2015/10/26 Security Level:

LTE Capacity Evaluation

Johnny
www.huawei.com

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Content

1 LTE Capacity Evaluation

2 LTE Capacity Expansion

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2

LTE Capacity Evaluation

RRU BBU3900

Air Interface RRU BBU S1 EPC

• Common Control Channel • UBBP & UMPT board •Transport
• RB • CPU load bandwidth
• Frequency bandwidth • Features

Focus of the LTE Capacity Management!

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 Enable the switch for automatically
PDCCH resources adjusting the number of PDCCH
symbols.

Enable the PRACH backoff algorithm or

PRACH resources the preamble multiplexing algorithm.

Evaluation
for radio
resources
Evaluate the PRB resources together
PRB resources
with other resources.

Number of UEs in
Optimize the UE inactivity timer
RRC connected
parameters or add carriers.
mode

CPU usage of the Add a baseband processing unit, or

baseband processing replace the original board with a board
unit that has higher specifications.

Replace the original main control board

CPU usage of the
Capacity with a board that has higher
main control board
specifications, or add an eNodeB.
evaluation

Evaluation
for device Paging capability Adjust the TAL.
resources

Analyze the signaling overheads of main

Signaling overhead networks to optimize the networks and
(CAPS) reduce the overheads or perform
capacity expansion.

Evaluation for the

license usage related
to the number of Expand the licenses.
users and traffic
volume

Transmission Expand the bandwidth configured for the

resource groups resource group.
Evaluation
for
transmissio
n resources
Expand the bandwidth configured by the
Ethernet ports
operator.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Hardware Resource Evaluation

Hardware Resource

 UMPT CPU Usage

 UBBP CPU Usage
 Paging Capability
 User Capacity Usage
 Usage of Throughput Lincense

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

UMPT CPU Usage
The CPU usage of the UMPT reflects the busy level of the eNodeB. If the
UMPT CPUs are busy processing control plane or user plane data, signaling-
related KPIs may deteriorate, and users may experience a low access
success rate, low E-RAB setup success rate, or high service drop rate.

Counters:
VS.BBUBoard.CPULoad.Mean
Percentage of times that the UMPT CPU usage reaches or exceeds (85%) =
VS.BBUBoard.CPULoad.CumulativeHighloadCount / Measurement period (in
the unit of second) / 5 x 100%

Suggested Measures:
VS.BBUBoard.CPULoad.Mean reaches or exceeds 60%.
The percentage of times that the main-control-board CPU usage
reaches or exceeds 85% is greater than or equal to 5%.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

UBBP CPU Usage
This capacity indicator measures the BBP CPU usage. If the eNodeB
receives too much traffic, the BBP CPU responsible for user plane processing
will be heavily loaded. As a result, the eNodeB will experience a low RRC
setup success rate, low E-RAB setup success rate, low handover success rate,
and high service drop rate.

Counters:
VS.BBUBoard.CPULoad.Mean
Percentage of times that the UMPT CPU usage reaches or exceeds (85%) =
VS.BBUBoard.CPULoad.CumulativeHighloadCount / Measurement period (in
the unit of second) / 5 x 100%

Suggested Measures:
VS.BBUBoard.CPULoad.Mean reaches or exceeds 60%.
The percentage of times that the main-control-board CPU usage
reaches or exceeds 85% is greater than or equal to 5%.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

UBBP CPU Usage
Suggestion:
replace it with the capacity enhanced board.

Add a baseband processing unit. If the radio resources are sufficient,

reallocate a cell with a heavy load from the existing baseband processing unit
to the new baseband processing unit.

If the eNodeB has multiple baseband processing units and one of them is
overloaded, reallocate cells from the overloaded baseband processing unit to
a baseband processing unit with a lighter load.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Paging Capability
The paging capability measure the usage of paging resources in a cell.
Paging messages may be discarded once they are beyond the cell paging
specifications, which will reduce the call completion rate.

Counters:
Percentage of paging messages received on the S1 interface =
L.Paging.S1.Rx / measurement period (in the unit of second) / Maximum
number of paging messages that can be processed per second x 100%

The paging capacity of the main control board in eRAN6.0 is 750 messages per
second.

Suggested Measures:
The percentage of paging messages received on the S1 interface
reaches or exceeds 60% for 3 days in a week

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Paging Capability
Suggestion:
 Adjust the TAC and reduce the tracking area list (TAL) to which the
congested cell belongs.

 Change the paging policies on the CN side by reducing the number of

retransmitted paging messages after paging failures, thereby reducing
signaling load.

 For a Huawei CN, enable the precise paging function.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 User Capacity Usage
When the number of users processed within a cell or by a board exceeds the
maximum number defined in the product specifications, network KPIs
deteriorate.
When the number of users processed by an eNodeB exceeds the maximum
number defined in the license, user admission failures.

Counters:
RRC connected user capacity usage of a board = ∑(L.Traffic.User.Avg) /
Maximum number of RRC connected users of a board x 100%

RRC connected user license usage of an eNodeB = ∑L.Traffic.User.Avg /

Number of licensed RRC connected users of an eNodeB x 100%
Suggested Measures:
If the RRC connected user capacity usage of UMPT reaches or exceeds 60%
for 3 days in a week, you are advised to take measures given in Main-
Control-Board CPU Usage.
If the RRC connected user capacity usage of a BBP reaches or exceeds 60%
for X days (three days by default) in a week, you are advised to take
measures given in Baseband-Processing-Unit CPU Usage.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Usage of Throughput License
This counter reflects the throughput of an eNodeB. When the throughput of
an eNodeB exceeds the licensed threshold, the eNodeB performs flow control,
and therefore affects user experience and customers' benefits.

Counters:
Usage of the throughput capacity license = Sum of the UL and DL
throughput/(Licensed throughput capacity x 3600)

Suggested Measures:
Capacity expansion is required when the usage of the throughput license is
greater than or equal to 80% during busy hours for 3 days within a week.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Radio Resource Evaluation

Radio Resource

 PDCCH Resource Usage

 PRACH Resource Usage
 PRB Usage

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 13

PDCCH Resource Usage
This capacity indicator measures the number of control channel elements
(CCEs) that can be used by the PDCCH. If the CCE usage is excessively high,
CCEs may fail to be allocated to the new UEs to be scheduled, which will
result in a long service delay and unsatisfactory user experience.
 The resource elements (REs) are shared by the PDCCH and PDSCH. If the
PDCCH uses too many REs, the REs available for PDSCH transmission
becomes fewer and thereby, affecting the transmission efficiency.
Counters:
CCE usage = (L.ChMeas.CCE.CommUsed + L.ChMeas.CCE.ULUsed +
L.ChMeas.CCE.DLUsed) / measurement period (in the unit of second) / 1000 /
Maximum number of PDCCH CCEs x 100%

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

PDCCH Resource Usage
How to determine Maximum number of PDCCH CCEs :
To query the value of PdcchSymNumSwitch, run the MML command LST
CELLPDCCHALGO. If the switch is set to on, the number of OFDM symbols
occupied by the PDCCH is 3. If the switch is set to off, run the LST
CELLPDCCHALGO command to query the value of InitPdcchSymNum.
To query the value of PhichResource, run the MML command LST
PHICHCFG

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

PDCCH Resource Usage
Suggestion:
If the CCE usage during busy hours reaches or exceeds 80% for 3 days in a
week, perform the following operations:
If the PDCCH Symbol Number Adjust Switch parameter value is Off, you are
advised to set this parameter to On by running the command
MOD CELLPDCCHALGO: LocalCellId=x, PdcchSymNumSwitch=ON;.
If the PDCCH Symbol Number Adjust Switch parameter value is On, you are
advised to:
1. Add cells or split existing cells.
2. Optimize RF performance to reduce the interference to PDCCH from
neighboring cells.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

PRACH Resource Usage
The physical random access channel (PRACH) transmits preambles during
random access procedures. Preamble is classified into contention preamble
and non-contention preamble.
PRACH performance can be measured using the following factors:
Conflict probability for contention-based preambles: When the conflict
probability reaches a certain extent, the access delay increases, severely
affecting user experience.
Assignment success rate for dedicated preambles: When the success rate
decreases to a certain extent, the handover delay increases, affecting user
experience.

Counters:
Conflict probability for contention-based preambles =
L.RA.UeRaInfoRspWithCon.Num / L.RA.UeRaInfoRsp.Num x 100%

Assignment success rate for dedicated preambles =

L.RA.Dedicate.PreambleAssign.Num / L.RA.Dedicate.PreambleReq.Num x100%

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

PRACH Resource Usage
Suggestion:
 If the conflict probability for contention-based preambles reaches or
exceeds 5% for 3 days in a week, enable the RACH adjustment algorithm by
running the command
MOD CELLALGOSWITCH: LocalCellId=x, RachAlgoSwitch=RachAdjSwitch-1.

 If the assignment success rate for dedicated preambles is less than 99% for
3 days in a week, enable the RACH resource adjustment algorithm and reuse
of dedicated PRACH preambles between UEs by running the command
MOD CELLALGOSWITCH: LocalCellId=x, RachAlgoSwitch=RachAdjSwitch-1,
RachAlgoSwitch=MaksIdxSwitch-1;.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

PRB Usage
Growing traffic leads to a continuous increase in PRB usage, and UE rates
decrease as an increasing number of UEs share the limited PRBs.
The PRB usage reflects the degree of bandwidth usage over the air interface
while the perceived-rate reflects user experience.
Monitoring the two items together can reflect user experience under a certain
bandwidth usage over the air interface.

Counters:
 Downlink PRB usage = L.ChMeas.PRB.DL.Used.Avg / L.ChMeas.PRB.DL.Avail
x 100%
 Downlink user-perceived rate (Mbit/s) = (L.Thrp.bits.DL - L.Thrp.bits.DL.LastTTI)
/ L.Thrp.Time.DL.RmvLastTTI / 1000

If the downlink PRB usage reaches or exceeds 70% and the downlink
user-perceived rate is smaller than a user-defined threshold (3 Mbit/s by
default) for 3 days in a week, need to optimize or expand the CELL.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Transmission Resource
Transmission Resource

 Transport Resource Group Bandwidth Usage

 Ethernet Port Bandwidth Usage

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 20

Transport Resource Group Bandwidth Usage
The transmission resource group that the user-plane data over the S1
interface belongs to is evaluated. When overload occurs, the eNodeB
performs flow control and discard packets, which will affect user experience.

Counters:
 Proportion of the average transmission rate to the configured bandwidth =
VS.RscGroup.TxMeanSpeed / Bandwidth configured for the transport resource
group x 100%
Proportion of the maximum transmission rate to the configured bandwidth =
VS.RscGroup.TxMaxSpeed / Bandwidth configured for the transport resource
group x 100%

The bandwidth configured for a transport resource group can be queried by

running the DSP RSCGRP command. In the command output, the value of
Tx Bandwidth is the bandwidth configured for the transport resource group.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Transport Resource Group Bandwidth Usage
Suggestion:
A transport resource group is congested if either of the following conditions is
met:
1. The proportion of the average transmission rate to the configured bandwidth
reaches or exceeds 80% for 3 days in a week.
2. The proportion of the maximum transmission rate to the configured
bandwidth reaches or exceeds 90% for 3 days in a week.

When a transport resource group is congested, you are advised to expand

the bandwidth of the transport resource group by running the MOD RSCGRP
command with the TXBW value set to a larger value.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Ethernet Port Bandwidth Usage
The traffic on the Ethernet port in an eNodeB is the channel traffic of the
physical layer, including uplink and downlink traffic. The traffic indicates the
throughput and communication quality of Ethernet ports on the transmission
board in an eNodeB.

Counters:
(Item 1) Proportion of the average uplink transmission rate to the allocated
bandwidth = VS.FEGE.TxMeanSpeed / Allocated bandwidth x 100%
(Item 2) Proportion of the maximum uplink transmission rate to the allocated
bandwidth = VS.FEGE.TxMaxSpeed / Allocated bandwidth x 100%
(Item 3) Proportion of the average downlink reception rate to the allocated
bandwidth = VS.FEGE.RxMeanSpeed / Allocated bandwidth x 100%
(Item 4) Proportion of the maximum downlink reception rate to the allocated
bandwidth = VS.FEGE.RxMaxSpeed / Allocated bandwidth x 100%

The maximum UL and DL rates of the UMPT are 600 Mbps and 900 Mbps
Item 1 & Item 3 > 70%
Item 2 & Item 4 > 85%

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Content

1 LTE Capacity Evaluation

2 LTE Capacity Expansion

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 24

 Extend
bandwidth

Share
Other
Loading

Capacity

Add
Add Sector
frequency

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 25

Share Loading by Nearby Site

Up tilt

Down tilt

Subscribes in this
area Share Loading
by Nearby Site

Adjust tilt(suggested),or add just RS power to change cover relation.

No need additional resource, Cell capacity keep the same, just sub transfer

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 26

 Add Sector

Split high loading

sector from 1 sector
to 2 sectors

Divide high Loading Cell, Decrease RS power,

Use narrow horizontal beam width antenna
Split the cells.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 27

Expand bandwidth

Action should take to reduce the interference between TDD and WiMax
For FDD no available frequency
Cell capacity doubled, network capacity doubled

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 28

Add frequency

F1 F1+F2

Parameters update
Need New frequency and should support by RRU
Sector capacity doubled and network capacity doubled

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 29

Thank you
www.huawei.com