is subject to punishment such
as imprisonment of fine.
- Prosecution: bring a criminal case before a court.
- Prosecutor: lawyer who brings criminal cases on behalf of.
- Jurisdiction: territory or district in which a court has authority to hear cases.
- Offender: person who commits a crime.
- Sentence: to impose a certain punishment.
- Execution: death penalty, capital punishment.
- Corporal punishment: punishment inflicted on the body, such as whipping.
- Imprisonment = supervised release: being confined in jail or prison (also
incarceration).
- Parole: early release from prison after serving part of the sentences, usually
under supervision and upon certain conditions.
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- Probation: sentences which allows the convicted offender to be released into
community under supervision instead of going to prison.
- Community service order: alternative to prison, a criminal sentences that
requires the offender to do unpaid work in the community.
- Petty theft: stealing something of low value (in some jurisdiction less than
$400), in contrast to grand theft, where the value of the stolen goods is
greater.
- Accused: someone charged with a crime, the defendant in a criminal
proceeding.
- Action in tort: case brought in court, seeking damages for a tort.
- Actus reus: criminal deed or act, which means criminal intent).
- Balance of probabilities: where proof of liability must be shown to be more
likely than not.
- Burden of proof: requirement of presenting enough evidence to support a
claim
- Charge: to make a formal accusation of a crime.
- Guilty beyond a reasonable doubt: amount of proof needed to convict a
defendant of a crime.
- Preponderance of the evidence: standard of proof in civil cases requiring that
one side’s case must be more probable than not.
- Judge: public official who hears and decides cases in court.
- Jury: group of people selected to come to a verdict on questions of fact
based on evidence presented in court.
- Claimant = Plaintiff: person who brings a civil action.
- Felony : grave crime punishable by a hasher sentence than a misdemeanor,
which is less serious crime.
- Bin raiding: is where thieves search through people’s household rubbish on
the hunt for personal information that can be used to carry out fraud.