AME 301 Review

• Final Exam is in this room (MHP 106) on

Thursday, December 9, 2010 at 2:00pm
• The 2 hour exam will consist of 5 questions
– Principle of Work and Energy (15 points)
– Principle of Impulse and Momentum (20 points)
– Rigid-body Kinematics (25 points)
– Rigid Body Kinetics (25 points)
– Mechanical Vibrations (15 points)
• If your final-exam score exceeds your overall
average, your grade will be based entirely on
your final-exam score
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 Newton’s Second Law
• Understand how to apply Newton’s Second
Law of Motion for a single particle, a system
of particles, a rigid body and a system of rigid
bodies
• For systems of particles and rigid bodies…
– the sum of the applied forces accelerates the
center of mass
– The sum of the applied moments yields rotation
about the center of mass

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Principle of Work and Energy
• The work done by a force is
dU = F ● dr
• The work done in going from State 1 to State 2
is equal to the change in kinetic energy…
U1-2 = T2 – T1
• If all forces acting are conservative, total
mechanical energy is conserved
E = T + V = constant
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Principle of Impulse and Momentum-1

• The Principle of Impulse and Momentum is

Imp1-2 = ∫ F dt
• For a direct central impact, momentum is
conserved and the impact relation is
vb' – va ' = e(va – vb)
where e is the coefficient of restitution
• e = 0 for a perfectly plastic impact and e = 1
for a perfectly elastic impact
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Principle of Impulse and Momentum-2

• For an unconstrained oblique central impact…

– Momentum is conserved along the line of impact
– Velocity components perpendicular to the line of impact are
unchanged
– The velocity components along the line of impact satisfy the
impact relation
• If the motion during the impact is constrained…
– Momentum is conserved in the direction dictated by the
constraint
– Velocity components perpendicular to the line of impact are
unchanged
– The velocity components along the line of impact satisfy the
impact relation
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 Rigid-Body Kinematics-1

• The velocity of Point B relative to Point A in a

rigid body is the sum of a translation and a
rotation…
vB = vA + ω x rB/A
• The trick is to determine the angular velocity, ω
– Some problems require repeated use of this equation
at several points

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 Rigid-Body Kinematics-2

• Some problems are most easily solved using

a rotating coordinate system
– The absolute velocity, v, is related to the velocity
seen by a rotating observer, v', is

v = v' + Ω x r
– For any vector A, the Coriolis Theorem
tells us that
dA/dt = d'A/dt + Ω x A

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 Rigid-Body Kinetics-1

• The basic equation of motion is Newton’s

Second Law
– Σ F = ma, where a is the acceleration of the
center of mass
– Σ M = [I]ω, where [I] is the inertia tensor
• The inertia tensor is especially simple in
its principal-axis system…the off-diagonal
terms are zero
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 Rigid-Body Kinetics-2
• It is often convenient to work in a coordinate
system whose origin lies at the center of mass
– Noninertial frame…must account for the frame’s
acceleration in order to apply Newton’s Second Law
• For some problems, the principal-axis system
may not be the optimum choice
• In this case, use the Parallel-Axis Theorem
• Kinetic energy for a rigid body is the sum of…
– Kinetic energy due to translation of its center of mass
– Kinetic energy of rotation about its center of mass
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 Mechanical Vibrations
• The most general equation for a linearized 1-D
analysis is
md2x/dt2 + cdx/dt + kx = f(t)
• The natural frequency, ωn, for an undamped
system is
ωn = ( k/m)½

• The critical damping coefficient, cc, is

cc = 2m ωn
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 Miscellaneous
• Take care of kinematical issues before
proceeding to the kinetics part of a problem
• Check all answers for dimensional correctness
• If you find yourself doing a massive amount of
algebra, you are doing something wrong!
• Explain your work in detail – be concise but not
sketchy
• If you’re out of time explain how you would
solve if you had more time

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