Altruism

Copy rig hted m ateri al
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t' _.'~

'~IID. '11 'N'" C.I ·.~·E·, ~T' , I: 10.:' 'N' I U"II' N ......• : I vz cR- S,',-_,' 'I"TII :y.,'.:.. '~"R-' 'E' ss

~ ,~. "~"._. "._. ,' . ...=...' I. ',._ •••• _ I • " I.E... .. "," _,J ,'[ ... '_, C· I .,,~J[~i3

P 1iJ: 'I"N' - C'~',T-i =:'0:-: ,'N":- ,~ '~N" .. '~ '1~i',W-"~' J-I '~- '. Q,'~',V

~l .' I • ~L . _' .. " ... _ III _.' ~ ", _ ~,I ~'~II[iJ.![~ II.


Puh\li-i'~~dI b:y' :I\:itu,;~e~ti, lJ~~,v~nl.tY' '~~5~ :P'lln~~I't, 'N,J.,

I' th U 'I( Ii' '~U-' ,. . p--c, Ce, 'iI!.,' iII." 'til" ifji

J:nL~CiL,.,_,~.,; 1 f,~!fi~C!ltO:m 1.'fi'lvcml'tj , ; :ftCSiS:!!o ·,'.,~!ii~ic~il:e!Ster~""c!Sf; :dlliiSRX:

-ruSHIN' [o,>'i{6'~:'''O(l,eO~'''7 (,~perba~dt ,ed~tiom)

l:S:B N 0,-69i1-0.721:,I-;O' ~~b!l;f-.dC'GV'~f: ed~jt~OiilJ)

:tee ,,8~"fJ~'3

'F:i'r~iIi P;r.ln,c~tom, :Pa,peribac'k, :pr.tiiijti~'j, t~18

P,i'i~:celoifi, U~iYe-'t,~~ty .f,~esj bo(!tb a:tC~ pr~!nl~ed,!i!)g ::I~ld~rliC:C~ papcf md :mc~t tlht'.i: ,1U_td~~n~5' for .pcnt!i;~nen()e Ind dluT:~bnity' :o:f tlie C~:mm:j;t:1:e:e on :~)udlnn, G~ld.ci:Un~s :ml" :Book Lo.~,n,~ '(if·'~'h~ [C~~~~, ,~~ :Li~r~ lb~uKei

[OI,lgii9il~my pU1b:ILshct1l :~'i:c, by C~arcinrl:on PR~u" Oxford P,lIin:~tdJ :im, rhC! O·rtii~d :Sitat~$ ,of' A,mctlcl,


~H-~-'E'll ~P·-'-O-llC::Q·I'·B··I·L·IT' I'V

~" " _~l .:_: :", 'U,~ ._ '"l., '[ :_ l.r_, •

O'r' :.r A'-,'L--:' -TI -, '1l1! iii '~i'I~I~"

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T' o

n- 'OC:,D"-I'C

... ···· .. ~_,[~l



'TC eu '11\.1'

..• ,iL.,.I.,

P"·O:'·:.·S~.TII-S·: .: "·,C(:R.··· '~. '~Ti I.

.. I •.. j, t • .I,,~' ,

- - - .

T-U[S1 'BOO:K.. d.e'elilds, the' tla:im, d:1i.3JJl [only o'bJe,c:t'~;¥e· r:eaS0115 ,Irre ltt::"" a·mltabIJe·- .I'nd ,t'hart 's['l!IIbJ":e~ti-~·:e 'l'elSlinS :I:ce '~elri::tlma~,e! afd~ 'iI' the'\!'

'-' . Jl"" .... -.~ "." ' .. _,. '-'. - ", .. , '.' -' VI.. , .. -- . '. ..f._ '-". 0'." - '. '.'>' 'I "" .' t

... -I .[1-- ..... - . ...JI-' .~ .. , ... ~ ,1', - '- ..••• :1-..',.- .... ,'." - '. -- '-'. ''ill ,-- .. -. -~ .. 'l. . ."'.-.'Ii., ,~'I!._ ul ,-.:!L,.-. ~ .. - .. "

[can IU~' YC!!n,¥~ ,1J.'JJ.iGlD [UQ!J'I~CUY~: ones. ,:Ii, ~IOW' ILn~n~ y~:alt hte :aJ'BU~[.J;'

_ r,·

- -,"

meal :a£t.'uaU., [eS:lZaihtiis:ftes ,3, di:lIer--erU, cQtntl'~I!Qn:: LTbat, there: ,aJ:H:;

[o:bj;ecti'v-e :r.;eamn5, ,c;o:r.l'I£spo:&d:iol r.o aU s'l;Jlb:je'Ot:i~.e, [one 5;. Tbj:!!;[ 'Ib, ~'~fI!"~'f' [...iI'_I· 'D' ~t·· '~m-:', ":nrJ-''ti' ~:'L.:a·.~ ~Il-~ 'i"i!i;.i!il~'""io.-ro,~, ~~ .'~e·· \,,:,'Il·l6;O;li'-~ijilj,e·· '1:[-' '~Ciilli·m:[:~·~'~;i!i, !I,I~JIL Ui,,"," . """. ,~,. r J' IIUt l~, [i!]!,!l ,I """aiiI!'Ul~ all: _ u!IJJi"";'1.r"-~·" .. ~ , . ,il".;,.,. . Rh.iIiiI!

:~:i:ble tlia,'l, tuC!' ot:i,gi,na.t rsuD[j~dv'e irt:'a'5(JD$· :fr.,'Om. 'w,lhd!m, the [o:lb,er~, a'r[~' ~Ile[,arlied retai'n SGme hu:te'f'Wili'lldlen.rt force 'Ind are 'not (;01110,,'

-_=-" ID~~'-" .-.!l_l •. - •. _- . 0. __ - •• - •. ".~. ,-_ •• 'r,"_'-' ~ -"" ... _I [_I I _ •. I _ .•. - .. \ .. 1

p:~eltely' s~'bsU!med '!Julcier '~bem., Wb:ilj;t li~es[ rise ~o' ,ii, ,paJJ,aUe'l. sy;Si"' 'I/em, O'f: ,ohje(:t.i¥e :r-e3lsons[ is 'lb.e need 'to avoiid '.oit:ii.~;ai.'ti,on'al dis,.., ~.~I~'''Ii'jt'I''O:·'11' 1f..:"",~,~.',WIi.~ ~'h-. ·'e·· ' 'n,piH"l'i-~~'~ ~-ift'..fI ·~.·i(lijifVli~""¥liI....,'11 ·-'~'~''''d'' ·.I~~~'·\",. ~P'I~',

~ !A. _ •.. ,IiI, 1i,I!C!Ii.",IIiilIlO;!I.I, 11>... ,r,._ .•. _v,u.RI, al.lliI. .1.IiII'L""'''' <:I',""iUIlliJ!. i!lI!lIl!lIII.liil!. 'r·-·~'lil'~~ ,uiUl!1Ii.

:ramul d'~5SOCi~.don, can be ~;",oldl~d wi~bou.'t [c('un,ple;teJ, su'bllf.-tU, ..


f'il 0""1"', 'S~'T ii:!!,C···. '- n 'I"P" -T' .

,~' '.:'_.[_' •.• :_____. I~ .•• J~,~= _'


'"1'\9':: ", '.

,x., Objective :R~asons

X!:~ SoIllpmm" 'DjSB~dadol1t"! ;a'ftd tal;: :Im'persoAal ;Smndip mD:t,

,nn ;:'¥'

Xl:II:1 [TItf) ~lIleficm Xl'I:!!' [CDnC~Eicnl.

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- . - - o· ..

'R1il.R·· T' :I'N·····"'~

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.I

l--c J' "'11[11'" ".iiiil .. <L ...... ~ 'a-' f"" ra.ti·'·,Oc _,19; 11 'W:fl'III';'''1i>m- jio'l'1ll'''1ij; OC' Iii'iII ... 'L.n-I'II£II''L.,jIi. ;iI,.'lJ...JijoI'¥io "lII[ ...... '

. [~ '. _1_.l~~1 ~ Ul~lll~, I .. "_. I~ . ''-IQ~ . ,.··.~~_:Il 1~;'~''''lg_l..Ill~. :.1 .; lc~~ll~~~ 1 .. ··.illl U~tQ'~~J_llli.'l U_lI~&-~ ~;l~

:ra'uomal RllJ1LIibemcnts. OQ. actloa, and ,ahr-msm. :is, OCQ;e~ Qf ·tlem~ 1:1lY 'book, dlf.n.ds. a [concepoon, of' etmcs, .. a;lld, a :r~la.'ted, Icono~ ,don. of :bltmlan :D!~t~f(t~, aCC(lXrdin.1 't',Q w'm,en Ic~r:t;a:iD bn.p~rta'DJt

,~~?~~. ~cl~'l~"sude _'~~'~o~al_ [~~~di_~o~,_~n ~d~,,~e~ an~_,ac~o~

iiI'IIr,L~:~1!r1 :..:Il~~~~jII!i. t"~,~ ".ll. ~ . .a;:II'1iiil'" ~ Il~il ~llI"Il~'J!iIilt iif"'( ! ... lljt. PI'I'111[iI!;m: .,',. A· } ili"1I"I11I.illim., [.1

n'J'_U~ U[~"'J""I'! ~ [1[lU;1I_UJ H UHtiHl~ 1.1 '~---:I y_ ... ~ill_I~II~i.II_1j I Wt I ~. _llly:iIrIiII. Ii [I I JIIIII._II. __ tQI __

itself de,penrl!s 00. a 'f.eoognitiom [Qf -the' rc'all-ty of IOdle!' persO'DS,

d "'.... ., .... 1 .,. rd ,'111(-' 'I

a'D [o.m iUlm: InUVWie:ltt [canaC~I[~' t'O[ lep[a:,--;:; o~iese"ll:' IS[ 'mie:ml~ 1011i!

- - - I. • -. _ • __ •• • '--:11 l. - _. - ... ', - "r- - - .. '!lP.l . -. J. ·al· -- - J •• - .', • ,'. - • _. ~ I - - J ••• 11' _.

indiw(blal ,amol'tgl man,:~

I [OOE;ceive' [ethics. as, a bratldi of :psycl(ll~,rY.~ :My claims IQQB'~

~.~ --::- ,~,~"" ':::--:, -~i-+-:::-,". Co -:; ,-. ;~, ... :'. ;.-~ ..... "-~,C, .• ·~·, '-1.:'-' ~":'.~. 'i4--';~ 'C-I','r," r~rb.···' -.~

,.,em, ll1ioO rD1!Illua,uODjil 0',[' UiLuma"", ,1E'ou,,\\!,iau.ODiWIi [UN. Sill' ,. [!.i. .~ Fe ....

q- '1'I;i.~:I'Ii'iIi. ··'~n·'''''': O"'f; 1I'!!,.i:.L·. "'.:'";r-... are ora' t' ·."O'n· al '~'llli;'I!\_I:Mi .. ·[ ;illliill'Idif.'e. ';'iIi" '''~'I·'lln.~ .. 'ai '.·b·· ·'!'-'i.·[I';j:. Jl!lil~&~_I-.-Ir"_. = ~LiJ. . '." [1Iir.,IU_.u~I. _JI'!I.iI .1.[ ,". _ !Ut I ~Q-' l"I'~-'_~_.I~iIHI=.L'-ill.~-~, I&~I Il~'.Lv·!I!LJiI~ ~_ ~ ~_~

,;i..,,'I!.. : ie ·m··~iIi~·'Ii~;~ , ... .;.;.,~ ;II!I'~b~~~it'Iii'~'nlrr .• ~ ~'iLl~'1jri'Ii; ·m·'[I~ll~iiII4t. ~~: ~H.""!i '1F.i!!·lbl~,"'_h·'·· .~ .... ~;i;~-.i'!"; -;~dl UiL~ , .. ".,.Li&'I! .... ,au.& ~!;.iIo .. ,1.111-1:1 .. 1Ii.i&~'"IC!I' !LU lIl-,iUi".IiU, . ~1Ii. ~ !!I,iI',II ... , .... ' _', .~1I;,i. ,:1.1" nn,,..U:II_,

'00 ImuD-ary' to 'reamn 'to iporle' [So it: 'mn8[t'h 's'hown t'balt SOlS"', eepdlb,m:ty·'~O[C~tw~-~~tivautio~;'[ .in·a!U~n~&s) ir~Qllidi:ll(g attrlk~~ .is, a mAdli'tioIl. of'r.,a;itiona'Uirty·,,Just: as ,'be: ,m:paa;ty· '~O ;acc..ep:t. certain~

'''11:--,' ······~l· ';'.'~",.:I"";~ --IC"',' ~-C'IC:,""- -:c·,·'·n ;0;._, ":'-h-;:c'" ,[:;-'b-c,;, "e b - ~ .. ·C":- .. ~~ .. ~" :-', ':C' 'f:" .... ;':" '." 1'1"-· [ .

U!l;COlC,tiCiU .arpm,~nf! g. tt.cQ:ug:. ,t to _6 a C--Dlb"illJJtln:m 0' .rabonalJuy~.

[Tht; vi;t;w' 'FI,fQo:t,nI here is o'"PO' se.d, :nat ,(J,~d,~ ·t~ ,ed'lricaJ. rela,lu:vlsm,

s: r'll I'

:U!S:~:aP;~ .. ~.~~~ I~at?:i '~~;::s,ar_;~~~~P~i1l,'~, ~~ .. l~~

____ J~I_ awer s~U . ...Dt-ertSt OL the ._gt:erat.~_ e may h~ppen m take

in [other tbi'D'~, and. IOthC!' ~.mom, Th~' aJ,tmmm wmdlt In DJiU' ft~

--_ .. -~- .... -----G~·---· .. _- .... lr·~·ll[ .. -- •. ~ - .. _-, .... -~ .. 1 '_- I . ~~'~'II L~_._ ..

·under.-Ies e~ is, DCJt 'to be! eQrdbsed with. glen,Halj~ed .atrKdD:ll

Crw ~'I1,.,e h[nllm'-I!"'.il~ ~I~--', jilt: ';111: '-D-~+: 'a~ ~ji:I;~1:~'if"'17 -

_,~ :UIJ_. _~lH_.~_ ~ &~!II' ~l~ .&IQi l _ v-~ .. lL~!!irIU_IG!II'


jll. T:;I'T'U""~' ·C· 'S' A"" ~f 'Ii' 'H~ (10'1 . ''l~' . .t. 'N' ..... 0,· '," 'i!jP I"V:·'·:'A':\ 'T. 'l1'O·'1;;,t'

, [~ _ "[~,.ilJ· ~ l .... ~ _ [~:, U [1'1,""' ·iL-nIHI .1 IR", ",' ~l • '," J'J J ,11-,·_.·[,,1

'Th~ jUS:tmrc3'tiion ,win .bave: nej:ther'valdli'ty ROt penu:gil"e1 force

,~t";iI;,t.,--~-, , .... ii1i;iWi'n..:::~iIi ,,,,,,~, 'RAj; ,~'II" ,of, ", .. ~., '1~iW'Ii.~:'''';:.A'I'iI':I~1 '*i:'i- ,~, ,',t... .... ~ ~~, ,'~'Ul l'-IHLtlIC [~~~rl~.J_1 [~~ . ':I;Vir. lLa. U~ '. ..... 1U1~, ,!lIMrUi/Iltll.UUi1j.ill IP.II! W,UUlll ~!ljil 11

addircued~ -

D,ne: em ,ampe a r,aooBal req,uirem.ent if one: failJ 'til m,_t itl C:()DmuOD in some w,aylO' 'Onm: ,is, tHen allow,s 'to 'beg loB'; and the

~~i~b~ ,p~lI~. :de,md 'OD,'tlC "end, :p~dplc:bBl which, the: partlcular Ilppi<:ation, of th,e :req,uircmmJt :i)Uom", That::primdple :may in 'tun :a:ppl, in vbtue: al',a ,s'rl~l :nmre ,pIlera'l

n~tft~p'll .. ','11'1;0 ~ .. _"L •• JOift_A:::~_ .. , _,_A ir" .. ;L,~ .. C'tw:!Ii~;:':_"'.-:Iii- ~;n.-t-·

1r:'&'''I~ ~:.-lr~~ : ~~.·Ji)ui..-J.I IlU-1Ul_IWJ";.' ~U~UU_j I~ ,~~, ~~ : -v*W~ ~L~ ~~~l_.

:rnec" ,acaPc: & api'A, :poallblc'., But at :some: :poHr!i, the' rettelt D'iJus't ~ to an end ': ODe' mU,t, ~ ,a 'req_Wlremenrt (it, 'need not 'be

,eoDdi~fQ~'~t~~"-~~-b.;~~- tth~:~~dgi~.:f~~,j[ ',~ ~~hl~'h

,it ,~",D01: poai~: t~ ',~~ -bY ~1Ii~I'Q.~his-;~bl1rat 'k,:s~,"~ i~~,t "~pl~'-'~ftbjl-~rt-m~th~d~U~' ~thj~,ji,it-[~b~"·---

1:1: is, also nliNN], 'to BIUlM! that;: th,e 'I!BlcqnDe ,oi"jWJdlica'tiOD, ,s'boldd rocu on dlese~ buic ,reC)),uiirmm., tb',UI 'yield •• ' ;ao

- iI;''Il..~: ...... _'1i - , 4< - ,-- - .'!';I;.L - - -I' ,~,~ ~ -- .... n. .. f -- t:i.on ... 1 b "" ... lri .... , ... · '1- - "", ~~ ~ ..... ,'t. -

euiJ:~ ¥1L'G,m, 'WlUIi, 'iCa:!; :Jro:D, :'iI!w~V,llic":M IIJi~.~" ·'.U~ m,~ ;31,

'pI'QIl,3!mtme, appean [doomed :&mn 'tile i!tart~ Pm" iI'we j[utiry ,a

:rtq,~'~~it'b~:I11,I~i~ma,[ora :p~!pft ib'lm-whit'b~du.t:H4w_~, :meat: :£oDowB,J[ per.:b~ps, 'Mdt tile; ,aid, ,of Iurt:Rer collmd~, Bu,t: tllat :primciplc lDUI't, iUelf :reprcsm:t a, rcquiRDlt:D1t:" or dR 'w:ba,t: :I!t, u ,aiI,druct!d 'm jlHtify WilnDl: 'be 'O.'i' 'Tb,U«OR ,asy' :nq,mr., :mCllllt, which, 'WC Id ,oo't to,jUItifJ' WIlno,t be ultimat~ ;~--I'

~~IA ~ ....!i£ ~'"',.. - ",,_!.....,..JIj ~

~,l'~.liLiU. J.wilca~n :d req~~


5

at,dtud,e5, 'w:blcb 'w'e are :DO'l;. rtqu"ir.,ed to, aeeept, '0,0, t.HC other hand."" t'he: nii,dtu)r-e; ,of ,lullman :m.O'tiiva,ti,onaI s'tructure as it, ~mm,

-.,. r- --[1'-'

of' ;iVlen oeMm: 'OODQC:ereQ m. certain ways 'wl'tb, acUQto, is, a 'very

!f=:r:!~:d~:~ ~t~=~=:::tioo

There arne; two, :possiib:ie' :p:ardu Q;Qlt (jf'tkts dlemma" wmeh are

~~= ;::~~:rol~~~w= :r:":;

:lQ, lit; OT [(b')1 one ma, :hold t'balt tAou,gh ,all :motiv,ad.CI'n involvu Icl~ejj :mme: ,desbes ,are, opeg, 'to rational ,j;l'ssessmen,t amd :n,ed, R~· ~:.., re~;rdedl limp' .... 'hI' ,g mYeD, mc'bnRltloas." I :shall 'ftl "l~~,

~.___!v ... ~ ~"·e~~"~··--· '~'-'1'~J' .- ;c.F""- ,-_. ,,_f. - -. [ _. -- _' F'~V.r-~¥

that 'tAe 'basil ,01 ethiles, in ,human moti,vadon, ,is ,sometkin,g 'DrDLer' tbn deme:;, 'bUit 'tIU! fac,mr wiD, itself enable us, tOI cd'tiicize: !Ocr, .. tain, dam, as, ooDtr,I'ry to pr,acu.eal rll~.on,!,

4~ DmrlaJl 'tha't: justl'lcatiJ,oll. Is 'the appropDa'te :6na), de[enc~ ,of

!~:::m::=~~:~;~~;::~:~~

init1dtiGmsm .. ,m believe 'that an ,uplo.'MDM call be: discovered rOt,

~~==~~=::!:~':ea!:::ac:!::i

:fQr«: ,appro.priat'e to, requirements: 'OB aedOD~, :Ps:rchololJ:,

~:!t.:~va!:e~=2:~~~:::i.;~:

'pears 'm involve radicaJ] chrtges m. 'what' iJ thGUlht· 'poalbJe fbT'

:~tck~~t..'~~ok;gj~~bi~~,~,do~ i~~cti;"I~'dhi~ '~~.~

:dlwi;~,~.iIl~'~J~~~:~th; ~trod~£ti~~ of met~ph~~~' O~e ,cioa'~ot ',~~dlBuUy mc~p'ed; 'to find,' -bt-'~d~~d~D, 'tke(Jl';'a'~,

:priDd!ples which, lend diemselva 'to iRt,ellPrd8Ja,OR ,as :nolma'tiVte

=:!J_~ar:!i~e!~~~ ~~~: o::;::-!

h . dt'" ~ .i;':1!... ,', fI"- ''Ii...:' 'k D'" '

mar .' ope tn ,~!IICt")¥m;' 'we liD·· uences '1.'0 'W'mC' '. 'men ~' I-~:' 'iect

:~d tI1!:'~patterm,:.to: ~mtb, ,thtit,'~~io~ &]b=Perha;',~~~

em." patterns ,~ :i~nlU!mcu 'w:bic"b, are nruJ,venal., But; the ,1:~iI, 'b't m.ue: m,Ult 'be monvia'tLufiaJ. :requir~me:n!tI 'b,

~~i§b~~:E::::::=


6; '1;, L'tH :[[OS[ A,N:D U:U M:AJN' :~frO'l"lV'A "r[ [O:N

:motivadon possesses fea,tu'[O:6S w'bic'b. il'[le SjUiSCeptn~.]e: '~O :nleta:pb.ysica'l h"j,~tst.a!Uoa ,and which ,ca'f,ry 5o;m~ :kind, w: :necamty l(thou.l'll ,this last requires e'lab()ra;t~ quaHfi,caUQfi) i The '~,~d, to

J:,-..l ---,a:::~i;i!On,.,1:V .c:..,._ 'n4,h!'"' .... A'iI.t!i;r.rnra'~ O't"A'Iiliftd, I'ii-IL'II!'" ,... ... ,1!..'~;i!Oe' h . "!!Ii[iII' n~m~ II_UUI. ,~Ugl~~~J!JU',i' JJ~~:~:lJlI :F~J:~rQ-It~l~o~~'~-1 ~~.'v~~'~;_' Jv\~~ [vUU~J I ~_:_.l ,F'.'~-~ :"E:~'

,'=-~ ,~\,=- 1- '::-y-~;1,. ~n'~ :~~.-~ --li rE~"'~,I:-lfieSi but. :[brtUD3,tt'ibt, the_~-t: -IS"" illd~.

L~U "",lilfe !S'eareu ,lo:r SillC~ ~ _g.",UL ~~,~ - - - - ~ - - ----- - --r __ ~ ~ _

perule:nt support: (Ul' t'htJ;r aiste:nce~

~ ,Mt wiI. :lQ~ any' [case. DOt ,lih, eo :r-est 'I.e :mou,Yif'ti.onal :lnfl,u~nc~ of' etbical. mnndma.uol1S[ on, fi.')FtIUi:t'ollls[ C!Kr GSca:pa.\b~e in,el;naJt1DflS,., Theil" :bold [OllUI, 'mUist~ be deep, amd j;t :mus[t be [w.m'liaU, deli 'to the etbicaJ, 'princl,pies, t'hemseb~~,[ a;nd, to[ dl!t~, ,oondi'uQI\S'Qf t'h.e~r *[u,1I'b~, [Tbe al!t'l'rnadVI~ is to ,i\oondon 'tke~ o'~jec!ttvlty' [0-£ edda4' [That: :i9, a 'CSIIJ;rse: 'w:hicb, [ca'Q'IlDt, be. [e-x.'CI,Jj,dedi, :bil. :ad!mce'~ bUlt ,lit :!hou~d :not be 'ta'~eft hfo,n~: :serious :a'titem:pts, 'to fescue: the' !u,b .. ,

jec1t 'ba~e' r.Iled~, -


II

r, Tbe: names ,: ~nt'ernaliiSim:JJ and, "'ex:t'.~r,DaJ';sm,' m,a:vt bem '~, 'to desilPla,t-C two views ,of t'he~ re.laoom 'be:tW~CR ethifs, md, man·] vatiOQ~,l Ia't'enilaUism, is 'the view' that de 'presence' ,of,a, :motiva'tion, ['or ,adiP~ :m.gral" is, ,p.ar.an,teed by me: 'tFnU. [of eU~,dtal, 'pmpoti, ..

tio -5 t,L~':""" __ ~I!I!!'~' ~O' "'"""D t:L,ii1o "'~ "",.',H' ,t,j.",.g; 'm' - ~ 'l'iiif~'!iiii'''iIi ':;:Fiitm 'm~ ~ ''I:iIi;et' 'i..jii!, ,I!;' ,.,:l;;.;i 'In _._; ~ \&1:.'1 1·_lil.I~~;·"·~~J ".:._:. J[, , i ~1_l_II_1IiI! ··t· .. [~·~.r· .·_~:lt,;;~ [1:;1 rVlIJ._~·~·[MjUcVllJ_IJ [.~ :11"'_~l . !U~ ~ ILL~-U . 'I~

't:&e tn~.'t'll~ or ,meuiOli, of' ethical, fs'ta!t!emelllts, dla't: 'wben, iJll a :particiular [case: ilomoon[e' is (ar' per'haps, 'm[trehr 'beJiev,es t'halt be :is.) 'morally req,mr~d. 'to do ;somet'mng, l,t fbJJJOM tbat. he: :has a" m;ou.vtj'UQO, fOf' d~jng :it., E'x:~cf,fialism :holds,~ Orl, the odl-ef.' ha'~l!();, t'balt, th~ llicoessary :modv:atioD, is :~Olt :su:ppU~d 'byetlidcoa], pr,inci:ples

"'i"Fi;,.J ,..~ ~ d' C' Illliti-*'", , .. ,bA_"';iIli;~~',," -~, 'i!i,'~~ d that "j;-iii'i,- ..Ji ..:l~:t-~:ii"ii'i'!i,,-11 'f"I.iii:V ....... '1i.."""I'Ii"""'iri .... '-".ii'1 @!.I!~u,JlIr:_;~'-~ ... nrs ~1~,~~:~~!;;.!lVleSi;i1i ~fli~_ ll-U;~_l" i~!I!:'; aU,~II4Vl~~~, r .. -iUl~~,'Ii,.[r-~,""Qil

", '" ~ ~ I,..], - - I' '1'" ~ 'm' •.• :I!:

:sa:n(;uo:n, :IS r,e:q1U,~eu to motivate [OIU" com'!puan£-.e~ ,E;.iX'~~r,DWJsm,

:is com'Jpa,dbb!: ~ilth D, v,a:n.et1 'Of 'Y,tCW8 a,bo~t tJl[t, :m,~dv,a,tign :fgiF' bei-ll(B' :morat" ,m t Is [even oompa,dble w,hb, t'be 'vl[ew' ~'b:a't: ,SUCH

iii Iii iii] ..... ,If 'I I. Iii

a :m,()UV,Bltion, :is ww,a:ys p:F~seillt-;so ,lo~1 as .us 'p(li~SlenC!l .11 :not

[i!tiil!Man1ie~d '~:~ :mOF.31 '~U.d[-;~I:~:,:ef:iJU, 't'b.em·~lelv{es, clrict h~I~''''Olmf!1t'bmi!r ~ .... ~~ ~~~~ He_ ~,7 ~~~ ~ ~~~ JI ~~ ~~:gnL~ - ~-~ ~ ~~JL~ ~ ~~,' ~ u~ ~Hr s~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~,

mli:ltl@:Nal 1;0 ethic_s.~ The prese:8,'t, d~SCUS!l~Oll att\f,:m:p~5 tD ,e:o:n&>tru(::j!:

tbe 'b~s [of 8:11, :;'n;t~l",na!l'ist, pnsirio(('iM,~ , ,

'I;'--=-I';';iIi~~~~·,-:-_'I~:-,Ii?~' 'i!i.'~n,~;,,,"}1 *"""' :'Ie-: ,,..;;: .... ~'~l~ ,j.'\fI:"iI;diil!' ""1',,: C~~-O"': ;I;~> ~,c['iIi~""'--:- ~ ~-"l'if'

,,--·g~lI;:;mau;s~:s ~,IF",!F"e~ l,~ v,a~,;liYU!5 ~'iF~~ 'Y',J m" ,Y.v~g.y,D ~ '~IIieIi,'"

:ioteres:t" fyRlJp@,th,y, benevo:~,mceJ even ~ the amo1:pho'usly le~erWl,

,ji; a'p- nI!'A'I!,~[ll:1i ri'1i;f ii, HI!"'A a. .,ti,tn,..1I .... ", 'E'''IfQri! ;g;'Il1WlIAiti'lfiiciNII ean be ~A,Ii"I'nf;"d~1 <'!'Il~

'~,I_rlli"'!o;!"tW, ~",- f.~,'W:-tHI',,J,,,;_[~g~" ~ =--!1~.1,,",~_ ~1Ac1!~' J.'~: ... "'lu!lI, ""':I'IL...' u .... , ~'H.";l!;:~,,",<'= ~,

an bl't,e.:r,nabst: ,pmi.'tiOD lot sorts,,. :m tbe ci>ndltlons w,:h1dh :int.er",

~~ ... ,:~:: .. -- places .i"i;ii'i, ,t,f,.'d ""'i!'Ilf-i!li''i"i~;'''''''''''~ii''ii" o--f:' tbe 'm'" ii"ii:t~:Ijj:'"'1i'+~Aii'i'''.i'l .t''.io,i,''.iI''i.-'t'I D~j~-~, ,I ~ ~_a~C~:~1 u,~~. "~.Ii-~t~ ~~,~~-ul~~-~u~,~, [~~ ~ ~_:~~ ~-~-_!U{W,v-·~~~:.q,~:,hA~-_:, ~~~v.~:l

'il'iie~·ii:..4 n ~i'; be 'V#I"V n~~~[i7Arf'iL'~u-I.-,i;j' In'f',pl'na]jli!!m:~[li!! appeal .lAriV1e's' 'mii"ii]'h

.I,L·: .... ,U 1_IWilr. _.1 ..... , ·~:L~~i· ._I"~V~V'.~~~J ~l""!~'~IIir.I-._:,~~~~~-'_~~= __ L, [~ M1r,I:.· I.~~ , u.'!\r.~,:_:'._':'.:~.' ,_:~,~~I~=_,

,tbe OOl1i.ft.cti~n ,tha:t [one cao.]l,ot aC'Cie.plt o:r asCl:t ,SiE,(icrely' :aDiy

ethical :pra:posi;tio;n 'vn:t'hO]l,'t, aecc~ptbl;g at leas;f~ a :prim"a, facie :motlvartio;n for' ;acnon, in. aeeerdanee MJth lJt~ 'bilmop:bers, w:ho believe tba:t ther-e Js ~iO 'r-oom fQf rad,ona'[ ;ass~ssmf:n,t (if the' DaDe; spr.~p or mo:ti"N~"ti()n, ~U, 'tCfl,g :to' be' ifitema'lists" bUit lit the cost


8 ST'H,lO,S, ,A,N,D HU:M:A,N' MOTI:V'A'TI:ON'

o("a"han.Qomlltg c'laims tu moral o'~jecti,vilty'j I01TIU~ Waif' 'm d.o tMs is tOI 'bnUd mauv;anona'l ,con'tent :in;to tih,f: :meamo,g 'Of IctW.cal iaMemOM by ,t~llr.niRg' them int-o explt:ssions of 8l ,~peciatl SUIt ~r ]jD~d);nati~n.J' apptopria,t-e' ,01111" willen. t~hajt inclbll!tilOll .is present, ,a;ud, :roo:ted: Il)n~,y ;[-p tine m.on~,aftllnm, of' .h.e sp~a&.~-'f·~ 'T.b~' F~Sltd:t i~ :8, bas~cally' a'n'u,'""r,ati,o~;al ,ethllcal. thool1":~ :ha:,v.hl\K as hs fomBeJJa,tlon.

a ""~~'II""i"~;lj~i"'I-' .ii·'D·; .. ,t~-'aj;j;o···iI'jii J."' ... 'I!~'iH'cr ,., ... ..,., desire ':I-''b.'9 ,,.. tlli1i dw"c -1-p.'IV' uii .. 'j'@I!'Ii, __ , ~~~~ul'-~J..~,~J.._J ,._.~~!l_.iU' ~ \l..iI.~ l'~~iY\~:, lI!7~, Y,·!; ... ;:!:_-,~_ UlIgil,.. .Ii.OJ. ,OJ..III, ,I "Lot ,ai",T~Ii"'.

('tkGU(g;n ehe l.l!l.pers!tJ:Ucture :may- 'be c'haraa,~ri7)ed, 'b:f ,a, biSh.

~~~~e .~rr~~~~~~ ~.~~l~'~~a~}'~l~:~~~a,~o~~l~~~;~~n.t.~,tftereby·

ned, to tb,e wleam_n;g' ,of eliWcw;, "dtrT;tfIJ.G~WRaJt 'I'M :5,ped~r :m~aDS,

~r ,ex,plr-eqe_5-=f;atAer thu ,to t'be 'tn~;th conmoom, ,of 'thQR: 'Il'tJtera'D!OH" '''ihien are left vagRe Qf nOJ], .. e:dste'nt"

A ~s'tmngef' posi'UOD; 'oae 'w'melt des 'the' RtOD.l',il,tlOD, 'to 'the:

"'o~iiti·'uiili!. C-'ll'li'''~I!'Ii'.' it1iiif--: ~ .. ;ll.l,·:.,.._ll ..... 11~,;:1I'II'Ii~ '~'m'~r'''iBl '1-'1i.· .. 'nt\Clit--~,~11"'.i'~""""H' hr": ~ .. ~ 'D,[';~J - ;.",1W [·_·.-~tl"~til'~"J Ut I] ~!ljul_"_ J~jU~ '~I_u._~:I_~, [~-.~_". I ~ I,i~~ .~~ll~ ,~~~,~~·lY.;~\U ~v~'

:m~dv,a!lil.oll'al :iRftu,~-nlces, which (Ul~ 'ClllU10it :rejec,t 'Olllce: Onc be-

:aO::.::::~~~~,rt: ::::::DI::n::::::uWZ

'of an, et1lrltal ,claim wiU have tcD' accept 'the C1lffeSpondim-r :mouv,a,!uo:lltl'



:101 ,:I,T',RI 'C,5, A,NI) H,UM:A'N' :Y'O'T,rV',A,'T,10,Nl

, .. ~ 'The mOlt ,infhleoJtial, ,DDJd. ... ndoma'i ,i'Dt~maJ).t, ,ils 01' lcou'ae H'Um!~, 'The motiva;nonaJ, bam of ,his ethkaJ 31YSiterm ii, weaker ,lIId ,1m ,~l~~ly' defined t'ba.R malt oI'HQ';b:~~ ,.~e I)',mpa;my' (lalter ,pner,al 'benevolence)" dle :s,pedn~ny m.oml m,otivadoD1 reqllir.es bu,ttrtsslng by :seif:"]n,tl!rcs;t Jif'.it :;s, to be s'u,lldm,t'iy' pG,weriul to "eRst ,mntrary' e'lai.ms st'em'min,g :from, self~:i"nlt~res:t rurecUy,~ lut he does, :ma'k;,e~ ,e~p~lcit Bn, extr-em,~my' ;aUractlve dlJ~ ~" ~,:' ,of the' ;!:~ ~'sffica.ti0n .c .. r aCDOD 'w'Otch A'as had enorm~u

I, _" eOifJ,,~' ',,_~:,' JUL~_- _~,~-_,~,_-, :~, ~_".",L_ ~J"," L,_~,~,_, '-_ ~~. '_'_:_~"_, ',.c,_,_:,~,_~,,~,.,_~~

le"~it on ,~t'blcru, t,&eory'~ The view is that WIl,Y jlllsd6Atad~OIl, mJUst ,a',ppeal eo I'll :blctina'ti,on, D, the: ~n.dli,Y,~d'ua], to 'w:hom, ~:t ,is o.uCid:j ,and 'that taf; jiU!stUl!cad,0D pFoceed)s by drawing' 'tml'lltctlom be-

L ~ ~ ..11" "'.;1 ,i,,1J,. '-b'" f 1l..1f;.:J' '., , 1l..~: ,,'II..

tweeD, tnat. :i'nc'Ii:na'U,Q;n, ,anu, Q,uter tl: li'O-19 \notaOJ':l' aeUtll'ili!'J wJJ_YJ,e.'J_l

;I!i'_,','_' -, ,'''', , ,;iIi;i'!iI~I'~:' to t,'li~ 8'a,lI'·i~io:I;lj['Iii;'o::",n", 'T',- -'"bliillt 'l·.'n,;;.Xm""" a"'I;~An.' ""~"'~I!!;D: '~"~,;,:,;,""C.fl,m-:,iIi!;;ij'

[A~ ~ ~.~.~~-p;_I~1 ~- . Jji~ ~ , 2i.lL~"_;&l -. _ Ail I, _ ~~, I __ Ilr.JL .III._&-u, _ I lL-_IIlIlr __ I 1~:V _ _ !Iiri:;I!


'iiiri,i'i"P"""·Uty. I. :iiD ·S • ...:;i!OiI··!1yr. 11~'*\'I'!I;:::;li"~,J A·D·if.· J~1Ul' . b·~lc:lii'>a~. ·~:·Oc, ·n~· Ji!,iI'Ii,~IS" ,£:'I!"Ii." ........ ··.nl· ·.·Ir· ',' 'W' ",'l~":iL "~ilc~[i:LD,. ' . . &q. I .~,""~. 11.'. .a1&UleU.. : I I '. " I. -II"-·u,,. I ,..&a-rU _' m:I . .l:itlU".' I '-.. ·1l.1:1l,

tbe rauoualllY' ,P,aitmitous prance of' 'the leDlo:tlom of IJDlpadIY:;

iC*'L.9:t· ,..,..n·"·...I~I..:::oC"·'" ''I!U"~. 'D· "'Af; met fin· if:!; "1lI,u·p ... t..11 !ii~·m·-"n1v il'-O'!liil',jiiI; '0·" n '~amn"" ~ lUI1Mj,_~,~, rU_ilU "1&.11. '!I!,,·~'II111W1 [ _ I~-" lI_ti'~1 Y _ ~: ·1!l'l~~LU.U, 1IiIl __ I~ .r1:l-j• Jll_I_u.·"'I~: [I _ l_V l&'~-. _I . 1,,1 _ 1

.j"i"l" 'r-."", ~;ft'-""I" NL"C:~ .. ~ '1~4[ m"'I"la-r'1(' '10;"1;- ;:t~c~".t··.· .t~·nln~P! Ko:"m"11 H~: ,·'iI~'i"llllliiio'jlS-. f .... ·""'1i'V' ~f;:

~";.t~:~m~~bili;~;;pa~Yis .• a~e~!ait

of Iall bcimgs wb.o can think aoo1!lt tbe r:oonr.t;p. ,m Ot1lI~ts. ' But he

,~loes not. ,a:p;pear 10 Ileoognbe t'ha<t.lIU, ps,yt;hological. fact-Of has :libis Italtu ;:~sO far :0 'be :ia eeneerned 'the icJlfice rofel'hies, r<@SH ,om. a 'Ii'1L'II!tN:""balom:.,.",,:'1 ""And~rn;;'l;:"'- In the lease IAf H,n,~'~~1 "''til'' Jp.~:: .. ,nrf'

r"'J"""~= ~.:_ I~,",~' ,,",v·~ c._:.'_ .. ",",,'--)!"". ~ .. ~'~~ 'kc~.c· .~ .... ~~ .... ' v~· ~c_.'I;;I' U~Ji 'IIL~"" ~'.,iV"", 'Y.~ .

. If~.~aj,y be:1lb~I;,b,t:mm~~ba'C ,clQSC:,r to~belD. ·1, ~e~tua~r,. mQU,ve. :[01\' bUfnam beml8~. ,1:.'1 :51111 ·taC· mou·.va.'UonallJ. basiS, :m, prtor tOI and jjmde~de:R~' I ~f'~~,;,: ' ~ th~:,a1-~~-." ;"; II'. which [,..1;erl. :~.;-: ,6 "·:'rn ':';It". A 1:C" U~Jt;.e , '" "".lr"' ........... -----~. Q-, UiliC Cl_tL_.IJ3"em "~----' u __ ._VeI ,_.ro~._ ,:L~ ~~. C:I!.,,_'IiI-

differeat mrt [of t'i'l.eoq would be Recamty t'G alter that lelaJuan. or 'nri;~,~v"

.~., ' ,lr~'~~'~'II"[1i


UII: ;I'TRECS A:N'D :H'lJlU'A:N :M'O'T:~:'V'ATl:I:'O,N1'

't'Ralt need Rot 'be' :set,tled here, W,e' m'us(, t'r,' t-G, U.n(lenta:md, :ltmt't.:1 eft'terprue;.

A hyport'htdca'l :lmpe~adve :b;, tRe only :U'IlJ.d 'which. ,H:'w;me R~' O'ard~ ,~I~, 'nne~lbi;lli' II ,t~: ra'~a' " • .illi:iI! w"':""'t~, B," ", ,ai\'r:.~ d';;illil!~i~ 'n~~'d: ,;lliilli ~'D, ' . ., wi"~l

'D'-~ --.:!I ~ r ............. ---~"",,' '", , !iJ;~, _ JI.~ '~~ Jiilg" '"" e-'"' Y\;oc ... _iI ,~-!I," Ire" ""I'<II! ,'!O;o_~ cu, _ ~ ~~' =w'

a :mon,vaboJ}, 'to d:o, and, ,Ji!t app]~eS IOmli,,. if Qru~'; ~ is :su'tdecit to, t'bat,

,dam~ The' desire i6ellf:m D.Ort ,commanded], by tbe :bn;pera!d.ft'~, CbllSGquln,d,,' :D,o ,h,ypomtlrtlad lm:pG['a'li¥~ eaa 'sta't:e a'D 'dDwn ... ditio'llal 'requlirement 011, ,aetiuD" ' ,

,K;a'Q1tt.;s le«oTt 'm :prod,uee: a ,m'teogoricaJ, ,~m:pcf.,a;ttve is, III a'trtem:pt t-o, <Uscov,e:r' ,reqYlllre.eJl'u on ~ ac1ll&m. 'w:hicll ,~, ',. 't-o, :3" mm ,o,l'fl 'U]' conditio:ns, :a'MlllI: what ,he' wa'n'ta", ,ib.-'l)W ,he' "tells", ,de:" They' :rrrulDt: :ll"e:~lfhI!Jw be, :req'mi]1em~nib w'~ 'v,aBility, mVObjlU, die eapacl;t,y to be 'mog,va;t'm i:n lae~o~dallce! wiltb, mem ... , ,I~n~ malt D1ttd,vationWl '[acto!' ,ca'n~nOjt. 'COtMe ([10m a pm,upplRd :mo,ti), ... 'vadon, w'M. is, madie a iCO\lld~don ,or 'the: f\eq,ui'remmts~, lit ,m'u'lt't if ,~/t is, to, ,_t at ,dI~ ,come :&om, t'h,l!~ 'tqmr,~menjts flemsmlves., 'Tiha't: iI,~, vibat, mala 'the~ Rql[lifemen,_ vatid :for us :mult: ,~ltseiJl' ,~ltt~FiWD,e ,tHe: ,ca'rpaelty, of oUir ~mad'vat;Dl'l;a'l :SEnlctue '10 yield CO];\~ :~~~_g actio~i. :nwSJ,' ,~~~rdjDg' to -Ka'~t., ethIcs 'I [,ai1tt~f'- 'tl'a'~ ;a:ppy-opria;dng an :aD;t~tedeFi,tl,. cOlnpr.-eh,emi:b1e motiv,3'!t:i),om;al mu:ndation, Oil 'w'mth ,to buiJld i,m, .mq,mr-eme:nts,1 :actllla'Uy un""

I.'IAIIi;r,,._ a _ii!'iIi~'IIiiI!~'~_ ~'~ 's"-"'''''*''''''- ,=" ~L,:::C~'Il., ~;!II' 'i::'_ ... ,~t=,,",,, ... 11~~= .. 1;,'Ii..:: __ 11 a' 'ii'Ii;.I ~_~'~'~~-,gJ :·~~I H-I-~u':¥',~UUj!~l~ ;~.'U:_!llAl~_~U~~ ~W\lglc·:1J ,~l ~~~_ ... ~:~y ~-UUJ-~ I~~UU

'wbieb ,is 'DpwRcd, by ~l" 'WBat exp]aias tnl1,H; :r«l,uimiil ,meu/tI,l :I,t D, tile' comceptioD, of ounelva all &ee whiCh, :bLe a11~.., 'to 'be du: souce ,of our a,c~eptaa~e o;fthe,impcra'D,ves of':mDra1litY:~1 aad ·U: is, the aecqbmcl of t'b£ bup«raruva dUH poumlecJJ by ,;hic:h ~emcplainllllr.md,:rn~~,~,d~~i,T,bis, :u :m~~~~:Il~t"a

m~ ~ ...... ..:::ua-'..:on-1i . _.,.'ft11~'-'''''.~~;o:n ~H""''' ~~ftilli"-ad-I -I! ,-- ~.c~_I' tiili.... "'f~: ""',t,.,,. ~lUll .. ,:, _ :~.~ ~ _~ ~r-.-~~~.~ .I!J! ;~~~: ~~~~', J.:" , u.-l ur~~ ,_,': .~ [U-:, '~ll~

monv,a'JDona\l, IJlt;4!m,;, b: ~p'labuJ, ene of',~JtJ, 'flmda.m,tD:tal :£~artI!JiRll",


'~"~H'I" ,I,,',~,

:I: '", The ,~U~ of 'orion,tv' betwe~n e1!bics ,a;tnd. :m,."ti~,adOll t'beot"V

. .. ~ ~ -.,~ ~~ ~ - ,r- - - -~,1' .~ - ... - ~ ~'~ - ~~-~ .. - ~.~~ ~- -~- ," ~~ - ~~,~" -- ,-- - """,1

is for' :;l;U, ~nt'er'fialkt~ of (!.f,iucl;a.l im,potrta:rn,ce;" The ""sid,oll 'which J. ~-I~ all .J iI!lriillol'!i!d,'; '~~m","b):""ts. th ,a, ',t' 'iI"iIlf" 'K,'<' <!!Ii,"'"'iii 'I" in: ''',j/P,O' I '1:"~.'p,ii!!!""iPiIIi,": ~~'II\",e,'ii!' ~ '~'iii n~",

~H_I:: I U~~kll~II,. . III. ~':"~~~ ~ . J ~ -I~ _ "iL ~ -. _ I. ,v , [ 'l M:"_ildl~'J"': ~,L'I' Ii, ~.;I! .. ~~~ ~ [.I~ [1:11 ~ ~'l III.!I!!-J Ir\~' ~

"'dl f" w'~ I .. ~ 'm~ h d I

""'1":' fI!I!!!I' a,'I'II' o'.Ilil.t"\ii'",jl"fIIll~'II:'Ii.' ;ii"iIi r ,;iii 'I 'i'oiI""O'.i,: '!l:""'riiJl11!ii'ii'ili'!o'.Ilii.~I:":"H ,,"ii;~,' CliI'"'l , ,'~ 'ii'i' .... * '~iiIi, V ,j"i;iIi!!i;

~, ... _~~ '~~~!I _""!IiP.lrW~ldl!,~I~ V!_., !liP.-l .. ~·_:~~~-_· ,'h&!l~~l'Jgl"'.!IPlj","\~1 ''Rlr_~,_~_:_> ,:,,'~~:~I ~,I!UI~, 1!,~:~i[1 u\~lI.

fi-b' ~-C-~I' '~-i'~,C;"iIi'~'~ ~, ':-"'it"-"it' ~" "~""':'~;~". (i!i"',:"1 """,1 t::"~,~,,:,,.' ,j. '-I'!I,' _':I'~",,-,:," ;':, :-;i"iIO' me _SUm,,,,,yon. U13,I. a, In,O,u Va.~JiOill~, laue;,:o;[ liS w]'tea~,'\\" ~[eSi!I:.fi,,,

[r' J.' [rl

a' ',m' ",",inl'" ~;h',;iI!!o ~<~ "";'~:"'IM,;P: ' o"r a ,~fV 'ln' """"'II"3",~ ''''ii!!in'l "~'rill!m- ',iII!Hl,jj> 0, ','-'," HI ,jjo:h', ~'" 'Ul",iII!'!Ili,' j'b' ,,~, 1 _ ,1 v..~~a, [" .~j [1.!-vflUildl!fW,I.':-Y1 [.~ ,_ il,;1 t ,I. ~ ,UI.I". '.1 ~,IIi.r.'i ~~ ,llli,r. ; I~ _'IIi.r."'~,!I!I!Ii .. '~ _.1.1, "" __ ~ _ ~I L!If' ~'!I!" 1!1!:' ~ ~

possi'bUhy ,of a:p'1~r01Pria,te: :motiva\ti,~'n. m,ust be guaranteed. 'by

t~~'e:: '~'II'Ult';',~ ~f the ~m-,~.or:r-~111 c. :l~ a.'~'mi, II 1" ~~~'lf,;_"b~ ~~'llt, ' ~~,;i'ill;' ~""'''''~Q;'II'';~ ,~'b~l~ ~""'~~~~i""Ii,"'o;i!l!'

_1_1 .. 1'_11. _ I. _Il_' u..i, __ : "-r. , __ rV;~1 g._1 _g_~_ I [IL.;J!!\.r..WI~ [. [LI. I iI"\~!i !llJ.!v~'IWI_~ .. __ ~ ~~_~I'j"""I::II\r.~


iii,.,

[i""i ... ...,ai. .....,+~cal n~'I!iIi"" ;r;ln~., l'!Ii,~ , .. ;~""!iPIi'[Ii.~t~Iir;~, ,:nPO'i~'i~"':"i<~;iI!, ~I'"

~l~~_.~.~ ,'_'lUJJL ,. __ . r~ll~-It""_ lr.~-~1iI! H"'~ U_'~I~I{~-,..I'T·~~ Ir·I.Y.I1r··~-~~~~ VI

MOtl.va'UOn. dl~OlY SO, fbnd.:a'mentaJ, tba,t they cannot: 'be dedve.d

'&.om [~' d~~'~~-~ :~'-~ ,t\~-~.- - ';',-, ['~'r' ,-,~,-~, ~< ,u"111::-,-,--Ai-~.--",."._"..~--:-:;-'"t[va'd~,~~, -,,~'--_, au_:__glD!C~, lnf:l".ms, 0;, pl"e'ftuu~,y BOu!lI1i,,,U\,;J.U. mo~---,,_,~_,~~_OL''--S'4'

'-n--- ~jiiI;, 'p,'~'I"Ii, ... ;'n'IAe' .In#It'''~(':V 'iL'!'!L~i;~ '''-':'!Ii;,e"""'1:1' "'[ ,~~, 'al"~~io ... Il!' ,t'';'''IU' in,,:J!i' ~~iI"i'i'!Ii

~,.-=--.-\.I!~~ I 1·'.l'I._.~IIi.!!lllr-l~ . 'r·-~JI=L:~ [[I,~'n' [a~,iQI.J-v.tlnI.QI lit v .... ] _~IU_ .. ~_~ I!lV_.-Wj·"" Il~Vt"_~ll

,c£na:i.m [F:,¥C-dR 'condinoruh. Tine '('ney' 4tfou' mou,'1ationid :poW,~ hiUul:s 'ratker main pTesu'pposlm--l' 'tl~m Cnnseqljf:nH:, t'hel iDal

u'nde~~'~d1i'n~ '-~r~,~~;i'~Ln ,I~oti,~~'t~~' by' "·th~~~';~r.~~~~s:~m~~'b~

'c:lbiicat To 'tuidm'ta'nd the' monvatiO;il 'we; iil'ust, untlemtattd BOW' ;t'b.e edu.cal :princl,le: govemcS 'USi

'The: :socO;lld 'way' in 'Yill~;cll 'IJF;' POSi-tiOD liesem'blal 'Kan't~~ :is, that,

it ~~:' ~t [;n<lr,d' :ro]~: '1~' t'b£'~~,a,uo~ 'of'[~~~":~~i~ t;,~;

[cmai.m :[camre 01 due ,a;gen'f:s me1ta:p'il!,ysicall ,oonccpuon ofJ mm ... Rlf: [O,n Kan;t",s vi"w' tDe~ [conception:1t mat: of'l;,ee4om", wkereas

~~y~~.it is ... ~ r eonf"~~~ .~.~~tr .... I1l~!~.~

,among otk~rs, ~,l!U'Uy I'i!Bl. How-ev-e:r" dltr'C.rmt as mey ,ate" OO,~~ _ _I

,ar-e tJnQught t~ be conee:pdmu wWcl W~' ¢a'QiD.ot, ,escape.,., :1'D1I, a're thotl!gkt to, provid,e tkat basis fOr etbiJ~al, mo:tirvadan.'w:hich i11 (jtR~f :i:n;tanaliis,t ,tD,cori,e5,:a, proudm 'by v,a;t.;JjOtiS, M,ou,va :i'D.d. daJireL Ie .. [c~me: of''dlf; aJJle,ged m,aca:palilt,y [of the.5e' 'OOll'CeptiQIlS", a, 'rie:w Qt, tOJe mtan.ua:n 'type ,a'taUs, tJmit 'WiC: :a:re :not Diy' :hc 'to be; ~r,d" [Of' :hmustepuble ~D' mOl,a;[ ,dainul' Tha,t is, 'w, •• 'I: mala 'us :mtn~


1I!"J"f,t., I 1 f' .. ~.. . ~

3'il '",' .ra:l~ "ventue:, laait 0' '.' OUI' :nl'W'esti:lali~n is, all, ,a.Dalysis, of

'a-··l~'iIi'''l~i;li:!m~ - ~""~~'D' 'iIio,'L,. above '~~iift~ U,;i'\_ibf~!I".;r ilUlt~;iL-, :~':n '-a'''-o' ~'~~"f!t:iI!' oi:"'.~ii'i, [~ __ ,!\-:-~. ~_:_~, .. V~~~ Ult~ ' .. ~ uu ¥ IIJ.r. ,U_iI-_lr"-iliIJ ~"-"" ...... ~ ,,-_ ... , !i.11!li.lllfW.~~t UJIL.& [_ ~ I~ :A_111l~'-J. ~lQdl~ll,

emerge: only' ;0 tnr'G' :fes~.dt m' a 'broade;r' examr-I1i,ation, of' .r-ea.so:n'lj

"iilp.'Lli" h" '!lii/f::'II~ '~'n"',I'I'Ii'd' 1- d·'I.iIi""'!II,~'I~,,;/I' a'.~ .. ~~n~~, "'i"I;; 't1b·p ~~~ ~,t·'!' -.~. ~r':-',~·---~, AI~.-~.~.~ "II',IIi.,,- .' . .J!I!,,uil ,110 '.~!l~: ,,,,,,i '~"""~i!iIiU.CIU :~_~,'~l;;.n.'!J""f[l ~vJih;;o mO;lVtC:' OJ'. p:lTUiUeJu:;,e:

~n A U 'L. ~ f~' d- d'l 'il ,.. ... . .I'~

as we_~ .. ~c,~eltliaL_I,y~, 1it~e :nOti!alils, a: :prn;·'· 'emt?e' :8.'rI;: atlrui's;m, in.Wi.It8'te

~ 't8'ri(ge 0;£ :motivts, Ba'rrow~r than, that l'O, be: di.scussm:j '(ib.e een-

:clJ~;~:~: _~~~~~I~:~~a~~~~~~~_~,;~~~:q'~:~f:~~~~:~i .'~YI~:~' :~_'t~ '~~~

OOV\'e:F. _o.r pruflence and altrutsm~, and oUter ,mot-lva;aOM ,rela'm

r.n, '~'I;:"~m-·i;. 'i";", ~:asis w·.·.· :'b11!i' ~'LI4I·nfIi~'Iii'~'~ 'n;iO'i;ti' ,""iL'Iii" ,~.~·~:'HS.~ 'b'tiili';;' ''I"i''-i,''~h·. , .. ~ ,~-'i(ji. 'I.-'!J u !ll ......... ;i!i ~ u., .. , - "".1111 U'1...,r~\liil'~ ,1&-'10,,11'11' "l,;!',liil;, u~ - ~-JI ~''!:!!!,'''', ",,~)"~_!;,.~, """'~~

:fo([,,01a1 as,peets, or practical, reasen .. O,De of tho :!t':tPSi :i'n dl,e liU',gtunent 'win be eo iJbow th;a,t the' DlOSit, ,na'tjur[~d ,at't;erna,'tivie:~ m:a'me'iv' ~n'la'Da,tio:n b ,w means ,Ar',· ,~~~:'rm: ""'~I.-'~'~':;~;t' ,-..-1i~I-'--I~~I,.,,:::iI'~r~'

- ' ----"" ., -Ir--~----~~~- --I ,~~-"g!l,' U' .. ' U"'-iIIl.'l "",a.:mno,l. aJUi,equa)liI~iliy

acooU!Dt fgr the' 'facm- 50 ,tba.t' 'a~0ther BOjrY;-~'I't, t~, '~~'~i >~\~,-~:, ~'h-~'

dctdl,ed ,S~p~lt'fb~-dds ge~~~t'h;is,wi[l~be':;~:~= IC~~~

D~~Uo~, Mlth IPn!l,~'m1.ee': ,;a, 'i'ea con,tro¥e~lal '~~d~" 'wm.cm :proVldes the: mooel :For a sUlbseq_u.ent ,a.naJ),ysls, of ,ahI.1!U8mi~

'''Ii''i'Il..I· 1,_ , ~iII.t\I~'~ .. hesis *'0"1 ~ ... , ·d'·JJ,.-n~".,.111 ... 4' ~.ih,r.\iiOm-:- i:nD" Q;~~ .1I'!111·:Om- - ,it!: ';Ij,·'L, .... t'

& Be [Di~"',~..I,[iU U_l-~."J~II:' LJ- :., ~ .~I ,'t-l\;-) ~ UL~ ~~"'~-~_I ~ .. L~~l~l I~~~~ ~_~ _~L: ,~ YUI,.:

ene :lb., a. 4Ir«,,1 ,[~Br$(Xn, '.'0 :pwmot~ me :h)t~Ja,tI, of' ,o1'he~:a :reu(}11 'wlU* does not -d.JI,d on m,'t\umcd!laote lae~oD iSUCl1 at


'f[iIii:] ,~!U

one'it;! O'W,D, :i'ote:f\'eSts [Oir on,e~"fS .a;Dllt«menlt sef1l:time:rl't~ of'.~]~'T,i~lfi");~t'!br::

a:nd, bC~lev,nle~lC)t:,:, -~irhis :~, oc;tB a,~~:I;~~. ~i ~t~.a~~4a. cl=:~,~~ 'wl •• 't: :happens waco, so:mmDC: :is, altndstical'1y' monv;a<t-ed .. In t~bil: ,general :£o.rul it ca'Dn0~: of "QUlSe ,ield, dotwled, tthical CONe""" 'qlt1,enc:es~, 3D,a, :it s'ilLomlcl not be ,assumed, ~n advanee =t dlC: Ri-J ;.lul1l' ,sy;st,mn, ,will 'be ~.let~1;~;tUi'ta.ri;a'msm,; :rul!e"-UluUta'ria'D!lslm~, 'QT'

, ,~- m 'f ,;i'll.., "i'lib", . __ :lti:, aJ'lii; - __ .iIi---c~_" 'TI 'b- - f, ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~- ~~~ ~.~ -,.".11~~

am" ll):,J l.Il~e' o~~~.er s.P~tC ~,u[:___I,;ema'\l_n~!Yes .. ,', ,-al~ c'an, e:mm:[ge ('JJiU,'

:~~(IjjW'II . .a;, :m,'~~ 'n~"'="'''''' j!I]~""-;'f ....-"!Iil .. ~~ '0,', 'r' r,~"'h,~; d '; .;;¥__. ... ~tt ,;o_;,1~'~i"~fI\~:,",,:; '1iIi.';O_;'dl ...... -HiII]~

iU;u I!U R }~!II,";, ,r" ~I!;;o_~ OJ r _.I!;,;:I-_Ii.ll""'_"_iI:"""l& " , _, ~ ,U ""' .. !!OIiil~ ~:;:Ii~~ J.·~~~~,I

'wbicb 'MJl 'be de~er..mlll.ed 'by' the :a;rgumenJt~ 'The ftsultm!J' sYSit~m 'wUlI ,also d.epend. kea,vU.y· ,on 'tke mal.ysg, or ~eg:onS, 1&~ewml~I' fro. ;selr~~n,teres't.~ and ,om ~d'l.e·lr ~ l'n't~U'elad,Qmh

AJt-:~'t:i'c!,!II;-I~~ reaso /l!lliilt. :I'j[j,~ p~,·':a~'!I!"\I!Ii,e;'F-~.il"" 'i~,'Mn, I ~"",'II~~"l'·'iHi,j\Af~+\"'..fI ~~~! ~,,,,.: ~J.~J '~!Ii.. ~ ,~.~ .. ~I_1iJ! MJ&~' . '.' .11 ~JIiJ!l.i~ ~r'~' _, ~_Jlll!. _,Mj,,~-~, II!P.-~"~ v.~~~., IU~~

cb:,cumstinl~es in, the: ,D,ves: ,of others -willeD ,aJ:~ntism, 'requires, 'W teO' cOl1lsi!iler are eireumstanees w'm.ch 'taw (It'hC-ft, already' :h:i\1l~: feas()~ to, t:lons.ider :&om. ;a s~]f~m't'5est,ed poil),t: ofrie:w'", Theferore~ the rfir.m of ,altmJisttic. reasons 'Mn. d~peiJd. bol'll, fin. 'tile' :£~,tlf~l, 'of

,., .. 'lr;:"~'~I·~~~t'~:-1 ~n"-lIi!!s~', >al'ljjlid~- rA~1 ,~,\~ 'p'~~~~'I'IIi[l~' ,t'~f,' , ",,"~~,t~'.I~iIt~'I!"i'iIir: ,t.'\-iI!!;,

1;]",-,]il·,ilil:.Ii~I,,,,",ioJ ~ ..... \ _ '!;,; , ~_I_~I. __ V!IIc'l:. UJIi"", ,I _il,~'!;,;!I.iIi,!Ii.iII ..... ,It'll"", Ulhl_il:,LII.Ii.'Ii.;;!Ii.-il.Uo .liili~

altruistic anal.GlUt of' a giVtcn. self;..bJtc~es~cd :r-easoni~'

The ,disettSSio:n of prud-ential reasons 'pc-,eemes '&'C' def~n.ce ,of ,altruism i3'r-Jid :serva as; a; :pmtro:type fOF' it-i I _an algue tlh__at: ,our O'Wn fU'tlure j".:~el'lests pJ,ovide 'USJ, -'by' 't'ilJerllSeb/1cs, 'wi1t'b, :reUGm :[or pusP't: ,acti~n. 1iiO $CCJUr[e· thc~m~ and! tbat muu.v:ad.om of dlls mit. canmot and need mot~ be expla'iRed, 'by :im;t:e;r.t.lJledIiate: pfoeSerlvt: d.em:f1Gs, ,0;[' 8JillY' 'o:t'h~:r' :[I!i't~[medlalt-e ,motiY'~1I1 :S:;"rlJC~ 'tb~ tw~',::'lajms

I: :n, mmt. be ~~~. W,t; 'by aJ,~ :r ,do'Mt'm~ ¢ltll[¥"~e: vuitly,of':gblf-l d"'&am~&ce ,d:eR ,~ili~td wilCih ma~ ep_j:thd- I mmtI ~,bdlavi'QUil" ~ViillC'dJ ·~~:~l-~' :~~~,~~. ~~~;~4,~;L~~,· .;_. -.:: .... ~. ,.jb~,; _,~~'i ~'~~i~: ,~- ,~,~'c-~'~~ 'If~,-~-~ ,~- :~~_ -,~-~ 1!'~~,". :

~e-r"'7 [l;Ii"e [~:lJI,",_L Y~J~,~ e~ 'WI iii Ii ..... ~Il~~, 01' 8I¥O.lIiOl.,:lilililm, .... '/1' h ... ~; II/Vel!

,De: :IfiU~ wilh gOO '~ha.~,fo~r'~ ~~: 'of~t.:is m,ud~ ,~~~~, ",hi:(ib ~tI,_ :mc>.l(!~ IlniIJ mv(t.lv,CI· :E)~i,tjh'" :~~~ms~ nor' n'b~llt.~'--;g wh~. 'we ~D :~~

,~~h~,~:, ~~~_~'~:i~~~'~ ~~'~~~~'~':~'~~~~~ '~:~~' ~~~:~' ~

word! .ltnirUHl, Kami IID,IiI(p,l1Ir~~ffi'C:, Ul, ,1.lI"g, C&W" bt, 1Iin.C!le, ~. ,II rn) ,rfiOflC

;pDerji~ ~ tto, eov« ~mi :aJmJ!,~l .hlli, '~~ '!d:~,l!i h~ccfMh ¥B~jt ~ a:~:., M, 'will be ~, :NmillB' ,q.~ffi"ti~ •• tttch, to :rny' '~: ,of' the w,Old, ;i;:pn1J.kmcc:\

~ ~,']be ~npu~c' [01 dJij ~; , .. ii, i1t5 [&loe ~~liiretiDn 'Mtl\i, die dillu;i,t~: 'bctwtm eggu-rn ~, ,Il~!iim,j, 'WU :I~ by' .si'dp,~i.::

- ~~'cdo,~,~,~:,~!~~~, '-:=~'?f"~~'mo'11~1 .. ~.~ '~:'u~~~

whm n, COIl9u~h!] , __ ~ __ ,p~ ~~ ~ _~_,,~uo~, en ,iI po1.ID1!lImllar ~ bt

~ ,,,,,JL~~'i.. .'......;. __ c, __ "",, _, , .. ..:i0!\,.,; .... 'L. __ , ..... :i __ ~ n "",,~:'~ __ 'II nL..-_~~'.' __

~ ,",,~ ~~ [["C];~ l~ .o ......... JIIII ~ [~_y.aLl, ~_~ ~:~"~~~:~

I'f'die. Uttli;tar:i:a hu 'to ,1,MW'ft' lb.Ci q,ut:uino; ~'Ylby diouW. :1: I~ my own, :b~_ :~ 'b: If;n~ :b~, f1.I uoUH:r'~"!' :i't 'rDMt :'~Y' Mumillirtfle'tQ,,,*, the ,Bp&~ '~?Vihy,~uM 1:~~rI,~,t pleuW"'C:::far. 1\ i~~ QBC ., the ,r~t~e·'~ 'Wh" :Iho.dd :[ ~ mpe:lt li~l.;m¥' ow;n, ru~: f~UqJ _"m.o.M 'dlan ,a!hr;rgt 'dle:;ree'~"of',~ ptfiiQiu.l'~ ,('111 ~ oj BkitJi,' 5'tb. C'(!In .. j. :Li)l'Idon .. :~8t3J ,~ ft,a~,)


:T' U' 'E'! Ci' ·0· .. ·· L 'Ij' !"-TI 'Ij'O-' - N'" '

. u.& ~'.:_c'_- Y _ Ii . .:_c ,--,I


IV


IN'BC::E S,S, E'r~l' AN:D :1 :N'T:E R.:PR:[E,T A,TIO'N' Ilg

,come '1'0 demon5it'ra.un,g' 'Ul;a;t, 't'be demalii,ds ~r elmes, ra'~!i in, .. ,

£wapable~ ,

~,': L~t~ ,t~~ ~:~~~~il~ _,iS~'~~]~: ~~Y~ _~~~, ~~~~t~ ~~;o~;_'~~~~~'~~I~a!'

the ,lnterpr.1e1tatlons, tbalt. will be offeEed, of,pmdJ~BCe; and aJJtrw!m,,,

,Just as dlerc are :formalJ, ,pit'rallds bet,w,e~n :p['ud!.(lRCe~ and, altruism" so there ,wiD be par,alFe'l! between, thea :i"nterpRta'tions~ 'The; principle' ,of pmd@:n,e~ is, connectOO 'wi'lll a oon~pd,oR of ,OBe"! pURnt ;si:tua:dQD as merely' :8, sta,p in a tem:poral1!,Yu.ll-,1iJided, Ule'~

,'iIl',', ;ilIi;'!'iIi",~a;,.s, ~~-m:'"'' il-1':1;.J~' D:II--I-m1-,:' c,"'91,n'~"-J"",~"ht, ~:, r.l'!l.,',:,'" 'i'H"C~,~,!il~t,,' the 'n.~.,~~, iIIi='~~,"~"'I'\ ..

.lIl. ~ ~"~,,, l!_~ lI!.O'c___ 1!._lle ,. IU, ,Jan '@r-\;o!l,...1 '1.-"i;iI! ~~ ..... ,w IU_!,.., ,r~ ... OJ. ... ~~'" ~~!!"~iLlliU,

t3'lleously' as ,: no,w'~ a'lla as, ,3; pa'mt~uJm' time, tenRlessl!,y s,pecic .. , '~i;a,1f..ll'!'!(, ~~, rmh';i!O~'p'~a ii1'!'ir' :a'~4tr'l'~~:iII;m, ~:,'.-. ;mwli"l' the IO·'h',IIIIi· .... ' bi '1!!lil'l!'Ii,d~~" '~liI] .... iAt'lf[li .. '

,illiA,W,~~ ,,w, liL~ r"",_"~i!;.;iL,l, iI~ ~. ,il!!oiL lI.iLIi~ ~ ..,..1.1. "n,,.., ,'L....... ,,_.Ui ')] ,_ "-'''-'\1::11,

=:!~~thh ::e:= :=:;~:~I!n~::

'tlmGOWlly as, ~'I:~ and, as, IDmIQ~an im;pm;mnaUy s,p~:aJb'lie iBdi¥i,d,mtl~

So' we ,itaYe: twa] ,000n.cepiioDS~ 'eacll, ,wiLl 'Mill a.s,pects~ It Is tbe De~ty of :rewori:ng both as,peets of eoch ~Ofi,c~ptiO\ll{, a:nd, of arol!dib:~g ~l cOlill1i,c~t ootWOOD, t'be :mem'ben, of 'eac'b, ,air~, that giva :rise' 'to dte two, ~niterp'Jie,altiiotils~, 'T,bat: D,t if onf!~ is, '~O

Rta-i'n , ... \c, Id', i)" ~1""111 ,~:>" -,' ,- ',:;-,. j;~, , ~~ I ,>,[:", ;"::"("C I ',~ :--", 'Ilf." :;', ~"I' " '~I "..;iI, ;' : '~;:'m,'n.e ill',

_ '_ '~ ' UJl,e ',. Ow, OOllClPuGD, 0, ontst_. as ,,' aBu, as rs,g, ,to_ _ _ ,~,

wlltbou,t, Savini iJ!t. ,wme apa'rt, in, pracueaJ, l}eUOl11i'n;g~, ODe mus't accop~, ,ce.rtab~; fonua!. ,ooncl:tions 'OR reUOJlSj w,hldn jm:iP1y' a, ~1dJeme-~t' of aJtriU!iJl' - ""- ~ ,- d-~ - c-' - ,",- 00-- --- -tV1"C di'- i!ft ,- r.c'la:l'ed

"""""""II'::'_c"I.ILi:ft ,; ',':~ I, ',Ie): ';1: I" "iI1~, ,-;[U' enee ,U!;'n'~r:~n.,. ,~",~~y .'.1,~,_L _ _:_'::__,

t' 0'" th'-~ A d},~_11 ,Ji'Om._ .... ii!'i:'n~ftn,_r' .'L .. nresent ~,a; iii 'H''''''W~' ", a"'nd iii iD'l'i;m."~:m" iii _,.I~. l~ : '~I [.~_,l~ ~V.~"~-¥.rlU~, VI iW~ ,Fc~-~;-: ~I ,U~·.~-~/ ~~~_~_L~_, :~,~~~~~~I_~ ~ J~: ~

To, :say' :mou at: dlt;', point would 'be pl,ema,to'r8.


smd. t-o' atltach, to tbc: req,ukemen'u lor :pracJucal fcasom :i: :nam.tlY ~

:::(=~o~hl!':t~= ~::t:-::a:

,leu as ,D ,aCOOU_Dit ,ar the ReceW1ty' ,of ethics", sInce noollaJi;ty can be defined. onlY' in terms of' adherenee t=o' r,irliond :req:nireuieftB ..

'O.---I-:l!"Iiill!i' ,.~.ift!l!il;""'"t-'~'i\iII'l'\A.~"'~~ jf1>fcJ"I'I'liilliE-i~1!' ':I',LjIlIj p- n'·i'l'!ll~'n.'l- ' .. ~riL,~_ ... 'lI,.l ~~=A!II' .'Ii..'ASiIiIi'

_-.··l"_ilf~' 1IIIi!~_ilJ_l~ -'J U~_Iin.!W·!I!""1. ~ .. IY.1iI! '.1..111' U_,~ ! " .. _"_I;'!W.IIr.~-~IiI!' L"!I!Jll.U~_ll III!IF-~,1 ~JI_IIW .~'

'~'lti='I!'Iiilliifi'lil_'i'iII' h-v' d"'~:!I~;r1I,a ,.'L ;illim' I''''---J!'!iim ;Io'L;iIIi ;!,->l'!ilnt'l-j!liift~' ,i"ji[--' r~'~;i!'IL~ _'I~:rtv, ~-,~~~:I~~~~~~-~,~~ -'~"i: ·.~:_i~_~-~:~·'~I~; IUlJ~_:_'~~ U-:-Q.,~~_ll_, l~~~ 1~,_:_r~r'~J V-_', ~:-.;W!~w.~~iUJ~~·,:,'1

:MtlC>e' it: g, precisely' 'tlmose: ,req.~e~'ts wm~Jl'fldllle: tAt; Ct)R~~p:t", and t&~' :m'u't 00 F~-litdeRd plml'lsib]e~ as l'eq,ulimmeD'ts il1ldepend,en'tly,",

,_~I[~;~lat1I~'~";~:~.~~}~:~~:~"~

~, by I{~ Bqley~ Soc ,~e&iIJ Jbucm *_ ,MW: (AprU!" 1,~,5}.. ~ _ ~

!!!I'~ omy' ~~D is llte: ~-e: __ ,LD 'whi~ 'ptCtii¥1 rand, ~, U;:: Klmti'u!l~



•

Amd l!t must, be' ,adJa,oo fin,ally t1u~;t ev~n diediU,c~ti,v,e' ,a;rgum,6.nt Is Il,Cit, safe 'from, thls type ,of COIl)~~r~ct-tol]J,-~,.,e,. the cwew' that O'M!l!f

ta'ik-[~i ~~t~_]~~,~~t - is - ~,~ail'1~ p~~~,ti~ ~~~ :~ulY~'h,~I~,~c~1. ni~~~sit,~"

«I',n, tlle raJ/ct that 'we are If()r,ced from, on,e: beUeF 'tJ<). aRot'her~ an,. tnalt 'we :feel, [e-q,'mred tn ,alt~:[, enr bt:-1ii,oe:f5 in response tn ,oo[ital:n ,~, !J}fsy.s:t~cm.a'dc criucism~ I 'beU,~,c' tRat such. a 'we:w' is oonnn,OJl '''J-~ ,l").lii~Ilte a;FlJd Wi;;,~:~~rp;,~ln- If':iit: '-;:-",--,,[:[[- ,,- ~-+, '''''bl~~-i' ,~,1t:: ,~C'[-::r::-l-[-[~,-,--;f;'

",,0 ~'"Y! __ __ ="",ge_s""e ~ __ " _' _ JS OOITeClI." ", _ e:~ !Ii. ... il,e ap pa.r CD, 1,;,

disa ,"1~:1!""mr "L,I!i+lI!u~.JI!!nl ""~q' Uj;'I:"\il!im,[ ,';i!!i""""'.",: ~n 'n,...~'Ii"'.+~ ... ~I', a' ,~,~ ~1"'Ii' ",'-r.;i!!i;~iII!~\ ... UJ~ UQ;J'''''''~'1 U~IL,,"~,, J. "", :IU!:Ioili,~, ' , ,""_;J.iIi,~ !IjJ!', " ,!r~ ~~I~-~!I,;i~J, __ ~~,U '!;!I',!I!~ 1"liI!!I;;'Y'~.~I~,

cal reason d'isa'p)peiul~~ :Iu:t that is an~th~l" ,sli:bjec~t ..

'What [can, 'be HSerlted wIth. ,SO'M[e ooD,ftdeJlJ,oe Is 'fbalt :in se far' as,

" ... 1 ,i ,i J .. ;il., ,i 'II

ra~tJong requi're__m_e-l!J:tB, :pr,atCtlica~ or '1i.J~,oomtica~,1! 're,prme,1l1 COR .. ,

dbrj,otl!s on, belief a~.d ,ac;~o:r1., SUiCD m,[ectssj),ty' as may a'~tacll 10 ,tkem is[ fUlt ~og~~a~l" 'but natural fif' psycknloli,cat It is rdlerdt)'Fe: :niecasa:ry t~ iUJqoi-re hOrw' 'tbe" aehleve ,thei'f hold 'Gft us .. :Pcrllaps the Most 'w,e~ can :hop~~ ,m[ t'na;t: :StlJcb. 'pnn,ccip,ies ,s'hould :appIJ' '1:0 1;i$ in virtne '0,1 '" a'ff'i~-u-I'~~[v' ~~~n[ festures 'I"'{':- eur m-~"'-:il11~'F>_iililiil'H -:"~'91.ii'iI'i\"~' w'- ,_,c__!I!,[I,;!Yi ....... ~ ,y._~~~~,.'-~~,'-," 1JJIi!l!..""',r ,-",",'_ )!I;IIL~ 'I!Jr,I, """ ..... _1, ,[.hRl._~~-!I:.iII"r.-'i!! 1~u."I!I;IIi_ ... ~

'W:h'l,c'b, W~ [ea.I'UIQt ,alt;e-1\ T,na1t :;5 w'ha'l: I ,bope to es~a,bUsh" Mil rle,gal'[d t-o' ,certmm, r[f!qtdre:m,en;ts ,of:p,r,3[ctl.cal r~aS!Qn~, ,and, t'bat, ,will 'be' 1t'b,e :nn'l!~uon [or t'be :pr-ooed:u:re lllf' l'O,t~reta,d()li1~


NIE1C:BS~S I TjY ,AND l':N''[:E,R.:'R:E,T'A:I'·[ON ~~

--,.~

ofms, actions and, dlO1lllblts~, e:e dion, not choose t'h!M" fw eholees :m.,t, ,~u,e :f['1i]m, :bim :if: ,tRey' are to, 'be :1IiJ), ;I'Did, dB meaml, 'tha;l 'ther musl: be the pnxb.lct of'd,Gtm;,nUD!ing :prin,cliples w'lUCD con,'"'

.,oiI;"Itu' : Iii'""" 'jLlt',-~,; ,~'~' ,,,,~:: ,- ,:,~~'~~;--~ ,~'rd'il-,~:-, ... L.;l~e_-'~'Id 'w'bic'h('~·, ;~~ " "t· '~~) lur - !Uoi ,ilH.1Jil, U !!I;!lle W~ 0., ,_IWI! !UJiO~C _ Ji ~ _ __ ' __ , __ ' COUllU ,n0i, Jue:

ehoseu by him, because: im them' ahs:ence there w(litdd, 'be '[l01 I", to' choos@'~

'The less a person,t's, mo:n,YaJ,b,o;nal appa'rartns ,rs Uke a. ,&i,eYe' orr ,m'lluei, fOl' exJtlf!maJ, i~fl~enml-,the mQ1t"e: de6n~'tlnn, i,t, J.JOHesles and :q able 1DO _pose: 00, 1.tbe ,acttlo:n of tbme: inl'~u!nw~dle ,more ~ there is in :UCri.'1UDg' ,B'CUom, ,Bnd d«b"lQ. to, die

'f:l'iP,~~'i(;'i '~!iIIl ,~~'t~;'t:' "~'Iilli~"" '~ ... nossib }lif'tv"";'~' ;"Ii!-Iw,~i1'Pjld',' .l~~t.,::eal! ;i'.I''ii"d''; ,r~~,~j!~ [~ y'~, ~V~~,I~~ [,=,'I~ Ilr~-~ _.JUJI~111 U~I fI-"r;t;frt"["~"':~~ ~._:J:g ... -~~_, IJU~· __

otaGr 'baU£ :nOj,[tua'ltiYe 'prin;ci,pl'es ames because 'tl£1' deniiie what a permn, :is~ ifite g"olvems :ms, bdta'vtour ~n, t'he most Icn,Hal

"t~~'II' ;Q,~~n-Iii",.;liim!i!i!" '*fi ,;10,1-. iPm-- - 'Tn '[Tii'''~ii'\iiiO+' oicL __ m ~Jjji ~-A 'Iii);'i-y~ ,_~~ ~~

. \~~;'~_I_~ ~~-1Ii U~~-~Ib '~T_~ IU__];\r.o~ __ """ .__:. 'v ·~·!II~;L;o!..~·,r~ ~~ lUI~~~_!, ~~ '~-Ui ~~.~: ... IYlJ.~~-~ t ";:'11--'

SP(;IIous1),y 'w:ba,t, :5'ucb. ,31ft mdhdidua], is, lil',e~ ud low ,kill :nauuu

'i'':: ~~ - - ~ ~ - '~ ~...'II ,. ~- - - - --:-'" ~ - 11'- a. h,,. ~~ - - . f' j.,L ~;t;:!: --c- a~' - - -- . ~~ - ;hjli!ii'

lIS IieVealGu:, In 'ViU:"~OUS rearures O..! tne r,aJuOIL.'c__, ;a'ppar.,a'''~i;

'ThefC :;s, :n;gthiliJg' f'le.gret:tabl,e ,a,':b014'£: :6iruJi'D\g oQ,esejl(~ ill tbe~ ~as)t a:Da[JSlis" left 'wldl, som,etbimg' 'w'bleb, one: ea011101: CbJlOS~: to ;acc-ep:t.

~ 'W" 'b ~ ~d1" .' 'h ,OJ b h~' '.' Ii.

~~ 'I('A!,1~ .. ~t:", ',",.".':_ '!a'" ~1'Ii"~ '~!III; ,i .: j'], '1;0 !!'il tt' " "ill' 'nI:'lO·,'.· i!~, I.W ~ ~'I'iII;iIt ~i!'iiHJiIIiO~;,'~ ~1 ,rc;~~

'Y-~ ~,~~1Ii-i ~ ~ '.J ,~ .~.I" ""'.~~!Ii<i ,~ .~ ~,"',~~,'L. ~ E'~" - ~,~ ~ ~ J , .. ,,~!!!o, 'Y~I!i,~"'~ ~,~ ~ ~.!I!:~;

"\l!J'I!i th I~'I;II"" 'ii"'~~\~:7'~ ,&,~~~ J'"..n/'l'1 jid: I '\~, ..,..~ ''''~~~;~.Ji!i' \~~~~'~'~IP' ~.n, t:'h~·II!i: p- -''''''-''''-~,' ,

¥1rl J!II.. _ rV!IIIIJlli1 wll_l_ .. ~ !LWt'll.r.ill·~ ~v.IWlIj-. I DC IdirV ~il~~I~ ~1;Vtll_lo. .. _Il-tio. I~V .: _ j-'- [' 1.~l.liiiII"t.B ••

at ,aU", Som,e 'Ullchosell restricd,om, on choice~ are ,among '1'11,£ eon ... ~;lit~·I~Oi"iiiil'ii'i!! Af"" hil!l mnr~i1,\..int',u'

~,I!.~,,,,,",.L,."" '!!J,~ ,!I,l~;~ ,~~,~,;L!lI'-'~:l"



Copy rig hted m a eri al


'V·:·

".'_'.:


:~'C-U: (-8,' 'JI "lI?,Q .. :- 'T-::' I C-V' :"~' 'R~':· 'P,A- ""' :0' .', • 'Il1iI"~,A ~N:·."C -De" fi'ID 'C-U'~' ~D.' .,E·.._- "1Iii.i~'n'~

~ ' •• ' __ I~~. ~ ',- • '_' "~ • ,', •• ~ •• hi! " " .111"11 ~ Inn .. [I']' l~'" • [ ,iIi].,i ~,.IiI1


1)- E~' r n P' ~I, __ .Q, ,,~,,~iJ!

~',~ [Th, asI1![mplioJ}, ~nat: a mo,uv[adng de&i_l'\!!: 1lru:ll~r:llu every' :in,t:CIllIUoul aCit, [d,cpGnd!s", I btl_litve), on, a [com;£~slQn, OOI,W"n, two'

~~llf~~~~~~~_~~~;.~~~d~lt'ik.( ~D !~DI~

~Ult bd'bR, lmat, mam" d,~l~), Iike m,any bebe:fs" af~ IJm~,:d ii~

by d' ;0 '" d' aft d li~'he ~ 'T' b' d' ~ II all~'1

[",-I_"~_-:--~iI'il ~['ii'iii"" ,,' ',i'\j(i.''''' "" 1,0; ':' [,'-' '-'r~I'iit,~~I"'Ii'- '-"I, ,;iIi'tp' 'n' iiIio_;ti" '":""'":t'~iIi'~n ~'7~C-[~":

,_,.eas.l~, '~'J,_: [~e~,,"":-li, [...:__~c__:_: "c~ ~~v,u!"" "'-"'1 ')~'~.c_, -11;1.'\;11,1, ,SIo~"l!!'rJf HS.~,_;~,

u5~ tko.u,glt 'tllere are cert~in, d,es[~, t'haJt de, nice 'rh~ a,ppeti:te, a'n.a, ,lin, ,certain. cases the emodolRs~ The' same is 'true: Col bdi[el,[ f;or ,ofteo - a[s when 'W'e :ld:m,.lLy percelv1'C somcfmn.g'- ''We aOCJfu~"~ '3 ~~~~-'~~I_C~~'~,~~i'-~~~'~~~~' _I-:~' ~~, ~-> 1,< ""_' (,- ,;I--e~~~'~""~ _': I_~>_~<~l':i,[_-~'" ~',:~;~ii"/~~l /[[I~' bGl.i.e-f Yn!tBOUJt am,wDtl ,8[t rt by deculonl' IDle desires wh~t,h ,81m,

:pl,. eome t:Q1 'US are n'D!motii,va:~ed "tb,otlgih, they CI'n, be ex.p~ained'i HURler is, prod:u,ced 'by :Iack, !@:£ food:~ 'but :is, nl~t 'm~dva!t'Cd, thefe~ by~, ,A dl~si're 11iO [SlUlpl (or grocen.es~, aler d_i~over..i"ng :nothtill' appetbrins' ~m the mrilf5f'a!'~or. ';s [O'D the ,(}tb~r 'il and motjjva'~ed by'

h~pr'~ ":Ra'tio~al.' ~r'~~d~~'~~~~[a'l~:pla'~a,d,~~':is, j~st~ ~,' ~Iud :i,~,

,~l'd~1 ,i"t);F' t'bait d~b;~; as :rtxr the a,ctin~ :['~U:, -

The c'l:aim Iba:t a det~"e~ und,ef:ilies, ~:e'1f\l!" act; l~ t~l-'~[e [0 nl": '~f:

. .. ~ ~ " .,..... . 1 ~ ~~.... ~ _ .. ~"<"i' J lS .rul.(Il ," l,

daha, He taken t~ '.n,c'[ude: modv,at~d as 'wteU, as, 'UIl'm,Oiu.v[at~d [da~"~::- :-'n~1 'ilt: "'--I ~[-- -'~ e c nl'~ bl 't'he se:,--'-':- 'iIt'.;a'~'~\J.i'tl#;i~- ;-.:' ma'~' If..,,,,, ,~.\-:, '. ,.'. ""lm,[ a~Ui, '_. " ell "rue o~y ,~~~ ~~~~ =, ~DJSe 1!L~~~!!I;, w.\ ~~~ wV'M ~~~_.y I!J'e IYiliC

mouvia'tion iOf' mmeoD,e:~:s i.n,ten,'ijonal ~punr{dt ~r a gloaJ;, ~t be ... , [coma :bil 'vilrtIU,e ,of his PUit'SULtt :~Pto Jade a:p:pro:pr.:i~u'C '~6[ ,~ribe~ t-o, :hiim, ,41 dWre: :(0(["' tka;t: g10al~, :Bu,t :if the desb~~: is a mgti~,ajt~d one,

;.,'1-., _ - - -- 1[1- -- - ,,;0;' _ -- .... :£';I,if- .. ,.,"':::'1[1'111.. = ,"-'ib. - _ - -- - - - ~ ;i-'It- ~ - - - - la -- - ~ ~ -- - r-:- 1l..,::'IUli!%!: expJ!~3.'~_li(lD, OJ, Ji,[" 'W,Ute, ~ it.il!le~ s~·~,e as ["~!lie' ex,p)_Jlna;(~O'fl Q~: JiU!S

:P,PDWlt" and :i:t '1' bY' 'D,O means [D!hv,~KJ'U.'S, tIba.t. a d,e8i'fe 'DU1[S;t [en:l\~r In'. 'this, :'u.n'n,er ex,pta'natioll;] ,Alth,ottg'lh! i;t wUl no doubt 'be [pn~FaUJ adn~]jJU~d. that ,50m,6 desires are 'mo~i'v\ai,tGdjt tm~ ii5SU~ lis

'1\ii,,'LI"·iL~ a· I~'"'I-'~~ ,~-=, .... a··'Ii'!l'U"~I~' ~,r:~, beb m~' " 'd· : .j,'I1; .. , 'm', 'OJ''''~:!I'''~I'ii;',. ~ "!'l""I"I' ;iIi,_ 0'··,... ",g,~~iU~, '~_~~'!4I',~-.li~~~, Y''Ii7.!I~,'~;~_I,'''''~"Ii''[ ,:LlI,~, IW"C~J~,~. ',~_ [,-.Ii'".. '[~"~'-''- iW!",~!!i;~~, ,....,~~~:!Il ''-~

'b. - 'ib. " I, -1b - .. ,I' t!' t'b 'I, ~ ,I 'I ~I" .' 11

W,umlUn' ;someltlmes 'b:iie motiv,a,u,om [Oil: '. 'lie: lllllt1alL [u,@Slle :Iln,VQiI,V~

:0,0 :r--d':eremce '1'0 ,angt'ib,H'- unmOltiv,alt~d, desim ..

~~~ ~~~~~~--~~ ~~ -.~----" -"', _._." _. -"---- ~.-~ .-~

T,lb.$I!e[ot<e: lit 'ma:, be ,ad'mrttled, as tdvla), ,tbat,[ :COI' ,txamp:t~,

cOmlldel"[a'tlioM, aboult my {1i1'tJUFC: welf~10e~ er [a'lbo.,t 'tfle ,[Dt'eRS,ts, ~r'

[~.L~, ~-a'!l'liill!'!';t'fiI'" ~~~'!!~a'''\111 'I'Mj'iiIIi' '.,~ 'iI!II,,!",t', '!I\ii~'i:~';i!'iL'I;~"'., ' [d"I~='li!'I.' ~-:~'iilIi'0!' 'm'i'ij!i~~I" u-Ul~~,,,, ~_~~,v", !I!.~!l~U·"'·[_)"~ ~~.~ Iv [~_~~", ".~,JII~~'" ._~ .-=--,~!Wbl~, ~:~I!~, r-~l'!\r.l.~Wflr.'

:~t 'the: o.me Of,acbOD .. , [That :I 'kiv,e 'l'ae a,ppfopria't~ dlumei ,silll:p],y .folltiw' Born, the [acl: 't'ba't: tbese~ oon_:dderauoru;: :mo:tliv,l!te: Hle:-~ :if' ~'the; :twtHlmod, dlal: an, 8i€)t, 'MU, prom,ole: :my' :futl!l'f~ :ba,PP]DaB mODw,tcs :mc 't'o :paf'orm, :iilt :n,ow~ fbi,eD i:t: 'm ,a:pfp;r-o;pria'~e~ '~O asedbe



3,'1

~~;iIj~ ,oi.L'i'· a" desire Il"f' ~""I;~i4 ,~", ~;ooc'~titi!lil~ 'nr'1~irjo.ii'IIl~ \,:'h";~:"'~' '," ~'," i' ',,"', ',' : :S"''.Ii~ UiLt. ',,' UQI-"", v, UClYJ;;l, ,WI UnR"... r' ~il-lit. w, ,en reasons

mo,ovalc or 'DlDvm'Cc-but 'DDt: that the dabe: or bwer:~:~~C7l~/i, ',~

, .. 1,.10,." ""d," __ ., , ,."~_,'" "",.",".~~,_~_exp~wDs

the: :moU',va'do:n, or ,t=Orte:liUUODJ! or P:rDfwae.s a, le&son for ~ :it., If ,somoonc: m,a',. conclUIUOM' iA aceorduc.e 'wirth a, princi"l~ of' la,gi£, ,s,um as, msJus ~', it: Is a,plpllopri18!t,e 'to ,ucd.he '~O him tnt' 'belj;i ~ai *~:prmdple:btru,e;; 'b~,t ,drat 'b~Hef~~ '~"tat~;dby' d~e: ,iS~ 'dUn,s' '~mf.;'Jb, ~uplwM Ids 'll1!ferenca Jjn, ,auorda'D;e~ widl. the: 'priftdplet '~ be'U,ef that ,tbi~ priRdpJe is t~e: :is, ,cenaitd" no:t :a'mOD,I' du~ t1Jmfiom' fal" hl',vl'ng :masoas, ~o draw con,dust~M

;o;~. a·.;j';,,p-.-.lIi!lift(;'j;;j'Iia 'M,;j;;'!L, ,;,,., 'D', ... , .. !L,;iM'I ~t' ~iIIi .'!L .. ~~.~O:'·D- o·~, .'iL.~' ~. :I_B ~- _~~I~~~"ti!; '~'~Wl ~~.J ~~g,~~,J ~:". ~ L~',¥ f-~;~¥r~,L- ": .. _I] ~.·-·.,Il ·~Dl,os.e.

~rea&OllI 'w:Wdl 'exPWDS bath. t'h~ 'be.lef' amd t'he :pard~wa'r eonChU.iOM drawn.

:lcim, plionde 'the :m~l'terid rUE t'heO:lie,utal fC'alSDDi'llll; but nilan" ~t'h,He is, mmct'hi:n.g 'bWda 'bela;' :namely :K-asDIl" wmeb lWD:.cledia, 'our mrtJr~nc:es, from lon~ :s;et of btllteA 'tOI another ~ and 1>~~~t~~J-' both the mncl:'~;!:oEs and th.ose 'ID~~~~~al 'berms "",ht~h mt::p 8ms ". ' ,.... l1)9l, .. ,. I.. . , ,. 'Ipcli ~ W, ,c~,

em'bod,r our :~mera:da'i pril'l!cipla; In, pmeral, :pmplsi,oonal :[Qr.r[l)l~

,~-, , -' . I ... ~., "d'~L~, .;tr\', 'dr~· ,jl'~~ "I '" ~'f~l; ~.Cil;' "t'~h"~' ' ',i·' ,,;~ .. "ialll ,i"4, . . '.~r,·;iIt~·-G'1 ~l'ft'IPO:Ili uleay" ,eMra [are runo.Eg 'l', C, ,m.a,,!'!D ,.' ... ,auf p~djCt:l.\!,

~':'~MOmD!O. bu,t, uUhB~tejlv rom~t~hlDO' 'besides d~: lexplaJiM A~~J;'

Fe"",,-,,-,~(,~, .~" ~~~"~~~~~~"~~I ""~~'~~"~~~~'1~, ~,~"~~,, .. ,-~ .. ~~" ."".,'.~"_' .•. ow

reasons :flllncd,OR~ 'ThU lelmnt!IRt KcCol!m:bJ fbi' :ma:n, ,of the: 'mB'lllo--' ,~t~ ~~~ t..~;:- ":. > .. -.1 • "e r-" I ~b~t .. ~~\;diln'~ i"\I: r,.'r~C~~ 'w'L~'::~'b.' :-"~-:-,: '~"~':CI ,; ·~f tlons uctwem, r ~ MOM \~~~u ~~~~~g IUiLt ~ easom, ~ ,m.c~ , l,tJf!:m ,lrom,

deair-ai]1 and, aetion~, l,t also, explaims, thoe' ,PBeru, daire, 'w:bie'b. '~Ri;jbOOY' Our ,aoce,p1ta'nce ,of the pri'ficip'iai of pracdc.ai!l, :rea.Km~

'n~ ·'omni\pmb.ce: of dl_ra~ in ,~D :iI~ :rmU1JeadiD,gj rOT.' :i,t S:1lUCSb that: a desire mum: tOEm the bams of e very mou,YaWllli :U:ut :1:0, :fact,. when, 'Wit: examine the :lopcM F~aso:D, why deUre MIDst at,W,8',ys, 'be '~eseD!)t" w;c: see 'dta't it ma I~n he: :moun<ted, 'b:y pre a sely' wha't :mo;utva'tes the: ,aotioJl~ An al:terRa'tbl'C: bam! :mr 'h't m:otlva'lion, mJUst. m.tufore be: d~led,., The alIt:e.marDv;e: 'w'hitch, J: slam, defend dna not mq'mn~ one 'to aha'ltd,OIl, tb~ :au.um'pUon, ~b~t, reasoms, :m.t, be: lcapa'b:le af'm.Qtiva'tinl~' :I,t: merely pelin,t's out

··;'b'-I~-~> ~'I~~;~:'~I"~C' Iliac:'::" '~'1ir~;" ,,: ··.·,a/il~:::', • ,-,ej\sell~· '[L-~~'~"'~ "'t1iL.j ::',~'~'",~, ~,: talt, 'wuq may ,_ve U_U5 cap~~t.l~ "r.e_~.y l~mewey arc

r,'Cas Oms", ,a-'nd DO·t, 'because at :moti~,aJIl,oaal., :l'fliflueRual ~t:01''' ,ii$ a:mong m,elr COn(6,'liOM, of a:pplim"dQtlLi'

An, ,aCC{lUDlt, :m, 'tH,ms, of' the: s,uucture ,ot feasom and 't'bmr

'i!' .. iI'a·'~;;i'\,ti!'!i;i!Ii +oi"i, ,.:1..,,..;,.,,. .i"\;i"L'I!!ii,..:I::'':;:i''i:t'Uli 'OIIi;~d '''\iO'i. A~~'LI ,j!'j;,j;,i.. .. r· 'b'"'!Ij'iIIi ... ~L'A -".:lI~ta'HI"OIIi;,f1tIII! ~·I~~~._JW1_V~_~ ~~¥ l~~:' ~U-~lIt~j~~~ ~,~, 'I~ ~J ~~U~~-~· ,_~~~ Wt~ _··y.·(.~~~llJ'-A~'~~

.... ~ r.~D"'d~I~'I!iIID" ,~:1:..~ .....,.JIi"Ti,+="'i;j;'~'O~D ...... f jj;t'!Uo.m '~ .. ,;a;,1l..we ii!"".nD~I~i":=~"'. iII;!iITn~; 'UlJ [I i'~' _ --." ~~I-N_I~6 U_I~ ._,.;_~u.·'I!·[~W.·:.-~ [v-__:, [-)~.~- .I'.~~ ~1· ~ .. I.~.,.'~· ~-_~_\UlYv-~ ~O'~~'

fiCB'ody 'MOte, Jin,tallgi;bte: 't-l.aA, doGS 'the: :meR 'postul!~ti.01i ,of ,mJte'~eninl' desIres", lit, mt:,p:la:iDS 1t'he :peemUa'f i'R'ml!6.g$!billh,y lof

~ -~~..Iaii<i;'~~'~ _'iI"i~'illra"'~AH, ~IMd," I also 'I' 'L.~II'UI! ....... e;'jL';iI·i.'f.il!' ''''iL• 'nIi'l'IUii'li..:'~i.v' pruUIW~g!illl .lI_lI!lU~;·"'·:_ !l!-1tV.i~;I;1 ~.ai.~:, ~'-'.-;rVjJ [ I [Il\l.lr~: 1'V' ii;l!llv'"', "-I~ r-~-~UJlD)':;l':


I~ :8,U:Bj'ECT:EV:B RE,A,SIO;S',5 AN',D' 'PRU:rn~:N'[C:rE,

oF' ,al,tFuis~ic mouva,uQll-oo.¢h wid~,0!at the asmtam,ee: ,of :i.m't;e-;f~ vlellins" dmi[u :'br '[uttlr,e :hap,lin,ru ,0([' t'be' we[{ar-e ~f g;tRen;]


'VI

:JP'IlUI1'B:N'T:mA,L] :MO]TI'V'EIS ,AN',n] TinE] p]R:ESE]NTT


,.01 ~ ~~, ""~'J"iili~~Hl ;. ' .. ..,. c',n.-,r,ilir.' a'" 'pn" !,.~11 ... ~1 ;jJjt":'B" :"r~iiIi' [iI"d'" ~'iL- ... , "",i.i;I:'-'.~~Hl

~'!I! ,~,~~ ~ggv-g, ~J !LV ·.·.ul'ILl.~. __ I _", ~,~·¥U~til5.l~U, !iI!- ~_._IIr.UtilI VM :Ulc~1 ,~,~liIuv!ll!,

'be'MHn, eitel, md m,eam~ Thil, is ealily' :;:ncorpom:ted ,lin:., the defi.uition of,a rcuoD~[ 'We: may my' 'tba't if bciBg' thin:ty' 'prof.d,es, :1., 'rMiOJil 1.0 [dftRk, 'dteD ,it ,also, p~~'rov:idm a 're.an ,for .hat

" ," , , " ',:Ii" " - , , " ,,- .. , ,,'- ',' "',, ~ " ".. , ~' , " ,- , , " ,

Icnables, one teO[ dlriok~ 'laat [am, be: repnied, as the [mIIRqj,U..mIcc: of' a, pe:nettly' BeD,er,aI ptopm;ty' 01 :rH:SOns Cot action,:, milt, :t'h'lf 'tfa'Mmwr; their :inIIum~ ~' 'tle: :rel~tioD, 'Htweg cuds, gd :muas. ,AR IU:a.C,t, smmmmt of dl,e; di,esu: 'woad :bllft: to, ,m,cliu~dJ!

~JII!'Ii 'tII"";'-'~Qill:' _"r' .'!'Ii.._., , __ I'_''';AD t#!iiP oIli;_Aii,'L- L-......_ .. I !Ii ,,;;iIio-JI' ,"_ ,A,L • ........ _ ~~'I'~ UtI '~''''J ,~'~~_~, ~,~ IIN!l~~ ~IJ~, (,~~, ~ WL~

'm~.' '-p:'l;iii~~): :~.l ~~~1~1 ;riiflii ;"lIi,'1i'iI1 i:.ccii?'U~~Ii"i. ",'r':w~ ',' :~,,,,,,, '~!iiI,~ftlii i@i;'~, '"D'''t'~'L,

r ,. .. - . ilL . " ;~Jllr""'~l .. 1 ~ ~l ~ ~l . _ .... ~ .. 1i.lIILi, "-I, '.' DiI-tr. [II ~~,II!MI iA&L~_1! l~·III,

,of'taeR' quaullDl, wiI be: 'tualed ,at; IHI'!ter ,llJDgtb 'ICWeDitllall,f:, 'built, :II'b.e PmDtion :e, clear ~DoUll1 in, oUjtilne'~ AI-:fG~ are :iR




:':IlUDIE:NT'IA.L MQ'T1VB:S A'H'D TH:B, :,a.:II$:IINT s,' ,AA'tf ·th_ UIIlmpmOID llJaye; 'bH:D, cr1Jtidlzed" I: _aU praM'I:

"W-·~L,,,,, ... I' ,_ '1.._ .Ii;_ be .... L_ .i'"A_.c;j, 'i!lici'"ii!"'A'nil'li,+ ~'IliIi .. ,..__'iU:Tnla i':Ij, l"~_ ",,'i '-0""'"-

·· .. -.:I~' " ~~I W ::.-!W UJ.~~ ~-U.L~>~ .. :·I'~ ~~-~uUl~, ,M_I;VUl· ... ·,I!-~DJ ;~ IA~rtlllu~_i:U. 11.~~'vI~

~.II!ii'..:'I'_ ........ '"'~!Ii'ITiI" __ 'n!~'Ii!. ...... _ ~~~a-,6~nn- d-c-~ n--""".· ~""f~~.' ~-.i\"!O, '~-> ... - •. 'U!'n;I~,;in·-.:Ii ~~_g:~l~ ~!"--U~~~~~,~ ~-I~~lWi ~r·-.i:r'-~ ... !i,!.I''!- : I . I ~l I _ rvli· l~'¥~ ~ lUte ~EtIJ~-~-~

in lttnllS, [of d.esires -wlf~ .ibeX' I~I~ ho,w' ,tD~~ i:'g_r_IJu.alce Qf' d:eSira is: fXlte-nd.ed, ·through, a :ratlntial, :SJd,mn~1

,Am, exact: dCltenll!in'a'tlon, .elf t'b.e :mq.uiren1.m,b ,of pruden~ :i! :D.ot~ :my lolli\eet'", We ;shaU not: 'be ·ooncem_ed 'eo msco\wet' bow' Dlitlich adivmce PtMUliDI' :is, desir;a':blel~ o.r' ,t~ 'w:ha!t le·xiten.t (tne rstu:ruld Itve

:;:'Ii!i; ~Jt. •. _ 'nN~'i;ili~ ~ 1l..iIi'iifi· ·~~I.·IL .... 'i .. ~,..'L. .~.1l.._ t1i11!i1!'1i:!Ii.ilO h'i"it!iti' ""-'ii'iiIi 'n\'ih~:~- - ~ ~.-~ '~i" ,~-~ lml¥ r .. L~\iiD)~,;" Ig.'''J ,rg'~~~~~, I .":~~ !lJHl~: ~~~ ,_~_)~~~fri' [1Ir~.' ,~II!~~u~ullm u:j:'

fuhu:c lommidem-UO,DI ,q '~:bta", :M;o;reovf!r" haring said ·to,t

~-:::~~=n1y~:::.m~=-=

,~i"lii~"" ·Oi"A"·cu;"a.·~·-·i!Ji' '"-n" .;;. ... jIIi, ~_~·,"",~"".Al j.!iI11i'li;liliCli #!Ii··f) ';r~i:i;IilA";1iji w- ':~~:""1i.. ~l;'1 '~W_r.·.-- .. I_I·Ul·._."~IUI_~a U.:_" IUJJ~, ,~,~~u,~~~~, ~l~1 u~. ~,~_~~ L •• _ •• ~_U~I

depmd 00, one'!i,s, desir--es aad dr.e con.t~m :[01" t'hei-r :m'lm.'e~ .WI/-· &Cdon .. This, is, pardY':fOilf' sim.,I.d·.~1 a_'_nd. pKd':~UiHl'th:a'lt [CDse Iw '(uwrtt ·wld. FtD,d..,r a),1Demad).ve8, to, 'm,' :posidO:Q. :pamoul'"

I:""'~l-'v n1ii!!IJili~rit~~:~'I~,~ jI:r:·'w; ,"~'MJ [.;IliiIiI;t"'.iri~I~ ''"i'L..;iIi, ·nt'Wi~lIi'iL-. ~b-l;iIIi.---:-iiIiI' ."".j; ,.,.4i111 ,~~-iii ~ --4 ug';~.1 .r\l~~~Wv~ ;lI1_c. ,,I; ~!IlI!!~. g~:IIt~y. m~· .r"=""...·l!F.!!q~~ "'~_~r~." ,1~w_ e::!tllllmu

Nladvcl,· eMily '10, ,oth.er !10m, ,of r.~UOnl .. [The pmblem, :q ho·w· :_". cmuidera'uons a'oou,t ·rtke· :ru:tu~t. ,a!DoBt tb.e IOll.IJ..:ranp ~lJt/oo· comes ,of aJjltemativ1e: courses ,ot acuon; [can, af1"~t an :m.m,mGU!rd ~:s· beka'liour in 'tAe' 'PlfltD't~


gS, Sll§BJECT'IV:B llE,AJ3[OIM:S A:NDI ,PRIJ[l'BN'C:B[

[l=ases, (i.le., 'W, .. t we. ,~a;D cxlplaim. im 'iter:m:! of 'p~[~~iliCl~~~~; 1 ,';d t1b~ ~-~-"I <I-_-_~~~""~-"';i" 1 ,- ",~',,-", •. '::~·L;!:~, 1 ~"~~ ~<~-~I~·~~- , .""~-:~ ,I~~" ~~~~'i ~~.~~.~~~;~ ac[tm;u pmden u a:.', .rea:sollS wlUcl wc' beli1icye ~o obtain) ,j ::mcUllJd,[

,i\"\,~'~, ~i~~ cases it does [3£OOmID,ooa:tla are JJfl>~: 1t:-'~:·d-lk..,1ll~1 '~'~,~ :' '", ,'blt~~

U~p." ,W __ ~~!;;!I~ __ ~"~ ~ __ " ~ " __ ~ ~ __ ~_~'I,.~ ~~_'\.o __ 'I!.!I'~ nmlCU, ,IlD, I!!ou.c WI_J

wa,~[ :S'G' dlJalt, thel'r :lTuluv,alt[.fJEal :nalti!l:re :is, QbstlBlCG 'bf 'Ike ~'hmTy";, tbifd~, d181t m.y' l~tiOll, skeds :P1Qrc ,ligh·t~ on. tae ope_ra'tioD Or

~-;."~~~ ~~'C"' ,':--:-l~ 'n human Ra·~ur.r.' ~I-C ,~.~":~~~,...,11.

pruumcc, ,anu 0--,--. ,--,U_;_, __ ~_:__. '- " _:__:__. e· JlD. gene£w~

jI[ 'iLl;I!Ij~~ a1r~a- ,4v' ·!lin' ~ i'i"~iO'1l;.~1 :o:ii·pjlli;~iI,"i. '~I1.:--;iI3I, 'Ii'Iin'!II:,i;l1~ lon .;'t-.a·t~~ ~, ~ ~_:- '!,["~ :::. ,ill. .\Ui~~...., _.~ 'U'.;i!! ,I: :''I'~'''\D~u...1.Ii -O-II~1!!o l!oiLiIlli;i' I""~"'~__;"""_;= iW, ,,-, , Ai u}CSlfe

.~; ,~,"(~-,' 'i""ilW"::--~": '~~ . -,,/:,lr " t'l:li.e [',-I1[1";-'V- .£:.,-: "~:C",~ 1 ~,",~ ,"~---:'I: :""(:I~_:'I."

,m,lU[t [M,~~ay;s uc pratD_, asl,, __ ~, SO_Lee 0'". actlion aou, CQJl:,I~~aQ,vQ,'

g; it. [c~ndid(mj :mr dj)~ :p~~!'Oe; o,f re:asOIQ, :foiF.· .adio:n;,. Th.!!: IMn¢\ crMcuhi--1 a~,l'C' in 'tm~ nn.sent· ease 'wiher- -'C"~~~~"·"th"[ ~~,

'lL_: CI_:_I ",~[Je! . I.p;, ,., ,[ .1,_ [[ i.C_ r":~"[ "r. :~c '_::.',[" :'::-."'6 :mme: i!'IJ"~I. comV1C-

'dOR:is. adaimJ., Oper.i!u.e .. O'De 'baLis .cor 'tne 'Wt;W' t'bat bowlqe larmy' :WIruR: deshes a·on.ot, motiva'l~ me 101 act flo,.' 'MtEO~t tib~ [Itl' of a ounCE,t. 'tBotliv3J.Dn);I' d[mt~ :r~r fa t,ll1" e: ;s,a'tmacnoll :m, tha!t ill a tri.vial. Rile ~nlm~ mow.ed,.: 'Ca.'llllot :motiv,a·t:e :m~ Mtllul!1it a desire ~tl' ,,,r'Smt'~ :B;u!t t'balt lis EUl)f' bcm'uc 'the deMre~,s .mou~ '~adonaT forc~: :Is. necessary to eDa,ble the IDfurflll'unD, 't:o 'w()rk~. but: ll;mer 'bectlU!H' ·''Dell a dJume: is ascri,babl,e to m,e 'in: ;~irl:le' [v tbe ~~F.[adol} IOf' the~ :motl'le., Olii,ce' we kav'l!~ 'UlDder[C;u.I. dlall. a~,c",. ment '{OF' ehe lomm.plaenr:e ~f daiF.es.~ 'W"el! :ba/,ve RO' HUOD teO'

'b',.'I!I:""';!I'''· tha "'" ft, [d'~l~:'Pc'~. '~, ," ~ 'Iin'"':"I~,t', t...""': p~'~"-I!'! ....... n't' ,all-" ,.!1;.,;iIiI, ,.'~'''''',n'd"~l~,,.{,...", -r'~~' -,"II' ""ry' II} I .. ~_U~-i,¥~. U_I~ _ ,~, 'A~ ::_ -~i:N:_-I. ~ ,!II--=--"~l~J. ~ De "_ I,L~~~~~I .. ~, ,:_'jIL~ ~--V,'iI= .. ~.'I.!Il.J.:v.~ .. ...J. U.;. ~'!!If ~- " ','-

._' . '-'

" _.:III ~ ~ ~ 'Il., '~'I!.. ~,.,~.'I'III 1i... ~

·'-·easo;m nl O:~:uH' rrr; ptar:arrl'lR 'hl:a'[ ~'JJle 'r'eason wru~ WJllien 'pre~n't~ ~~~_[~_'~,,~"~~~~1[=~ '--; ~: ~~='[_-~~.~.~~'~~~-'~.' ~,~, - '- .I~.., I ~~ I~.~ ·~'C .. - "'_~ '.~ __ '[ •• _~~ _;J: CcC~~~_~'CI

be caps. ble of ,m,otl.val1lng~

The u'me ;a:pplia, t~ 'tb~ ;sp~cifit ease of prud,en'OC\, :alld iO[ 'tile jJnsist9tC~: tha£ a prudutial 'desillft; mu~: be 'Pl"IIKIlit as, 'thre, 0011,'" ,UtiOin, of 'both llfI!iJdem.dall m,(rItiv,iluon and prud.enUIll. :r-eISQD!~

~, L '", r "'h fi' ··U .,. ~~ ... ~. C) r'"

,I:. ,iLiiat ma',y ue tmt ~Ul t~e :~a.nut~,ar.; tfj{,\ftiU smm~:: 0: .:" '!pm"-'

~h:n~ua'[ ttnitilMti\tnl;~ bu:t ~Dt:hbl:S' in a!n.y' [case; followsl 'for' :pndentia1. reasons ..

O)1,e doos 1I0t 10f' course: refute 3\ 'posinon 'by' l,hDwl'QI tkait bad. upIntlnts :m.a'.,' he Q~r--cd in, ibl IUpport~ F:OrtDDat~lJ m~ ,di~t- ~ticisrM UC~ aViaUa,blc:., 'Th.e aYPo.mcm that: ,aU Gmb 101

."1.: "I 'I~' (,' ,,~~, ;~I 11~' ~ ~ l-J~I:::. 'r-'c:-' :,~~:- ~ ~'i~·.JI_ -.~ f[-.: iil~J-:-I- ~ -~:-~~ ·:tL1";Ii; "·I'Il..~- ~_:_;-;;, tne .iLU~,'1[-e U~, mau£ uy pmeH~ U.ULC!lIU: •• 1.!llI ,ga,,, :w.~ ageD!".

at [an, Si)leC16c, d:me :q imsu'Ia'fl[ tha[t :h,m :rcaC'onl ouuidl: 1Umsdf'.1 ·tal~ B.a -bl'tcl[at: :In. :bis[ :mt:ure~as, IO'n,e :ma,' 'laIle: ·an .mkre5,t m the

',a'~"'(:i:~ Ilii.tf a d'is·oal~'~ [~~'Il~'';;I''",","' '~~ ~'t:a;J":=:tIi'u'ili ,lIi"'L~ ,i:il '~'ii'I'1 .,"f" ~~~ ... [ __ :If!I~,il!' 'Y'.t. ',~ _~_iL!Ii,. 'I;;I.""",,lIiiIoll:- ,. ,.ill IIC Ji,'","_iL.A1U.'!;;III.:Ij, """.Ii, Ai ,!r_ .. ,,__\1I:1: !L!U '~~:I:&'L,

=!n d!~-: ::..tl,::!.~q:o~r::~ !Im_~~

[,d.· i~t:'I.· :0:" ';'n·'.~~t; , • .". ·~lRl~~ ~~. [iT!i..JtIii!"i':~ '~m-.~iI'i .. ;-t·· ,""";t~.a-~\iij' L ... , 'a-, PA-I1'"'"

._:_ ~,I~,.~ [I" _ """ill~1iiI! ' ILU ·~~;r~-._.IIl lll!'~~ A,D~~ 1.- ••• JIWI_IiI!-.. i11111~ .8,· lie . _. ~-._ 1

'~~.j~_ti'Iii '1'j!~'LI~ .... 'iLl '~.d~-;,j[~, 't·Ili.,~ ~in:I"~m,t.· l'·'D"I~"'":~l-'~O'iii..·iljii;' ·a' ~ ··n,:dl. W:::\!"i'"1r.~"",

,~I"!Ii,.~~~p.v.g, _[I~.ILI'!\t-I~IJ Iii ~-".I_&. ~JI ill! J'_ill~ ,II. _ }L~- 1 .. _. __ l~-.m~lLl.l~'1 . u " .• IBUrg_1 g~

,~:..;iI[ .. , ,t'!j;ii!"do. o,:·n·· '1'-':;-' 'n-~'t' ~_A'I~ ~tINl!iIi 'ii,..~, ... o:~' n" I , .. ,L.... ~'Ilt'-lilll"Wiit!'i1[.1 .~'II'iIi"'" [a~'

r"'!i!i"~u:l.i ~~~"J ,,_~_;~, l~l IF4~~-;I~._· L~_~:,I~" f~~~ ~~J~' '~., ~ J U~ 1!~f.:_I.~ Iiii' ~ ._"


:P'K,·U:OE,:N'TIA.'L, YOTI:V]~~,S, A"ND T'UR :PRllS"E,NT ,39 n~'t!'Ij, of~"il..,=:-, l;'~ A" '~;i:l"1A. ~:i!I' ""I;Ii;~, 'm' ;i"i;'m' a,"'t"'aMt' epis-~- n-n-~ ,- -,,-, ~"" "f~' ,ra~:l'J [~- Jl~ '~trJ~\~1 :': I~'J ,I ... l\.; rs ,I~"'~~ ~ ~:I~-~JU(~:I ·,-i~.'~'~~·~~~~-i" ~;_~;.~ .u.ur~" ~~~_:v.[ a moel [0'

S,llIrc'b. eptsodm .. ,I shall :now 'claiool,a,Jte, on, these ctjjd,cU:ms~,

:1: ........ _ ill "" .... , 'Iil"'" :; ... o;.jli.,"~t., ....... ,"_,JI;.~ -t ..Jl~...,.jj_, ~''b •.. i(.]~, ,...-ei'i'I'1.,jI; _:r!tAl- ~,- ~,·'tlbi!Lj;;j; ...

~ '~"~~~ .~' '!ii!'LI...JO.' '!!"II." iMII, ,"',nl~. 'AlI'_~ hJl,.lIiPi'_ , ~"'lIi' illilil!i; IJIUIi ~"',l!S"'n, ,t"",.,.,~'.iniloJ:! ,119 .. '" .'" .'~:

___ fbr, ,~t n!lmd,r~ g • ~e ,of'~J' :tmu'~ alO1lgh bit be' WOt.iIh

.,peai'll,S:'" ~ it' on .~.Y I ~vc fw' :no :r'~ ii, :i$tUIUq d~ to eat: :I,

~nMMoNf'!;l :"fYi'Io 'ri!-_~.JL~_V, ~,'~it:-n;!(ij'i,. 1t ll.;II'iI ........ ' ~I [ .. li..a:~I~ 'oi;>;ojo.'i ~"'IIi'i;;'i ]",0. ~ ~,",.-..:I',""!IO!' ,""'"":"'~I ,_'1._;1:1 ~'~!""!!"!~~ ~ ~W_~'[~ l' ,1U~l_.-.:t..[1 till ._tI_I"_"cn· I 1 N.I._. _lI, 1.~I!LlI'-. '!I""',r'.III.I; •. ;. ~II DUl~~ __ , I~'

,4i----T.:P.J!;.,


[i':\IU' ;"IO"j' Ei I rT-I'~"-V".~ 'f::' 'il[ '!E'I A- ". [~,Oc: :'li;i,f ~I, ....... ~N"·ID·· . 'iQ[~R[ U~·~ ·ID·.·E'[~Ncc,qP-

'" [.) .. [ v.., ~I '. Iiii! AJI~l 1i:I! .. , 1~;'!1 ~ OJ,. II.' [1;- .. I .. ' I .' ~ [ '. ~ [~

Second- SUPJTVfOO tmat 'I [ex~c)t '[0 be a.s.&m~ed ~i!" a ·d~i'r~: in

'-"-"-. ~'- '--" - -'. ' .. 1:"' .... '-. . '" - 'r,-'''' ..... - .. ., 1J''1 - .... -,,, --,

.!If L'b .£ - 4;- -. ~ -. .,i(;.. -=-Iil;'i; 1- ·m···· - - ~;fo ""-iI. ;&!':II_-n,;o"i'1'i ,11 ed ' I iiit... &,11.30"", .~.i!"ii .,..11.... ,:I"j[i!i.;j.C1i'iIj'ill. '1' ,.-,~'Il~ ~,~,~ lUi,Ure ~ '~UJC~~ .:___: ,~-J_].I~;~ g~~~~~yf·"·,I1~ ~ -,b,~ IYlli~ _ ~~ g~ IL~Jl~ ,~~!lkl'Y,-li:I~: I__:. ·WiQJl

1l.. t E. ~ ., . ..1 L. ~ "'-b d - ~ "' . .:1[" - - ,., - ·BI·t nave :prl'Jima, JiaC:I.~ reason "to ao ·W·u.3hi: 'I:,I .Ie ~'.- ,es.l~e· lDulC3!'l;)eS,. .--,,-UI •.

'~:his, reason dees not obtaili.i. now'~, and eannet '~:r' :I.'melf a,nn:~,~

,~ &!Il7 rlr' ,~J

.d.e:riv.ati).y~~,y to, .any pl[esen.dy a,v[aUa.ble: means, t-O t'hc~ satls-

f3Jcdoo. [of the: :fu:ture desiire~ Thus In tl1,e abs~llc~ of a'oy' Cunbe-l' :reJev,3'Dt dresi'm .rD. dlie .pl[eseo1t., m :may' :ha¥e 11,0 ~easo:n. 'to .pirie .. par~ rb~ w'JJiat m :k~QW M lIka'D. have re~n 'to do tom(iJ;r11)w.

T--=-TL,:: ,.ri- -:--., .. .;i,c. ·tc .. --- ,,.j .. --'!.,--- ·-···'b---"b':·-=-.~ ,····;-~m-t -C-c;";t'b I ,liUr'Y,~. expe.c~~ "u .. ure ~eslres, W.~~QSC:· [o.:ctJec~s ~onL.I~.~- WlI~~',--.

those ,of my' prescll.t def~el lOr tbll: fb.tu:r-e [dol not: ~;n, ,tb,~mselvlM

.. ,." ,_'''~I.-., ,':' ., J' .' :':._: ,._- ,,-, ",-,:: - .• - te :11 - .... 11~, -.:~ •. -.- ';"-",,'.-': [- ~~I'''' '-11'1- -.-,.- .... ;t; ,-- '--,-_- '-';-

pJ:lOYlu,~ ,a:n Y P1T<ge.Dt C-OUD n en,ablng ,re~m a~. aJ,--,_ - - - -.nOr",. t·yen.

n:r.hna. ra~ie ·rea..so~io:I!, w'h~cb ma',:J!' be <OlIltw,'ei'~h~d. An,:l desires [aI'

~~.;;~; -;h,~'~h-~;; ~~;~I.Y' ex'p~t~d '~'~e ;~ti'~:~'n~naJ[Y' irR~'

tev'a,n-t'- J: m;av' '1'tOIW'- ,tb,e;r~tor~· 'ha'.v'e an 'ill DO'itlM sed. reason 't=O'

, .. _ ..... ,.1 1 __ .1/"_ ·"··~I ., .... , .. :Ii 1- ..... -.- .... _r··rl'r·-.'··· ... _ ..... - ....

b···:t:' 'b'" 'L']I '·'1111 L. ., '!I!..

pfom[o;t~ so:m,eh~ln.g :~utul'\e: 'W]' Ilc!n. .' I. wh, w:u,en n ,~ia.ppe:ni\,

:bavle an unopposed. reason ·to 'prev'ent-a'nd .ifl :lmow "w:halt my' '[tdur~ dt.S~}"lG! win be, m ma:.v' baV\e reasoa mow' 'to do nre(:isel".

1 ••• I •• r_. _ .•• -_-. _-_ ••• -- ••• :~ •• --··-,1 --- .. 11.· __ •. t_l •• ·1 •• _ ••• _1 •• l~~···-_- .'--.1

. '.-.' 'lb' ,"'~,~·'-~11 [~; :-, - '--,- ehe .:t;:;--!l ,.- ~ [f'·· '-, c, .C ,,·i-'F-, "~"";";f1lriJ1 :2rttem' "ts ~ 1 w .. qa:,L 'WIiUi ensure . I ie ,lim are a ,mry .iLu~.uJie· ,_IiH",f!:I,_ ------_:.~:.:L--.P',-:-.!iI-c

-I' [~-.-.: 't.~-'V;.- ·[--.-a-·,~'D to. ~lo 'w'h301t I kF1o,w' I "WiD ~:a:,ter 'b~l',ve reason

may ,u,a.~ e .r:e __ S'Q, ~ _ __. ._ ~_____ __ . . ~__ _. .

to, rf"Y 'n,.o undo, ,and, wUi t'h[~nnb~~ AaV'~ t'O· 'be ~~c.ial1J.y cauid,

+,- '1- -- ..• -- - .. - ~ - ·--d··1 '~nii:l!-'-""'m' · ...... iIi'li1ii'll,*' .... b .'iII .. ebstaeles t'H; the ''I\i!!afV'-~ mv [1.0 ,lay ,r,a.ps ;aD. [~~.u;'; .. _~L~\Y;YI"~_',l~ v_~ ii!!,\_~~,"';;!i ~~~''' _ _:~:'"' __ 'I ~l, I. ·;';1

:fut,Ule' s~]f~'~

.A sys£~m 'wlth. [con s eq .• [en,t'eS, s.u,cb .' this not [ollIy fails. In I'C· ,q_ujJr~ -'l'be :m05[t eJema:~ary' mw}s;tlency :ifl [conduct «liver 'ri'm~~ but m -fa·ct shamens dl,e '11m ss;:bilh.ies, O'f' oonfiict D1l1' iP'.roUlirWn!p' ~R

:--~~-~--:.-~ ----:~'.r·-:-~· -e- _.-. J:'~'-~,'" .. I. •• r., .•. , ... ,-: .• : -.': la.r1···--···----al '-- .. ~,

'·'~I~'·:·'··...1~[-I""'lll:1" [-[c"l:c~~'[--I~:~ a--:~'~Il-tl" :bil<~ :ll-' •. ure self 1ft the a:nma;r,a,tus of IflLylWJJuUw s :pj'o~uQP ~~I~_~s ~~g ~!ll!L~ ~ ~ - ~ ~~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~ "1"'1'" ~, .. ~ ..

r,a.tinl'lta~lt,"f'[':. njeJ~ are fb:lma'l :a·nd. extremely:-' JJ·-~en[erd dJlicJuldes

- _ - _ _ • _ _ • J I·

- ~"""",,-,-,. th ~ S~+iillm" ~~:iIi'Ii,"''' t-'h.'1 coneera ,.'L.·· l""lil!li .'-i:o"" e f:-' w·'il.·;a"iI!o· ;j:1iii

atLK,tUh,~ '~~_!~I : .. ::i~;-.1~~~·_:'l ~~~~ i_~~:_J~>.: [~v.,,~~~-__; .. !~_. lUJI..;.{ l I,_~l -Al~ ~ 'oI.~11 i.... ..'" :'_I_~, .II_1.1!


,',:lUDIEIN'T'IA,L M()'T,I'V'ES, AN,I) T',HE PIR,ESI£,N'T' ,.:~ ra'oouiJ, 'to, what will 'be rational; DO :1Jila'tter 'what: _lim! (If





P,I.,UD[lE,NTI:['A,;L 'M:'O[''rI VES, ,A:ND' 'TH:! P,R,E,SE:NT ,~,C_

'"'fi..!J'

rccasO[1S, 'tiley' are :mer-e].y w'nims" ,to wmch it is; lrra'tionaJj, 'to :jl\'IDtacn

[;Ri¥\if!jIli'!'~:IIl"''U,:'i'': i:w1:'p':nr, ~:I'.:II'Ij'II"""~,, One ~~~u, r ,I,~ 'r~cr, '~,A, 1P':~\'3iill'Jf:1"D,,! ,eQ"" ,i':!i;~.'11 , ... ;\iI"i;iH ... .,ii~!if. a ~ . .R!~~_~_ y'~1 ~_ ~ _ ',~, .ut ~-iCAi-_lllt'-'~iI .. , l ~ lt~~,~~ll;li, ,~\:.I llJiU l.~-a.~, _ , QJ" Q~_~, ~'~"~I~'~-~ Ql

desir,e~ tna;it (befie~ ~b,O"J.d,d be :PiJl'fS'~,ey (lift tbe~ :mOOD, ;a]l;d, do 'w'ba;[ ~I'l;,e '~u'ld ~Ol Sm,uil~,e so,me ~n,~o] the n,txt. alvaill,ble :rocke:t:;, 'o;(}'e:

'.' 'Ib, ~ '~1,~'1,_, b Id '~B hl ~ 11., ,"" ~ ~ ,~

mi;l.ll,t; ,S!l;.,plI,,' ,~e t.l;~,e ,K~,e'a~ . ,lot tl~o[IS, IS no;t 'bH~: :aUeged, s:tahu;; of

1ibe ])tr.,o~m prud:enital desire,; :h :is sU:P~~ eo 'be ,wmetmnl'

,~,~, ... , m'·, '\O:'i¥'~ iII'III!!~;II"iIli'~if!; t'·,'h" '8,"'fi1 QI W'~''t'l''~~ e:o"'im,)iilli1t,.'iLlt'ili"La ~u't:l!: ... 1t , ... ~~\iiIi~c.jiii -fiI,-p;O;,-;'''c::~:

IHoIo [.,' .""_ ,~!I,o<iIo,""""!I,oiI'li'~- . · .... 111, 'K .. UilU" ii!!'" .. ,""!IioU!IlIi~"".IU!l"oJ:iI. !l;;-X,,,,J"l!.iiJ' Y,C!!;;ol!lV'C

claims on our' rid,anal condu,c~'~ W,e' do, not meJiely lib dlil! idlea o,f our o.wn r.,tuj,e~ ha:ppineS!;~

The lfIYPoit'bes-is, m;~lbt be saved -0; W~ [call1d. djsc~vler sO[fi&' th ':'~:~Q'lS.' ... :u~· t': '.'~~:i'~' ~ni':!i;''''~I~'ll~'i"",~,' d~]~~'~~· w',· :b~ ... .'L-:~·p~ 'l'~~';':'~~"'~~':'~~ ~'t- i:

_: _ l_I._I:_,.Jt~, ~~l .. 1;., 1!._l~I_~ r~I3J':'U~~~~;~~'C 1.:- _l~d:~IUlr~~ ", "'.'", ': _.I~~nIJl [UA;.· \ -g_j.l~~l "ri'll-~;I:' ~: ~~ .F,J~~i!l!

'vid,es, serious reasons, 1'0.'& tber-e is a m,utih. :simpler.' aJtema'tivce; ::, :nz:mie~,Y:'t tnat snmdr'hiin, besides a pru.d,enJtial a,al'le :b,~s at the source: of :pntde~;tial. ,reasons" :mm,e;thing' d~,a\'t aceounrs COif the mU0naU,tY' botlt '01 :prudentla~, QO[iJJdu,c.t and ,of pTu.d,endal desb:es" wWC=h, t,UJm ,Ol!l't to 'be: mod~ated as, weU, ,AU these ,c~ndl'diQ,nS Q:III!: :m.et by t'ne; SiUu,~turnJ, fact,a,,"' al~ady :mendQin,,~d~ A ,desh~,e: fal'

...... ,T'iiilli,~"ifI' ~'Ii't~'I'i''i''-.iIIi; =w"l;ij;'U1 '~;iillna ~1'i,n]1,~1~... "'-!i"it:'~'h"il .n;t,:i,.;tol'·~ ,Ae~i!i:"j:i;"" t"nl[~ 't,1:..;iiI; ~i'll,J.I~. ~ .L:~,,;~,.l~ ', .... IIY-~ll,~~-~;IJI~,~lajl l~~o~' .JIiKJ~ I~~~ _JiCI_~_IJ_~ v,~,~IJ~" U['~'-~~~~ I~~ ~JnIJ~

iut]ure~ :is, :pe.J!fecdy .int~~l;g;.ble~ :and. dlJ!~rwJ:e an, a,ppar-eDJt call, .. ~:Uda't~ (Otr the: sou'rlce ()f':prtJ,d~;m.'t~;al~, reasens and p(t'ud~n;tia'[ :mot-i ... 'v;a:tion", because ,~Jt ah·,cad~' ,~'IJ$ ntl'rf~c;U1lf' ~,.:i reason , in 'the ~l!i"il: ,;-

. ~ . ~ . ~ ~ ~ .. ~. . J ... r""··· ~ - ~ J 6~ ~ .s - ~~" ~'~ ~~~e ~'CL HI

o'f i"u :fUitlll,e ,objiects~ :DceJllre '[Olf th,t S~'ltisr~etiom ,or £u.ture dlesii:res,

is, ,ju&tUl~d, a.nd :mot-l'v;al,teo, by' :reaS~n's w'm,cll the ex,pec!bl~iofi, (tf s;UJ,c'b ftJ'tuJie d,e5h:es :p'rovideSi~ ,!,ut :[f 'we ,flemo've 1flle: :su:pport or

h { if k h d~I" t..., t... ,. '," 'L

5UC~~, I\easo~s, {b we must ~~ we mase tne '~eS_!l.'_f"e: tUie~'1'" ua:!U, tll~n

~Jt becomes a ~ef,""],·~'h~ whim ~'~~:W': ~'il:l!~'; of ,'-~iW:: str '~I'C, i·.~I.;: ",c',]t;·::,,:,~ '_ ~ ~_~c,~ _~_es ~~ ~~ ,~.c_e,~. ~ ~_~~_'~:p, UIL.U.., ,- __ .y ot. a~_,y S QDg :raIO,m;alL

.InB,Hence ,0,11 oon.d.u'ct;" I:

T,he atruct,u'[,a'[ 'eondi't~i(jln, wm,ch ~,OCQiIJ'nts fOcf prudence .is a t7['Gnerail, ene, :a:nd, doe :inlQlt a;p. I :rw'hl on'~,y.' to. I''CMOlll.$ st:e:mmina; :ftom,

D li! l lrl l ~. lal

desires, It. eQtaJ1s tna;t; tbe Im;Ruen,ce of' reasons ean ,!!.;Xt!":nld O''''t~f'

dme~ 1leca.use: thie;z;~~ is reasen 't,o'lJr(),m(}t~' t'iiu.\'t: far' w,htch 'dl,ere :h: ~r ,will lJe a ,reason,., 'T,be: :€tdl, :sta,temen,t, ,of,t'ms, oondidof3, and :i:ts bll.,t:u,pret:.adon 'w,nl 'OOCJU,P'Y' the ne:xJt two c'lbapn,e:n;,; alitd 'wi.n :re:. q,ui:re ,c~r:tmn ,rmeran Qb~~ifV .. ~ttOn~ a,oouJt :re~ns f~~' ~(;diojn beflond these m,adre 10 r:a:F'~ Its :meatl!lng is; si1n:pI'e' 'eoom.;go1] :how~.er'::

,I] I',., '~."'!i.t :t..1>~' " ',iIIi...ild' ,~~ '1:'i"'~)-~·-i;'Cf''"it'''t~'liIL", ,~'~ ...... :",'Lc,",:, ..... ~c~ ,;0;"'0:'" ili.1:,_" ~-:;-~'-;;~ib-:-: [-:!I'~-" ~~ .. ~ . =~, '~_'" l~ _Q,_~, ,rA'lO,,,",_,nllll!O! _I~' W""", ~ ,iI'III!I'.!..'I!I.r ~_, [~ ~ __ ' ;eli' ~,U ~al.r!!$,~

!' .... _", •• c.:lI:'_iIJ" ' I""1!n7 .... J.~''t. ~~, ... '~;:.,",;j,., ~iI"!IJ!' "'"_, ~""c_ "'_'.,.j~,·...:.,i-..lll 1-., ,_~ ......... , ..iIi"~'~iii'iID"

~~'ID [ -.-;~. 'T!r-';_!II~_ll ~;~~l~ ~!IiI4~-~-~-!!I .'"P-"'!!"'-,.,' ~,~J !g.IJ~J ~Ii~-~;",·~ .. ~ 1#.1' ,~~_!!~J [U~-;~l!!'l~~"

hm thar 0bj~i. :r,atil,er 't~a!R Will ,~'~ ,iQur,~ o:r':Ii~ a:nd, :modlv:ad~. I: :t.avc :~ Q~ tb_~' q~,~m.t, of'dnlT~ '~r' ,tilit¢ lUltU'M ~nuC0mparnIed. 'iIy ~M

"~-'-':lII;i:I!' .r~_ .. 'L_ .I'j,irO .. , ........ ~: '.~' '- ~ ''0,.;0;, .. ,.o:'II_i_, ,~".,., ... ,,,,,,,, ,._"' ,~~I_,'U\Ii .. 'I!. ... , """'iii~"'1" - <~,-, ".n, ~ji..,::. ~--~~U'~J ~ l~~ IJ~~-~-~;I! 1~~_'!r.I ~ ~~,~ !I;Q: w~~ I~; '" ,~~II~t~' "'!m~ !!r."!Il ~~A-~' roJJIil· ~_.:_~ ;YI_~E

t'b~ :1 am. att~n:!i;



VIl

B.:: E-(A"~,'" '8' :0:-' 'N' [:S,"~

: !','ll ,", ,_: _' ", '_ , • ,1_'

:1 Wc.,do,~:baye'tc[dc:~ iI.~te,~te,go.ry',orn~tlvc:~:!,:b,my'~!I' gee Pwldell, ~- ,a~,,~ 'l~i!! ~_c:e ~f,_ytChipJI' kI;wNdb :it; .jpBet.

~-}-·u ib-~-=--:-.--,_"~'l_.-,: [iI;:; .,;-, ""='7.-'---.' ~~_i.;_. (jII, C' --t;-!,,~ :-:--;.'4~1 ...... , ,-, .~---;:_- '_, Wlu,!la.Y1:i ~u -1lII ~'O u ~¢I' y ... __ ,.c. ~ W,IlIIU1, ~Y~ iii, ~.I"!'-.

u.~ 1:0 'which :it: .Wli~ ~. whli¢h. ~, ~ prIM 'tRri,tmy., 'WIC,~"wdr ddi_QC:: [Q.- '6c,~1C 'whloh,:kWI ,0f';., _em, ,. b~J~' fl"ile; :rKm~ ,of':x.,

~, 'I'Bwn.I' bidot~ 'too' ~.a 'WGt-d ,t~,~ 'd:it:!~. m',A,. A. ~ be .anliCt" CYa~,~"cl~lll¢t;t,:ltatc r4~, &d, ~"PI Q'lbu"d1J_~np. u·~t A "bOG, ·Uon: ·1PP1;y· 'to· I. :~ ,~ 6ke, my"~ ,c;m ·ite ndio, ~, ~,:i'om :~:~


4;8, ;S,·U"Dj:EQ"rl. V':E RE,AS 0 N'S AN I) F:a V'D':ENH:::B

It .m'IIl$'t be m'en.tio;ned .. h,e~e flQr f~J)ttu~·e· .refefe~ce: that ·tllris [(b~fi~_ldotn, eontains :n'O' f.'~Sit~ct~aFl5' an the natnre o:f ,t:h~ :p,mdilC,~~~

R 1'1-' 'iHI'i~~' ~"",,,..' ~~ml" "p"l~' .. 1"ii1 .... ,'~I'i~I'~~ ''.IiI r ... .a ............... ~iil"""" ... Ii!;i;i"',p, ofthe "Ii1's"r·~'i'.i;I-..'~p

I Iill I ,_I ,I;)j~[t JLVl.l, "_r.ltlid'iIi~, 0 1,1 ~ \ JIlr. . .I~~,~,u.Q,'¥ Q Jl~,"-}~ ~~'~o~'~'~~~~-"-'I Iy:_. ll"'-I '!I!'~ '[~rMlU'~

n 1.·:'W·'.'.:~>3i.tl" I~ "iJ!'~Si'~ll, 'I"'.---_.t":,.;~"",-, 'Iii_A.I ~.'!iI! .al ',r~,~.·~~ ;l'JI'''II:l!Dlt·' .. :'!I.::!!,:Q;'~,~'[L-_····.'i'''-'\, TI i-h·,:··.'i.fl'il~: f-I-'Il--[·ja. ''''-.-1'' :iI""~!iit, r \, __ lil~... o'I\1_1Q!Ui ,:!'a ... ,~, IOu ~D g, I~,!!;,o"', RO"" _ .. ""U_II":.'il:l.IUib'''~,1 " ""'"~ 1.,lll!!? ,Ui!lt ...... ,S!!!o,

iCit[~i"'i!;iII;iii''-!II'l- 'lI"jj!Io''.IiI!lliO·'·iI'ji; of'o'~illiil!!i1rIt;;.JITji;,;j;;iII;"'i~eo';j, ,"''''''iit''I~ '~Ji!'Ii; ,~t··'~+,;D;·-11 br-:-:~ '11-t·.~:-~:: ':n \.. .. -:-. '~'1f'-:iI!:I, ..... IUi ... ,II'~ . ,II ..... ~ 11.1, !!UtI, .. ;n •• U,· .... u ....... "'~!I,. "' ..... u.wu, ~ .... f~l_-U.'''Vu, _c Y J!C,_,[wQg: ~ ue !!.\.Iite

pr,ed£(::ate ~, OJ ~, '.' :ls: m the: in,teres.t of p ~ to' 'Tll~ 'coM,~'U,e1'i~e' would

b~_t;~~~_,~n,y_:p~r~~~L:p~~~~:~d,:~~~.v~_ p~,i'ma :f~~ie :~eamn. !Ol p!~m,G~~e

,~~,y event ,A wID'cm was In, Ids; interest, The :mQ(),ll ]Ja ~:t~lI 'UDl'",

v~r'5a)" ,ahbQllllsh, :1'1 w.iU, llOl[ ,p-r-av.ide' (!:V1ery(kQe l'rilth :prima, :f~el~~

rp~liCRfi!1Ii!i!i, +:~, 'HitlR,m-1 ~ ,;n:+&> :""~,i:iI~ ii!H!ii?'iilii~ ~:i!\PI;jf,j,'ii':JijI . 101 I -',.~ '~'m-,:''N'Iii''''*a.':nI .... ~ 'Af~' trh'~I!I, ,.,~~'~'II

~,~~w"~_",, ,~I!r.' ylll;,LV~.~~ ._Wi~~ :U__I~ ~~.~~~ ~ ~ ~~'~lUIi ' .. _ .''ir.- l~_ :: • lr ..... t~l ~Hi_" •• U\ .. ~ UJ .. __ : _11_.;11 ''I!1'.I_I::I]

emerge la,ter,.,

It jrs :naw possi,bJe~ ,tOr SI',Y wluu: prudJe;~l'~ial :r~MOIns, dtipen;d on, The ;fioti~11 af j,fl.M1Wtr.rtg' an [e.nJd, 'p(l't(tSle;nts, :U'I) ,special ,ro,ble;ms, [O,f'

""'h,.·~' 'p,·~!lt,d···I;ill!'I:'!I;.,~.~a'.~ ~Qil"~~ the ~1Ii"'~lii!" ,q[li',~;i!!!~" .. ion l":il'I'~' under ·wc.:::1l..,~,j, ri!"":o'-~!i",

[L . ilL; ,: \L [1l..L ....... I!U.li~l, """"'13''''', 1Ii.-. ,,,,,," u,u,I,! - .'!IAi,,,", ... I .. -_ \loll .. ~.' '~J.II,., _ ..... [ ._ : Jiilii!il.[', .... , J.ili,~,

'Uons do 'wee: ,h~\'ie: a, reason ttl) p,r,olmo1te a, .frJtrJr~ end '?[ And d]~e ,answer tu, tlu\t ,q,ues,u~n whileD ent;a~ls the 'v',a'lidit,y ,~r :p~UJd,~1il,tial reaso~s is du.s: ''Wte: have a reason to promote a~nY' event, 3,ctBal O'f :possibte" ,if':it is, ,t~ns~l~ssly' truce: tha;~; ,at the orne: of'tba,t ev~rt'~~ a, :mamn,;;,pl~dilc;3!'te~ ,a,prplile.t '(-1] It. Ifthe ~:ve:nt :;9 past, on~ eannot of

..lI 1-.~' - to 'b, ~!i'" 1L... .. ~, - 'b,~.=

,oo:urse. UtQ an,ybii'D,g to' ]l!llQ'M'o'te :1'~'~1 lout :n' t',Jilie eV1en.t H :~ll'~.uf\e~ t~Jij_ij,

~ .. 11 'b. h 'L 'b-

'pnnCi,pt~~ ,lIas tl.~ e consequlenc:e t~ialt (H]:~ ,:-1. a preseat It_DB to,

'prornQt~ it si-Olp],,. be~a'Q~ ,th~ol1'e will be! a r.ea$!on €b~ iJt 't'Q I.i'a'ppe. :w:hen, :i:t; ma:ppells}1 anid :O,Ot. because 0;[' ,any :m:rt'ber [cO;ndi,tl~.n,

"':h.c,~.,..'h·~, [0' ··Ib*:i".i'~c":,,,~! ;ft"'~j'll_ '1":1-' ~:,eo: 'li!"ii'l"'oj, "ii1*"'":iiti~i!""I--:-~:- "'~"-'!i;t-· ''''i~l. 'i!',iiIIi'liiri}i''''~''iI:'i':ii- 'n'l:'\~·.:fi::l ..

W _ .. ~Ii;o<.. , ,''''''''''iIi~ U'Il!'W" ,-", ,J;O;!i ~JI,""'~ u", •. ,..., .... ~...,ly [.,~1~, _- ~u,""" ~,II;,. J ...... ~ GiolliJ.!Ij. rill, ..... eW'

eate a,pply 'tt.) the eod, at tbe cime~ of aetion, ,So' if a [CORmti<ln, ilk

'1ii'~'~;iI! .' 'I,"'rj;l'~ :i"'T"~"'-i'~ "-'!II, T'r."-'!IIe:nii1i1 ~ir;;,,,,,, A,'-,- ~''''I~~-..!i;i!!i;d·· ,""'f'i!olo!!i;''!W'~'n, fii t, '~'a·t· at '6"iIi'b-I~II";iII;! ~I!I.'~~ l~ TI'~~ ,WI ~~~_pl"~ '.1 "' ~~~"'~, lliJIli. [' [ ,. ~IJ'~~~~~.~.: U~" [~~'Il'~' 'I~ ~~r ~f~ [1iI,~ ~ !Ij. ~-_~,~

~ilt' be ~ f\easo~, ,for ,A~, ~ve. ~j-hotdd, :say tnat~ 'di[eR is.t 't;en'sdmd,y:', a F~ason, 'fol' A tn, oeeur a't, t, and ~l~rlvauv.e ~r~MOn DOW' ,to "j}omot~

,,,,,~s, ,OO········· ... 'i'~I~'C-.· T'I :.:r- .. ,1l.i~:" '!I'iI' .. 1"'1".";"'..;'1 ,;o"i;F'"'11V a··d·.·I~ ,,..,1).:~r~' 'ij-\:. 'r .. ,O!II'!l'''ijiiD··· ;:":O'!t'" A .. ······. ,lllti- __ . .: .. -.:~[~,.!I~_~~'::-~'~I .:__:.y IU~ '"~. ,~Jl~~ yllU'1 , __ --__:_t~, lI~l~~, ~,1~,~ ,~,~-~, -1, ,lI!l_:~, I',

to eeeur at t :Dit1U.t ,exis,t :bldep~Dd,en.dy 0:£ t'be lieu 'we' :may UD,o,er .. , take :norw 'to promote iJt~

T--I'~';is '1I\if[i;'l-.u"~~,""'n' ,;a;·.",ljjrililli 'in"":"i'iE;"~~'I-"'V ~'~·'I!'~~~I'1.iI11 :~r~'~':"-'~,~~ ~iIf~ ~,~~, ,011" ,~II'iI[~,'f:'O,"1

,Jill . ,~ ._ '!JL'II,I, ,,!;!i"'~"\IIUi:ll ,!r":;-...Ii"II,~[l ,t UIiJ!T,lU.;I!' ..... i3 rill , -"" r~'~ [LIII~"1I,. ~1Ii.1Ii""',lrIII,

in its :geaeral [OFro ::: Does, iI reason ,illpply deriwtive1y' bl, acts, 'w:bic'b. prcO'mQt~ an ~nd '01111y U: the n~asoD. hn].ds i('J(Jdm't: ,.d ,Bit; 'die dm'e~ [of' aetio~, ,or does ~.t also' :a:p,ply' if,the ]!,easo1n 'wUl, ecme true af'the: end, or~il'Y la'tet'?


. ..iII~ "":;1'

I,~ PUma. facle reasons £0[' :pa.rtlic;ulfU· a(;ts are ~nt,e'l"medlat'C between geD~-l;a[ r~.Q~, ,and :pudcular' concliltsiomJ., ,g 'to wka;t: is'boulc.1l 'be dane- fin 1ibe: b~a:n~ce' of' all a,'n;n'~icable ,e.o:ndd~m\tiO:M-

_ - .,. ~~.~ ."~~_ •.. ~~~_"._t ....•• __ , .• '-rlr,r.t- ."·_.~.t ..... " .• _ ,_,_ .,l .. ~ ~ .. ~.!P

I'''l'~all, 1it.~ ;i'!o~,~p-~m~ ': 'm_'I'!Ili!'cl'~'ilrl -, ~oi!'fI;'I':I~ ~liJ~"oi;,'t 4t'~",,~; ~~~!"Iii1:l!" m~', '1"lrLI~'"'"~ ·p"~lm. ~ -. ·-·a~-. ~-~~~~ ,t!l~iI,"" ...... \1;1"'-' .... ,. Jo;I~ ~JiIli,o.li,.l!'"'.~IUil. !!I;U''''''',"@o.j' ~~~ "".Ul",Jll, I_·~~ -,

facie reasons are :a.-.D.eral'E,M- alld ~lUdllea;ve9'II:;de: the q"-'~eluon

.- ..... -~.- ~----- _.- -. ~.~. '--' '--'--,:Ii --~~'-~ ""~~~-~- ~~,~-,,-~, ---~ ~--~ __ '----~"~.--'


,~ s u ~BJ B c'r rv E, R:I:i.,AJ!I,OI'NS, A:NID ,P'll U I.HlN (IE,

:~~~:~_~_[1'~i~~~~ . ~!:~~~D::dt~~, a'~~ =~~:s~[~~d,~~~, yidd:~Ide:~~~!e' ,~~~~'

([~Q:n:s. ,aJ,b@lJlt wkal tbe-J'ce ,ts; Sumc-l~111 ,feUfllD, to, ,dl,o~ Tmis dilV,I ..

slon is, Icomd,!l)wly' udftdal;, and does DOt, imply thc: 'W~ 'that

'n("'a'Jii!"*~'C~ I' j'i~~J!i!'ii'1iintl_l·'~Dlp' jj; ..... irU~I"; .. 11:~W, ~1'Vi~a- ,.~ ;i'D~ ':t~iI;t,;;"ii; ,Jij;iriil!\j!I~~f;'1iA "~a~ ".,'iiiilli .. r-il, .. _~U.··-iI!I !Ii~~~"'_:._'~ ~ta' H~!Ij.- Wl_ll}' Ur"'-~ .. ~~J.I ' ,_.·n~ [~y.t~-~l·"'~ ,g.I,J .~~'ijJ

:fi:nit" ,a, ~is:Uml' of' a]1. 'tAe' pri.'m;a :racle~ reao_ (eadl, 'MJtk :~'ts ;a'n.pr-opria't,c: wei~~,~)- 'th~n -,a, ,caJ;::,Wa.U;:;n~£' hc:!W'- t'h;:~;:-7 ba~~n7~'

Jr','- _ - -- --- ,,,rI!!I.~,J!I! -- .------' ~~--~-.(:.~--~~Q'-~ (L ,~~O ~--~~:r ~~~_,(L

out.

It: :may' 'be t'kat sta(:'b .int~rvmiRg' 'v,ma;'t.lles. cm 'be: di~PCDSCd with .1n, a c-.om:plete .,yst~m Qf 'pn,e'ticai :rcuml,ji wm,cB wII, per ...

\.]l-";I'mrJ~] :-I'~I:io-,'!I\U' .. ,'I!-- lilli, d !~'~t ~'·~''ii'!~I~'-''''_ of '~ifi;.~ntlil'n~-.-- '"''In-~'~'il~j';;;;i!'i,-'i!i;;G! I:IL.I:~ ~~.'!I!!W IUlJ~, .~~~!I!r.-~l.: ~~c~,~,V~Iu..~,~~. V_. U'\r.I1L--\';" 1.~_=Jlng)~~, ~-U~l~~~V~gl

a_~1r:'-":W'llt-.- 'w",:,,'b-c·I~,.t'·' t"fri; de ':'\~m:,- t'iLt~ ~'o,·a·-1'- 's,vSiii', .... ~ ~f)~n··;iIIi,T',a'~ ~ .. ~I!DO·-:n's' 'n'I'II'I;a<

--.~.y], - .,~.~ .. 1, __ ~, i1:iI"'!OIt_,~iI,I~" ''-i_''',_, -,I,-IIj.,'!i!i;I •• 'I,'.·u,lCI!i .... 11;:;' ... , __ 1 Ji,',...~_' .... _~ ,rl~~

£uf'tb,e{f' :i'n[~~madon~ Bu,t at prescm;t: I bave no such ,sy;n'C'Rl blot' ,in r,eaJj, life do 'w,e: eperare oonscwu;s1!,y wiJ,t'b, ,sueR a I,YSit-em')" ,and "tf~r~DC~ to :pnma, :faei'e: .r--eason, is ne('.~ary' t~ ,exp~ dl.e paf',.,

bal, reSQU1 tbail, I: 'Wll~J;t to propose'", - - -

.iI_ .. ~~'ii" :aqi'il :a--'o-~I;r.tv~ij!li ,of I '~i'i..~ 'tl.~ Ii 'p-o'"m"tol!li' ~.:.·"..i_, 'Pc'1IIi"!lilill'Aft ii, ~ '''''lriiii!i n~, ~I IVlIIl ~~ .... _:_ _ ~lllliiMl-1iI! 'WI't I u_~ .· ... _~._Io_.. ,!' .,. ~ '_ ~ H Ji.iI~'1.i! .,'-r.Mii!I-!lil!ill'I.. .. iii U-I~ ri.J!!W~

I:ent t~ajtmm'tj w'mca assi,lW' ,ilt a place lin, :relJa,tio:n, to, certain,

",,-,",'iLl -_, and .:iIAIi .... ~Ob-AC! L;i'\';t\i'1l' n.· ";;',-,~ ,ji"i!'i'~ -. '-~-!':iIiift"U'1i a~.i;ii\il; 'i"i'i'IId'l h--i"iiI .... O' 'u~'I~~:~ ~~._'_. U~~,!1 __ ~,~1 Jrlvip' F",~U~g I~_re ,r-e~~ :~ .. :'~,~ ~-.'~.' __:__-~Q'

the,' can 'be derived,~ ma,,' 'be: ,r-t,p.rded :u lltselfa, :pa.rtJal, aaalysD" S:il'l!ce my' disc,umon ,is CoODemled ialmOlit enti'rd, ~with ooD,dltiom from, w:h!i.c'b, the; :pr-eencc ot, 'pri.ma :racle: :r--e~ns roloW5\,. :rath,et' 'than witb, what :rrl, 'ttum, wllo,WI &Om, 'tha't,~ t'~lt. amalyab :iI mco:ml'" 'plGm~ O,De '.,QuldJ ace'k to 'oom.ple:te :l't 'OJ the spccmc31uo:o, of

,11nn~pits perild~I-'tk~ -d~ri~~ti~~ I~f ~~ '~~" ~m,~

CiCDlt rc-.oU'1 and dcC:cmvc COt1,clillSioIlS ;a'ibo1a't what :mcndd 'be; done" from pmmHes, lta'dn,g :prima mete' r.f;asom~,

I:'t 'WOlllld c,[early' Rot 'be mo;u,gll", :mO~j' tOI 'begiR Mith., a

=~~D~;~~r;r:;%~;=:~~~

Of wag;bul'l\! pri'napte: de&i\pe.d to, peld :spedfic rational 'HlIulbl~

~~ ~ I.,ha~ .~~ .• ~ Ill~ ~pld~ ·~o~I)II~~bi~

,I:dl,owed Ike: denv,arUOliL of decw,ye RSuiIu ,w,glit, ,not, bave: ~o'

(WperaJM' t'brollga the mter,Dledia'tr: :factor ,of' prima, '[me :retdODI

a··' ',j; ~:~~~ ~:O.'i'Ii; lie ;ii;;'! .... ,j~Ii':V, ,"""~F~~ be ~-~.;',Mb·c, .. --d·1 s; ·'p'f'l.T'Rl'l~:-'~I-,*","ilv_ 'I~>-Ij; m~, :'" 1!i:IlY, .... ,,"'"'u U,W""l ~uu. .' .. "", 'W,~o;, }"",,,.' , ,·.·.,it' .. -rnaiIloU'. ,~ .. II!", ,D"i'"'''-':....-R

tn:at I ,sm, :h~: ,m,teult. lordy 'OB, !j~g' the ooBditi.mH tmd)er'

wlUdt,,~ -Il,~, .~tO~-'~T-,PnG-~-,~~~~~,(iljJ'~~ ~~I

OD, B, ,gii,ven Kt at :all~1 l need :ilot IOOlimtD,' mpdf' with, that,

_ iii' - ~

q'i!iii'_"'fift ~~~V-~ii.

. A pD'ma :r:aci:e: I1CasOD :is, ,sUn"pliy the :mitUmal ratlonal,:mfl!umcc of' a geaeraJ, r,cason. OD, dl,e :a:ppinpnat-Cl1cu of,a pM1icuil'H iac·tkm,~,


,; ['Il!;e:'~"Wm ~,~,i b:,~ted,'m ~,m'whkh,'.:~':m qr~ b :mlldc:rtt1¥' ._j'P'ifk:eQ:t 'Cg ~ ,~[ti~ tl!io [de'U~~. ~ ~sh it mar 'be: ~~, 'bir' ~~ ~ Wie ':&eU)d, :mot; I-ri tot' [ •• mpte, 'ibat '.

~~.~~'~]~t~~~I.'~,tb~'~~'I[;~,t.:aU~'~'~:~,~

~ .. ~enlMY ~ rIl1t~lIty~ roule ~CI • ~, to tI!b ,It dli~,

~~~tiY~:~'::,=:=,t~:n:=~[~'~~;,

W;P-. [!We m ~ • i. :F<Jr' Win!'.' • let: _ ~Q, ~ 6e:~r;dt.lJi, ,IIi q,I.:IL'dlJr' u poiMlble. ~~I; 'dic:y 'wi), [~t\ ,&I, pr:imD, ;liC;,e: faJem on, m,' d~~ AD_i:plr kaUIC tfI.ey ~ dal,w;'bl.t: ;hm, ,.~tci ~ ram_ W(bldb, app'ty :int&g,~~,

~,:r~ '~~~ :1: .11 ~,iUi¥ ~~~ whM :1' m~, '~l~ r~~ :~e.wJi!l" ~ nil ;ROti:on, wUj, hAve: to, :t'CmItn l:llldtlfi~j~(t


5'i SUBJE,[CT',~:V'E R:J1A,SO'N'S, A.N:D :P[R,U:D:I,N'C'B

_,.J iii"'c!llii'n:nA+ t'Ii,o",';;-n,-- 'I~y' L_, -- 'r~"'d a" 'n":II.!!::II'!n:O ,"'_ ,,.,1i.., ... ,., ... nd· 'I jE' ..... 'II!'I, _\i'illl'!I'Ii!'iIi;"""'_ [~~~g I~~,~~y,~ ,~l~:'Y~;-~·~'.'.: [~ [~~- .. '~~, [_~ .y~~ ~ u~~ ~Y-.:-_il Jfj[~~: [~~~~"'J

alJJmou,rll die' a'tltenduc'¢ of' [each, fJ'l§tlllbm;' [01 a, ,pml~pb", [d~,

=::~=::::;aQ~·;l:er:==:t

a means'tD IOO[ per ce~;t: a~t-e,~dmce', Yet \,'::,~:' :Ibo-nlld 'sa v' 'UiJat :1, -, ... .. ,I .~n.. D,.", ' we, ,. , "1- ~

mem'ibcf' villo hadI ,cason, to promo;t-e :1 H 1,a' ,"ot attendance

,had mer-cby' ~easo11. 't'o ;B'lUC'Dd- ,bjJmsdC :1: -

But the mJos:t ledolU, ,o~on ,from the: ,daD ,of me'aM; :m ,~.D,· acuoD~, If one b. fc'ason to ,J)F.-omote A,,[ 'OBe' also bas ,r--easo;n, 'to 're&a'bi "from 'prevtl1'd'sg It So 1.£ an Bel' '8, lis a me4'111 'to me 'DOD·'

;~~~n~~ · ~f' A ·.'[o~·e .' 1t'~~'~~e~I~~'~ot"~-do,' B.: - B~'~' 'n~t dDU;~,- B

_._.·.~.l~" '"'.~- •. ~~ .~ ~ -Ji "_" .-'~' ~~~ ~"-.~~~' ' __ -_.~ ~ ~~.~ ~ ~ .. -._~I.~I,~ .'~ .~ -_- eJ I .

'w,-~-,_.,1L.,1I Dc,'.>.;'~I~n~' 'l~' ~.""' [.,.1\ ::-r'-[-"~'"'"'~:~I~,;~ [--,:~,'~-~ te ,~ .. ';'im",l·c.' be .. ,

_. \Owu __ 01, o-",y_anLY ,uti uesUl~ as a ,means ..-'0 '~I ~iJL~,p. ,J .~ ~

[calISe ,\i,oin,I' :B, W,g a :meS'D5 to, DO:t~.~ :N[e':J/ertReLm ,if'th'e latmr c-o:ndi'tion, ,obtains;, b: :(oll!QIWB 'ubat if ODe A'U .reason, 'll) promoleJ: ,At, one ,has r-eason Dot tn do :1 .. ,

'The fesu1.tts ;80 far' :may' be ,ID'DUllill"iHd ,as ,follows, = If a ~D, has ft~m 'W 'promote A" t'bat, ,giva, ]Iim :rcMQ1lii ttl,-do H"if.H, bean, anY' [of th'C :fo'llolwirtg :reladolU tOI ,A: I( :1:)1 D, is, idc:nttea11 'whh, ,A,~, (I) I ~n, pnXI'uc~'t sustain" [DI"' [oOlil,m'lbult~: to, -rktl' :ptod!Ju£oon Or' !rtu~ '.-n,.-~:;i"i;tH; ,"':'t""!"A:'-·".;o, ('[gi~ '8, ';;G! ~I 1lnm: ... "-,11~,:,.. 'D';iIl,!",_aB'ir"V eo ..... ;~;iji;A'IjI; O'if'A- ~',1 lAl.)~1 1"

\'~~_·_:luU-H ~.:. ~~l . .'.;11,1 l'~· ~l ~ ,J;-~'D~C~:.: ,__:____~~~_~ I' " .... -.-"!l-UlJ'-'V-.l~ ""t I,' ~l ~J~:: D

coosmts, .~n, not ,d),O~D(I' 0." :a'nd a - ~a'g allY ,of F,[ela;noDS (I' h (~h ar [(~) tcO' ehe :nOll ... oeeurrenee [of ,Ai

.. 'Iu,t: of course: t'his, ,can [onl',,. be 'tAe b~~g of"I:be :ma'tJt~r~ :mr '-I'" ,:: ,,:,,,,tU·:I-:::t'O:;-:.-;, ~'"'" (;'~I~-[ld"1 ,;:-~, [:'[ : .' l:an·: ..... j11.~ '1-" a "\ite: indivi41!1:a] laeR: WI. ,v,urea uc: comn. ,as acts av .. _B'U'l!: to a S1D__g. ~ -~-.--'- -----. - i.

hearing' ~fU~; [Qf'~ relations, to it glven eDd.i (M'an,,· ·wlil 'be in~oln,padbJe Of' red'WJ;ditnt,~,:) lOae req,~i~ :5n, ;acJ),cld~n, a methtXI ,of',,--.,dj=- '~.--;.' 'au th~ '~-, ,~!'~~ (,c: .: -,~": '~ha.c-;~ ,~=·-rtheDl\ iR l'eI~' [of

cC~ Ol'.~g ,_;~, ,.~.ae ,acM \01" pa"c.'..~~ps, ,seD, Q--" .. ~.,~._~" .~~~ .. '~-,It'''''''~' .~.,

their amlta'bii:£r as wa.JI [of' pmltl:odnl' the: [!!Ddi ,m:g 'mGt., a :m.~r.e'

~n::~·~~·;:::~~o:.~~=~:!tr

them;, Those~ [[e]iui,ve :stfenp; slu;mld [govem. 'the; settltm,mt; Qf' [cOidlicts betw~D, [d)i'Reren't ~pDmary' ~RI' in, tftek' appHcadoQ, to a single, aet, 'B~:IJt, I-baD resmcrt m~ to 'stat.iRg I~_t -~",~~~~,~ .• ~l~~[,~· ',~:-,-,~,-,~:,' -:~"' •...... I[ ... ~ ... ., ,~'-[~-,,~~~,--,-~ "~~I~":~:'~'~~~~- .. ~.~ ~[~ -:'~'[, .- ;".; ;~tlb .~ commJtlom.s, mr tme presellC.:oe, of pn.fOa faCie ,reaSOJilS £Or ,atDcC _ ~,~,_ . __ =

fOl' 'mat purrpo;se 'tile' ,geD't:ra], ROnn]), mpromotiD,g' ,aD, C_[J;,d,:m pod, EnOu,B';A~

I: A l~l" ru.ftjclat: [et.)Milt-iDni for, a md, [d.oeIi not; ,~t II '. mBW! dl&Q['~, ibui~ that bjuit u we'D ~ P Ii (~ ... ~_'Illy 'mtEiclcmt [corKt;d. 'r. 'ct- 'but: ,I; :~. to ,u'

," is ~-.::~-'i;.' dIQ. 'p-C&',~a:'(~.':~"~; [~:, ,~.hourdrJ.iI w;.,~~ ~ .. _~

,ii 00 b:u!:Jud:a (;tl"


'ti The tb!_ud :matlbcr to 'be cx,plained, in 'this aeeeunt ,of'deri.va,tl,Y1t FeMQlliIS, is, tn;at the existenee of the candillti\ol1S w'lrtclt P([c6'v,~d~~

tbf:i '~',:;,;'el~ '-, i ,\ri'-;,CI-'-:-::' ,--,-, -',-';:;'-,-, ,if::-, "--;-I"~ '~;l~ '~,;-,;[-'~,;-ti' -,;-: 't: be ,-dJ ;-'-=.~nd' hili i\;

____ "t"m SS ,pu_JDLW:Y ,reason ,lor al_D enlU, ,HIm!" NO' _ __epe_~c~=",

'on tmlc OCCl!!I'rreItta 0:1' :the: acts tOI 'w:hich. t&at ,r.e~D ,a:plp]iesi ,1£[1.,,,, 'v,advell,y,~ 'Tha'I: is", to ,ba,v-c a reason to p:ro:::mat,c: ,1':0. ItDd'~1 0:111':' :must 'e1C,poct that 't:Mre 'wUI be a :rc~n fOir -it 'Yih~ct'lu~:f one undertakes t-o[ promote: the end ,Ot' mot:" In mis. _OI'Y' we ,elbnlnaiLe eases ~n 'wl1l¢~ a ;s.inll~'~ ~t: 'bo,th ,~ea!'t,~s ~ :pf-rIOiblem :,"01" dIe' :lIu"tu~ ~uld th.~:m 'ooDrtli'bU!tes, 'to ,~Jt1. lol)utlon~ :Fo:r ,exam;plle" :0: I ,rem0v,e; ,t.he gloat' Qr Bl,J 'alieoe: :£ro'm ,ilm: himges J: ,shaD be: in posseSiSioD, of a -dj,oor t:o install.in ,tb~ ,n,ow d,oorless entranee 'tOr :m, (lIm,e'C~ ,Bu,t dlc: :r,~.O\n, ro~' po$5:~sing' suta 3,'[Q 'U!_na.tt~tibed, deor will, :noit exis,t ~nd,e,en, .. nelitd,. of my a!d~ptinl' ,t'bia, measu;~ji ,00 :mmov,bll' ,tbe door do~s not. 'pmmo-t~, afl [end fUE' 'which, dli£!:e is ,piing 't:o 'be ,8, reason, iRdl!'JXnd,t!-D"tly'~

Of rourse: 'Yi"t: sGmetbnes, have a reason '~O [(1)0 'wh:a!t mil sl'mm]J .. ta.Mud,., ]:momtlte ;1'0, [end, amd ,rnrWd,e tbe reason :for 'tba't, len,d.~; :' • 'Wh;cll.' 0[-: l'-'~--]I~' .::[ 'l'~.~'~':'-::-I 'I<'-bl 'b,~ ;.;:-) -,'1-';-;, 'h~i,c:,'!in'( ~-:a:rfil-::d [~'mje.

as_. _e~_ o:~~e _eams ,,,'0 ,p:~ay Sqjuas __ , ~eCiU!lse" ,~~~_Vll_g aea e~_:!![ Q~~_

'~'·'i'~~ ~il';ij'iIJ'",.' 'n;'[a'~:'IFU"- ~l'"'l"~ '~'I}I:~ be abl .. *"0'[ m'II;i'!ilc'-;- ':;';"'-iii" AfIf'il'~I''''''''!ll!'it!lii'i'''l':''j,- HI:' 1,0000""'1"'!' WUiL ~-\liil..J~', ,rll.-. ',.:r''"''''~!b:pi ~~~,y. w,u~ ,"'''';';; [~ '" "i~ "','" ¥\Jia,y ,~,\!,~, ""'"uJi""".r U!.irl"'iIiJ;l~,., ' ,,"' ... '"

'tle fU'tiOlfie end, U 'pJa',yllo,1 !,q:ua~h, the' future reasoa is! dilalt it wiU 'be 'e'-njoy,a'ible" the: prese'fil,t m,efl'llS :is, ],ea:rrdn,1 tn pla:y !q,'tlClSh:~ a:Did, 'the £"uJliJ!:1"e I'easom, [at' :pl:ay.i'r11' iSQuash :is, B(riE ,go;i'DI' to' [fX]sr't. unl[tSSi 't'Re: :mea'nJ 1'51 un.dertak"e~,~ [Oi~!U~ 'WiI1, :not re:~Joy ~p'la,i;ng' u'fi~,eg5 «rile:

lea '~;it, 'l-hU!i' ~

~~~ _ .. ~~l J__Iv.f'!I!':!I'

H-:--F'O-'lI\"i!'~'r,~, :::1"1 t' ,'L/:S' [;;oo;,'.IIliIIi.,_ i·~'~] ~;"", ''.III'II~ ;e,"III~'jLl [~''.IIIe:~, there '~"" '!lI1'1'ji :i;nrfi~ .. ,

, , _""","'I!'''''',I, ,au. ,10 _ 1I,.i~"""1 ~ Ji1!1, "dill gUJII"ooiU, II;,.;~"'''"'-t, !I,. 'Lo, 11..1 ,iliOI ",ail, Jiu.u"","

pmdlcn;t ,1(lc!Hltiomal reason (Uc[' p~lomo:tirn-l' the existcr-lice of tRa't

,t"i;'f~';I11~ ''ic .. o!'!II,iIf......-¥III_ ~i _,iIi'_ _ ,~- -cc 'n~,_.,,~~:;:·"C' B' 'f:~_, ,;iliiij;'!; lovab ,'rllr'~v "",rc" [~'ilil' :","[,,]'1)0-, ,~~~,.... ,~,,..gil;!l1,;l"~!!!1 ~"'~~:' ,to:r ,!r\!; 'I!;iI',;I!~~VYn.I), ,,"u,~. ""~~J'I.,;i!' J ~IIJ,U!ll"'l iI;;l'__:, r .. ~ ~~~;!o

m'md}ep!Bdendy- of' th,e ,aetual uod:e:rt:akbiJ!' [of tie means, ,tb£.It~:

'MD 11..,_ II"."" 'n 'i', '-'b, - l;i,_ -, - - -. - --, .'L. - -- - - '~-c - ~' ,- -- ~ -- " '- - - C' n-- -,. 'b- '..},~~~. ~: ,~,easo:~J ,n) tie 1,(d1ure" as t,IIJCre ,a~wiay,s iS~, 'to w,a';_:__IIt 'to ne

ltapa:bte: of'derJ,Vlinl' :plcal1!lK nom 1lS, man,' harmcless ,ac;tivitilet; ,M· posaibJe 1('v;:llHeas tb,eJ'ie: Is, :110 :r--eUOQ, 'm 'bdnl' :h, ,about, 'tba.'t:

0.-.-',,,,,,';;· 'n' n .. "";.,.-Ilill' '8-- [-:iI~fC ~·O' .' ~iIi"[iiII': ~:,,?oii"\""I_ Th'-i :,~··t;jOc:~, ';'Il" '~~a:m' ,,;iill'!'[I" ,~~ 'n'~:-v' _,lI.&~, , ~ [~g! [ J u.~,. 'Wi-__:. V!!!!~~· ~ Y\I~l~~')r~ '_-= ~._ ~_I-'~:I~~ ~1wl ,lIoi.'" [l~ -~'[ _~:Jdl. __ n l~~ ,r-JII'\1

HJ,llUJ- IODJe ,€lOCI prODlQle 8'n end, :£01\" 'w:hic'b, 'the-l£: is :bld!!,pe;nd~]J,t

.... IIiIi;ll~n .. "n- ,i'l!ill....-~;!I .. II .... ' ~i\.;, .. ,~·d:lb~11:',ht, i'"i.f> '-ni'illNl'm'ADt' ~-~~J" u_~_~ ~I.~~-~J u~.~ ~~~--.-·lU~·I· [v~, ~-~~~.~.:, .. ,~;~I_:~~_~JJ~~~

[There appear t-o, 'be t'htG~ typm, [o£'case::: (' I ') ,~,ln 'wWCb, [fi~:e' has reason to, pmmote: an end if'the'~ .Q~ds. ar 'will hold ,of

d1~[t: . ~d~' 'b,~t: '-:B~ - ,~~~~. ,~di~~ to' p~~ole:" ~r'l~I' p~e~t' 'the:

,~g,~, of' thaJt FleaSOD;[ 1(2) cases in, 'wwcth. one: h'a! reason ,to P[,o-' ,mote :;m [emu if' t'he RasoR aolds, QI:' wiD :llol,d, of tl1a't end!,. aJi,d

'-I'~';-'7' 'ti(\iIIi":i,ilh"I.-H; t"~" 'n-!Hf:""..-:o-t"-.. ':,-1f- ~~;i;~~., of !",'L[a·'''' 'i(\-iIi,- '_,""'ilI"",_"_,-,',-,rII_' I, 1'''t'lLj~'' t-] [~,~.~~~ _,~ ,!l"'\!;.y.iY!~-"!.!I""" Yilie ~~\""'U'1"i"'" __ Ul jl" Ji'L;~,lIIl \,Ioilli:La' ,15


:I [~~ '1'Ii;,.;.I'i:----t:' 'iii:f~:!',~,_ ~~ ..... ~I-_l; ;.,. ,i':I!Ljo,I[_,~,_ ;t':!:_.j;_ ... ""_,~ ,_~~jjl;li!-,"i:.~~,~ ,~'~, I:;;;'!

~iI ~_~~ ~'~;"l ~. ""'1.111 I' ILI.II. liF·IDIU .. :~r;~p.J ~;I!J iIIPIII .lQI'JRD.G Ii .II:hf~.. HI!

:~"-=~_, .. I';~ i'~ ,!i.r .. ....J~ ~~ ':a.~~~ :S-;';i'i'I'&i'".IL ~-,,;jl H~~"""\ [~iIi"~'iI!!Iiil.' ~--:L; 1Ii~''I:,

l~' 'r~l ,grt~!I! .f1"'''.1!1 ~!II1 ,lg.'U..J~i ..... _.l -. - - .. - ltli - !III,r,~,II!l"~ rw.-"'I_~i~l ~'.~'''I'''~· [Ii ~l1511J !I!~J.'


'n EI . .t ~nN·." iQ! 1ft nl~ iQ'V I"·; [~

c ~~lr~"~'flit~' an end llUlt'U. ~It :is. 'tmie 'that the l·e'MO!ll .... ·n:redJQ:u·e h :::lds

prom.e_ _ __ ~. ~. ~. _ ~ _ _ _ . ~ _ _ _ ~ __ ~ _ .~.' ~ _ _~ _ttL

or will hold of tluu, end, Alt'erDadvle (b) a;rn(J~'D'h '10 ,I·n .. 1Dtm-·' .. :preta'uoD, of tenseless truth as truth. In. an.y· of the ·three :maJior' t-emes~ :It :~, :nOtt an 8lba'nd,o((unell,t of the 't~:m.~l~SSill~s of :~~a~olllS beeause aldXOtU\gh tke oondl;d~fiS 'w.h-itb. Clon·fer a fe.ason ~D ta'l] ,eve nil: ha've De¥D, ,to:I'l'C~doo :not '[10' be ,ti;m~].us~ tn,e v,ah~e which tlbalt .maw;n e;m:bedies. is ~stU[ 'timeless; .a~nd, [CU, tr,anlmit: i;o, in, ... :lrl1eru:e from fU.'llllfcC· to :p.tj 'OI'lU'C: it ~s clear that 'the ,eason. wiD. R :pr.--esmt., 'We :may' t'ntruOT.le oondolue to s,pea'l( ·or umrless,

- d 'b I f' h" mi'" .•. .. h

- -:- I -::: i~- -1-, ,., ftl"ll!! ~iII!HliII''''!l ~lII\n· ,ess 10." ~ .~.,'.~"'" ;i"O;A','i"1';' " :I)it'ii';o"i;!i'liili'l .::-. '~~''rl c c-·~ ~

.rclt1SOm" ~__; "" _..... ,""":U~ ~~_ ~ __ , _. ~.' _~. ~!V~!I!_,--I!4'!;;!'~g~ Wlill-. 011. ...

deeimll.S· 'ibet.w1eem the t.wo· .lnterp;r,ota·uons '()iR'e;rt'd abeve,

I fi' h -~ " r-ms" i, "aJj [Tb fi

1 : rut 'M,o.;, un. =er qut!uons grow 0Ult 0-" '~'~~T, :UU;t]~L', ene, : .. e I 'r.;s1

.is 'ma:tJ, I~:vm if no, ttu.e pT,tdicu,on can, be made a.bo.t 'tb.e future eccurrenee [of' a certa;l.'D oQ,ndiuoo} lit is often 'po&Si'ble to .rusipt ,a. ·,m'ba,biUty· 'lQ tha,t, 1OC'Cl)lff~nce.~ and s;llcb .. p~Qlba,bilildes ,eD.ter in;t.o,

'ft~~,j'O~":,";_'1 'iiIi""'!IiI~Z!ii¥li'~'I:"Ii'''', '~~r- ~'am, ,', 'fP'~~ '~'Ii '1lI"'1'IJi''t!!' 'ift- .,'h,·a' j, i:'i"1':"1 .~ .. ·.tj'a··1v 'iii':t-a-::-: •.

,r-cr["~Ju[~ ~.I~~""'~~_~iIi ul~~ I ~ . !) ],Jlr'!i.r lil!lj.· 11_1=IQj'11 ~ 1-:·' 1", ~,~:01 ,II IYt~ __ J~t ~~;~~r~,

:ls' in ey1en ·d1:a'nne of an. mrUole' rs,trihe~ all, 1.5 Ma:y::. and, dl:is ereatea flcamru :for ,atitioD r~lat~d to 't'h.OH· w':~id.~~h are ,mated by the: de611iilt~ :predictiiofi. ~f ,I, strike;,

!II do Rot: ·pr.--op05e tn go, :m:~n ~t,'h'is matter at al·~.~:ROit 'ooca.use: .it ,is uD]j~portan.t.~. but. 'bOC"8rme It :bi, Il, .pu.ft;etly ,ge~~er.a~l :pro'b:I~~m, a;'boult :p1"actical r~~m,~. and DlO£ ~ :p[L'();bl~m. ·Sipec;1.6c~'m,,.. a,oow:t~ pcrtu:lenda'l moti.vts,., :E",cn. 'W:IH~~~Il. a, fieasofi,"·p~ed'ca'te· ·a"Plp,les m;neq.ui.v-ocaUy 'teO a 't7:iiJmt si:tua:(~(rj,n~ pr.ob~ttib~l;:t;ja, rna . ., '~ll.b~r bi"~O

"'If;ili. c· -'b· \0..: .i1'.''''~ : .... f/ ;o.I;1'1i' a;, .... + 'if. "';'::"i"" suited to '~I(',Oi"i!m'· ·'0,"'\010 th ',;iIIi. d ~I"i:r·"""..l end ~ IYl;~· '._ - __ ~-~Oj u· U;ldll IA~'Ir.· ~~l., [iZliU~.'I'~· . " .. " IrtlIV\ t. =~:_:."~ ~~, .~. L.~_l~. ~ ~~_~ ... _:_:~

:Di_l"e.reDlt meLDS, :ba',Yl! dlfit~enlt pf.o,ba'b~li.d.es, 'Qf sU!a;eSl~ W,b,'eD, d~ie end. h, :f\tt,uf-le';, pt"iO,nabJU.tles· .a:lterct, t;h,e' rSita,tU'9, Qf tb.e ,end. as 'we'D ,as thre [c::Dn,l,ee of'-mictbods; ,tt" promio~e :~.t, 'but ,this isjust: the e'x.f)en ... slom, of a, feature' w'hicb. penltt:'2des p'ractJcal. r,e.onhl_g" and 'w:bic~h. :is, 'belt trea;ted In. to,e [CQll:text of a ,getl,eraJ. :sr5,'~em"atic: t'he:o~' ,of Jli~ e,W.~m ~

Q~ .. ~-~,-~~

Similar c-on:siJd,er.adoIDs prevent me :frl{:lm ,alt,e~m.p;tiJnl· :1. m:~iu, .. -Don, 10 ehe In;al p:fo·bl'~m~. 'y+'rh'i}c'b 1.1 d1'~s; H,ow' do, ,i'lrj4~ ,aibout :ftl;tufe~ ·condidn1'lSi~ :U eppoed. to tb~ tenseless ,'ru.d~ a,oout; t'hose 'oondh[OM;, a'ff~ct 'w:hat :p'rudential rceamns (.n,t has :for :prese1lt acnoll, 'p' Wkd'he,' 'Qf' n,~t; theft, vnU be aN ~·tlln,e :s~rik!c: [on, 1:5 M·at.y;, me; mai, believe tha'lt tbe-loti: 'will" and. hence bel'i~e' t'balt :;,'[. :lsl Icmelmly' we 'cha't. an .. a·~nn.c .5tclk~ ooe·lIm ,o;n, :15 Ma,y,., O.ne~ wiU tkerefo:re .itliRe 'tJha,t, one bas eertaln prudt:ll,'tial reasens tOI :prepare' altn.na\u,v-a, 'bUit ,atlts.' one tme:mrb(['~ :bav~ :slltcb, :f'eMOtnS. 'PI

~'.''',.'''.,~~IIiIl?1f;_~



VI'I I.

T'H'_:~ E'~' iI'N::""T'I,''C/:'D ~'Il:'·' "Ii/',T' :'-'A·······,·'T'i·'''IiQ,···.·,'N'·:':' QI"~

, ,,", .1", ".D,D;.,l[, "'U' '", ,Il • .: '____: .l'J

PR'U'M)E,NT'I,AL R."E,AS,O,NS, ,: :[:D',ENT[TI'Y ,0··.. 'V,:' ''qJ 'R·, , TI~ '~"M.· '. ,.' .' 1i1?"

-,-, .I:iI1"",_ ,~,,__:, ,--,~

r, lIi,t. i'iIIi ~~fil'W"fl"'~~lnI4lt' ,~~ n~.";'d:liIlii' ~l~ ':lti'~'J,;,,;~~~Jt 1"'1..,., 'n"""-~-=:'-·";;;"'~'

'_'j@!1 '~~I'~ gU~~_I.~.iR!~~_I~, IIJ.u r~·~'~'F~-,~c~-~' ~~ [Ii-.~~rr-~~*~A· ~ IUl'\.!l' lr-~QQmJU!tll

'OOlU,ti',aiUU, 'OR, :pr,aodml "~a.son'j; because; w1!dlO1!l't :UlcB ,M. ex .. ,

r~~;~~~~tlta.~'aid<.o~ ~~Y.~e~;'.~~~.R

,mQl!li:varlloaall psychology I ud ,not, a ,5pCaftcauon of ge'.I!l1D~

,~4It~~1:'Ii{:-'~ 'Nw'lri,,"m'iII!DlhIo ~n' ;;'iIiillio-:'Jl'!'iiftl_ ]' "iii" d ~ ti!li'~, '~~~'ii'ii'l!'\iii'iil!!i ,,.Jlilili,Jiii~~'!liLc~ & .. w.V-;g~ ,~~·~-.: __ ~,~:_~_~~ __ -_JWI v._-~ ~-~-_""~'~J ,_,~ ._:"~ ,WV_'J \Q ~lIiYl~ a~;nJ~

what :peop!e KtUaly' doJ, :dn,a;: 'dley' do, DOt ,ailJi.ways wHo,w' tbe cotlll.Stl! of ·prudence'i' 'Ra·tiler it, :1s in, part a ,dtSCripmo:n, of' ,sow people 'bellave,l1 amid in, pa'R a ¥t~ma'dc; attoUlDIt of celtahl In,t!ui'oom ,a'oo.'t: how' they .!IJmuld be'bave:~ ,mfbdtioms, malt ,cert3-io

r.nD!idH~''':::nn. QP,.' ......... 1I;iiiOi,.9im'~' ,jon 9, ,.J~du,n.-'iilIi ... ..,..,d 'O~..,'L~:No i:_""!'-r·a,nt

~. :: __ I. -_.- ~. 'llg!U,~-&~ ~l ~I ~clllr.-'·"·~'l ~-Mi '~I U~" ,V~_II ~_IU .... lU_.lJ~_~,1:J.1 lil!& ~~VI~_.}-1!1

,iDmtiomsi ,aoou't the adequacy of ,certain jusDfica!uons ,and till ci'C(iuveness, of' catmo, cri:ucisms of action .. ,

:Nrcrw' dlae :mttDDom" ,UlIl their' iD.llI!_na on, ac,uom, "ould, 'be ,set: fbrth ,spiemadra1Iy:" aBO ,tbe Fles1itt, Dli___gh1t men ,have ,tD fOrln

,J',-. '",.-.,,---'- .. ..:1:-''' ,--,--;j;.._ ,~'~" ,iI';'\.,""'_ ".,:,t!.,""'._ ... , ........ -, ";~.iPo . -- '., .... ,~ ... _~. -- ._'JL

W ,a, BOI'IDauy:e IJ1~Y~~ ,!lUI' '1l!J.I!C [~'~lIl!lm~ ,exp~ilOn, '~, ,!!!iU~

'fUPOnIa hal I, :normativt' f~i,nl~ IU'I; :u '~ :mattu is ta'ba, :00 (~a' thin 'tM'~ we ;maU be; 1d; 'Milou't aD, 'dleory ,about' rhe

'~of'~:i~bd~~~tm;-~~~ts ,tb~~~~ Ot:;~~

we: ,cgtlllIUJ1!, uaadt: :m~ adV,DIIZ ,th~; 'poUiibil,t:r· 'dlat: theae partlcu, .. lar ,inJWlidou; Ium; DO, ,md~lldmt:' ,objects", :dJat: dt,GJ ,m' ROt '. be ta'lfm, ,M, iad.ica'u'OIll m;somei.ttiQI' 'IUrnh.ft;" 'wMcIb, accounttl ,rOI'"

,;1,;11 ... ....::_1 p"~ri;~ ·an-..31 I' iIIiii'ji\'Iliin'rti! ,;Ij"t.~~!I" ''lir-'I:::.lL:t-v liI!Iii~d,'-£" '!Iiii,.L~""L ;i;.',L~, U~;· . _'., .. l~~' : _ - ·\.11 '_.Yl1r.,rw.:WI 1Il~- ""'iUI~~'I'jl ~~.~I~ '~ 'ri~, ;UI-~~~.:

:may 'be; Rplded, ,II, :perc--e,pdOWCi BH't die ,oppWu view:'" (ha't Rc'b ,ilUllritioJu; aN, ,objKuve and. ~essi au, g'pia:na.tioD, which, mppom th.Ur ~ty:" :u, ,a'lso :poaib1e:~1 aad I pMposc: to ,defend, ,it,~ TIIti w.. :q .'mm.' :rtom, etDia,; do, ,oU' mtWloou of :mora111 nq:DliRmt:DftJ, ea aonoR ,DaV,C any' d~jee)tive baaU ... 01' are 'they' ...,' iamiitiOU,i) :iint:emal,' ,oouiItcn:t hut witlmut o'~jcots: :P'l

i; I'D, ,a,,~ KDR: .u, it ,I! ,FiGni, ptOblm, ,ot ~'iiD,:~ _' ~ ~, Rpf!d, ~ 'ors.m~ mtu1tW,e::Ii~ ,to 'lbc'\WiiW)d" ... :, ~'ot.,,~Lq"Q'bJed1ve ~iZa" 'wticb 'wc! :~~ 01' :~; ~~rity'~,. !be:~, ;w, it\.amI,ot'

lie ~ ~:v.'f . - -


I,~ In tbe' (()lloevnl1(1 dis ClJI mO(ll, ~ sh:aJl e~1l1oy 'dle QOtl~R Qf ;a" ,dat;.ed lfaSOn, in oontr.,at 'w,hh 1ihat [of 9,\ tbnele!ll[ O;n:(!;~, Timele,u, t-eB'mm; traurm,t 't'b!lr ,mfitUe-ll(.-'e lo'v~r' um[e :ill t'h,t; 'war deseribld,

,i~~~~tk~ ~:~r~~~ ~ba;~t~r'i; ~,_:d~'le~,,~ ~~~C1D~~1 ~~:'I~t~~:.:, ~,t,~~~ ~~;,~~~,

11lI,P]?Orts[ aC[DLom to ,pmmo1!!!, ,II, ,gt-n'B ~'Iui, looly ,if tn,c ,RUOIl'-

'pr-edicat-e I~, be' ascribed to t'ba,t [end, in t'he: ;,t:l1mi 'temt I:t: die:

'ti"~m.~ .iII!' ~if',a,"":.;~O!iL~ , 'I' 's'b,[_I~'i ,j-r'V' M ~itlil;a;'I~~ ''I~'Lf~ '~~I~ ,;a'i!l".ro~p:: *,""'~,r.;",, !'in".~I~V .'7~

,,' " "-' '!i.dl, 1I;,;1Ii.I)';,I"J::& .. ,,", ,ii:SlI.l !I._I' [LV -r,b"." -iiI, "Ul",:U" "U.'!i.' Q .... ~" ... Ui!l;i ... 'Ii;!' ~iLii!!, w;

dated ~~t'Jasolll ;!~- d'"c-tG' it 'FailOR te !:deJlutf ,with IDUc!',S 'i7Uitl![Nl

:d""" a:d," ~n::-in,t[~~~uri~UI ~-s.;~,·,~t~h~~;~~'I;-:P~:I,' ~tllft:~t

\11;::;"';'1 o:::~ ==;!~ from now; thm .in six

~b,,-:I siball :bavf! r-e.uon t-Q[ I,pc;a'k, Ita][a'n~ If]: 'regard tId! oBI" as a da!ted, fe~n, ,thm,~ evjen, p,t;~d, :m,y:pme-1l,t::.o:ra'llc~: orm.c :la;ll(p.3JIe!',[ :1 carn~ot, cOBcllude .bait :1 :lln1W' b~,ve ~tlSQn tOI emQl, in a'D, Jm'[fan c-nurseC) slne~ :my r,easOl}, ,roil" I~;a'kimg' ,Ibdia'g, 'will, not

,;i!"'oI!"ft:'ill1IIi ~i~f.~ iiIIiiU=iIll~~~;iIi' t'jI'L'ii" 6;'!Ii!' M' .'.II"W~ ~~~~'f"'_I, 'I~' Gl'm,- ~n'l!\C,'.~~, '~'-:iiJil4ll-."'IA 'r",",,1 ~;U&~ !l!gJ~ ~'~['\r.I"~~ ~v.", [~, . _ ~ .. '!IIi ·H·'_'W.~1i [ J R_: _ J IUtl] _ ~ IHJ."J!"~~ lLU

w,Ot. ror :i:ts amv,d" (irta'Usuca!l,y:; as lOr the: onsct of'the' elecB or a dnt-l'~-wailt (milt '1,0 ,pl,vania me: iDitol actiOD~,

~[~'.I";mm;ii;; ~,,,,, "-!Ii'iI' '~"""l~~ ,"~ 'm~ ~rV 1~~~I~"oi!'ii,'ijii:,...1 '~pr~D~~if:1iliNi~ I 'aDAw 'f''lfcili' flit,., [a [Y,,r r~-"" IUIYlL-) Ii.:& IOiII!Iol ~.'I;# ,:! ,,' g,WiV:~~W, .I: , ... ~-~,iIr-~1 ,:__: [---,--,!>!, "'-' u~~~,

w!C'tC'q 'EOI 1"01 'by 'M!thO:ut :leami[nl ]:taUam~ :Havimg' m~lcd~ mm~"", how 'tll 'board, a p'la'JI,e, (we may iima,gi-n;,e 'tl1at: RI,r ptuct,mtial

b-:1:~1",1~, ,:" ,'[, ['t, ' "Ce' ,," ,"I~:,;iIt, -:"]:'1, =1', ~.C [i~, ~;[i~rC:'II'-.'~~: 'ii''Iir~ reasen's a [[~"'b 'wi:th,

. \li~ ,q nO' ,comp, e-,,~,., .. , , eo.l'h~1D,p~.a!l/,c ~_Jlle ,reuo=_ s __ t'l.1't_, ,c __ ," _

l] L'!,l~ l. J;'r


:1 MT· - 1'I;ji ''0, 'Dn, 'mil '''1''''A'-', '·T'~ 'Ij'O'· ,'., '11('111' [0" :', F' ]D'.' , 'U'[ 'ID'~ 'N,'·'i!"Il"WI" ,~, 'L R': 'PA" ~"O' ., 'IIi!I"IC'! ,~R

.. ,&:,[, EI!,AHI~-,A~I~,,~,,~.:_:,,~·.~-~ .. ~~I .. -='.',~ r·.··,·<.[ ·,.EiJ··'w,~Jl,A·-- '<._)~1~,,__::[~·.',,·~·,~1I1~ .J.l:l

:-:i~a.ch.~1 [ii!"'i;lIrri'nil;iitV, w:" ~~!:::~'~; ,""'~;'i!!Ii'" t"~: A'" ",iI;'~;al"if~~ '~~ n'-I,..s;'II'fIi.' '18-:' ,ft.·"'l ... ,~

u--~,, __ -_ . __ ~Ul ~"'I~;~1 ' .. IID.I,,- !\r.IjJ~_II_+-o U_I.,,- I .1 }U~.ILII~.. IIlID~ r' Inli~ [_, ._-~ ~

l dacem.d, 'the: la;o[gwaty, ooUoet: m,y lUllaF, saU a [eab, an.r1l 11lddenl.y :it :is 'U,~A: mt:~ ,m [caRRot te'U, thG; dJdv,~l" wb~re J: Waft't

,.~, an 'jn-- ...... iili_;O'iI1i:--'I~~ iii ii1it..,;oo,11~ L,."" '~~):-:~i"".i'Ii;'iI'~~ ;iI!Ii,.d,';- 'ii'~JiIOV,jIi.Ji~, I' ' ,..,'L.-aJ].'1 n I ,.~,' ~. -, !I;U 'D-~' r:rQ~!a..lQ;u,l.l'f ,~, !iJ~ Iu.;;; ,IU."l~g ~l~ ~~..:__: ~~U' ~I ::_:, [:5I:.1L. , S~

'[", re :t~ '." ,l!m,;' ~c~':~-.' .-;~[ha';-=;-: aalJe m::i~-·~lfbrid,:[~ to, nur ·~;"~~I:"''-;:

IIKC,"-,l ,0 pfOVlR, pc . PI· -. - ..y&e. - . - y - - ,p__j~~

it p:bqse 'book, a't the ;airport ne;wHtand.~

ORe: impma:nt :r-eamo1ilJ mt o.pen 't,o ID,e ,Is rsgr.et:J 10 lon,I' QI I leQDllUtn!lle 'to rtep'nI :my' reasons, :for s,pealiRg MtaJian as dated ,and asl harvin,g' ;s.dd!em],)" [come :iiDm' ,rornl!'.~ :1 CBnn,Ot: :m&ct R~W malt J:

1-'lb~·A·~1Id,! 'Ib:,;o!il'it...-, '11"~~7..:11't~]fig wldle: ''III' h~,d:·. ~'L.: ebanee ,r~-r' "lI,ili.)~ 'J-'

1 __ }W,,-UJjI" J [_ ,Q'I1r ~~'H~ ~M? ~ • _~.~~._ ,~, ~-@-._. iUJI~ ~~. '~~'l I'U .. ·"!f.1IU~jj_1i ,_I

;1..,-.,011 .~'L._, _,'ii..'--,i'Oa ~ ,..:iI~:d~1 '0'·0-" h-"·a"'·". <Ii"~'iiII!! •• oJ!Iil iIII AD' 1j -a',[' ',\iI,,;IIIiL, ... :i"'a'" ]~' ~-u, ~, [~I~~., ,.IIJ. UJ; .. J ,I - ,_,~~, .. ' Y","!!w IU..~ JjJlllir.~ . ':11 I.E ,U. "[",: ",I.QQI lUI __ ."" . J

• -d·· I ciilli!i!ii;jiiAn ... ~ '~LD' ",-:' a:·' ~iIi'iiiil*!lP~ b, ~i~,j· iii ;j'O~i'~'ii:!i.t'ilo" 'ii'iiI!!~ ~ flll"i~~ 'n~ :,-~,,,, d' '-, .... ~.l, 11ft·· I 1iji__".I_UIVUre.u. [I _ ,.1 _.' ~u.I.,IiJ~J _- ._'" ,~. ~~Y_I.v.!Ir. '&~f5'~'U ~_yy Ir,n!IL~~ldll~ .... ~I.l~l

~"A't!i;O t'i--I .... ;I!I'ftPiil!,,;'jL.;ina jIj,""_'iiiil.!l;,_ iI!!i.' '_.,II""I!iIi;l!l: "~r· ~'a.,I~~iil:'li;a" '1. • .I'!Ii,-"d', I ,;'.' ~l~~l I..V-.Ii ~r-~~DI .lI,I~~_iYP&" IilllliJI "~I_ [I~" [1~1_ ·"·P~.LDI ,'~ .. , .• Ir~~~' [~"

I;.UO:i:. n1UI~ ,da~'td. Ramul f[~pftSetlJlt ,a, peculiu' atb'tfudc; [~D, wllca 'tRey De opcra'tiv1e'tl Mld :not, [onli,y wk~n, tbCJ' 8'fC :pmjected~ ;Somcon~: 'wno predid! dated :reastlm [01' :ruture, action, :u dis-, seelated &.om, 'bis, :[u'tme: ,eoflJCeDll~ bu,t someone wao ,aeu OQ, ,a 'o'Rd HMOD Is: Iddadled from .til ,Pl'[tsCoit c{):nams,,. :f~lr he thillb 'thl~" ,aR: ,of' n01 OOD,cem, ,to otDer li.geI: of :hbmel€~

Mo,w' [ORe: miplt .)r h't ~an ,mm,wdual _ho bebaves in ·dds way Is, 'ipslJ1J4tID ,pI'ly of' fa.Uun! te ldJatify widt 'Ms (uture ,and p.t: mr~tba;t :,~e,pdbi:liJ,ty, to :pl'Ud~tiaI mQti,ves, g, pa'n: QF' WM't :i,t ,iii 10 to"idmdfy, or u; a monK' the: eri,tmia, of ;Iucik ide:ndj~ fieadtm!i aRt tbiS~1 wlie: 'not ell'tirelJ' incorrect., w·Q.ldd, make the :m.a'Uer' seem, :mue:n ai'mp1J,H' tka'D, JJt :is,1 ,and :rni,rltt: even SQgelt milt it: [dtpertd!,ed Of1, '~_i_Qltdsti:c co:nvmUimDli' ,Mrn :fact:,1 ilt, is, :pos.Iibl~ 'm" ex,plain dtc OODRCCUoB :preclRly~ an.d, 'wDcn, that has 'bam ,dome :~t wiI '~,me: clear iR 'w:bal: ,I~nse: IUIO~,tiblilty' to" prudmce is, aDlOD_g me crUcria fOr ide'nrtilea'tion Ylltl onc~1 tbmret. '11th taB:

Rq~i mitt, W~: uDv·e: a't a :morc pMcl.sc: acoouat ,m 'w:baLt, it~ ill eo ~ on. ttl' ,as ;It pGtIOD, WIitOI penisb [over dm,e:~ ;1,ped6,caU,y

=~kO~tlryl:::!:::t= ~ !:!d

:dgm:ously' with 'tle ~: of"dmdas reasomt The fOr,mal ,a_I", 'wi) e.cmn)'OOmtcC!: ,oul aplain, 'w:b.t, W~: ,Uf:: ,naturaly:h'il ... ,

[diJJ~~ '~ 1~i!liiV '!!Ii~""'1i:f;: ~~.~ L~bamiiI"L''Ii. ~'ii1i~1:'Il''liiiillloim:'!II,e: w:'I!-c",:"", ,:":,:,",:'1:::8 [;ii"i.'i:'!II '~,'~. ~~ ~ [1iJ@!1'!I.I!I;UVIMi" [W ... n 1JHi~~~!!!',~~ W iII!Y'~~~~_. ~,,I!IU '~"!#!I.I V~

dated, :l'UI'ODI) ;_,Q ,iit, wI), :m, :fUt em .. : d.'1; the :ld),ea, diat ODe

,~:. f!JHi!n'~'liIiw '~~d'"· ... .JI·d·~I~I'Iii.Jloiil; fto."ft 'a·' ,... ........ 'oI!Iil~~ .. 1 Hi.·w··, -t"~'L,. 'p·.~'I!'IiIUI ... n't· [W- 'U~~_II - l~'I~'l' ~-'~-.~_j~, ··~~t-~-g~ 'VB "_) ~l~_" J I, ''I'''~''_,.' UI ·Ul'¥..J ,l~·'&'~'-Ii

jf'~ ,~t..-,--_ .. -,-:..:: .. ~ '1-'b:,,";~iI.JI~_ .... c-- -, .~~'~ t~--- ;t!fi:C ~-,~'~ ~-,-4: .ilB UiL'(!i, R~ IeC""OJl ,:__ l....._i!II1lU UUC!USI ~ •• ,rv:""[~ luCD!""u;C8.uuD. anG

..ti·~--, ... -:::-,j;fin ;ft ,_.--!IiI II '1.uoii .. 'L"""'I. I~l.;,ill ,_-t'~ .0· ,iIioIL.,,;,. ': .. illilllll_" I"iLf:

~~y ~ \ .:~. 6'~~-~.-K.l'1 ·YI"·l.IiU~'!IiII}~' [-:r'-";':"-~ &r~;i~I_KlC; 1.'.::.: Ule l~.~ [~ IJ


[60

~I'U~' ': '1),111' C",;if'i?",~' V~'~"iU\ 'J? E<IA'~"" ~,O~" ~N'C'I':~A 'IN':' ,0-0,'" 'P"~ 'i'UC: :D" il'i '~i ~:R

tell . "U;JI ~ ~ II.· ~ . [1:11 lil:tlir.~~L .. 0" .. ' ... ~ IftH ',' ~1i7 nl ' .. " "l~~'''' ~l~


]: N'T'B,I.,P'EtE',[, A:T I:ON' ,01 F "R,D 'Dl~~':Nc'f'lA:L, :R'£lA SON',S 6 ~ The (u1f1lDu' :f~ct-or needed 'tn Icam.pllete: dte: oofic~'tion, i'l a beUer malt whrd: &:11'0, be .ser~ed, :Ml'lm:6clnltll,y ~f the' p1fese;n:t can. be ·a-·iltifOiiI!!''''~~d·1 ,]ijiii~~itfi;;;.a.'n- ld'-'v,~ ~"h,pT' times also !li'I']II~ ,n~~ ~~. tru l;ill; i("'ii;l"-

.~ ~ I _ ·OiI,~III!Li'-J." 1.a,b.,l .. _:._~-liW""w. _: .. -',j." ~L' y~_~-~, IU:__._~·.··~ [_ ~_ .!IJ.~t g~-~tUI ~-"'::I~.l ,,-~ .~_', ~ ~,,._ u '

fa1Js~ ,of dlwe -d'mJe8, In (n,e same sense Jjn w'uicn lit JIs tr!ll,-C ,or :fa]s~~

Af' ."!"',L ..... 'n,...--A~;A'I'iIi'iIi'· 9]"1l.."", 'ifiII~;;>I'iiiIi.., ,;c ';'ilili,i;:jif"; .!!Iii time sm-~~'nfi'ilD' ~"h---~"'ii' '!!lin],) ;i!'I~""';, iV _:. U:~~ ,r- ~-~~"_Il~~' .w 1_lt1JI ,r'''' ~-~il_ll'" l~ I,)} ~.:I;Ir., lA· u-~~ I~.!W ,~~ l.!l "-I~~IDJ U~_I ~ ~iJj,'J" I.U,UI ~'UJ.~

,~'----- ,-- .-=. --p;ili;i:'O~:O'!il' ·-t· ~''''i'ii1'' ;i"i;iHl t-:LJiIO "'l'·'-""ift'I'Ii~.W]j;'tl!lii"'- '!Ii~~'F'i-'Cl!... .t!i; ... ,.,.- -,--= ,,;,'.'

rers ,no :1,1 ~~w_., ~;_~",~, IY~._IJ.i",' l~ii-";;';,"luiib;!l'~~Ii:.!~¥~'1'.,J!iU~J,. ~~~tI,PY ,I,!LI~,

'nuS! ~,~a;~; ~~t: IOld" t'hat: 'w'ha,t can, 00 :~eft.~, 0',,1 'be'ij~;v~d, ,o"th,e 'cr:'~~-'-=:~lt 'C:~I.-,i be ,rtSSeTC~:d 'Oil" 'beUevted in UTi,e same sense ;cftb~' :t1'~til-1 -~

,p-F!!Sl!n . am, .. H ._._,_ __ _ __ ' ~ __ '___~~___ ._ 0, , .. e ,,1],. uri!

or du:: :p.,t, 'bult a'~oo tha't, w:haJt ca'n, be; as!il~[md of' 'the :p1res~n;,t :i'n. ,;Ii-"'Il..jj!; 'nr--ilii~i!'ii'~' tense pC~'i'ii~d' I b3'V~ been ''lIil'tilj!\illii''t\;iIII;'d' IO-:"f"!it iin--;I ·t-:.'Ii..,;iii '1l!~I'm- :.;g. ~iI'!i'l'1llill'lII!i, U_,~ JrJ ~ILi&tr. 11J~~::_~ [~<)~_.:__, ,_~_~_)',~.~ _.·!\r.I'~--:_L ~_~ ~~:,_-_.' I ...... _: ~.~ ~ __ 1 l.-:_~~'~~:g_ 1:._.1"... [Iil!!lirl=i~-~

,ear.lier· Of ~.a;tef:~ us~rnl' the :£tUill~--e or' :put: tlenS'e'~ krlJd ,a,Q" pr.tmc .. , dUB awuJt t'he: fu;tJure iis of so;methlng w:w~h ·mU, be r$:tlita)b~,e iu.

::~r: ~~~:::~=.a~~l~:~::r:'!=~:

lI-- ~ not eh n.,".cb = - ,-~,;j,',h ;I"hl ..... '_n,' ~~ i!"j;:t:",;j;.[L", "" ~,~"'iiIIi~jl.~ nn ~ th ;a ,;j,,.- - -. - -, - '--,-- '-:,~l -, uQC:5i ,~'y.,_~ ~U)~!lll~,,,,,,, W,iIi,';" , I. l'_c I. J~ 1'III,.i~i.~t;":; o,~ ~iU~ ,~'~,,;,~ Ql!l;;l\~~. i .;.!!I".: ~'!I;;o!TI!S'e· 1[I;:el'e~'J

l;D,WCtlltGS :3. Fei ari 0([1, betweea dl,e: dm,e of utterance a:nd th,e 'Ii'me ~f 'w:ha:t :m, beml' 'tal'k,cdl ,aJbO,'Ul:t~

T,he cartegory ,of a ,re.ns~l'tsr st:&'t.e;w,ejtlt~ has been. devised '~O ,t~ .. ,

~n-ii'I'~C!i '!h!l<1!,..·a·'t-' ~;eI: ,(.JjI""I'~lI:"t-ji>'d-1 '~'n eom '-mI0~ b-' ,v nsst, p,T"iJO~~iI:"'i~'_ oi,'!j;CC' ~I ~1-;I;-'I'''_';iIi,

,r~"''''~''''~l~~,." .~ ~~.,~", ~-' .:a. t. •• """ _, e , •. !,.,,, lUI , ; I"',Gg'<,,: J. ~~,~;~~I~;f ,~;n,y, ,1)llll~,UF',.,.·

Ilat:e'menii1, aJbo~t tbe: sa;mJe circJumstanJ~e or ,s~~t,e' ,of ;a_ffaits~ 'The ,oondii:tiQlIIS [or :t'be ,c:o;rr--ectDJess 0:£ ~ toenSled statwtm,~m't, 'Cln t'ben, be djj,vid,6.:d, lnto, '1..,0 pa'rb: (a) Q, ten~~§1 trodl ,abOlll,'t. 'tll~ dme wBi£~' is, the :S'Ill'~jtclt of 'the (S,ta,te.menlt;; ~~I'd (0) a re]a't~tAn b~t,w'e(iIn 'tha't tiimc: and 'Ihe dm~ ~r u,tt~~an,~~' ·wbic'b. ma'[lt~s 't-lll,e 't:e:[iJSC: em .. , :ployed the a,pp~Orpn;a,te: one, LT,buS1,~ :if som,mne: :p:mcJlcts ,t'hat: I rslflaU. break my :~e,g tamJ~cf.1"O'w·, his ,s~art,eme1ll,t is ClOf:ll'ect lo,nly' :~;r (a,) I 'brea:k, 'my' leg IQ(('iJj, a certain da!,y,~ and (b) the st31'IC;m,cnt :ts, ma~le (In the prt:vlom;: d31y'~ .M'O'f\OOrver.' If :~e' be]i'0ves, the plrfldj, .. , tiO:Iil he ~s IcOmm-l'tllm 'to ,accc:p:ting the adler ,t.wo, s~:a't,c:m~l1t:b {thou,lh, I, do :n.at, c~m;m (halt t'be' :6'nt~ stat:emien~~ ,can be ana'"s1tJ .in,t{)1 tore other' tWO'~1 'n!' ,tha,t oonsci<l!lts: -f-0:fmulatio;n, ,of' ,tb~ lat;~~f' ,~ im,pBed by beUef or the :[OlUl!tf) ~ T,Ws. 3J1,lies t-O aJlle~.m :s:tat)e~ menEil. ,t'b~ 'pr~n't tense b.iC:~uded, .A~Y~ ~-irlCICmrsta'Dc-lC d'~~SC-:'!IJh",

a,ble' :&of:llo~,~~e~'~~;~'I. s,t~~~d~~t~,t ~'ri' aliso,be' dJ~~rfbed,:r;:'lm,

th,e: lodl,m,~ :a;nd, :8., te.nseless sta'iem,e~n,'~: expresseS! 'w:ba,'t .iswut;ed, ~n, c-om'lnOR 'by thae ,alt,er.nad.¥e dac--rip:tlotU~

[T!~llse'[esl I)tateme-n,u th'ere£afe 'pil'('jivide· 1115 wU'b, 'the m,e:am: of

,,-:-~C'-- .. ~"!, I'; :.[' ,,' ,','" --', ':":I'I,_e, t~ ill. ,:!iii-ano: I '-'~'''_'-'''''''' ;10'0;1':-;-,-,-,-11 ,-,::-~, ·t:, ~:- "],,~,,, ;.'

ex,pFe~U);n approprm~~, IK!I' -:__: 'S,,"~ __ '-,~~,pouoc!'\' (L ~,eL_:~-l;;O,!f;!l ,FlJeUdT.'3d,L-Y

't,ow1t'[!dis tke evl~Dlb, of' 'OUT 'u,ves., W:e; lean. of 'eU!a:r:s~ a!'~So :f\~la:r.d those evtCrIJ;t;s. from. :8. t~mro, ~Sit~Uld,po;~.f:ii,'t:;, and. 'W~ usuaU.y do, B{IJ:t t'b,c


~ ;S'U,B:JEC:T:IV,E ,1t,ltA,S,ON'! ,AND :P:R .. [,.:DE:NC::R

'possibUlitf of vi,ewJip,g t'hem, t~DLseI,asly mlust: a1),ways, be ,a'yail~'ble~ 'T:oI :reIB'rU on,e,self :U a, beJiD\1 'w,bo ,~lI tbro~b, tim,e, on,e; :mEit re,gard the' :rac'ts, of OAe~s ,lPutj 'pme.-ll,t" and :(U!tu'fe lie as tJenS'eless!ly :lpeci"lab~lle' 'trudl_! aoout dUler-en't times 10 '~he hil1t-ory

J .... , 'L~~'ii'i;,j)" '1 .. ~t'-:h." ,:""1l..",,, 'ap'p- PE'iin,"::'~'.~ kb~.:rI of,e-', "e~"m-~c'nn ... ~11 li"~n'ti""'l!'Iilw' '''tv ~J, !Ill L!JCJ~- .. ~ 1!!I!·[lIf. __ ' U:lt~ I .. _:, .... ,'.!Ii v.Jr'~'~·~"~ ~~Q . _: _ ,~<: r -.-~lr~~ ~ ~Vt ~ .,' _I _:I_& ... 1 '~'I' ~J

,And, ene :m.ust be: able 'to regard th,e :PR8eJ1:t as merely one ef those: 'times!"

Th~--;; I ~_Ij ;'110'!1~':__' it .-~ 'f'~\;-- -:-- ~-~ statements :is, ('Jm'a,ti1\..~~:~"'if;llt t\-'~

_ ,c em,p:KlI', u.li6n . 0:. ~e:mcu i5~L ~II,.-"e ~ __ _ O-l) ~ ~ 'Y,~,:U:: MIUiL IudS

... ~_;~;!i:ttA'I'iII -'iII~ '~nn--)ff ;o9IIC ;ojIlnv' ,t·~~ .. d assertion or 'belief ,;~ ;ojil;lf!<'rr..Ii!'iI-n.~:J.'!"'" IlI!o,o~-.liil.t.lU;IU,v"lIi:t! ,~ ,iLVc - '(l) _, -~I' ,,' ...... .I!~ .... -~~ ~~ ~'-' '~'C ,--' >'C.'--- ~--' ~, -"II.1i"-"'"' -

'l::,."t~~-.d to; {(~:p:l~' a tenseless sta't,:ement, aOOl!l:t: 1t'b.e ~;a:m.e su'lI-J'ject, ,e~p., Dun" '" . ----- .. ~ - ~~----- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~-- -~~ --- _,uJ "'"

plns me~ ~It~nce of a ,oondbioft 'wble'b makes ,t'be relev,an,t

t'eme B\ppropri~te:" t Arty- t'ensed, sta;t~mm:h 'w,bleb, e au no'i: 'be: ~UlSj;nUl.a-teo 't'o 'tbl!, oonc~ption iua,est: t'he e-Xiste:lu:~!!' '01 a.B area :in 'w'hic'b, tbe: sense lof',oJiJ,e;':s eq,uaJ. :na1Jh,y ()VeF' n.m,e! iis defective;~

iii' n ;i!ji;i"j;. t,"i!I.,f:'!' ~,;a; o~~ 'DI""-'!i!'~rt' :h" ~l~ii~ r~'I+~'n1!ies- 'in D.iijijW--J *'n n ...... iI~iIIl 'a'

;;Ii;1~ g,;j Jim:- YkIi ',: ,lIlIi~ !, ,,,,",' "",,,",,, ,,~::,,",,-~ '","",""L~U~,-- ,_J__c _- ~ -~ ,~~",,,,,,," II.-~ ,r~ ,_:,

sense 'of't'empara], pemS-I'en,ce, one: mil, ,'cmaim,., fmm, 't'lle Itano'", po.in.t. of' t~Hl(POI",aJ, IiU~!ll"tt,ality:, d~i.a'ted from oo~1dieta'tlO'ns ,~D, t'h,e alefoouv'e: ,aireai;'


;~N'T'--:-'E''mi ·p:'.'o 'iC.'T" :.-··'T)"O·(:N.' O.,·jD nDU.·1f1I;~·N:·· ·TI:1i·A·:·····L, ·~·~A--···~'O·,=lii;·T·~,

I., ' I, ,I;I.,Il\, .. , ..Il!!o;,,IO! ~. A --', ,iI;. '-: > ,c_, _,__: ,I['" c.- A, ", JL!I'D, " - , I,," " ,1I!", • .Ii:iII.;jJI .c_, Jl.',...;I!


Is ,3, jiudgmen t t'h~t certain ;1\\[Ct'5 or dJ~si'res 0:0 :my p,al'rt w:U'l be JUtt'i.fi,4 at tha t dm(;,.

If' '['his[ '~!ef\e :m,e:r'e,ly' ill, :futdl,e[' ,cla:i'm. ,abclut ~i'hat 'w~l[ be fbe

[ells~ i~'t~- ,tb,~ - tin~~~ - ~;'h. ~~:iliih'th[e pl;-~~ti~a:~,j;udg~,e~tde~1s:~:i'~:

eould be easily ,as5i:mU;urted 1tc, t:n[e :neu:~nd, :s;tandJJl9i.mtt 'by' th[E lnt;['od'llr'ct1:01l, [of tlcnsd,ess j'u[s~Uf~catlio'n,-1S,tat:em~tttts,. w'hme '~-rullll

Id-I -b "'h d-" ,. t lit: .~

'wOu~[: oe ;amoog t~~e (:OU~tl1tl[ons Q'~: correctness :~fi[' any 'te~Else.u

nracti ~'~I 'iI":~'>:!i;,ii'm·', 'B-,"~" i'" ':i'[" ,~~ 'l:'riiolilL'lit ~[~ !I',ii'l'rif'Ii n[1:iIIi! ~ Iii ~,'I.. ~,~ _ 'b· -'i";~ ~'~,!I!'iIIi! 4[

,r~[i!iI!,..,._-J!, ~iIi, "",,~,i!iUi ,I _ ',. ,,'Ull!. J;" ,!L;gI, & 1I11;"i'!Ij., ~g ,~J'~_Illa:,I.... i!;I.-;::!! I~J!~'~!!!.C'1 1_~ ~J...,~,,", ~

J~.'d;gm~ell:t tbat, ;1 certain illed[on, or desire lis j'[I!$,tH1J0d luts; mioti. .. ,

,~!,~["c~"i'f't~ ~ "I "''Jl'''Ioi'f'li'~~i'i''.' T~ ]'ofiio 'Q["1"'o!I'1lil'1~ ~ Ti,",!'~.1II1"","ii[ ,L"'~1f:" ~1"fI!!iiiTjiII~ 'iI''if'!om. ' .. ,,~l.i;cc;- D' ,~;t"; ,~,"'i< '!!!' ~,"IiIl4i!'!~J.uJl ~Ul"I'!Lo,~cL[",., "u HI"'-' lL>L,iF' 'I!o, '0· .1;, 1b;"' .... l;!'Jc~, ,L,,,",,',[, 1;,JIi!!l,i!\~J,~'b' ,~!I. I, Ibllj,-l~e.!]]l~, ,~, !!ii.~

,- t· _ - ~'- . .J ", "t ~ ~ ] ~" ,t l~"" ;ji. 't., ;jl. ~

,aCoDe!p. iilI,\ reason :.!rQ'tE" ~'~~JW IJ "., RU[~: :m~[fi'= J' .lI)ar [,.,.,,:~~v.j~;g' '1~.I~!'I,~ one

s;h,@'~ld de .it:., If'lt.is to be 'possibJ.'c to make pr,act;,cBl jiudgnl,[enb[

,;f;'';j;i''i;I'ilii'i' ~. sta ,""~'imlii"'ii ·1~'i('I;'~' ..,.·f' temeoral ,~,.,~,~,itii"';~,'li~,Iit-::-" ;;..'~ ."1i[ [i;~,'Ii.'! 'ntr'~l'iI"'~~l' cal ·,'1 Ji,f.~J,U!. ,~, [!;I! !Iio , cLlllUi"t.",V,Ii,Mi" "",,'. IL,'IG e" ',r', ••• "iIi. cd!, ,II .... IG!I,!I:, 1;11, .nJ!L!lj..Y l!,.-U!IGJ,~. l,cili,lilii;l! ,r' ~ ...... ll!.. J,,",,_~. ,

aspect :m,u.s~~ '!be a" [:e::f.l'tUf1e of '~::e:n;se1,ess: a:s 'weU as of ptf.1esent t'0!1'1!Sie'

jiu,i1;gmenui" ,An,a the mativ,a'bOln;a,l content 'Yihrl[dh, is oomm,(JJ) to[

~ 'n'~;iIII~'iit· 'iIT;iIlIi.'Ij'!I;~~ p. raetieal judzm 'i'!!~,t,' 'Q"D'd·: l~"-'III! ,iIt,;:.;~¢-~ilQ_iI,~ ""i;P;;l'II't'jI;,;I;;i:liiW"n;o:fJj[,iIT' ,~ ,t.-!~'Ii;;@W~,~ !!i, ...... IJ~"", " ",U',",.u~AiIi'Jru!u,!:O;!;, ,IGOU!.' !Gill. I.,. ' ,llill' !Ij. ....... ~';J!~:I!~~, """~I,.U,II,~,¥L lr"'- '!!!o'

'w,(U wm be ¢!Omm,~D to[ fu.ti!u:e and :pa~ttt; '~;e:nse Jud~gtneD:ts to[ ,tb,c sa'lu,e; e~l)ect:!! mad,e a:t ,cmEre;r~.:n:t 'l~i'm~s :a'bo'u.t. t'hat :samie' ~ii'~:u' i!"lIi'iI[i~iFI'

~-1I1!ll.," __ KIII._iltV..Jii~llill'

'ft-- "~ 111 'b ~ ell ., ..:!III ~ f' '" 'b h

Jf"re.cl'SrtJ.y tl •. ~ '~' :~SSia!e um:· ,~ ~oins~,ue:r:a,tlen'j [c)'- ceurse, is 'w:li,et- :1,9' ,I,

n~<'!iI[ ;:"!' .. til"!! l'J![ 1[ ';I'i'ii,d<ac-m:- ,;j3cTilI't' C ,!!jj; b .. 'ni~'~l'ii- '~iljli'I1!,., ~;I;, t'ri.rn[e- 'iii ~wiil'~ b ,~, ve 'ir'JliI'~[l:lil"jitn to d in;; "!l: 'n, ,,.·1!.·a .F.~M~~!W-MlI~~·~I~~} _ _!~_~~~'_:: ,~.~ y~,~ "',~1~i'1 y'~~.~., ~'!~L~' I,~~·,,· .. ·_: ,~~~~,,~,~ ,~y .:_:_)~. o: _ _:-~,~ I,Jr~~

~~'~"~!IiI'D ca ~1':r~,~I!I' - 'W,·riit';ji.., 1'·~ ,a·· in:"",,' '~i"i;;t~n, ·.~'.1'· al ,,,,,rym[['~I~'iit~I';;"iI'lili'" ~'* ~["i"':~'- [;i9lIPc!' ~\t'!i;[

J,',Ytlf.l !p. ~ .J. .[It~ . j .ll.~J, ,1~J _ !J~1l1 .lr'~'~~ _ lll._ A_ ~u. [I _"_I=III~!Jli£"'-r.iI=iIV!l. l~ AJ~~~Jl Vtll ILu

·.J;<!ilCii;~- ~Ih ~:it· ,iii:> .i'm' ·t":Iii:'\~i.'!i;,",t', T'i;i:"i!. ... j~ 'L..d;(j' ,.,.La rnr,'Ii"if;'i~~~iI!'i B' '-:'Ii'~[t·'" 'I' '1l.""'P'·"1 j ...... U[~~re~ ~-~ ,~Jl~ as ~~-_:~.~.~,~-~~J~~,_~ .Ili~l~l~l l .. ~ u.-~[r;,~ ~~I~I~ '~.Y.[~~~II~~~~ '~'J~,._ .:_:. J-l:~,~."~ i~--vi

'" Ll'·' 'b .. t.., .. t'h~'" f •. ~: b'" 1 t t *' k t

e5[lliaIU1 '~51'.·: '~'t,a'~: i:_<:'~S '~ype Q:~ mOld¥a'~~Qna~ vOln, ~e;n, ~ :m.uS~i Lie ',~ese~ ,.

in, aU :pr;~ctilca~~, jiudlm!e:ntB.~ 'by' fil"rS.t IC:O(mSiid.'e:nD\g w'n;at is: ':[rue [of prese'l~t, teDse' ju,dsm,en'ts and tben, ,apIJJy.i:fll' the :~equ]rement~ of ie~mpor,al, neutrality, to dlls,. illn d~ia;,i way i.t wUl be. poss~,b]e t-o[ deriY~ (lo;nseq:~len,ces, [hr' :pr~etical j'[I.dtgme.ll:ts[ ;a'bo:u;t the ,fu;t1J'r.,e'~ fOl' te=mcless jU!d,B~mi.u~liI.'~ ,and], ,~:ve~, :ftJr j;u.ds;m,e;O'ts a'oo;u,t; t]iJle'

p_t."

,As I :have. ,sa'~d", ,th~ crucial 'point ~s' thaJt a praLdical r~amn Is ,8, '[ -;__-, ,[c,' [- '1'"<:;, ,~I:; :c: 1" W~'I=~-:;-[:; )1~tft'iLii'-[:-[~' ~_ ,-, a ~'~'\~ = Il'ie[l'~; :t"t11 fi--I='!H i:~ ,~ reason 11.:0 u,O (L __ au" somJe"iUU1...:g~ g a tneoee [y'(;w, ~,e-asCL= JSi ~_

:r~~n '~O eenelnde [olr' believe som,ethjn!'~ This ~s d-~,e uefiQl~g ,chru·a¢~r-isti~ [of p.ra~ti,(;.al r~amm:ml'~ LT Q' hold, ,Q Hume dld'J'

,;t:il..·a-t., ,,-.'Ih- oji, [n""f1.-"f'~ 'A~n;ii;ilil' ,""g:t';;;.n"""',,,,~1 ["'~I~I"",~'''''m:-'-1 '0= "f" """,,p;tl:nlifti; '~l',Ci ~[ "'~~~;fio~!iiii"i'" <:"f!if; l~-:;~l~~l~ 1~_T~' y\l-U',;_i ,r\a,~,r·'"':-.I ~,'D' ;:-.I'~ ... _1I_;4;'tl, ~~,~.IL~~ I: ,_I, :_: (, InJ~ .... ,.U\&_lI, ,~l YI ~""'-.IJ,[MliI~I~~~JI=IU. ~ I

the 'be-tie:Is MsOcia,~ed Mdt ~Jt~, i.s 'Co[ held tb3J.t pr.a.e~b:al ~eason, d!0e5:

n lii"iI~ ,~~iil!jili" iIlf "~f!;"":i ,..:.;,,,,'k- ''''iifI'.'1!nll,~~[S!'[1!Ii t,'~;ti;· ~;ilj~~~T!i~ ~~r;' reason ,1I:ii ~~ii" l\!ililf!'~~'fin.[ I

1.,1,\1"1 ~_-~~_~J J.IJ.JI, 1I!'II!J~ A't J._li~nl.~UG~ ,jl~:.Il1I.r. ~~iIIi.o.IIQ!i~Ii,.t'-r.~' U!; "11I.r.~ _'-1 llb~ ... ~!II._~-u ... _ ...

we: m,ust hold :not :merel.y t'i1a,t tliJ,ey',j'udf:l' us ~tiI, btliJ~V'~liIl' om-tidn,

"'aI-[ ,- ,- - ,"'ti'~' - is - 'b· - u t'· ~ - ·t·;o - - , 'b'- 't· - - ·tJJ - -- t~1!.· _ t-· ,t'Le· _ - 'L - _ '~~~-

'iI!I~nAil!I"I:' n~--nn-lIr11) - lOt""" 'Qi" 'At '1'1 r' 'lI.:Ijir'c '11nilf1li " -U" 'I' r~ 1 .' 1 'p-r- L ·'llt8i·' .. il' -v J'illli!l2~Ui\1

[1i;I!,!F''''~: ". ,r,IL'''''''r'''',;yo· , .. ,\&11': ,~.,W',,· '~';;;;,,~""'lll!!I;, .. ,,"'" ~ ~, .. ~~ '.:--'-~~.- '·,-",',:··i ,_" -'-C~'··--'t

"",;~~C.l·I~ii'i'[ ~i~i,i!j .... ·1':f.",·, 'I',~· 'iir'!"'Ii'~~~' '~ .. ~: '~iI!)ei~b':,'ilo!'!< 'ii;-o"i< [""'''I~Q"O',~, i;~1 'r~.t;iii"!o!~:'3;'~1 ,..~il:: ... ;iillillril

.. ~~_ V:"'~' .I,~'iIJ~_I- lit. , 1111 ~1"11"'_.;J!I'J lU'lr. Ir,-..OiIiJI-i!. _ .tlJ~ !li.rU IW-L_~,e.iW.~!lr. ~-I::1t I. R '=lirVtli_.r!13_~J LIIi.!_" ~IY~IIIIII



[00 8IDBJB[C:T'IVB[ :R:E,ASo:~-n;, A:Ni'n ,PRl](I):RN'CIE

dJi.Cl\1~'l'ty[i If' In ~Q,w:ledpd ~1i1 is only' a, pu'ma :facle:

'~~iilliA1ffi , .. ;'i:.,~ ;~, '~\·'~~I~ C-:!!Ii'~ 'WI~' ,:"',":,'11-1 ,~,~, [fi"71~!f 'P~'~ ~m~' -a~' "~,;j'I;l":~, '~"I;1j·~.c~a·"t1~,'!:n--:-, lll~~_~ U:11~~ ~'l WUJ1 "-'~~'II _"_ ,_:m. [!I;!I!!J v.lU'17 ,I c-.!If!l!,~~_I_~J ll~~~~IIJ~tul'_ .<' ~_~

A, '~d. I :tI' ,.'b, . 'ill!! !Ii¥I'A.t,:"a~ ~l~lIi ... , .... ll ~'I'iII .. ent nf', , :9i;j!;'~~':'n.~~',ljii1;~I!Iirn'Ii'~"" ,~r [""1im~:_1!

~~,~_, It] ~. I,~ .I1:._U1Wl·l!! _ ·U~ .. _ .. lAlI !'WV, .. _~lL--\r.Ji~, ~ V.l. 1Mii!"~lIv·!I!~£l'-r.ULD;-i:~~l~~ ~. '~~Hi-HII

- '.' ~ ~ ~ .. ~: -:- - ~ ~ ~. ~ '1:... .... ~~ ~~..:/IA~i;----..::J ;i,t.. ... ~~ '~t- ~]L -:- ._'lld~1 1...... ~ ~,.Lt ...

reasons, lO(F' acuOI), 'CaB UC; 'l1Elllh,.I,-,iiJ.~UWU" 'umn :lL" ,SnOUli_!. ~~ ,oSSbhc

10 accoUB'C' ,for '('he monva-UonaJ. aOlltent ()f'pra~t ,t~~;~ ~~-~

111~~,~'I~t: ~:pri~~~~'~':~ci~I-'r[e~~' '~:-'~~~~f'~.b.::a~

~.!mJ?Pf'~ICI:O~~Vt~!U~~~!~~t~t n:a50m.

:tet us' ther~"[e cQlmier:-:-_,-, ,~~~tltc_r • ~c_',J!U!d;p1~n,t~

In. :8, judlmeD't ,of IlllDdelll pracucal leason, :[or ,all act~ COtlBttR,3;'U;'1liI :reamm Rav\~ already been, a.ecommodai-edil There :mmrun, v,anous [other causes [of faUn:fe 'to' 'be m,eUirr,m ~~Q~dji:ngl.,:; mall,Y' ,of it'hese", 'tEomgb. Bat ,aU" [~me 'ufi,der t'~e Reading of' wa'Ic;Qm; [of~, 'bd"or-,e ~n;e: t~~,ptatio~ ocr ,alllo1her'~

l~ r ;iI;,'L ,i, ..1[ - 'I - '.' .,1:.., ~ "U~'~I _,111 h ;iI;,L

.. ' C 'Ylere 11 a'n :Blu,eqoo'te ex,pJa;n;art1:0!ll; 'y_~m II Wli _ , :rev'em, ,I 'ow 'l.,ue:

DlO;tJj,vaUtlual ciie:Ctlv(:oes! ~r me :praf2dcaJ, [conviction, 'hui 'been, blockm ,or n'nder.,ndnuJ,~ W:ednees,] eowa:rdicej IMlnusj pa'uie aee an f3JC~Dni ,of thm type~] ,a'Rd, each. Fe,pusm'ts a [su'lbt]ll Viari~ty' of'mo,D.vanonal inmd"~m.ce;., Thit_ftfore t'b-e: fact tna't :a:ppro;priaJte [3/crtiom OT. [{jcmc: :O);a,' 'be :pr.eveRI'Cd. :i-~ these: ''d,a',p, oroes, :no,t c.t~ doubt, aD, tile' [e'brl:m, that a]udgn1~:t~ ,of'-pracu'Cal :R'U&D ~, '~'!'iiiiti~ua~:;i"i_~!"" 11 'W'~: li111;'g' ·'blt·,~ '1':'~I~~d"~1 ~ ;t.' ::;~ ~ .. !~ll1rlb:'!1;~, ~~,.,.. '3 '~~'Ii'II ~.;i"i;] 'II..~ In

~~'I!o!I'~y[ YviIIU " lLiI.; -' I. .Jli.uU/II,,-'1..; ,Jil. ,.i:iiI! F.""'~' l!l..;, IlU\Ii, [ , ~~~~ lIii~ UI!; 11. . I,

ce~t~~, ;'~,~f:b ~'~D~~']- ~~, or 7£~~~[clJl",~:~ tb~!t- R~ r~~iy'

ac[t,s, ,])n, arJcO'Fd, wl!th '~9] practical [colllvicuam ,aiOOlllt: a [Ce),taiR

~~;tt,er': -ai~h~J~, (01" u:a'D~:pl~~ - - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -

r!~ ~ ~ - ~ .~t.. ~ -- ~ ~~.. . -~'I''''na.~'··n "f';i-'L. .. ~~ !'~~~ - ~ iIi-- .. , ...... ,~'I .... L..l ~~ ~~ ~ 'uasa: WHere RO' exp.'Ui'~:_:~~)~Ol_;~ CL me Jlm!IJllfe :15 :a,va:uaUIEi afJ'e:

mOR: diIi&BJlt,~ 'bUit Bt'f$ too lOme ,e,concldons :mll&l, be: :met ;u 'fiJU-,[-:-.:.:, t'~l '--::;4" 'i'"''; [;:~'~,t douh*;,,(fl 'th~:~eDf~l~'~~ ,;::-~ ~-~]:: 'r') [ ,~,-,~, ,i', ,:~,~.;.~-~ --I

, UR ,g! ,no,," [1.'0 eas ~_~ ~~._!"" o~_ ~~_e ,11--~um~neu 0:. OOI1L"VlCuon,

[uP~ '0:' ,die' :iine.oou~e p_mctica;), J'U!dipJ~D)t~ :1,(' s«eb. jjud,s"" :menIQ, are b)QI rr-,eq_u~mt. ,it 'wi:t'hou.t txpla'nadon ,aJitl. uuU,rid,ua), rated,' ee :ru~ver aetJ, [OB pra,eded ju.dgm,en'ts, add.chill' the pmeD,<Z' of a, ee-rw:n. type.: ot:rtalQn the:n ~w,e mall ,eontl'~d!~ dlat he: is merely' pa',',lngli:[lMtmet' to tk~: 'view tkat :i:t: is a r.-eIl1SGD, and,

~~I nlli"'i~' ,~~,~:.~':I~4i~ !!:i;,I:";"_'p~* ';'I~' !".i_.iIIi "Uili, ... iL,~ 'I' -'f, ~,nl ,'1'--1" ;r;.-;i;,\- ... ~~ 1,.1-"-;-'~-~'~~"" ~~ ,~~!Ii.' I'I'~I '~~,I .''" ,~~, ,~ 0lI ... 1,oili •• , ,'--_ YiY,W'¥ ~WlI,~r I I! a. nU, 5:U~,

'~]8'P~] ' .... - ~ l~ ii!'!U"I\casmn- "'iio;~ ,&,'LjiiI;:a- ,;I,,'I!._~~ _,iI!IiV '1._ ililiDmj'[iI7'b~' ,i'I\-~~_i"I\.o. [1 __ ,.',_; ~ ~'~~ [v.'.IlU:~:· ~.~'-: ,'.,','_', _iIIi,. Ul~ _IJ Ult~ ... -~ ~_I;._~'~.' ~'[~_;_~ ~,~I.=.II ~-,,~u~~~

,~~~ ~. ~!'",'L 'i\'rin~~~"" ;t;o!'i,'1II!i; *h 'n#1i"'m,ij. 'I,i1i~' +'.I'!i; ........... ..:11:.' '''''''.iii '~'ilii~n;ili<i;l,_jIiIja; ;i!'i.f'" ~~B MUI .:_~_.v.gV;P!)U~~ "v b'~ ~!II-~" ~ l,,~, ~~'''J ~~' ~l~{.J~~·~!I!i~: IV:j

dle' [mn,Yi~tio.~ To' 'wv,tJF,'nc'b, at!tt'D'I\ilated, CiliCl~ ,ilt-:ild,rAt: Dc: beit, to !.,' w,t :iif'mm_nc: a.n1V'CS :a't a pmctieal jttdgoleD!t. m:uJ, :80, CODrtrary :inB!uDca, are o,per,a!D,ve, dw;t Jud[gm..t: frill DY' irtld' RloDV3'1U; :w.'m m 'tle ,aJ,',pm,pnartc: act: ,or d~, .d 'lU1IaIIy (10M.,. Ether he: ,Of ilOJ11GOml ~, ,can [otra- me ju,dgmmt ind, 1M


I "'T~- ·~B··'~' '~~' :jC",'i':"it '!jr I;' Q,···:·'·"N:.·j ,0" 'E'! 'iQ'R<'· u 'D· 'E'i,NI.::' 'T·-'r:", '11" R:'E'i,A··~"· S' I oxs

i~' . .1""11"'" A £I! C~l Al iii . . .. . . ~ '-' I _ £II. I [1.Ala. .. III ~ e- '_ ~I"'I i]

- -, -.'''- , , - - .. ",-)"~,--,,., - elar ...... -""~' '-oiL .,~- i..

1FI'!f\,1i.i".].: lil!!lilill iI!Il :11:'1' II ,~11ll!!!l!_""~1 ~.: "D[9)010'D' nr II ~[~. !l!lil~"'-~~~I ['~"'[~~l"'tl~'~' ',1"

,D!""""'~"'-.'-' ,~ '101; .,y_ .. ,~-"'''i11I!1i., '-''',r'' -, - H._ I!Jt' V" ,lUg ~1!riL'!I,!.!',iII'I" 1!",~"'iUi""",~!!io, '".)

t::cii ..... 'L~ .. ,l'ti'iIi'"~;i!'i._'iiii'ifli't·: of,'-:'::"~'b~ tit- 'nm,~p, ~,~..:I ~:;m,' t~, ~I~t' l l..ulUl~-I, ~V~I._ "_' ~[ 1111' .1)'- r ,._.,I;I&.,;.~~ lU. _ l~ ~'_!lJ

:10 ge;nerai" '&ereri'}r-,e,~, 'the mod,va'Don.il, content ofiaJud,prj~l\J,t ,01 iufHclem:t :pr3ioti~, :reamtl is qm,tt: Ic~eaf"; :a'Dd 'tme: eases ,ID, 'wkkh it~ ,is 1m [dear' ,mlmt, be 'uQd,en~oOO ,il(laiost a 'baC~groun,d, or-:rc1at'cd cases :i.n 'w:bi-eib, t'h~ mGti:yati~Da'[ 'w,eighit [C~q be seen" If only t'RroU,gl1 tIl.c InfIiUt'RtiCS rlccessaty te OVt~rcome: :i:t,. J', dds :b 'lme)! j,t, 'pel,nUts us 'to r:01:m'lal~.u:e a dJesc:ri,ptinn o:C''til,e :mamv,aJtiomal ~;"'~t"'" :-~ 11:+, YJ'hich :iB, cam' [adJb~e ~Ith ,ail 'to': . ·.------il;~~f~,~~~~~~~-'r:'

cDL __ pone __ "" ~. '_' ._~_ .. p .. '_ . _ '.. ~._ _ __ e POSBU.llUllug 0:

fanure :1'0, acmal RlQrU,va-uon, wiJthOUit, the.rellJ 'b~~,mjJQg l~m:ptY'li' [Tb,t 'be!d"' malt [a, re~n, ,pm~des :m~ w,tth [S:tdB.e.iell,t\, j'.,tifi,ca'iion, ~r~fc a· ' " 'P" '''~'''n' ·,t' ".o·C!l'l'll'!ll~ [~f',..ac~~O'D· [ ~~! '~i'II,t· ':n'.~~IS~~~~' '~~nl1'l." a·, . d I.._i'ii","

I.~, _ ,I.-.~ - _ ~ ~!Id~I~ -u.-i H~g.~ _ g~ 11:_.ffV .. 11l~1l'_-'!Ir. ,!Qiil.llJI,J.' ,IL.llbll_II'F,IJ"I." _ ~J~_!lI!'~l

[or a 'wilimgnt!B ltC' uadertaikre 'mat zeben.;; i,t :is, :DOl, ~a :su'mcieolt [coldi;uO'n, of'the act [or' dmr~~, lBut :i,t, ~s 1,u;Iii,clen.t" in the a'bsetlJce [m: oon,tmty jjnluGn.c~J' t=6 ,t¥lam: t'hie a1p,ropr,i;a'[,e; ,acti,tnii,~ Qf ,the

d'; -,;;r'-'! :n'r' ... .,!:n~;D·,~~iIl' .j""" n;l!!,....i\"""-"i'm-,·' l~'iIt ,:#' Th··" I ''-IiI ''t' ,~ .... , t·'h···· .. , 'ifi"iloi:ji!t-k'~-'~~:n",~,ll ~~~...:.... ~...:, WUUL ~~i"'~~ '---""" ,F",:J;~·l"'.Ii, '.' .!Ij. ... ' . _ '- .~!!i., ,~, ., __ -11,;., ,~~~",,~~a[!l.liu(Dw,

COl\l't~n:t: m:a,j"lldg1inm1:t a'bOut 'Yiilat: Ollie' pr"uen,tj,,. has :r-eamo to, d,o~

,Ald10m8b. m, bel!!oGve tbalt t'biJ, :a;COO;UD;t. is [oo;g.l.,. co~t:~ lit is fto:t 'aKllltiiai, tbait, :i-t sllolldd be ,a.peeti :to, as it :stanlw:" 'W,ba[t :ls;

. - -: '[i~~':''':~ ~":: -. ,"" [~':"'-,-r- -,-~. '[i'~' :~.~ thar a '~rf·J-·Hic .... 1i~'I.~(." -It' .[1i--~' I."

t.&:SagjU ,I 'Or ,my ar,rmne1h, g e ,~- a p~"ac,~Gu, JUlu_gmIE.Di. a,UlJ!ut

w:bmt'on~::haa, reason, (iOI do, nowtl1ou'ld 'be,at:lnow:ledp;d 'to:possess ,4f..", mO'uv,3;!Dom c{Jn;tenlt~ The: [CQot'eIl't ,I ,bve: :SlJ;gellt-edJ, ma,y '00 eotl.lide~, wte.ak. :My COIl1ioem ,n 'tlla'lt it ~r snm,ethi;ng li.'k,e l,t, *ould, :seem p]:arllsible 't'O, ,myort,e who believes 'that feMOfiS [CA'D mo,tiivate: w'lliR me,' iiHle: iac"lm(Wjledged t=o, 00' pRt~ll't~;~n U;'

,h,;-'d~rlie! ,t);,tdl;J ~a-;':~~;U,v~~~~ ;be~,'t'k~' ~,e;~Pec~«l, [01' t:b~

'fiU:'hlli~ Url...AD ;i ... iiliid J!'iiil;..;iI[i!jI'M ;1;,'1)..-.,., .h·;iliPA; ,ili2i !i'illiO!' .... ,~~,Jij~~ '''\tii; JlA seme '~-.':_:~~/~=i "'JJlJl~_1 ~ II [W:tll~ .. '.u:-&~ ... u:uIlII.~ l~_~ !~~~ AlJI ;[.,,"'" ;Q, IJ-~~Ij_" !Il.,~ !~Jliv.' ~ I~ :I'~~I

miq:'" 'a.e' is, :not mimI, jut\p'. dl;a't c~rtabl CODJ:UUOli.iS, obtailiJJ' [Of' 'tkl't ~I!tue: 'fir 'tkese c()~diiiom ~ ~nai:n ,ac~t ea.n Dc: luh .. ,

S· ulm'.d· ,'. '1"Ddl•• a iI7fIi!I!1..-_11 p· . ...it!l'li"":tpiia ,i ~R adJ·.li~ j~:;i"i;""," _'H,__ "Ii ;Oo;\i"!;ilinh, ,,j;;';b,_ : __ .~.I ~ ~ ~ ~~. U.~~_l ~~~~. :~ _ ei~~~.---:~I . ;'.i.~illI~~[: ;' .. 'l~':j, ";_~'. : __ I ~_:UlJu-v.~-~, ~~~¥. :~-~.F~~ ~-I,~

'r,' 'iU- : - -I ,iII".- ~ ~~"-I;;':~ :Ii,', -" :cun[ ~. ·Thj'~,·-, [C:"'c~-h: ::-.. .~ .. ",'I,.i;~h~··:_ ,*,1!..._,

,,--,eason as, ,it,]UlWlCWY.U_,-, ,--or ,ac:__:__lg,., ,,_'Je q,'t.U~1JUio.:n IS W,UeIL .. ~.J," me

,I~qmmmeDlt ,of temporal neUlib",aHity IGaR be: ,a,ppl~d, to' 'Uds as;pcct [of om' pr,actiealJu:dlp'nem;b,~ :IDd if m;; wbaJt t'b.G'i: (:oM~MieD,ea ,ar--e;;"

I: 'ThiI, ,ii, ~udiy ~ iii p1it1fi11~ of' '_W~ A 'bcllkf:' (2tg lX' ap:lalin.cd by'iill, juI~~~ but, it, g :poai'blc: 'i'll,t, 'A, ~'a. ~ :lho!dlJ! ~, ea1liW~ ~, g,j:~. '~~'rd '~I,boia :i~thout: 0Qf.' briq albIC'.' ftniJJ ,ey ~,,~tioD [~"th~ I ~'": U-C -.e: of"'~: '~b :~, [OOP*-~, ,¢aiMi» ~ ,r;4',cnpl.MU-JI bu.t: :IIW :not :~ '~I!t: :~e: :b~ ..

:1 :~:doB01,wWl~ tobnp1y~"Mwev:~:!, 'fnlt ;~_jud:~t,!I'n.d *:*,p,p~_ :=~the'f~'O~. ~'~i 1'bc'~"I¥QQ'[~~IY,e:.


~iI'll ~. U-. I' t 'ttJ··~I"E-.:"if'!!'T·~"V~ ... c·B, - R~. ·.iDl,A:.~··· ·,~.'O::.:·.~.-1I'.~ ~:_ .~ ''ii;;,'i''~D'''' p~ .''0 'C-U' '-I"~ID-' 'G iJi.it .t'l!"!D'

~ g . .' _'. ~ ill . l .. ~ ... ~. ~, ~ RiII;"]l'~ '"Ia". " :.'.IiP.[~;~ ~llliil

.5'i' I.t~ .:llboldd be :pouible to, acoomm.OOaie: pmetical. jUldamcm'b to' ,tae 5;ta·nd;pm.llit. O'f 'temporal Be'DtraIi:tY.'~1 because !luck. JIi~ m.en,. CBB be: made. :m. dil'u,lelll!t tmu:t" ;and ;about ·dl!fi"UI:Dllt u-mcs", The: ,condition is· :met by' arm'Dary' beUeA", '~use~ any'

:!~ =:::.:::~ i:::~~~~ll;:C.::taa:.:

:case a·t: t'ba,t ·ti.m~·" phss a "benef a'bout 'I'he relartiOIl 'be Itwe en, 1fnart

'.~;ii"ll'icilli!' .~:.-~...'I, the li":fcD.-·e-iO'il+-_ One ,,,""".il'il,'i; .:;~~~.~ a,., ... ·n~.i;iU"";i;·'V ~i"I'"ifi:"",'~.-".;a,Oi"'i'li'Ii;a; ~Y~"",· ~u. tne r~~S:~iYi"~ .. .c"~~"'" ,.,.~~ ~'~',1- .~.,Ii,""'"""'!Y',;7 ;Q~M~!I;.,'-~'

com.moom Qrl th.@: ,acCtp:ta'floo IOf.' tenRdJ p~ucal J~<lp-tt.tnltlf Olld. !;J)eciftcd.y· on. 't:eliJ.Sed ~Qiw1~egJts, of' J~tifi.ea·dog.!, ftc.

'ii:'!~fiAIF~iii"rL'~' -'~:!iil '~;~~i"'i"~ A.m.v_..ryn~: whAt ;tiir,t"f.:n"iii ,~I ~.'i'fliiii'~~1 'nil"'-'!ll""~it'""""I~ ·hJd!g .... · ~~~~~ILtii ,~ IU~'!f ~ ~J-.¥~~ ~ .'~~v. ~~!!r.i~Jr·~ ~ "-~!I_I_II!!ii!Ul rll~~Y~-1itJI',JI--"----'.,1

m.!!nit. about 'w:hat :be :bu :reamn m· do at a ~,,,e.D, t.bn,e mu,t . . aooeprt. '(:1) a tenseless practical jiudg,lneB,'t: 'm ,tbe same: e.e~t ,a,b('lt,l't: malt Umlie a'nd. (b~) fa, ·beU.d,aool!1't: the. :relatl,oll between, 'tbailt

'i~·~ ... ~.- d"I £,L_ cp-~.,'i!i;'f' '.iiii'l.':· .... b read ;iIi'i'Q ~"pn~ft--~ ~·t\- •. ~. ·'t"ii!!liim;;ro;~i~11,1!1ifi .... UJI~~~ ;g_Ol .. ~_ I IU)J~1 [I >&-~-IW~_~';I ··"·,IUt~-~I_ll ,1.~!lL~ .. :~;\iI~-IiJ.J Igj ::'·.iJI;-U[rna~L'C 'U1~ ,f-~;-I~~I~~-,

te'JlSC ~m.pEOfpd~ ]f a typ~ ~f 'pracdcaJJ. j'1ll!d\gme;nt. does no:t :meelt 'f'bIs, :cG:nditi0n,. then l,t ,oon'not be said. -Hlla·t: ill :ru'ltor,e~tensc clai'm, ~r dlDit ty'pc lex,prnesses ,the sam,e~ jud,IiW'tCl1it .. aOO1!l't the~ ti.RI!~ cm.-th wblcb. it is c«l1verncd" as is ex,pR.SSed 'b, ·tD,C ICO:D"tSpomm.ng· ,pc.-esc:n-t .. 't:e;ns.e claim, made at ilia:t 'tim~~ ()l:' by tbe eOrT.ie~po:n.di'D(g

'nl!llil;a;t~' ·i __ iI!"'i~p ... ·1~(~_ m' ,. ;o:j;,..:i';iIi .;o:j;·i· ,~ ·1'''''.;iIi!fO' .•. ~~- '["f-'" C"I;!:i;~_,iI'Ii ~f_'" d: ;:a ,iiio'

,r~I.:,"!IrY-~¥. [~JI;~~~J ,~·~~_)~iJ!U.~~ ;g~ ~ 1A~[c\il~&~ wu~~~ 1·1_~'" L.:·_I~~~~~ v .. [.:~llHl_·II- I.~~~y~~

·t-e.uses ;about. the same time. are 'to '~xp'ess, t·h.~ same judg;mm-t abol!t: tha·t: tilme'~1 t'h,ell tber--e must be mm.et:hlng 'CO,1NIl011, 'm tib~m, iil!.U- 'a·~~·.J1 ··1f.-~~:S.-ce'-;',:-~, b -:-~"'Tl~ -.-,; ~i1..-~; '-,~;- -~t- .--,';; ~,,,, -1I~'R'-:- -~'I'-- in _ -'---'[Ii , __ Du. IUle \ULc'efi.:.: nces ~e,,,.", eem u&cm .mw a .nol.\. uc· W"c'crent,a, '--- __

'wIbat ,they' say a6.md •. ti!ml ;wid: ,wlk-A ~.1,d.d~ bu!t ,.adler (If;;', f~~es ~n the: ~don. 'between. ma'lt mne: and 6e dIne at whi~b. 'Ilq ax,e: mJld!i'[f' which. :re;nd~r' ,a:ppwprial~ ·the ,d1m~rcnc~: of'

'.fII!i_;a;. ~-~"__';I.:g~;~J

nus .bas, ~_lll(porEaDl oonseq.uenees~ ,I kavif: .arpJ!ed, 'dla't .;1 .PFeseDlt~'l'e:rme :praGticaJ,judgJnent~ 'possasa :mouv,adionaJ. ,cuD'l-'eh't '-:na m:eiy' die :ackm.ow~.qrl,en·t of' a jusUfiealtiom (~t' pr.omotio,1 ~ ,certain, end, lut if.' r'his, is ,g1,iJ'l'ltOO" 'tHen aooep1tan,~ ,0{ S'll,CD, it ,PEtRDI~tenR j'lI~gmen.t :req'WI'CI '(II!) ,a.ccep;tan'dc O'f' a tenselm ~"-udl!III;'--I~'~~ abcut the '~Jm(: 1'0 -"-TI:-*~'-;;:fi- t ......• t1TI-< "-~·;:Ii--:-~~-:-;i'. intIU'~i-' .:

,J~ -,Bj~nen\\ OU. ·w_ !I4_~~e .~-~. ques~o_~.,.:o me same e.Jj,ec,,,,~ ----t--g;-DS

ac'bl.ow.'ledlim~n't ,ot a ,j'_dmcad!Ofi, 'fO.f pr.c-Q.mouog the; :r--elw,ult, ,ead,~, tteme leuly' I.,pecilcd.;, and. (0) a, 'be'Kef that th~~ limc~ is, :110W, ma'k]ng' t"blc preseEl t:CDR .a:plpwcp;na1ttJ. :Moreovler' ;3. ,commitln.mt~

'L '1 'i' . ..1 ;, 1._,.... ,i, . .l] b r.:

to tlia.t .. same 'tl~nS~.L,es:s, jlu~pe:nt ill a~ ,ca.r.r~ie·u, I ~:Y' a ·Jii'ilitU:fe-:tl!.nse'

'~'Ii·I,.l'i!i'lm:;iII!'I'ri;,;j; ,j_ t-,'L .. ;ilI,;,j"m-';A ;illjia'\iJio..... 'm' .... de ;ilii'.ll''"''Ii-~';iliP 'D,_.;..'L. ·'IL·"" J~"''liid' liOl"m_'" ~~~~~'~~'l~' ~~ l~llI~~ ~L':_:'_~ ~~.~~~,~ ,:-:~~~~.~~~ [~;~:.-~-~;&.~ .uu~U.\l '~l": ~~~D~~~~'~~.~I

iii.]' '-~-"=--i"- 'Lj~'=o-"- -",-- .. --.- __ ._- ..• - ..... seeak ']'+--'U·-·- 'i' .-·,--...::11 ""t...--, ~i .. .- • ...1I·~ ,_:: __ u .. • t.....,. ..... ~,-,

'--C. now ,ua.ve RUO-m, ~O S.pea~ .- ~."a_M, ~. anu. ,w~ JU~I'__om!i.' \;g~c:.


'f ·-N.·' ":T; "F' 'D' 'P·:·R· 'iI'l "i"'A:" "TI 1j' 0'-''''' 1'iI.·,T· O:~' 'I1ii'm! 1j'~' '1','1:'1 ''IIJio.IT·i'jI''i]' A' ". "L R" '~l .:Iii. iC'. '0'-''-'' 'J'iI,',T ~l ~,,_::._ ~,,~~,:, '~.' ·~,~I ,~, '",I, I " JL·.-·.··.~.,. [ ... : ,r C-,A!b!1 un,Ji,~ ~ ... ,.:', ',' _.'] .... ·.J2iht~Q·.'·:· .. Jlr~ iJ!1

6g1


,,0 S U',Ij.EiC'T,1, V E R"E.A,S ON S. A,N':D' 'l~JJ ID E:~~rC:E,

amd heaee 'r~om the IClO:Rcept!,ol'l (IF' !J}'1l!&Sielt as t~mpor.,any es~end,~d? 'Th~'~,wll1ifd ' maitre ,it ~jnd~·- -~:t'~--~,- ='~",-'~-,,:-~:,~ -~~:~tt~~"~'-'--l"--~' I ---- ----- - ' -----,---- --. -~~--~~~ '~'~' Jr"'--~' ~,~ss ',,',,' 3.rgute ,_o:r ce" mD ,~

m :pf'alCUcal. l'ieason, en the smtl'nd t'ha,t they avo-id, ,slu(o;k

dll II! •• 1

'_ JSIOClaUQ~,;;

The: :soludon, to, t'hk, di'8iew.'tty can, 'be seen :if we 'tlll'[ll, :to' :tfh.e: ease of :f3ictaal ,smtemlen,ts, 'fOf' t'h:ei :sa'm~ prolDI~m arises Uierel One does :no:t kno'w' wluut'e:vid,mce: 't,c, .l~k r~r' 'in S~'P~[~- ~r' ~~, te:nm],m u.:suDon, ,abou't 'the bllnUnl ,(f,OWD, ,of ~ne:J.'s, house,;, un~ Jess Oilll::' ~w;s 'w'h-,fl'ihiP:F' the "~'m,p, 'Il..""'::""'P" i"pr~..-rp...l +.n, ;;e 'itliSii,jil.'

. ',,~ __ • ',,,,~_ 'c.' _,', 'c,"!;iI!'_",.'c__, ",._'r_.__!I!."~~_""'--', '!L,,~,'¥ Yc!~o":"" W't;".uJI~' ;~, 1J" ... i1i\;.,,.,,Ii~I'!;;oU ,I.~' ~ .... , ,!f~lIi;t

'p:,"~~I!'Ii't,'", [0''1' ~"iIi'ilij"lir~.· 'J:io/ ,~,t, ~:ilI: 'p:~~,t- ii1"L'''''':~' '~oo"_", -_..'k,:'s· i"ii-;;:'i" ,-,-'1!:i~I'~: '~'~·n"l'liillijl.;iliHft':_ ';,ioo;,-;wo, ,11&_"',\111, ~,'" ,1,u,~'l!oIi ,'1,i'~ ,I, ,:II" .I;I;t ~,Aq_ ""'I.Ii~ ,iI,.,.", . .11\,1."\&, ~:"'~~ ,d, ,f,'~:""0!01l,.~~,-" ,~~""

'Haimes :": if '[Uitu]ie' .. f'Or' an a.momitSit, Of a s'ho:rt'""ciFcrait, 'Ne\rert'lildms

~-,--',-", ,[Ii '_lI "_",'_"", .. ",,., , " . ,,,' ", '," ,,~, , "",' "'-~'

aJJl ,of'the: conDections;; 'bet,ween the 'burning' of' a noue B'nd, th,e pkenome.nB that p;roviJd,e ,evtc1!.e:nce of ,~it., ean be l,podDed t-.el'.l!.R~ ,lesshr :lo tJ-u~1f.' tn'm~ W,nell a house 'borns, the :result: is uSlially ':h~s, and asb~ baLV\e a, certain :loo:k, and :sm~U .. So, a '1,~-Ds~'Ll!_sS, 'belief' abeut the 'bU!ming dOtW,D ,of fR,' b:Q:U!R oonllnits me: 'to a t-enseJte5s 'bell~I' dla't, ,¢~ttain. experie.,nces w~u]d ,al1l,.elltm m,j' ,sub ...

:~U' l"ll!"l"oft '''ilr'---~-:::''',;'i'll [;i"i;-,-' the ;I!j';C'-:n,;i!i,_ 'lI;""~,~, '."'"'fil'fii:"il,~"'.il~ 'iiI\~:'II-lfT~~~ ""-"'I'", ;i.,'t.."!' 1!--"m·---'I .. __ ,1 ",""Io:II,!Ij., ~J:':HV~J ,,",,18, !Ij;_~,,,,," gt;eu .... "" ""Vl.y lIoIII.,-.U:II'r.'",,:!Ii,g'.L ,i&'CIa,~I!O#'.U!, I~ I"U:.,., iii. ", '

JOI' de't:e.m,irl!6S ~n'l,y wbJ,etba' I [ex,pett' tho,m experienees now' (fl' :1;a;t:eJ'\ ,A, ~nes;po:nd-ii:nl' 'mn'n.e:ed,o:n exiis:ts be!~Wleeft :mY"tJc.perie.n,c.es ,a:nd, tnle 1t,ellse' -gf' dlre judI1me-D,'t. fOfr w.'nicb, the~f· provide [evld,ena'li'

Tb.",eftlc~ altl'ij~u'I-h, it: is, ru:~t, 'possl,b],e; to assess the '~xper:h~ndaJ, ~dtenc~' (o~ ~- ~e~~d r~t.ua1 ji~dg~tLII~, wit'h'Qut boWim!' :alli~1 tlem:p0I'ia], Fe.laitlo'o. 10' the: C~.Fcum.s,ta;nc~ 'wJit'h 'w:bitcb t'beJud.gIM,eJ\J:t ,(I,9'ls;. ~Jt is :nevert'he'less ·possi'b~,e 'to s,pe:cify te.uRless11y an. tOe: ,relations: 'of[evi,dien}ce [on, '~h;£'b 8u,ch a ji~d!fmeJ1t ,aJepend_s" :&0 b,t t,en:seJess oond:~udtOlli8 could '00 drawn ,0111. t'ne: bum, Qf' tenseless ~,~Ulicaln,o;[iJs, o:f t~hJe' e'videll,c:e .. N,~1-d!u~;[' the ,call:t'~n~t of ,8, 't~nlOO jiudgolent m<lJf ~ts ,ewcl!c;mdaJ oonn'ecti~m3, _e' :l-Illaccces:si,b],c tTmm a, t-eDlporaJly' nteUlt'.f;al, s,ta'!lJd:poiln'l ::, ,only t'b:e: 'ItJUe: i,be]l£, :requ';J'\e!

aJ,ha:ndon.ment ,of t'hat s,ta'ru),polnt:~

Thi I~ L_ ,-:-.0;-", :i::-·,'~!:'It' :' ,.,,~+'L'~ ':--Ilc·+~'-::-l !', -~-;-:mellt- A1t'hou ·It [:De ne CMe IS SImIlar- M,~u, a pr~~ciLJlu~g~~~'_L_c., ~,,--,,,_,,-,,~_gJ,,. o,_:__,~

, .... ~a;.'D.fn, "A.' :O'!i~)t': ~iTli, ,j,Iii" ~':"'7'I;ilifoit!, !.'\""!'i"" '~,,",.,.,;i"ij~!",!,1IIi 'IL, :i'"!i',,!,!i!" ~,~~ 'p'lm~.'iIi': ~,m: 'ii"~'.I: .... ",-:-~ '~r""!i; "'" g, . 1-1;",'1. J!iI.'!I"i _ ~~.~ ,:!oil!" lUlJJ~~ 'Y!'~~,~ ,lLI~!I;"""ii!' ,IU ..... '"' lUI-", I ' '!I;"o!::II,!Ii. ,_ .I:,~iI4~ lIi;'!;,!'

me dm,e 'w,hh, whlich it, deals;, one ,ca~ ,a~.ep;t the: oondusioll 'ii'1I ...... 'il\Iie:it.''Lr~jl~1'1 ~~:-,~, ,iilli_ m'tIP,\iII!'t'fi; ·a. ,~~,.,.,e~'ij~[ije ;c,p-~~~l;q:;if!'9i'~·thll ;i'\'f' r~,e: ~,;~.

,~~V~_lt .i._'_I~-;I~~~~1 ,JJ. ~"'t1.J .la., I~_V.·~'&IIJ ' _' 1II.~._II_IiJI!-'__~~ go ... ~~I~~~MYV-~' v~ IUiL.~ .. ~"

'C;URlistan,oe:s w'hicn. 'pr--ovide :8· :Ii~;ason, ;[-o:r a;ctitQ:o*, 'OKe Cain ,cofl:cbJld!e tba't ,I, 'CeltmD, :act, s'b_Du]d, be un.Q,er.t:dell,., This _Jud!pi,mt :PO,SlM~' SH mD:ti>:·-"iIi"~c:",-,~-l: ,:-:'n-,-'t":-'-,i'fc· :6c;'it';;:l'l!e- t'llen, reo-a:rds the' uDdenajkJ'tii~

, ~ -~~ ~ -~ vad}onia ... C~1l :cm.!!.\~, -~~ o~__ ~~~ ~-- - -l::!i, -,. . , ...• ~C!i'

as, J'J~;u:fied, a.nd t'biis, III sulicient to ex,plmn. 'Oll,e'~,s wa:n;q 11t '~O

'If.,'~p--:;inlli!ift 1;.._ 1l.,a;,p'_',p~ ;illlim""n'i17 A ... ~,I!i;'!I!iPo~, 1J.r.,!'j,'np'~ ~''i'fIi."".A ~S":'ii'iil",",1l.'!'!Ii1 d ,~,..cA!' ~.~;~11

JJi.I.I_".Lr,~.-I~" ~ .IHI:_J ;", .~- .,1 :~~D~l IUt.l. 11,"'1!I~ IIJL~lr.,I.· .. ~1I!1[~j [·:, .. I~~I~ ~J ._~~~ W,1U1


I N'T'Bll.P'RE'T "iI\'T'.I'O.N O.P F.R U IlK N T lAE., .R.B,A,S,Q,rl!Ui i l: [Ornl ·even. if [one does not; .kn,ow wbalt time :iit :Bi .Imouna,tion ;".il~"rUllt· In~i~;~'. r4!im-- >nnr~,ll 'Il~a-c tion 'm--[~~~l!v ,:-. . ..,11~""~ ~n-- i!'!: c-w.,,:L.,jIi;i;""'J_~r- ,:-,'lir~

-U!lJ. . Ulll_l~ lliI! IL1ii! _ !_ "lr·_· 'U_:ll ,~. _ .~_&! .. ·11;11 [_ LIIiio.II !!I..;i111 ~_u.. Wi _ ~ .' l_l~'U['~-. U_l~

o:pportu.mlty ,of a.co'Dig ~n, toms concl.UiSilllD :is, av,a'Uable;" l,f 'the 't~:me iii q,uestion :is, p~,tsefit" Oif1iJe eaa act dirttU,.; iiflt is s[uU to, come, tke: :~tiv.a'u.oJ1), :Q'UiY' :lea!d On~ to' ta'ke :prep~~,aJt~ry :mt~~1iU'eS, (w'm~

I"iO!Iil"'i'i _Jl_~, b-, · ';'I'IIi;.,,+:ii~~';;- ~,.,~_"~'11~Jl'ill;~"':')- j ~'f;-' l";~~ \-)~~, 'p~ ~I_'-"~..l;, ~'Jli'i~, 'm-~[:'''-ii,:;t ,~~~'~

~:L ~ _ .!! !I;:L';!I'Llill~ !Ii. ... ~~"'-ill~iIi". c ",.Ii Ii., lih""1 _ ~~] !!WI',l:iIi'!;,;o '-, ''-'',iI' ,l.'b"'ii

Itope .. ,fear' 'regret' 0," satisfaction dep~mdjJi;g' [om tile 1!:1r--eum~

;ta'll~~~' . :B~t :m~Jv,a'~.o~~j,-~:Q~t~;t i~L- ,~'~ady 'pl[~~t-i~'-~he

't~d.as jju.dlin~m'I'., IOitbem"i.sc' t'he added :i;n;(ol',ma'tion, t'halt ,tb~ d'me ,In, qu.estioll, is, p'f'eS1~ll:t. could not of :;:ts~tf lem, ta' :3icuon ::: it would feq,ui-re ln addihioo a pl,actlca'l pnn,cl,ple~ [oJ'm'ula'llle oldy im. 'tbe: p'~nJt t:e'ns.e" Justifyin.g action. if'there :bs, a, reason t'O, act rwwt~ l\nd. ~ba!t wo!llld m,ean 'tlTtat pra(:tlc~d. ~asomnl' was; 'I'\"""m'. 1I·1Ii11!':i,.'iiw Id-I~~l'O~;'i':!i;'ii',~~ '~r-:,"'Im-, ~'b-: '~ 'S:~\l']I:n,',d'-'nn,~'~':t, ~~"~~m,~n~'Ii"Ql- 'I']II~~III'~"";""~.~'''''

._Il~_ ~'~~C1U1I,I' ,~III;II~_II_R!I!-~~J II_J.Vi _ 1" __ '-r. ,I!l._H __ . _ llr·_'.l~".t.l uJ[ '~'i _ J ltrr.·_.tlllH_, "_111~""""_" m ..

'ty'i O,De would be able 'to arr.iv1e rr~m, tba,t, ;sta·n,a,po]ll:t. 'onlly 3't :rAotivalti.omally em,pt:y judg.mmls a.oout 'tnJe ]lreseRee of' ~jmti'll'" eatioms; I [~[' atiUD\Iljl w,h.~f1ea:s dl,ej'[' aceecPta'Filioe~ as /Jtattied'i' ,j'lUti:fi, .. ciitloms, wo'td.d de,pend ,on, a pl'\ese:Dt:-t;ense r-e[o!',m'l!llation [of t'he

oondiltiQIl5;; .

M:y basic [cao'tg:tiaD has wen, taat p(f,ac;ti,Ct\J, ,j'uld,gn:Ulnb; m'U!Sit sbame~ Witl :faCltllal jiudlDu~nts dl!e Pfop~rtJ' of being' asslmilable 10 the sif,a;nc1Jpoiin.t ,of'te~M.par,al nel!l'tr,aUt,y'~ Just as a change: from a ICDse'iess, to' a, 't,:ensed, rae~tual .ll!ldgll~en.t does JJ,~t: a.J!Jt'er what: iis heUeved~] 'but only' the :s~an,d.poj:ni :from, wru.cn one 'vlcm, :h"~ :50· the chaDp from, 8" tenseless to a 't~m;~d 'pnretical jiu,dg1me:n't: does R(ilt a),t'er·'wha't: [(lIlt ,acoepts, a" Justmca;tij,on [OIl"" ·w.ao.dlill~ bu,t, ,omy the !;ta'ndpo.int from wblC:h one wants ,h~i' If the sense of pr.acrlcal jrudgfme:n:m w't;I)'e ,eJla:npd;,; or their mou.ya,Uosal, oont'ent .lQstll wheQ. ~Jite' ;~imf;ted [QU,t, [Qf t'he ,ptr~nt 't~IiIS~'1 ,t'hen. pJ:;ac~ti~al :~eaJson.'"

~liHliDt- ~;'~iF"lld' 1 1t--~: ·a· 'HI a·I'i'i.~,~I'l·C4i:.ii!'ii¥~~~1 ~~1:"1" ~'h'~J "")O"1iIii:''''P'.~;O·- ~iT ~Ai:!ii!I<~l~' ,.I~li~1 ,"-'l!i~ ~~, ~ I.~~I "_ ~,I~~I y. /"f'~\l.~C~~1 l~~Ij;.llJII ~_; ,~. ~ ~ ~~II,III~~,I .. i~:. 11.'1. ~~I ~~~~:~~

,- .. -, -- .. --- -.-.,'1'1-, ,- eal c - - - -, , .. , - c - 'Ii -

g] eCJ;_U~~1 re~~~ o¥C'[ ttup.__e .. ~

6~ This: a-r,gumCc1ii:t. ;Sl!il:P.pot"£s -t;nt~ claim ,th.at pmdenc_~ depends en a, tdilef:i-n t~e' :rerd~ty of tile :fu-tu:re~ and on, ;1 eOQ(.t:pt1)O(D, [of ene;,-e'lf :--:, *eC'IIC'--':-Olt,aJt:·)~ . 'iii', ~;;~"":""I- iF,;ti- nrudeaee d[:-'-':_'IlJ.,;:I[ ... ~ ,,'m ,~rb_',~

S . as !._mp_~ _~_-~y ~~en.Q~ .. _ 0'_ ,pm~ __ -_c __e,pe~_y;s ~'"'~ !Lr;

:~ I: ~C: ~o' .m~, 'Wi~~ms tb [t!i~-n~do, '!bl,t wb~, someo~ ,g.~ ~'1'hml;

......... 1 ,~,'L_ ... ;!;,'!", .-...; ...... 'u' , .. ,iIk~",",~ '., d:"'''''''''''- iliill. .. 't ':., TI1'!II'" 'L'g"' '-"",~I:::""";' .. .,' ... .,.. ... 1· ~'._ . -"'1"-'["" _ :II!~_~' ~,g.-~ 1111 '~~-~, ~ ~~~l~ ~J I._:_~~~~ ~~LI~.· ~ [~;II;p.' ,g~~1 [.J~~II_~J [~~lJrg-~1 l~ [~~"~~l~_:',: [~~

~, :fmm iii ~mnpm'.aUy :1');eUi~d~ iltaind,~t", BUot :t bc'I'i.G~: ~t: i':roofali' lUi ·thq· f~]mg 'PI'~a, ;~, fer ;aeti:on", 'ti.ose :f'~ 'will be ti;~elcg:: 'ri~'iI! ~~, bl' ~cP~; .~~,v:~:la'bte ;w'lJerimg' wii~~.Q1lI:t too mu:dt d;elay'~ 'tllJe:rcby .bGZ'u!I'ILns' '(h_e' ~ of m~miplt.A.,

",--"Tc.!P:.A.


~:2 iitl' ':"U' ' ~B·· ]' ~ if","T' I' \-1"~1 'Q 'E! A' ~l '0" 'JiiT'[~ ~ 'N"'n 'p' ,'n, 'if 'ir 'n'E' 'Ik'll' Iif'!i 'rj

,,{_ i;)", .~ul~!!I.i! ,I, j. ,:I;;oi' ,I'"LIiI['-, ~'-.Il.",j;j, ,;r,-\;"I.I,U ,I, n,11Ji ,iu' .. c.',.!!."!i ~Q

ac:ceprta]"t,c~ (rXf: dme:l~ l';a:tn~f t!han, da,ted, reasons '; ;a'l1d a,a'lt:ed: r-e~n$: [en.taU, dJ~ocbdon" 'wbn~: tim~dess ,r~UOIlS, do not:,

[TiIls[ :l:sl eMi'~y seen, Unliess a, dat'ed. reamn ~5 ,ackDow~ed-lled, ttl be p([Iereot;, ~Jt has ne :m~tivaltilonaJj, IOolnt,en.t~ Th,eJ:'eFare e~£b,e;r h ,lacks, :m()t'i\'i\.tioaal ,oonf-erl!t eD'tirely~, ~r it: ,cmO'Dro;t be ,a:ppUed 'Co

;i,\iil.'iL-'f::t' ~-Ijii!i!l l'nnil" ~iI'Pt"il1 ,;t~ t'~h' 1IIi;, 'P" "~;iI!i!l'!i;'" j~II!'Ii[il'''''''I-il''lc't!'' ,i"\ .... -""' ... ~'iiii';ji;~r\ ~n [vW",-" '~~I!"'!.iIi' ~,'..c..:'!;.!''', ~'''' ""''''~, IW ' __ ["", ,I ,' ... ·~ ... ,.iIi,Ii", '''''''iIi~.;I'''''Ii~ i "'~\Li!I,~,.".~"t""y!},:, ~.~

t'lriilo' 'S~iII\;iI!i, i;iI'!il 'w·,'L,~"",,'h·· ,~,~, i;il" 0!!II1n.'nl1~ilid· I ~:ii'lil th iiIi, 'n~..i!i~jjiiI,nf' *~rifi\p.; "D'- ~rbiO!li,'t·, ;ii"O'':'!e09 _1l11Ir .!u--.I;~IJ!~ ~_;.I,~, . - .. Illl~~ ' _ _: .. ~!II.J ~~ PJ~·IVl.lJ~~- ~-~, ,~y, ~~J~ ,F~' ~~~~~~. l~\r.I,~~~~ ,~~:: I] '1l._1 .; I:_g." [~_~'1

the: ,sta'l'em,eAt I!: .1'0, :sB; weeks] snwl aa',ve :r.[tMQIl, to, :speak :I~t1aJ1Ltan." does[ ,n~t lexp~~5S[ the Sa'D'lt ,Judgluemt about ,thar~':' time ;B;S the rs:ta!t'emeut it: I now hl',ve :reD!l'D t=O' :speak lltalian )" :m~ule ;MX 'wceb[

Jar~~;r.. ",

'Time~,esSi 're-a',,:or: , .' (Iii 'f:~); [:it;l. -,' 1f:~l'-[c-d'.. ,_-,:? ~,:~'d' I :..I!; ...... ~f"kL,.,.;I:,: I:' b ... ~~

_ ' ... ~ .. '.~~~ _ _~ ~~mruJJ 0',--- iUHLC Ol!OlJLt Iliiln~ a,VOI ,~aWlig~ ~

cause 'tOt, :per,mit the 'tc-llsel[ess; fo;rm1ll1at;l§);m ,of :practLcal Judi'"" 'mentsjl com:p'let~ 'with ,mo;ti:'la,nGna'~ ctJlllteo't, 'T,nat ;~dlorw;s us t-Q[ make tbe: same 'p:r.,actlea'ljudg;mefd, about: a &.tllgle shu!3rtion :f~om, d)_Ul'ere;llt tlem,:,ot,All :s;tftlld,priin;b, ,an,d, :in d~'If'en~n,t 't'ens~~~ .It alSl'1J' a1!L.Jwrs[ the sa'Fn~J'Udl,mml:t '~;O be :mad.~ :aibQut t,W()[ dUJ~~~'t dUJi~lj '.~;t-hG~'t a, :mti~ ~f. sease,

w~~:!~,~~::ll:~~:~.~.:~,~Olfi~_,:,~X'~~,~',~t~h:~.~.:~~:~~~~~~',:~r

.. ,_ .. __ 1 1.0 __ . __ ------1 .. ,., __ IJi_ ~;;m'4dJ[ ,S]m,p_y becaue! there WtllS

r· '"11iiI;Q'!i'n'[D' I rn ... ';'iIt' ~i'l'I'i ,~'Lr[~ p"''!liI;C~' ~ii!1iIlm-" ~[D,;iIIIi; 'ui!:LO" ~i;~"'JiIC [!I;,AA ·d~~'I""I" 1~, .;illili ~'~'il';ii1"

:, ~~ _ ,I~~... 111111.1 .II_.dli, ... -I~~t'\;.o .:' H_I.:J!ILfIJ ~~: '_ ~--U, _- r~ ~!lr[I,.IJ _',' 'n M... '!LI-y~ ': ~r ~~ ~1l.lt, .. 1" ,[_~!I!!J

n.~g-bt~;s pa'n" to' :r--emt:moor' 'wba,t ha:p,lpmed, wU[ hope~ t:il!)t he' behav,ed wi,th, :restt,ablt':~Rot (ij,n),y OOC3lltSe af the ,SUbmqll~1\l,'t [disacr[eea.'Qle 'c-«e-lC[ts of' jJdi,otl.c ooba:nout~ 'bu,t beeause 'tb~~~ was, :r-e~lll W, ava~d it, tim.~ ,(It 'wotdd, be ·(lwy ;3. p~F.tlaJ [~(lyjljs61auo\fi ~f ,e~'t~~e~ [el:5,e at ,the pa_Tlty' forgot Ide) bella;,vl{\liUf 'C6m:p]et~ly',,') Su£~h (I,~itts, about t'h,~: pM~: 8'm- ,a;ppFtJprialt~' ev'~K :if gn~ know[~ 'villat has 'happen~d R~p~t 'm, eo tbe: put ,M pmd~rl!ce i~ 'ID ,til~

f~'tlU~~,;,~bo:tli'~e:jus~fi~d,1 by'ti~t'i~ ~e~~:i~" ' .. ' .. '. .. ' .. '.'. '.

A1-Jj'\~IJ:I'ah[ 1'1 d , .... [ ,~:,.,t-' ''':"1~!D'b', to 'presiilli''''1't'. ,~ ,d.·I~!iIi':-,~ll ... ~ !!!Ii'~-O-U'I~li~ ,1'""" ~'iL: ...

1"_:I_ltU~~ _ I .!IJ. . lUI I"~~._ 1!"I~ __ I 1.1- [I ]_' "_ ~~oJJI,._ A _ ,~~a.u.c.u Gi,~ ~ ~~_lI.lII1~1 ~l ~~I.~

P, orad \.;n*~:~'~ ["'~llS' ".F.,~'~~'~~: w'}ll ... :b 'I~ Iti("':,~';I<' f~fiD ,i',1;t ... een dl~~~~~ I~"~~m.· '" ' ......

. , .... __ !Il.~~ ""' ...... ~_U! ~,~"'Si .. __ '!;o_~ ~Q __ 'i.;I!W _~ """~_~ u~"'" '!OAo!!D. __ uvD UI, Wi _ .. v

:Ituness\, a :f't-w oom'mt~n:ts ame: b.l O:[1d~r ~ [T,b'f' ,c:oam;tIon :m nat ,as

Sj~"",Iii" !!!Iiilll m·[ i!"j;V ~;""';'~~ :-'~1L., ... ,. 'a' 'p'-ip"~'I1'"_

1_:U'~~~l lag. ,-,~,~'A-'11 ,~~=g~~'I~: [--l~ ~,:_~.~:~'~l

For [(()l},e '~-hlQgJ[ ~It is ,essen'tiaU..y a, mcond oeder OODdi'U~D,[

. '" tb-[ ·t t f~ d~ ~ - '" "1:::- ~. ed' b

1CrnV ... ~""II.. " I '_ iiIIi,u= ~.iJIi,"I' ~' "I ~~'llcrat-'I!I~r.~l "IHl r ~1~:JIi'"rlt'!lla _}U~~11oII-' ._" "v

,a;.L. ',."1",,,_ ... J;U/;U,iQI, '. II I!i!'i !!i:i_.A [','1(;;"\1111.,', '''''"' " ,.' !~"ii,iI.' ... , '!LI'T 0;;, .1:&11' ,!I.iIII""iIi.ll"'-.... I"'A-~,!I;...a.ig- "-' .. '.' :fi

:prima;ry' fe~n! 'w:Wt:'b. :a;re a._\S!umed, 'm be gjy~~ It ,~ru'):t itlU~~~~ fore deliin~ tllJe p_dmary :purs,uiu of a r,a,'[uomtl, :buma!D. lire.,. ;;:1:n1l,

miil'i:ii!tf;, net he 'n;'llii'm~Hji;i;.-11 'iI'n Ai"mma'~e it'l1i.[e ~P'i:ni'~I'i1 'ftiI,~,ii!'Ro;i'il;. 'WilriIi"MiiA ~_~!.\' ..''"'v~ Iy!""" r""~"~..''-----I!Ii;~'!r'Y' !\y 1Yi!!;,!'",_I~.~",--,~~~,,":c 1".'_ cc v,_l"~O""""~~ ,Ii, ""_'!;;!'~~'" .~.~. ~I~ ....

e-xl:emded1 l[dl,u~nc~ lit BCOOiun,b;[ :I"o.r.~ Fa,F,' exa'mpl,e~, p!Ud,eIl,'dJaI, ca;r'e5 ,a'b();'at the :sadsfa'Ct-l0n, 'ofUJ,t,u:t'\e' desires cannot: 'be' perlllli:t1tedJ.



..

','4 S,U Bj"E«r:r I: VE !RJg~,A,S O'N S ,i.\,N':DI 'l\tJJ ][),n:N'C::B

all .... ~\iJ~'~'I!iIi"'"iII!i, ,.r.;...;."" ~h~ "a" ~,a;rn' iIiJ!' M~:t~'_'H·-4I'f; t..--~'lII'Iiilli.' ~f:' ''"nr' -"ail!l!'ili'n'll~ m '''IlI'' [~. - ~f'n-CI.I_I~~, IIIUIi ~ - ". - ·_.L-_I~~I : 1;1;), Irt"I~.J[~tfl~;,r;",~~~ W'!C-1;.-~i:;I!l[;, ~~~, ,I~,I ~~A. jl:ll.lril~; . ~ ~ '11'

'n'~~-'ii"oi"o~' ~'Ii'ji :r~~.,.. '~",~,'I"l t,.~ ~1;~~ii!'iiilli~lt" '1' 1"1 ,.,,'l,..,;iIi, ~'~4ii'lil- ~~~ '''\.i~bl~l+ r~~~'''''~~'~~ ~~~ iIi~"",~", Y'C WI!l;~~,~:M!I~ ,,,~, iYllli<i' I~~j~~ J!~","",~~~ ~,~~~,",

t'bey arct: nOrW',r J: :sbaU, :hSi,ve 'reason, 'to 'eat, di.~~Bt: t'bimgl dien, a:nd oo:rmeq;uemtly I: ba',ve :reason :1l0IW' '~Ol put :myse.Jlfbl'to ill :pxition to' ,sa;thlf' t'hcUiC fu;t,llEe' p[letl~mnces," Dlu,t, dris· :in'¥olly~ :n,ot, a, c'hanF In, me' basiiC, :r-ea:.mn.......-a ft~ason, to eat 'wb.a,t one ]li'k,ts ra,ther' 'tihan wba't Oll!,e disUk~~ -but mtmly a ,clu,:~p :bi di!e~ data, [~ont":s

n""'.~~~n-c-r~~r ;w"'~,,::~'b .... o:"\Ii~m.c--~~i~;i;iJ. '~W' ~*'iL that 'nn-~'!~n.rl'!"p-c:'iI"" .n, 'v1:e'iI . .,l 'ii'\;iIi; .... ,~iH'iI:i! lr~,""~-~~~"-:_}~_~:~lj "',ltI;~-I~Jl ~_=__!~U~~~'~I ·_J._.~,t~l, ~~,_,_:~~~ ,r1-~~~~--~',I_~-I~ l..,.--v. ,I'~ .-.~-y ,~l\#~~,~

:[t.r sp~cific. aetian~ So lO(llI' M the p(['~r~reliJ"e: cbangesr ,t'h~mse:lves

are r--SiJi~I'ii'd-lp~ ;jj~;i:.'l. ''-l':'-n'.,;iI'-l·'tlie'-i''.Pj"iu ... .ti!< +'~cp,.,.;ti;, ~',,,,, '~nC-,o"i;r nji-o·:·ib:·1',F!m-:--~1

.. _..~ ~[D;.J.-li) .. · - c~-tll ~11l;Ul .. _I .; U!_. .1;1}'.··-il.~"I_.lJ~~~t. ,~I_lL\r.~l~ .~ Ii U rtl,l ... _".1I\j" ]11'"iII

BOrWl~:v:G:r,~ dills, need not: be ,tb~ 'CM~:., It :may bUi\'p:~n, th!a't a

m.pP:lfi .... li'i, L~:'lll'·~'~-if-.'·'! ''.Iil'ii;" ,;ii"!i.'i:Ii~iIi' 'b~~'im-"':- -;iii tha f- he 'c,-}"Il .... 1'" ;i!i~"I""'I'~' ~~*~I'liT~ ,jl';'.~'.' ,I"" .... !I!,'~~J!, UCIi J"".,.~ .p.:.~, ,..,..Il1.".. l~, - "Il;.' ~.u_)" _ _r~ W1II· J!!I!I" i;I'I;,i!\~"'iI!,'" Ji,UI!!o~~!Ii;;i '~ili""

aoce,~, general levaJnao.ve 'prin,d.pleS=~-l~rincl,ptes about '.ba,t, t'bin.i l'~ii:tU't! :masons :fQ([" ,actiJaJl~ -'W:hlCb, h~ ~n,Qw' ';Il!d~ :per,m,iii

,jfcI;~ o"i;nr~ _ 'ii~~iiIIi.;il.~"rilir· h, 'I. 'm' ',- a' 'U' 'b';iIi"~;~I~;iIi, 'ii;" 1f~-I,iit ~i- ",'I!;~ t"j,'lil.'lilili~ he "1i!~rli~ ,'til!jl;d,'; "",Jiy.,~~", ,lI;.YI',.,..~,'~'I!;!"'~"';:"" ,~~,~; ~~:_: ~ ~',1 ,c..,;;l1l!,..,;;~ 11;:;, !Il,~,U,~~. ~~iI!, 4.c.l!!l.iro;; !lr~I,,~~,~; ,~~~ ""UiI- ,~~~~ ~ ,

, oii ... , ....... ~I ., '.' C', .e. ~L d" d ," r-

,!hilS, 'p:m~lltvwhlt.S, penuaous" WJlla't~,loes: 'pr1i"Jence I',e:qmrr.e' (L

:1U'm, , In. tbSlit 'CRe: ?,' ':P;'rud~ne~ req\dl'\es that be 'taile Mceas:ura

c~'Ib~:;:",1!. '-p~ii'i'(i~.\d; ;i,,'IJ,..., ~iIIIi-r"~i'i'~tc~;~n.·' ~f'" ,oi;,1!.~:""lit, ,j,'" .... !i', 't\Oi"L::l~'h·' ~L:_iiIII' :,.,i~~',j' ~.l WlgC:Jl~1 ~.~v~~~v~~ IU~~, ",I~tIJ~~~wv'~·,~ v_ 'JrUl~l ~~I". Q,~-It~~~ ~Jg~~,I~. W'lf.I~1 u~.,

.:__:

fe.Oo.., Do IUs beliefS, a't: t'be: earllier 'tim.e ,gl:y,e :ro'Rl, a'ny' ,pounds

'filt judgim.-I' 'w:bat be wDl ha',ve reason 'to do B't: tbe la;tcr '~' ,It is Dot, elear tn, me that dJ'ey' do", ,BiOd, if l1i~tJ tnl!ln, the :req'U!u;cmeD~t of :pmderu::e' Qf thml,das :rtasons ma',)" :n'Q:t be ,a,p,pli-cablt,~ I:

~ 0.0, 'diu!!! ~, :bud, :tle' 1IIt!" ,hav.:e ::I, ~ 'wew' ;li~t • :DDtw"~ &i,ppoH :ftir: cuIn,pIc 'dJait: 1m ~ 'btl~ ,~t. m, twmty' yean, M win ,~iU¢~ '~1l!"~' ,:~~!iU~,

,~,"~_,ih;L ~r--~I ' __ i'li.~~cl~;iI>v .... 'I..-~-'" ' .......... ii..._, ~7""'~".- _ _,._",-m, .c..-"._il-' ~.'~. "" ,..:1.;1 I

~~t. ~ ~~_",~~J~J;t! "~~~,~~ ,~va.'~-~I~.J~~~~-~~I/·~J~'~,~_~_IiJ~;J1 -~

~ ~~_ A'~,'IC::~! tQ,'dJi1I;!dlQ.ti~,~, _'k-e!,-elthu,of'MGr~ ~nl.e, 'I!Rdllwdaal mar' 'bE' I~'~Y' 'm-Hgli, (.\'ORWoctd of 'mG' ~ttAi.CIlI ,of biI, :~!a!b]G'.~'wl,u.a~daLpl,r W muM'~mn my,elaim _,:bil~Pf-cHftii'¢',~., 'l:[:e ._._.,.1..11 itheD _-ill 'hU 'n~t '_na &II 'n1ildl ,;rc':o.r" id.e' 'mtw"!ti ,..'!~ 'un na ,~·..iImu'l

~ _~_...:.~~, !I!I!:~~~ '~-~_',~_' __ - __ ~ _:." __ ~~~'!r!!!_::.-~l'_' ._'~~~_~ .w-_ .~_:~_~J, __ "':~_:'_ ~ [____:_~--=-' '~' __ ',~.~-~ _~-

~ w,~, deri~ hm q, ~~, :~i~ ~., Qn, (he ~, !EJand :l!le: :rm.i ~t: iixrth, hU ptamJt :ud. ,.~ v~ :lJb; IPftlh~~ :~ than, a.c&. III '~ of HIJIimj 'W'iCi_e:r .. ,hiPu' pllIlUzll;pk'!: ~ Li~ :i.B the UfktylG: «~ ~I" 'Tha-I: 'wauld dcmloDd o€birn • m:-.iQ :prud~ I!bol:rt ~I opm. "e~ ,_tJQi m ,~mai, :~'bitily';, In ~d:.~,,~~, hiI: ~tioQ wadd 'bc'~'~'Ie:m Wi,a~."itl' '~~,~L


il!'!ilf II~


~ iC 'U'I' B",'T 'D liiF!f~~' ":"'0' '0 ·'EtA·" !C:!1·O",· "''''II! A:' 'N' ,ft 'P"<,'1lIi1 'U'I'D'1!:!IN",;if'!I'E" .

I'V QI···_··,_'aJ[Q~IJL1~·¥bl n,~.' ~·~'··~.·&·"IQI ,~','I - •. _IU '_'~I'_'I~ .I~~'._~].~~

d:n:ee :1: h's:vt an. Pltt"ndtd .'Il/d. '~ull 'bod,y a't: ,Q'lY' dUpoul, 'dUe, mv~ me: :r"~I~n r.,;"!i;· ·1t' .... I'LtjIi~ .... ;~ __ , 'irn'!:i\"'f,~b.a-·,Ufi!; '~r~1 '~'\r 'I~' .b;ll!ift~ ~~I ~~ mr'_> r ~ ~ ---- ~."'~~ I"V. ,~~ Uj,.", ,r!M~,C!i-' .~~, 'Y~I . ;~lL .. "_u ','YO ~ ~~-.~'

,righ,ti 'W'o'tdd :iit 'not 'tim alBurd, 'to ,Sl(geI't, tb.t: :1, flutkcr :raetDr :m

.fIWi'I'ijii';r-~..1I ...... ,........., ... '~-- ,.',L. J!'I",,"nJi'Ii ;iIiioi!'Ii1::I'ii"D ~eJ .. '1L at; '....... m" "1'ii+:i:!lMI.. S-III'i:"''t.. !i.!il1~

,ilJl'llill,'~r i~-~J .~~ ~_~ m~' ~u~-~~uu~', - :~;~iUl~' ~ '~:!I.' _ :~-~V.U:*'·.I-I¥.: ( ,~~_~, [~

.eit OJ' 10 e»,]lariljll ,jibi ra;uooafiqr l 'W.Ra't: m1lld the: factor 'be'l ,A :mrth., :Ho'k is 1U.pe:riiUOU became motlUt1\I'mu'ld Uinlk twOI :baliu:& mOfe: closely 'tn'a;~. 'Uu~,; fact. tiba,1: tibey' Mit: 'both, banfl_9J. of 'tJle' ,sa'me~ ,persofi~1 ,fiHld 'tImt: an, ,~t: eQPpg' ,ane of'them, :is RectuarU, il'D, ,act: .dm 'pouasor or'tHe ~tbu~

Th:j (:,_ .. ,~f&;'m",n'IOIioG!' ~'b;A,~'": ,~Jh~'!lii*' ~'jL,~~,,,,-"" .. :ntkr,~ ,~£f' <i!"iri'iI~.~-.::'~£t ~i'li;d~ 'a", ,~ ,~ ,...~~-:..c;rlh,.~, ,,,UvW ""~ .. , l!i.iU"", IClVft~""'r:__1n vJJ. ViM"",Kg ~ u

IiDglc ~lltUY[d'JUaJ, 'plays ·3l1, Jj~pos.tan,t: .,.,,41 Iidle 1m IddelDUram:g 'beka'ViGUif ,and t'kl!): £0.£01 ot:pmcucal r~asaMng;, :oot, oDl", thmagh die lcolUleCltioR 'betwleen 'tan,p>r.,al. 'om,,' and 'timeless; reasons, And, in ;aD, ,th.~ CaHs" 'tRe: ,a,pp::£coprla'~e 'beka~oUlr ,wiD, I~'

tiI'IIII'-n,",'lv be '. a1i'li'li,AMO' ,i-L. ~'.:e,';g '~ii'r ~1i:'~'b';'nIO' +n ~n, ';'n .. .J!: .. ..:j..:li-- ~'I' ,",,11.. • . ~ .1~~Jy;J.r: lUI; [~~-~t.M-y~~1 Ul&~ ~.I;~'I" .~.~ &~ ;~.C~ _~~,~IL~&l :~J,J1 .g~.L~ '~UI·Y.~lW8~, y~~

rr,le;vaat iapeClti ,of th,e COReeptl,oa. ~


O I' 'c··.J PC· ,'_I'T" .,' 'I~ I "V·,····.··· 'E' :':', 'R' .'. ~ A'~"" 'S····'!I,Q: N·,'·'·"·S:', A ~N .. ·:·cc··D:·:·:

I I :__.:~. . ~ ', __ : 1 ,r I ',j ~ _. . I.'. l~' ~"J [_ -) -.: ... .". _ '" l' '.' ,"

~ A···· 'LT,"~I"'" U· '~'II S:· ~M' .','

~ :~.~ :_:. ,~, ,".:' . [-'~".: .I",~~. ! ..




,00, OIJI1[C[T.,~:\t£ :I,:E;AS oxs ,AN:O ,ALT,RIJ'I;SM

j"-ra; j, '~b:[. 'n~lt~'h,·n~nm"'~ll and ii='~~~,j;.ql' 'n,~;n,~'!:if'''~'--' 'ton, \-~1!..:;ii'!'1l., '~~I~-;CCC' l~-.li!l,nl~ ~~~,~, ,f"'~ l""'~~y\l!Y,b'~'bo~L ~~~~,y, """';o!'¥~,~~~-~ r~ ~~~"",Ilr!l!e$ !!.\-'!J' Wll!U.'!;"J;JL ""~~:J

appeal :I'~e: ,n~id'Jie_r unh~~rrs,aI, 'nOIr obv-ious e:ruJU,l'h to [act,9UInt~ [Ott'

, .. 'L,. a'"""j'A[II!'II'.' -f~' , .... ,11~'lii;lII!t;;:ii'Ii' 'm'" nit~> -i~t*~n-- '\lj;'- d" I ;I;,1l..!il'''' ,,..,,", ---, - ,-'60-- _'!'A[- --,,;1;',1--, ~~JII~ ~~~jL~IJ~~~l u~, g~~jw:"lu~~wl~ '~~~Vll4,v~~~n" ,~n ~~, IUIJ4~ ",_~q U",-,: IcmuC-DIUY

£atse ttl t'he phenom~na~] H,owe:¥er Jo :1 :P'f-eEeF.' 'to OOfiCt'Fltr.,i'de ~nstrad O'n ,t'C'[,1~,[~' '~\II 'I'rvil~:-- ~. 'b :-'iI[+'.~i.~ .-:-I'c-:--;-·~"~'~' '~''Iir~ ~ :-·b,. ~:' ,oio:1!r,::;WI'71-;-;' _ ~._ ~·~e~, ~~, '_'~~ I~~rym__g [~'G ,pro'~'~Yle ,a, ·e~,l.te,-f 8I.~CQl.Ul~[!I' llUilie.re~ f [NilIO'~~-[I!iI

,th,~t an a,p:pe.al m '013'11" int!e!~ts or' iseD,timen.ts~1 tn, 1,c'Ooun,ll, for' al~ru~sm,~ is su:pc;r8ro;ous,. M:y glcn,cr.ai -r--epJ,y' D() suell ;S!ll;g-eso,o,mI, ,ils

'11 "b. . ~ ,. 'II ~ b ~ i, . .l b 1:-._-:- -11

tL at 'WlhjQtU: quesbon, 'peapJlc ma'.y ,C£ mo:tl!,v-at~u, .cry ,~rl!ev-OJ~mCeil!l

:sym,:pach:" ].OIVC',-, ;mi~~ec:bedJ, selfi-'iblle'f1Mt'" ,I;n,d, 'v,I'onus [omerj'[diuen,(.;eSi~ g.n, ~ome of die' oceasious om wkii£n t'h~y' Ptl'[i&Ue, the

'~'n-C"Ii"\IiI'i!''''!i!:~~ "flII1[' others ~'-iI!lC~' ,t'~""~' ""-~c"p'r--;iio ';0 also '~~n1Ii","~1:...·'li"n-'f1I ;q;,1,_,,,", >al m-; -n~-~:I,M1.~,_I~,~~,~-~~ ~~, y__::_~~~~) gl~l~ 'n~gJ~ ~g~_~l~ ~ I _ __:________:_.~ ~,~~-~~"'-I:L-~a' [~~['. Ali :,:_·~~_~,u-

,. "'~II 1l.." 1... r-' 'L d-I '~ .. ,

va,'~Uln, a:vaua~l~ W'i~~n l'iUllne 0;. t~.iO,. are, :a'n<~, atso op~l:au.y,

'wll,tn, dley' are 'pr-esen't;] \\\ih~c'h has :g'e~.uiQe]y ,'be: :s~a,tu 0f a :m'~[Qn~1 requh:~~mell'tl, il);1l, ·h,u;m~'Il, ,co;l1id;u,[Clt~ Tl~e~ :;s, in, od~JI~r 'wa~ds such ,a, thing IS, pure Il,tn~ism, ,(Uto~gh :i~: mia" :~l<ev-er IOC:f~~;r 1m. :lsolal'tion :rtom ,aU, ,otber ,motives.),.] m t :~s 'the di~~~t, :bIHuance' 'O£'OIiI~

'ner.i!\i"ilin?d iln*e~i:'!+ nn the ~I;ii"O.~l·'nnLIj!1 ~ another 'il:;;m-CC'n'~~' 'b··~;r.l'lii·'i'~iiZ'IIl!!' ';'~nc .tr" _'_'="'~'__!' !OI!' ~'I[ ',,"_ ~ ~~oi:!]" v._lc' "'.~!.t..... 4i!oi/,,;.lil;, "'!J-'--~ >i.lr,..! ,~,_:_: ...... ""~,~ ... "\~, [101\1;. ,[ ',',r,l,. -' '''''~'''\!IoIiII",", ,1,_',:

bself'the lOJtem:t of ' tHe fO(F,mitr 'pro~idle.sl 'the ~aUc~ wits a ,r-eUDn, t~ a.~~'., 1'( 3'0" f)u.r~'.b,ef,' :l-r-l!t't'maJ, faclor [cam be: :said, '10 ~!tteract 'Mt'll,

dip estern --';9; 1- eir .... 'i'Iii'R1Iig •• ~I'ii'li,j"!;lIIiiiC :1'"0- ~.nI;o'!,L l'91 ""9~1!! ':i(;~ "'1;,;'111- '11-., .... 'IliIin;j, iI!Ij, 'd·~ lIIIi~i ... ~ 1__:~_:____.I,... ~.·:,ri, ~~-~~'~oi~.~ [~_~~~l~~i~~~ll~-;'t'-'-~~ .:_I::ll !Q:~~;I:.' ~ ~~.,;;~" .JIlL. I '!I!_~.~~_: ~ [I_.~llr. [Y, [, I~~IL";~'

or ,Bn lDc.Unadon 'but tbe :s!mictllroe repms'e:l1,t'ed 'b" ,sueR ,8 SfSlem

,~f' ~~~~~B~ ..., - "-~ '---' . , '. '-'~-- - i. ~ ~ - ~ - ~"-j-~~-'

A St~lglesti,of:ll ~f 't'b.i:s, SO(ft: ,will have to de,aj, wij,th O-PIKtSidfi;t[ :sii.m-i1;~'[' ttl d'i;a't t'Vtoked, by' tbe Cofirt,e~poDd!in,g t'hes_~s ahO:u't: :prud,enitlal Ino;t1iva", W:h'b r-e[prd ,tg pmd~nC~t, 'we bad 'COl oont~nd, 'w.itb ,thc: intuirti),OIl, tnaJt ,since' [t,ven wheD, ~reprui"fl;g :£01:" 'the ,mt1J:rc ]: LIn

'. ~ .,:1.. - ~ 1l..";: ~ - '-b" h ~,.'

a,e-ung III tne p'feseD~~ ~'c: must ee it pr;tsen,t [1cason, W,i: ill(1 -I, :mIO'~I·]

t:,.~i~ 'm- iii! '8i"i;'m'~t~"~I:'tIri;[Dl" 'It;i;~,'li..i: .... 'Il.·I' 'W'-"''-liI'iI!''ii'~' ;iIi ..... tii. 'W'-·" ";-'~l:"h'" '~6~1'i'i-d- ' ...... a·· ;li-il'i':iP-m' "¥·lgl~~1 ; ~II~ j~'~,' .Ul '_' ': J~', _~;I_~~IHI~ "~1(1_1;IL'-~_iI I I ','.·.'.G_I_Jll~1 ,~~,lf;Wli!i ' . .'\.', ll~ ,_:_, ~_~~-_.J~-,l,~ _:, ~U ~ :~lL:::F.-~;~' ~ I~';j'

(h;e can:cs,polnd~ng :hl,t.uid.olD, is, tha.t ,sJ_n,ce ~.t :is] 'I wao, !3'm ,aeti'lll'"

;iIi'~ilIlI'!;~1 ,t!l!ib-~I~ij\Ii 'I' 'Q];,;r.}' ~;n-I ;I;,~SiI! ':i'I'i"iI[,~,"''':';i!jjili'''] ""io:r~·i\1in-I~"'b-~IIIii''''- '~'iI[ m,-, "llt[i!,t be ~ . .,. ,1i'n'~"III""'iIJi'" ~lI"'~iIi, ~, . ,...,-.lill. r , '~!I,.;I" .Ii. , lU'.L~ ji ...... !Iio ....... ''I;;o!'!!Q """'" ~~'~!I.,;l'~~.~"!i4, ,~~, ~~y~, _'-'0;' ,~___lIi, 4_1~,~~~,~~~,

,of :r:mn,e wM,eR PI10rvld],es, t'~e: wpulse .. If SO~ ,a'DI, OOntvjlDicbliB'


,A:n.,T'RUl,SM =' THE, :1:N'TI'Ul'TI:V':E I: S,S,'U IE, iB,I:

,jusdficadon Il)f :a:p,pa.f\endy' :a'i:tru.tic '~Rav.iour :01,1]5)t ,8:ppe.al 'to

what I:"" '~w' ';SI'i'fI<ft - - -

',. r~1_QI.. I I •••. ~="II~II!I'

Tr-h'_illi! ~~I'I:'i""" 'p_ reiud ,ji;i["~": ~ ir---:-"l' '~'1I'Ii1 ''f:i"P,III!!f-, a' 'i[~~n_1 '1!:-IIII!ir_'" '''i,~:'I;.I~li!O~'I,. '!L,i!!Ii,'u\iI!Ij; been _ J' __ iii' ~!r&Ii!LI,,", I: ,'Io:;,J, 1I,.Io,1I:~ A!L!II:. ,iI..U "'""'" _I!;\ " Wlt"',,!, _ , ,Ii:lillUiiL '!Gi _U,;I",U, ,1.l:i!;II:,,,,..... l~ _ ,

O:_NOO te im~'~e~~ diiscl'~mon~ of :prn.~enee,: :~~e '~"y.i~don,

,;i,'Il..,_.-t' ~iI''jI!i;'f''!V' m--n-t-'IIU\I!II,iI;liIiii"rlln '01-- '''II'I'Ii!'t' nnt'I'1I;t'"A1r-m- c, 'fA the 'm- -,.-.~~~ iii"iIif' 'B,"1IlIi '1"'I'iIi'l'iliI~r--

U_1itI . ~·lI·t~ __ ':1"' ,I _' '~ iW-y,·IIrH\.JltVtIl~ ,I .; l'i~~_~l', [~-Wll._l_tj-~ :,I.".~ I ~1v.J • _:: ~I [1 I j-~~_Il V, I, :iJ. ["UAL~~

,~~., ~ :",'iL;Ii, "'::-~1' OIi!,t\i1~' ,~'1!..~"!IiI'iii 'b"".'~'~:-'''d'''' I , .... til' .. !I:"V "m, i"iij-i:'Ii~'''!IiI'iii',iillld';'' ~I~~'~ i"iiTtI '11::;.5, i'~.~';~~ '~~~~~'J IUI~, V·_J~·~-~ ~-:-.lJ~-.!I!!, .:__·~ll .. ~o"~-~, ~·~"'.'I .. ,·jUl~'·~.I~~- . ..:~· ~~4j_UlJ,l!, U~_. ~ g.~-~!I~

,ew_ ,:,,1,\,.~: .... ,l\. n-iiY!o-1!ri~iM!! *b;ti, 3f".~iv" p-fie~1lJ'V for :lit ,', d1iili t'i1~':Fll'mnj~"'!iiiIi 'iIf.,t.'~i'''' fo,n ,_"tliiUiW_iL ,ril;~,,-~Ui~' '1l_!I;oo, :~~~l~,_.,.. ~~~__: :__---'iC):i ,I__:_: '- ~I_-~ l __ ~,-!I;oo ~,__.__I'--'r~tl!", !Ii."~",,"!!I;, l"l,;!!'

prov~de a j,LtS:u6cil,t_ton, ca~pa'b,le also of ,splrin~g :act~gn", :In,

'~f~~~::'~~::\:~U/£ ~ d~='~~\~c~~_\~~I; ~

oo.ntlttU6M (!L 1L_e JUS _~_-_Cl __ O:_~~ ' __ " __ ~ m ~ u v~Ldab~~, __ ~ a~ ~

to' t!.xpWD, ehe iio'8rumce: 00 a 'pcTSt);n of racwrs cte-row 'W h'~m :bl terms, of t'heir bj,t,er;actlo(ll, 'w,;,:t'b, !O\m~tbln;g i.n:t'~I",rui.l 10, h:~ml' :it :is, naltmrru, t-o, assume tbat: II desim" w'm,ch 'CaR 'talc: me' ,good, ,of others, db~e[~d,y' OT iRdirectJ),y as, its, ,o'bJect'~, must: proviLle 1fhe 'm:,_,II"'i;;~:'I~\a'iIt~~'!'I;j[jj:~ "';-"i~~' '~~~h-;'~'I"fI;~ ,Si'~'''t:''il;i~iCj~;,jf!!, ~iI'i~I'I'~I;:'"<"i", B~.'·l'-"l'li'II"'" :~;lIV'" ,;i!o,'i.;~ 'b-' ,!!!,ll~~f,;"'

, .. ;U''-:IIT._ ~JI.v.~;,I_g_' I~\i~dl ~ [~ __ IIUdltUI gllU ~_~!II._~'\.I! !WY1~1~~i!l.lll""!Il.i11 .> Y.1!IlIL_JJ[i ~ U_li"'-r. ~I_ .. j,,_

'~~,~:i-~ r--:C ~1'i"i';;'~I[" 'n:"ii~'"'i"" '~\.i!i~'~ll! ~""i'i"I;iII;,q:'iii e.o', ".ml'O!t.""'Iii"'iII!':'":'~-iiIIi' ..... '-'!i Tji; '-m"', ..-;.~t--·:-;-,t,;i:Ii; '~~ uiliib. a~ ~"", UI '~~~."'''' '",",UJ:, 1llCu: ..... lll,!!!o, g_ " , .... ""\liiL'!I,.o ~ .... ~~~!t , __ ~VY,rvai_JII;;. ,~~~,,,,,

'001:, be~mDe: m, 'want: his :g'ood" ,or else: 'wan,t, s(lml,t'b'illl' w:tl'~ch :in,v0],ves, :itt It

:Tib-'~' ,-;-~:-' ,,,---~ ,[- ~-em-,,'dODS: be~d. such a -::,:;~,--~,;- t...: .. ,<,-, '~--~, .'-' -\ii'

"",e, ,geTter , ,assu~_I-:p-~:_: _~ J,_,_,I_,~_ ,~I[lr,:__ ' 'V1-tw lmve, !IIJ!Ieec'-l, C~[I~

tioiz~d. at lealia, ID, [Cbap~e!l' V, and I do, lil0t pF.iOp0ge' to -r--ep!!'a't: tk~e crilUcls.ml here, for' tiley'app~,y w;i.t'ho;u,t slgnifi'Ca~.t 'vari;a, .. , '[flOB and vnltl '~q,~, v,aUdity 'tD 'i!b~ :plr~~n't: e.m,p],oym,eJl't (l\f these l!S5um,poom., Bde6l,y ~:, m, ,m' [;a'f.' ,Q a dedre :Qil'g;t be 'prese~'~, :il.' m 9i'OO, ~'ii"i~"I'~'t" ... ~ '!f.,,"",,, ,aJ"':t' ';'Ill'i ,~,\~ ';'n.'~~")~Ii"t:: iI1iif:-:9;':trl'o::~h''''r-, '1'·'~' '~'111!!~~ n ·~o··t' .b .iiIIi::Q; ,d·.·I~~'Iti.ill!: ~~

~J"'".v~'¥'~ ~[~ ,,',U _~t~IW_~ U_'~[I- __ .~~tIi·!!ir-~" Y.~M_~~ .. [~~!!r-'J! .. !\.l'_~'_'!ir.~l[ _ .. _."- Hi i~-..?_I~ILIIi.r. ~Ii.

tb,e sort willen 'CD fo([,m tb,e; ,&asiJ :[~r' a m,otiva'tioD .. , I,t, :may', insl-ead~1

b' ,,-, -, d"'~-~~'ii",d; 'W-'Li:_.'L ,iii,;,; ,;,.ftlil!!'~"" 'mii!'!li.;ti~aj\J!Odl 'ib' -''t!' 'I!'''~,jllli''iiHJO ~w-'L.:· ... ,1k ,.,1i..~ ·~·t·,,,"-_'-I .• C ;B.J : '~I_ .c:5l~ ~ ··~·._'.:[IU~,~, ,~I '~~~UJ [I - 11_~~I.:l!:·~ ')!I-J~'~, '~: '>i" !I!, \j.~~ ··~,.':·Jl_UU~1 ~~I~tlC [Of. :_:I_J.!_C_fl

personl':s :iln;ter--es,til p([-oWde" And :u t'bat. :is, SO'" i;t 'C13!'IlROt be. 3l;mQ11i1 the OD'\fi£U'u.o\Us, [or the: pusen,c:e, of' fSiI\l'Cn reasons, :Da_i'[~; :it, :nort,

- L. Ii .~'LI - - - - : r' -- c ~ j.~-- - u - - - 9f"Ik - ... ..£ . 11 1\', :1::'

'{'iJil,c'o.niLy':posslulie SOitU.IC~ 0_" mD!,llIi,Viil',_G__:Q.U" i1i",I1j'e:L~IiDFe"w;s ma;,r lOOK :i'Qf

,ather :intemaJ, .factors, 'wbich, oonn,rot 'b~ti'!f,a'nd, action, In, the~ al .. , '~I·.I(,:ti;·i:-' ~:-;-( ,,~, 1f-;"-·J~'-d', ",f·.l1d-bir·' the ,e,· ... ,,'bFt,l'lti~;;;1 ,~-,:;';;iIo.'~I-I-'~ , ... ,t~ ~ eli ;(~:

ILI,DU·. C C_Me", J,IlS1~'eitl __ oe e:_~ ~_g __ ~ __ xp,, ~Og, WlUJ,an_w~niU~'liC

desir,e: wllicll :isi sim:p],,' postula'l:ed, w,~ can do 'betta' by ,~nq,wrl:n;g ROW &uc'b, daira, ue possiD]e~ a.nd 'w:ha!t m our ~a'tJUr~ makes u ,capable of 'wanDog' ,other :people~:s happmess 0);' weJl .. ,oon,I'~


SQ' 0 IJ E,IC'TI'V E I.,B,A,g,O'N·S ,A.N·n A:L Tll'U':[,SM

The ,account :I: O,W~1 y;JjU d~P~Dd, on a fO(f.ma1l:cea!lllreofpr.ac;oo deal. :r-eamrrimg' wldch bas a meta:ph.ysical leXplaD3!tlg.n~

,Altem9JInve ~.DfPOtBeses, ran ;0 plaui'Dle mn.dida'ta, .[or a comple~e :aCOOU'DJt ot: aJtrmsttc; acu,on.' b~ea1Qe non.e of'tmem :pNvides the .type: ~·lSiQl;p[e.~ .a'lb~l1'Ute: g~ne;f,aUtJ·'w:bie'b. is :req'~l'i~ed~, 'Th~ff: ·is a c-onsfdaa,tiness fflr ·otne.:n, 'wbleb is beyomd t''be 'reach of,~m ..

'pkat~,C leA~d~ns' abo~t~~,~d~,ta~,~~~~ ~~~·:~~t .

. r-eqU!ire the: ·opera'doD of' ;a'oy ispecli;8rc, iseDltimeDlt~ 'TD,e tul. is· to dDv,er ·an. ii'COOU'l1!iI: ofdus renelal~ passionJ.es :moth~;atioll, w:hlci, 'Mll makiC: its existmce: ·p[a·usi.ble~ J:n'trool~iti~ and ,empirial iBY,elulatiion, ,a·r.e not: v,e.ry useful, :i.n, 'tkiis B~a li'DC~ 'tHe' m.otiv3'Wln, iis loft:en ·partl,.. ·or· ·camp],ete'lY' blocked in :im ope;Ea:uoD. by' ·the:

~'iHi,.\AJ.F_~,n;ili n~ il'".i'\'VPil'licpi;·.~ a £'"'-.<"i.~... .t'\A'p~illj:;i"i,Tli; 'Ii'IaU~·:·:;i"i;"",,·-·'\i:l-·a~i ..... 'I'Ii; i~·~IL.~JI;]I~~~~~.iU\i!: [U"'1I. ~~~~'-~ll (. Y~D' ~~~:~l;i! '~-~ll ~ ~~,y-~-~~, ,~F_~ -~-U~-~~· __ ~W-Mn,

btindlless, 'W1eaJrneB8 .. A'~gumen.ts, :a'flId. 1tb,6metica~ consldttt,~Uifim, can, R0wever', reveal the :fonu. of' an aJJtnlisoJO emnJJmm' Hi prae·ueal. reason, ·w:hie'b. 'w,ill be one oo.n·mJbutien a'mtong others. to t'h~ I'Cnesis, of a.cnon~

. ':~ :Ti Ih~cl,~~-·~~c~~ ... l ... :I·fi-'ii~(~'i,· w'4~;"h 'I , .. ,1.1...a1!I ,,.;I, £eUOi'D "'- ... in'if~'if;~', 1

a~. : e· r.au<OD!4J. 4:l;y ~m~·~,,,uc,-,_.,--, Ml ,-, utc.J~ __ ~_ ca_. IJI't; }_",,'Ul~vle__;,

, ,- ~." ",' .,_..J 1i..." t,'h-' . rr-...,:ll~. , - .- , '. ~ ". ~ -. -.... iii. H s \~, I· ': ~i~ 11d~1 1 c " 1i~- _ l "", .r-~p1:<~DI"eu uf I'J~; ~~uJl,I4'';;U:· ,;ugumtm,,,,:!!, .:__.,--'O?\\~I. WOw', 11011 _ .. iI!j;~ I:~.

l'i·.f_"iI~m- ,AA"!~ ,dTtd·. -, "i·b~. li!!ii~+. ~A, ,.:n,OI ,.;. ]---'~. ;;liil >al'l'fli ;al~gu;:,: :~,~n;~ r~ W' .lrt'c-·;1r 'w.'·,@' i"jj'~

I~ _ : ~"U"'I~' Ii., Il.. ~.. Il.IIIJ.! U. I ~ 1-';1 ~ ~'I.dl, ~ r '. ~:I_Ir~I::I,l~ lLU l. I_U .'_~I ... IW All ~

:""Il:~: '1\0.'1 !"~m:""lI' .~ .. :~~ •. "'US," r-~~~'~~~'~' bat ~;;;''!I!u'~~, ' .... Jr,o·,...l\..,_;. ~,"'l",W· .. ···· iilt:. can b ~ iWlil._ ._. ~\~ _ .... u.:";'O,,~!I;;' g;_ ~""""I;"!I!o ... U-I""::I!_~_ UIY''" ,iI.~, ~ _ ... ~'" Jiil'!i,;l' .. .Ii.~ "",~_:u:. ~'IO"

Ipenuaslvc,:., is a. 'matter o.f controversy..;. 'We. may' ass.'me t'ha!t the: ii;tua'ti,oD, :;:n which. it: is, 'njf~ed .0 OA'e: :m. wltich you would not n'b: it. iir' an~ther.' ~moD md 'to 'WlU w'ba·1t vou are dmnp"m :mm.&o,

1._, ~ •. '~ .. ~ .~_l r~·1 .••.•. _ ,I •. ~. ll-' I .JI .. ','""_ ... ' .. - -,iI3.1 .. ~. ~'.'~'.".'

,~.~: 'iI'iI'n,~ t""lb'~ fA\-rm~'~~'''·'';~··a, ,can ~":":'f,~,!"ii·~.i:tHi~.;IJjIii!;n.!i'lii(UiftD' Q-D' i"'~Ji:!!' ~iIiI!; ·--;11 VlA1i,ii ·H,W'I!'I' v' - ."", .ilil"., .... u\.W, '._ .. ~ QiLH_I~I::Ii,...a U~""'~~_C_~' """., lUl'!;;o'"''1,r~' lUI

POJi"'''',j ,~,~, ,ea,n PI~~'i~~OJi'~'~y~~' ~~: ·~'iIIitjir!.,iIJ' ilr'~' iii'" 'iil:~~~1~ ... ;a-·.'Jt' "'111~, t":n, 'pu.I~~.:::~--~'i'iia'-~,~

~-~[ ["~ __ _ _ ~ ~~II-"UIJ. De. I~UL I" .II" nV1ll,aJi , ... _ J ~ ,_. ,_:M-_ ~~

:peo;ple ·to ktil.p o&en as, weD as· ·to avold ft'urdnc' tllem.:~\~ .But: w'bat fb]Io\!ft fmm dB.,? If 'no QIliI!: is damar' it '~O ·~U~ ho,w' ICU.

•• r _. .~..~ •• ~ .. , .. J •..• . J , . I. ..,. •• _ • ..- . Dl I. I. I' - ~l . _ .11 _-_~. ~

''U'i''ii''llr' .i"!;i"i,'i!!i;d," "t;i'lot~· 'L.~ ,~-,ll'u-.t'Ii;-d~1 b v OI;'jL. L,vnn- .. ,1i.. ..... :,Ji'I;~,~ ad' 1\i!i'li~O:i:!j:,...,'Ii!'Iii ·'jLa* ·1·V.1U!~' ~_y-~-~~I_~~_~ ~'U=lU-~:~-,-,-~~.~'_. [-~'[i" .~'~~ '''·l<F-J.·Yl~-g~~~. ['~~I ~~~-~~_.;j.Q, l~~~~~

.if m:mroD,c w,J!)te, you. woUd :no't like it:?

V;~:nious .b.~tm~, Si1i;lPit tBcms~l~iI .mt ·eoldd 'be 'dJ;I't 'Vou, ue .alra.id. th;t~ :pracnt, 'bebaw.Guv· wiIl.have the l·ault, .t1m't 'someone will do the' ~same' t,o VinU~' vour be'ibaC~\Cf c-.c-:- ·m_iaht brini7

~.:. __;_'--.:'.--'--..- .. ". __ .-_-'- I _~._~. ~~~~--, __ ._ .. -,-,- ,I"""---~' ,' .... _~._ ~'_'__'__~_.'v:t>U!:r ·l_:__c_:__,D~·-- _,c~~'"'O

,;I;,L.'!' ··j1... ... ,,··t· ·~-~,II!o·'-b~-~ ..l,= ... -~ ~.iI;,·II- c~, ,;1:;.1... -c,-,~:b~- .;I.,'I!...~ .. ~. - ~-'~' i ,~ .. , - .. -, ·'t' 'r-'-'··

Uill :a!uvu' '. CIII,l . 'U UU,lGCU,'" 01: UI!OOU: ' .. ' . I, UiLC e:n.cotu;~· ·"men. '0 . a

T .

,geocr:a1. :pracuce ·of some; 1dnd~ :It ,oow.d be ·tha'l: 'the dlt::nllllit: of'

'ro~'rse'lf}n ;;1, pl~iti.Ol1 ,~~~ t~:, ·tJta·t: ?f 'your 'wc!mn, is s~ _ vi~d ,and 'un.p~easa'Dlt 'tRatyou.·omd :i,t:-cilJtalit'G&], '~O I(H)m persecm'tiDg the wn:~O'll,:' BU',I: w'hat: :If'~u have nm,t:ber t'bia, 'belief :001' t'is detgree: of a'!lIccnve: ~esponse r Or aJltemativeJ.y:·, why' ICaaBot such ,oom .. ·

~ ~


A LT'D, 'I' 'I' 'I'~' 'J;.,;r 'TIN' ''D 'I "J;,',T T '1" ~'I T I"V"'Il" 'I'~ iI:! 11'~' c;

~' I,' ,I,' n;, '\# "'~ 1V1l, :; 'I,',; ,D ,'.Ii,,,,,,, '~I , .', I, " ,'> ~I ,~[~ ~I ~


0,' ';-,'81: f r,_ ;i""!jIT' : 'I' "ITiC' 'm; 'l:.'A'" SC "0"="" N-"-:~ ,;it, C'NC"jf"'i ,;iii; L '''if'''rn If'"~' I IS; 'M

L :_ :",_ ~ U ~ ~l ,r __:, •• y ,i1.2ii 1-" ~"'" . ,"_'.' .. _: gl Al .. IIU Inl. 'I & l~ l"'-JI ~ ~ .l, .~


A 'IL·'T'jD 'cU" '1j' C 'jkJj' '. [T'D D 'I' N':" ;T' '. T' 11"1' T' I)'I"V:: 'I!'-'t ,[ ,t!i'~''ljT~i ~. ;5"

~ .. _. JL JP\] ._.I.Jd.~I[~~lIl Ii JL '~-lLD. , . ".J .. , V 1& .. ,~. "_ D .. ~[~ ~I ~ (J,

'_ . .:..1

&'A't" .i"i; .. ,'L!..;iIi~ '~"fIi'l[fio al .. ;i"i; ,ii,~, '8ft[ in a'b:"I~'.v to 'fIi'(;iIi~I'III'd' ;i"i;'i'lil.'~;a; A"Iiun '""' ..... ~~ .. ~'~.~~~~'~ Jllr.1 u~UI!~~-~J IIJ,ul"~ :~JI~~ .~~4l. :~_~Il. '~'~~~' __ ,_~ U~~l·J.: __ ,I '.:_l ~-l~lti-~~:l.J, [Uil-Ill~ :~ v'":~~~ ~!\i:m}OCnD.I

:as 'OORg' of' :mimmat 'to uyoD,e ,tllse't eNtePt~ ms;tiu_mel1ta.l1Y [Orr [con'tbl;gt'~'tly 'UfOH t"be «,rpel,ardon [of lOme: ;8tD:dmenlt. An cgoh![t, 'wh,o Deeds, ,help, 'bmoi"le' ,oorlc'iudinl' tRait ;B'[I!,OE,e else has :re:~n

i\i!'!ii ';I:I"I!~a;t~' him 'm' '1IU!.4io h~; '.,. ab '1'., ,ill!'!!; 4['r,I;~"\i"_ ,j;.,L,._ q'I'ii_~A_ "'W,~'L, .... j'~ ~i<' , •. ~. I~U ~-.~ .JiU~~~~[;.. ~~~~ .... ~.~l .'~~:_~_~~~ ~~ ~~;'''''~~:l ~~II,~ .. I;I.~~U~~~ \.r.~·.J_1Q~. II II~. ~o

'~~:,'~,~ " j; '~~, :~I~~'~ ,'[ ·foll·~i~I~..:l :ll['",·,c. '~~:'I'~I""1'I::i .·~~~'~.·C ·t~;-~I:- ~~ .• , ':, ':'b~cl,!·-'t..I~·~ ·'Il;. ..... ~I~: ~.~

J!_YLm, '0' ,,I;!l.e lIS pI'~UJUU~ c'.rom, ,IlCe!I..UII!,g JTlese.nJmen!li.~[ .,1 nen lemlUUWe5

.'Ibi!lir iud ilrlm,;jfiin[i' ;t-'Ibl'a,' 'to 'i!lilil\'i;o[,"!i;"h~~' ~;~ -[f,fi'llhlu ' • .,. 9oii'",j+, ~~I F.'i~91~n""'·~1 '~"'~~'~'Ib-I W1.k.~,"1k " __ e\o'Jp~.;~iIi!lUi'!;;o~.I,'''' It _ .. J. M_I, .. [~.~ ..... ,~ ~ '''"---_;~'-.tIr !!.\J;.!I1 ~!I!.,;.!!.\, ~g, ~,e~M '\N,h, . ,_,.,tU~Ui,

[o..~'I; [oWn, meeds :proV'i,d,e bim,~ :No[ -ma.ttt:4:' :Ilo_ extflemc' :bb; '01NFl:

;t!;iiI'!C .... ;j!I;iiQIi'H[ ;j;'!l..IP ;jfi~!iiI!. iiii.rl;n not ,:t'",i;a,tl ',"'!;-'f"rj., ,;;,1;.I~i"" '~n~c' ';'tri:hiiiii'l~ 'i'iiijii;iP~ be nL:' I~~~~~~ •• ~. ~I~'~ I~~.~~ ."'~Y. .~~!IJ.,~ .. ~[~-~~. y~~ ~~I~ .~~ .~~g ,i~!!r.I-~~U .__: ... ~ [wIl.

:liolt-e:m,t, '~O 8'I1,yilne else',", The, :p~ln, 'whricb ,(j,va, :bl'm, D\ feuoo, to' re:ImlV1C!: :bhl, ,gouty t'Oe! ,from, unclet' ,a'I~otbu' :persoll."[! beel ,does mol

.. ,I, . ~lrC" 'i, h 4,'L. 1.. 'iI.. ~.. .. ~

In ,llmel:'IPf,vC!: ttl'l£: [O'w.lfcf any:rea!om. to :remove: .,bl[Ii' ,llt':e,I~ $UiJ,ce~ :il't::t5

, .. '. 't..~:_r ' .. ~ .

,fUh, -'i~ ,pam"i

Anyone who ,tlUo'b 'he: :is: ~m le,goiist :s:boutd imadne: m~' in

~·t,'L ili!!r" ~ , ... ~1... ':'D ~iIi'Il""'t. <iii ;e'l·"t,'U .... [' ... :oND - '0· .. ·', ~,'1'111 h .["'" iC"~'I[l,[, ,~~mrm ,;i"t..,~,iIio, the

"'~"'U"""_: ,iI,"W~ ,ii-.' I, liI!,y""J.i1, ,Q. Ill...'. _M!li.J~i~[.I~ .•. ," .... 11, ,I _ ~ [w;[~L: .... ~'--'-'I___C·,.'~II, UI.vUI,' ,ILl,....

,o-~!e.r or die ht~J, ft:U :nOI :masol1l 'w'ba'E,e;vef to :remtQ,'Y~: ii;t. from 'ti,e

lIdUty:, toni p' P,uticw.'lar:I,~ :i~' one ,i O'WIIS ~ the 't~~l it ~~,~lVS'. ;a,~, ~Me detacJbmt;m:ti, n»t 'to f~~ti\'rd. the 'p. caiD as Si'D1.n~,~ m i'Ud[ a bad 'C"biD\P,~

!Wil I Ir i.' Iiii'Ll!'

wh'i'ch 'tEnR :b: I1C:MOIl ro~· aIW.yo:~e' '('01 ;avel't~, It, ~ dUnculJt;j! In ,olfber'

'w1or-m) 101 :oos_u[t the 'tmdiency' to oibJ:lc:etUy the me,galo,v@ 'y,alue 'w,bte'h, IOI1M5 :a.sS.i,p;s t'O, ,a'in,,~ <0[" wow,~l .M,p tn' ~,t if' IOIl,e ex,Pl!fl," ,&('j~d ii,>it'· '~~ :-~-;-:'""'~~h( *c'il-; t~~FII·~ilt'il, ["f't~iii, ,:~~~5~~~~ as :!i~r-::'I':~:~'~l~;"t'. -

. ' !.I", reg/i;l!Il.U_O,I !!.':uf: ~uellh,-li"l 0_, ,!lUi OW"m}~!T as lnC::I;n-atb,~,

[Tlte: p~~'~'re Plal,J be' dif[~nll't, :r~f dif£~4"epit itAds,IOrlie_OlliS, but the id,e2,:e the same::, malt :In a~c~ptli_Qg :gDlt]IS 'DE' ~easo;n5 mY''''' 8~~(' II' :~'~~*,9JP'l\r- ~ ~b'·i;~;(;,'·~~'~'i;iro 'i~:""'~'II~,iIi!i' :t'o~, ,~~~..alD[~· 1t'"'''l~~;l'~'iiiI'1II!il~~['i!'[Ii;:,,!;iIi!i!ii: 'i'jI;~"'. J~'i;'IJtlTr

_ .~" _ _' @!!>'!.K·,.,I.1l "... ~ ,,;[,"!r.I!;;f!l;;li,·I' "'" '1" MH'!r. '!Ii." "",,,,,,,iii, 'I;,~'. '!w .. 1,""'" iIiiIclilc_,,"--.iI""''"'''''\i!! &iLV!l;· , .. ~. __ '"''''

v~ue :fo1" 'mJ$e'lf;, :simllari,y 'w.b~lill :acknawlq,e: 'dla't: ,ot'hm; :ba!,v-t

'~.[i!~1!iIi ,Ii"" a'j'lii' ';;D' , .. ,'L~~fIi!'!' o' . "w·;ft, ,; "n,jjj;.;ilU':·iil!! i!';ii!<illr ,aill.. ;ili!ifjJifIIi! 'm' . 'I"~+ J:,II!'I '8' '~'IIV ~-: '_'.Iil"''''-'l''li;l!'

.~~~I_" ~v. .. ~l~ 1&:1_11 1'-.IHli~='~1 ·.;,I, •. ,~ 1 '~I~".I~.;t!~;~ IYlJ\-=:~ ,I = I_. .~~" IlJll,,~_·Ul.t ~ .~'~-V.l&liIl!'

nnit' :""1' 'llr' 'dLm hutc:'b~~ ~·tii " ~ "~~~,~'c:'~~,~, ,~~, tbr' [~~~alIS C-'''mm 'tIlr:'

,' .. -,-,JUS, ,I_OU ~. -:...'~.e__'_;" ." " . .c.', 0 .,~cc,,_,v:-e ,rcamm_Q1: ',_ ,e, go._ . W [[ .1, . ~. [::_[ey

:punue 101' ,the acts, 'w:il!icb, t'h,e, :penof,m~ -

Aqtuinem6 :a._gaiIDJ:t dlrc ctihetoncy' of'[~tJdtal 'egoism ha:vc; ~eD, ,~ffe_red in the: PaJ:t" attn it :m;ay 'h~ in ,girde.r to ,l;$!un..-a dlem, fWI» the: one ]: :pwPOK), to [o(tFIt1\'~ 'T~be af;gDmc;n;u: 'witb whim I a:m, fa:.mUb\,f Wli fOOM '[on eg1oism, :u a l!lmV;tfSa'i position) :a'D,d, :6mrd

,lllCOheJ'lenaM' im dtej~ . ~;_::_cn" 'w:'mC"B :~It l\eqtUrm a ma.R '1o make

b L 'I ~ .. 'IL;o, ,I[ 'h~' 'I' ........ 111

a!Olll: obl!tr '~pWe'ji, anQ, m ".a't :l't :IDeq,ulim: ,I ~lm :IID, ,gme.oo, tD[

HIP' or :a~ppol"t., 1: w1JR to' SJUllat', on, 't'ne gt'bo' hand, that

~;I;,l..;:i"t,:='1 [-;-D'ni~~ ,; .. ~ :-.'~'"7.:"'"I'::-:-~· 'i11;~!' :--::"~'-='''::'~lb~:,~I~ ,iIi"i" ~iihli '~'n;n'I~O!"_:'!Iii't--~~HI ~J" liIOl!Ii,;r;,h, eU~iU c'b"....._,y~.~ ,ii;:lJgl~~' ..... ~Je.c[yQ\D!a;._!t ..... ~, ~I~, [~,rl""u.~Ucv.~, ~,'T "'~."

penon to'Ms own e~, alta t:o his O,W,D 'reasom:~for aedO.lli' :LClt lilt :menuon briefly mm,e :eMier :arp:m~n't'8 ..

[Thele: is the posirJllnn or 'G ~ ,E;; MOOfCit w'llo Iclaimed tllialt



B."

- It"

t~ I maU. a;tt~m,prt. ·t~ explain .al~:nUsmcj! Uke :proOencc.,. u, a 'I':a·.'!,iii'<'"i"";o"". 1i'I·e·nW·:·'~n'ri;~·t-' .~'t'II at:'i'~iil"n" jll''il'i~t- !!'.i,iI!i ~;io beeame '"""lear' ~'i!!i; ""he ~[. _)LlrV:-ILIili .,l.,-:~, -_ J~ !lir.IIL.I~~I_ •.. a UtIL~ I. _!-~UUt h :~, ~.", I~ ~}L, _ ... ~!IIr.Q_"~_~~ ~~,~_~~~, l_~JI ~ _ _!_~l

-..:ii:""I~r.·- ,Jl;~""''i;!i!'~~:nli'ill ,~·t..,"'f· 'fii!"-u"d:-:~"'~ j~ n~iIf' ·r.l'iID· -'d,- ,o';:i;'ft1I;~n,,,,...··I' b 'i'll·t- "d-teri'iii;ii,jili!ii1 ~:~ ~,-~_:, [ur~~~_~-V.'~_ll !II.-I~!IJ., r;l]i.'_ r_. _ ~_""~_~ &iii &_II~!Li, ,1~_· _ 'I. _ .iIiY_ili_I~ILI1'-i~iIIl lUlY). a _." __ I .. I] .. ·Y.·l~

,t.:- . ' .. ;II,,1!,... '.- .. -,. ," . ... t· .. ,'L·· t" ..... .. . 'f"L._ .. 'i~' ' .... '1 ........ ', ,~'.. -'.,' 'I' - lJ...'II--c '!',jI;, Jirom Ule ~umemell '. ma F,~asom lLJe Ume.l~V 1'.00ml!l'.aUl~~ SOl l!~ .

.. _- -_ •.. _I_~. _ ].,' __ I .• '.I "._ .• I].,- •. __ '_. _ ... ----- . __ ]1 ,_ 11 •.. - _ •• --'r'-l~ 1.

MIl tmn 0.1' 't~at allb'iuilsm 'm not '[o-ndamelltat 00'1' denvni foom

•• . 1 ,_" _ .1 _ , .. 1 _. _ •• _I • _ • '_ _ _ , _., _ ~.~' • _ . . _. _ ~ .- . I.· . i::ll . 1 _ 1. .. _., __ 1


00 O:Jj'E,'C:T]:VE :R..EA,StONS .A.ND .A.LT:R,·U:UJ,:M

somet'b'ln.B' m~,e [genera'l ::: .a,. :fof.lr~a'l pr~nclple w'llie'h Ica·n. be s.peclned M~·~U~:t. :~epjtio~b};g th~ :b'~:ter'esitl.~ Gcr 'Others 3,\t W~.II T,ha't

'p··n:·'I!'IiI"~lp' 1i9 ""'''';IUI 'i'ifi"i'\l.'i[I.-.nrf~"" be iPlln .. · ... 1I.lI'. ·!'j,-'~11Aftfl1l1~~ '~A .~LI "';111;' '~'joo;,_,_'111 [IJ'.·II' ~Jlt~1 .'.cJ_t~' ""'~_'~;'J .~~nl,v.~,L~ylW'.;'1 ~!b- ~-1;,y-~'11 I~~~O·~~I ~_Wl ~_I_L'_, 11I-&[I_I:~AljJ

• '."~ i" ......1' ., ",.'Ib, . .. .... ';:'1111 A '~h "'l., "'i" f~'

:pd&apl,e 61. b_mQessRea~[ ~n iu_~.at!l; ~twu~ ':d~Ui,y' 'tj-,e· PO:U:lluj~iJt" o;_(

·[-~~_~~[-~:·~~:~'~[:IjCi' ·tun .. nne: h~sDn. ~'b.e~~m.vaJt.i.~rr{. :ii:nft·~'.~'~;I""~: #'iiof7 ~;-I.-[~-:-~~[~~-~I .,r.'-;'~'

R8I11.DC!II.1D'b, !!.\.'!T!' """'~~ ~ .r:"""~ _ -- [L~ ~ \IL~ ~ . ~ V'!r. ~~~~u .... n ... ",", Vt" a. I'casoo, iliO;~,

act1oD~ ,JiUSit a's; t·:fu.e :f~r.m~l :plb~(iple: 'wlLiic'b underiH!!s 'pruden'Oe: d liiIIi!l"'i~~ t~;h' :.~ 'nn~o.:i,b: '~~liirry, [i'y~ 'ji""'j!!.t· C~iii'"~liftlQ" CIIU~'~ ,.J~""~~!!',.'iIi':'L~~ ,ji"'I:'llniill!HJ"" ... : "'i!" .

. ~ _ ~loI_I~-ii;I! . __ 1i.r r··~"h"Wl.1I ~ . f~}~1 vii til ~Qi!ll'L'JY.U_I:~~ liJ!~t"1r.I_1 U~-IJ.'" ". H~'Y~' [iIIJ.Il~jM~_~~-~ ~u

one time,. ~e' priQJ~~.pjl[e ·~·~.d.erb!·i:rng al~~~m wn~, r«:l:llIb;~'[j' in. [o;t'h~r w'C\l"ds.). (h~'t .aU :rc'a'SiQ:ms be Icomtr~l.bl[e. as; e-x;pr-essi'nl ;a'b-jiect~v~: fcaJ,dtef' ·tna;n .~ulj,bl~ctlv~ 'Val~esJ. In. '~t'b CM~S; 'the :relcv;a'n:t.

""E'ii"I.jI[l!·~~"'""ftl oijiL"i" ·f.i~·~~O····,H'i!: i'i!: ,i'Jj1 'p'~lni"~'~;v '~O:'~_"'I'I' ii:"ii(i'iloli.~ ,~nim~·HI""·*~'~b·~·~~' ,.;offi·It·iLl ~.~~y;. ~,~v",~. ~IJII . ,~-~-. ·LI_D ~~ _ '1··U=ll~_~ll It·.,I~IIl_l~ ~\.L,I'~-'I ~V·.·.I ... p~'~.;,,~~ H·.~~11.

OO',FI~sid~r~'b~e 'variety' 1:Q '~be; ·cO'n.t~~.t of ,t'hQj~ r~~lls. 'w:hic'b siuis£y i·~:. Tlte:rNo1'le dl~ ;lm~pta;n\Oe (.r prud.ence" 01' [of' ;ljJtndam~

~'[tIi, ·I~. :""". '~~I'~I'r---' ',,"_' :.I~~I···I.-i"ln ~.~ ... ,~: "~IIj" ',Q;. Of~;i!Ii"",~I'II. ' •. ~·b,· e i"'i;MJ' :r"tI~ ~;.:""'·~'Ii'ip., and lb. ·,I·.~·~l:-.:-" ,~.·;~I~[l .. ~ .. ~,:; ... . oI.Q .[];~ iSiIll~I' ,!Ii,!!I;&~~ .. iI,1,..,-\I:. !Q; 10 . .,;,10_:11";..,., ~ .. _ '!;<u,.,.{ _I. VAiIi,y,,.., a !II I. ~ I!lUl:I~l~ .!lQ

te-r'eSB\, :~t'h prudeaee and alt~ui's(Rl l~pos~' CO(fldJ~,dOfi!S, 0111. ·the dmv.aDJ'te ~nf:ljJUienoe: (If' ,rimary reasons 'wlhQS~ ;sourus· Ile ·~~s~W:h,e:f~"

The: at.tlempt: t1lJ disc-orVtr s~u:~" :a .gtB,er.a.1 f~q'U;irf:":men;t on cmo""'

-~~"I""';' .~~ [I' ·iLg.jiJ~t'" [de eserlbed _ """n-C d~· ,~.()c·l·nr-~[o-:,.'.ft~I;(II, :9[ n"::-'I'~!l'fil;L'Iii!'" l'·'''''''j;', .... rn- .. (I; ...

U.Y~J~ I~' ___:. .~l~·",'~ ._:_j~IISi_-~··_·I~~ ~'. j _.' ~~ r~' :__:.¥.~;'I!r.r ~l r~~~iU~~ ~~~h;r.~~~~,Ir.A/

non Qf i't~. is :~mdjeb:t~d. 'CI) -U~.e [e~n::Ger efFurbi, te der~Eid, 'pl"hI,d,e:IiI£ce~ N;ot. ollly ~,tbe' Fnexd. ,ent:erpris~:'l ·bu'~. alse ·t·b~· :[~rm. of,the' present princi'ple' and the method of lll:terpretat(.ion. ·wi.U. praraljlel those (Ii! t{he ear.:ie:r ease, [SpacincaUy', it wlll, be .arp~d. tbalt: diJ.c condhl,gn. of ()bieC"-l~'~~~ I(.m;[ :1: s'haJ:llcaU .til) e ,tb~· pF,~cticd (rX]p'l"e.s.!ior-.t [of' a .

• , d~1 ·b. t ~ .. , ... 1' ,. t..'. ...:iJ.. t...

~:o'~~~puon. :po.s!tS'Se~. IjY ~:l"i1y :Fa·:~[o.m_iU, a;C~!l'~1 :Slh:'joct·~, I~UfJUg,u, net

in dllis [e~e the [oonoe.pnom. ,of' :himsril';a8 ·t,ejfi:POf,dl.'y tx'~efidedjj ~; h:as been lndieatm 'in t(~b· IV'· :S:::z' ~ 'the' co:.~tilnD ir.ll:"·dJtr'Cl~\r:I'~

I. ~ [ -_ ~ [._ ~ . . .• _ _ _ ... _ f. t 1 [ - .• . .~ - !tl I J •• 'I 'z;1 [ J:III - - .•. ~.-.~. "~-Jr"~ ._. . un ~ ~ _-f. J.j "~~~!!'-i

"!Iil~'~~'li~s··m.'[ ';;a; :t;~'i!Ii;.''''. ~ 1r>'1I!"~~~f ;"llg 'm~~-'l'~' .,...'l'lil;illi; 'p,~~~ ,a.m',[[;i!'i(HI~ ~~iL'OII!~.

~_'J~-I![Y_I_.- _ J [I_.:J! ~_II)I~~ VL Vt~~~~"-_ ~ ~--~-~!Ii.ol--·7 V'''_II~ L ~IJ[~tI!IJ . Y':a-_~~ u~_l_I/"-r."'Iil!I'

mlild, of adl£1'I as ptnoD![ m~ ,joust· :IU, fuU. ,3 sense .. T.hi!:is pl'mUel '~Ol tile [oeD!traJ. eltmenlt in. a cnR«~don. of ·onesrdf' as t'lm~i'Y1raU."

r r- ~

extenlled: tDa,t "tile :preseRt is jiu~lt [a 'd'me among ·otke.tS", 3lut, t'ha't:

[o:ther tImes are [equa]l,y real, AI w!! sball see, dte 't,WQ 'rie:w'!, ba',ye,

[iI~:~;'II;e;,r.: :'.Ii;'I:'ii'!_.1:V:II~J .~'~,d· ': 'n.'Ij",-'II~~'il ,iIi"~'I!!i;!ItoN'!Itil~iIi"~ . llIiHi_I:I:U_IL,-,_ H_II_I~I' ~~Qi H_I_~ _. llr-~I ~-,aJ ~¥.-I--':r.""'l !IIII~":*,~nil!-1i

:M',' 3jlr-p'mc:nt :g. bl,tle:nid,oo, 'ttl dc:m.Onltmle ·tn.at ,alJt.nlsm I(Of :l'e :()a;r,u1t principle) diel)enrus, ·on. a" ftill. Femlmldo~ '0[' ,t·h.e· realty· m otllie4' ~oni., :N'~t'helcss[ tile C'elidr,al OOIl,ception. in my' pro .. , :~~d. '-~~k~~~ta;tia~ ·w.i][ . bl!: .90. ~ml~~ptt~~. '~j [~.~~lh: ~d:-' d~~

:'!I;. 'II"Q'1I'im •. Hi!I'~I~' 'IU;;'~~ ·~'jIIjjII;iIt. [~'l!lil !!lil._ :91'1j;t;! ... ;I~;iII' Ir.;;t' 'i:;-~,:,.~, t"I;~;-! lI'''''''I!:i'''''.nili'~;ij'!i.'IjjIi ~",":,!'.ii'i!'!!ii' I'U'[I:i!!i'_ . "",,,~.',,,",&n, .:11, ~DIII. ...... 1.1 DJI;I, ""_noW,, ... _:10.']1 IV."" ,IiW'W .I~ ", .. ;'Ul:iI,.~,r·!II.iI,.U~:II' 1iJ'e1Ao.1,;i3I

an ~lf:~~nt~-rGtm ,actlQm~ T.ni! m~thoo is ,all(lwabl~:). 'bec;a'.w~ .ROo,piitioD. of the :uat.:ty <ttf om.tts [die,pe:nm; OR ·3. ca,eqOOll of


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