Modern Hindi Literature and Social Responsibility

samakalaIna ihMdI ]pnyaasa maoM saaMp`daiyakta ka saMdBa-
Ba-
AQyaaya¹
AQyaaya¹ 3
samakalaIna ihMdI ]pnyaasakaraoM kI

dRiYT maoM samaajaÊ Qama-
Qama- AaOr saMp`daya
3º 1º samakalaIna ]pnyaasa maoM ivaBaaijat samaaja
ka ica~Na
3º 2º samakalaIna ]pnyaasa maoM saaMp`daiyak t%vaaoM
kI Kaoja AaOr phcaana
3º 3º samakalaIna ]pnyaasakaraoM kI dRiYT maoM
saaMp`daiyakta
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Ba-
samakalaIna ihMdI ]pnyaasakaraoM kI dRiYT maoM samaajaÊ Qama-

Qama- AaOr saMp`daya
Baart ko ivaBaajana sao phlao AaOr ivaBaajana ko baad ko samaya AaOr samaaja maoM kafI pirvat-na
Aa cauka qaa.svaaBaaivak $p sao [saka p`Baava BaartIya janamaanasa pr BaI pD,a.kao[- BaI
rcanaakar samaaja sao kTkr nahIM rh sakta.kao[- BaI eosaI kalajayaI rcanaa nahIM hao saktI
ijasamaoM iksaI na iksaI $p maoM samaaja ka ica~Na na ikyaa gayaa hao.ivaBaajanaaoprant
pirisqaityaaoM nao rcanaakar ko maanasa kao BaI inaScaya hI p`Baaivat ikyaa hO.]<arao<ar baZ,tI hu[-
saaMp`daiyakta nao rcanaakar kao Qama-¸ samaaja¸ saMp`daya¸ pairvaairk irSto¸ Qama- sao [tr
[Msaainayat ko AaQaar pr bananao vaalao irStaoM pr punaiva-caar krnao ko ilae baaQya ikyaa.eosao maoM
rcanaakar ko dRiYTkaoNa maoM Qama-¸ saMp`daya¸ samaaja [%yaaid kao doKnao AaOr prKnao ko najairyao ka
ivaSlaoYaNa krnaa AavaSyak hO.
3º 1º samakalaIna ]pnyaasa
]pnyaasa maoM ivaBaaijat samaaja ka ica~Na
samakalaIna ]pnyaasaaoM maoM ivaBaaijat samaaja ka ica~Na iksa $p maoM huAa hO Æ [sa ivaYaya pr
ek ivahMgama dRiYT Dalanaa BaI ja$rI hO.samakalaIna ]pnyaasa kI saImaa maoM sana\\ 1960 ko baad
p`kaiSat hue ]pnyaasaaoM pr dRiYT Dalanao ka p`yaasa kroMgao.svaaQaInata ko t%kala baad hI
saaMp`daiyakta kI ivaBaIiYaka kao tao imalaI laoikna yaSapala ko ]pnyaasa ‘JaUza¹saca’ ko Alaavaa
AaOr kao[- eosaa ]pnyaasa 1947 sao laokr 1960 tk ivaSaoYa cacaa- maoM nahIM rha ijasamaoM
saaMp`daiyakta kI samasyaa kao iSa_t sao ]zayaa gayaa hao.laoikna saaz ko dSak ko baad sao
laokr Aaja tk saaMp`daiyakta kI samasyaa kao laokr k[- ]pnyaasa ilaKo gayao.jaOsao¹jaOsao
saaMp`daiyakta kI samasyaa ka ]Baar haonao lagaa vaOsao¹vaOsao [na 50 vaYaao-M maoM ]pnyaasakaraoM nao
saaMp`daiyak ivacaarQaara ko ]Baar ko pICo maaOjaUd Aaiqa-kÊ rajanaOitkÊ BaaiYak AaOr xao~Iya
karNaaoM ka ]llaoK krto hue [sa samasyaa pr ivacaar ikyaa hO.[sasao [na ]pnyaasakaraoM kI
saamaaijak pìtbawta tao ]BartI hI hO saaqa hI saaMp`daiyak samasyaa kao ivaivaQa naj,airyao sao
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Ba-
doKnao kI dRiYT BaI imalatI hO.svatM~ta ko baad sao laokr Aba tk saaMp`daiyakta pr
AaQaairt ijatnao BaI ]pnyaasa doKnao kao imalao ]nhoM tIna BaagaaoM maoM baaÐTa jaa sakta hO.p`qamatÁ
doSa ivaBaajana sao ]%pnna hue saaMp`daiyak tnaava kao koMnd` maoM rKkr ilaKo gayao ]pnyaasa.dUsaro
ihssao maoM eosao ]pnyaasaaoM kao rKa jaa sakta hO ijanamaoM ivaBaajana ko pScaat Baart maoM rh gayao
mausalamaanaaoM ko narkIya jaIvana ka ica~Na ikyaa gayaa hO AaOr tIsaro vaga- maoM eosao ]pnyaasa hMO
ijanamaoM doSa maoM saaMp`daiyak saaoca ka p`saar krnaovaalao t%vaaoM kI iSanaa#t kI gayaI hO.[na tInaaoM
EaoiNayaaoM maoM rahI maasaUma rja,aÊ BaIYma saahnaIÊ iSavap`saad isaMhÊ kRYNaa saaobatIÊ kmalaoSvarÊ
badI]jjamaaÐÊ gaItaMjaila EaIÊ naaisara Samaa-¸ ip`yaMvadÊ maMjaUr eohtoSaamaÊ Bagavaana dasa maaorvaala
Aaid ko ]pnyaasaaoM maoM icai~t ivaBaaijat samaaja kao doKnao¹prKnao ka p`yaasa ikyaa jaayaogaa.
sana\\ 1966 maoM rahI maasaUma rja,a ka ]pnyaasa ‘AaQaa gaaÐva’ p`kaiSat huAa.[sa
]pnyaasa maoM rahI nao ]<ar p`doSa ko gaaÐvaaoM maoM rhnaovaalao iksaanaaoM evaM jamaIMdaraoM ko AapsaI saMbaMQaaoM
ka ica~Na ikyaa hO.gaMgaaOlaI naamak gaaÐva kao kqaa ko kond` maoM rKkr vahaÐ AapsaI saaOhad- ko
saaqa basanaovaalao mausalamaanaaoM evaM ihMduAaoM ko saaJao jaIvana ka ica~Na ]pnyaasakar nao ikyaa hO.
rahI nao yah idKlaanao ka p`yaasa ikyaa hO ik Aaja,adI ko phlao tk Baart maoM dUr¹draja, tk
ko gaaÐvaaoM maoM basanaovaalao ihnduAaoM AaOr mausalamaanaaoM ko baIca iksaI p`kar ka ivaBaajana maaOjaUd na
qaa.[sa baat sao ]naka kao[- laonaa¹donaa na qaa ik raYT/Iya str pr ihMduAaoM AaOr mausalamaanaaoM ko
baIca @yaa GaT rha qaa.]nhoM ]nakI kao[- prvaah BaI na qaI.vao tao basa yahI samaJato qao ik
ijasa gaaÐva maoM vao rhto qao vahI ]naka GarÊ ]nakI jamaInaÊ ]naka vatna hO.vao [sa doSa ko barabar
ko hkdar qao.gaaÐva maoM basanaovaalao mausalamaana iksaanaaoM ka BaI ]saI p`kar SaaoYaNa haota qaa ijasa
p`kar ihMdU iksaanaaoM ka huAa krta qaa.Qama- Balao hI Alaga¹Alaga haoM ]namaoM Qama- ko naama pr
AapsaI iksaI BaI matBaod ko ilae kao[- sqaana nahIM qaa.daonaaoM hI Qama- ko laaoga ek¹dUsaro ko
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Ba-
Qaaima-k ]%savaaoM maoM Saaimala huAa krto qao laoikna ivaBaajana nao [nako baIca matBaod KD,o kr hI
idyao.dMgao hue AaOr daonaaoM hI kaOma ko laaogaaoM kI jaana AaOr maala kI xait hu[-.svaaQaInata ko
baad Baart ko rajanaIit&aoM nao [sao AaOr hvaa dI.daonaaoM ko baIca ivaBaajana barkrar rKa.rahI
ko ]pnyaasa ‘AaQaa gaaÐva’ ko saMbaMQa maoM Aalaaocak kuÐvarpala isaMh khto hOM¹ “ Apnao mah%vapUNa-
]pnyaasa ‘AaQaa gaaÐva’ maoM rahI nao yah spYT ikyaa ik Qama- raYT/ nahIM haota.[slaama ek Qama- hO
laoikna ek raYT/ nahIM.raYT/ AaOr Qama- kao ek samaJanaa [ithasa ivaraoQaI samaJa evaM imaqyaa
caotnaa hO.[sako AaQaar pr jaao BaI rajanaIit kI jaaegaI ]sako maanava ivaraoQaI AaOr
ivaGaTnakarI pirNaama hI inaklaoMgao.rahI nao 1966 [-º maoM yah spYT kr idyaa qaa ik
paikstana kI bauinayaad [ithasa kI Qaara ko ivaraoQa maoM rKI ga[- hO [sailae [saka ivaGaTna
AvaSyaMBaavaI hO.]sa samaya iksaI nao rahI kI baat ka yakIna nahIM ikyaa AaOr kuC laaogaaoM nao
tao ]nhoM AMQaraYT/ Ba@t kI saM&a dI qaI laoikna rahI [sa baat pr dRZ, rho AaOr inarMtr Apnao
laoKna maoM hr p`kar kI saMkINa-ta AaOr saaMp`daiyakta ka ivaraoQa krto rho.”1
sana\ 1973 maoM rahI nao ek AaOr ]pnyaasa ‘idla ek saada kagaja’ naamak
]Panyaasa ilaKa ijasamaoM ]nhaoMnao yah dSaa-nao ka p`yaasa ikyaa hO ik Qama- ko AaQaar pr doSa ka
ivaBaajana na kovala galat qaa bailk vao mausalamaana jaao yah saaocakr ik [sa doSa maoM ]nakI bahna¹
baoiTyaaoM kI [jjat salaamat nahIM rh saktI AaOr paikstana calao gayao laoikna vahaÐ ]nhoM na tao
ZMga ka raojagaar pàPt hao saka AaOr na hI vah sammaana pàPt hao saka ]lTa ]nhoM vahaÐ
‘mauhaija,r’ kha gayaa.ivaBaaijat samaaja ka ica~Na rahI ko ]pnyaasa ‘Aaosa kI baÐUd’ maoM BaI
baD,I hI maaima-kta ko saaqa ikyaa gayaa hO.]nako ]pnyaasa ‘TaopI Sau@laa’ AaOr ‘ihmmat
jaaOnapurI’ maoM BaI ihMdU¹mauislama samasyaa kao ibalkula sahI pirpòxya maoM rKkr prKnao ka p`yaasa
ikyaa gayaa hO.ivaBaajana kao ApnaI kqaa ka ivaYaya banaa kr rahI Wara ilaKa gayaa ]pnyaasa
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‘TaopI Sau@laa’ ivaSaoYa mah%va rKta hO.laoKk nao Aaja ko samaaja maMo maaOjaUd ihndU¹mauislama
samasyaa kao pUrI [-maanadarI ko saaqa poSa ikyaa hO.saaMp`daiyak ivacaarQaara iksa p`kar vyai>¹
vyai> ko baIca ivaBaajana KD,a kr dota hO [sao ]pnyaasakar nao baD,I hI kuSalatapUva-k
idKlaayaa hO.laoKk nao [sa ]pnyaasa maoM balaBad` naarayaNa Sau@laa AaOr ]sako ima~ [Ff,na
Aqaa-t\ saOyad jargaama maurtjaa jaOsao dao eosao cair~aoM kI saRiYT kI hO jaao Alaga¹Alaga pirvaoSa maoM
planao ko baavajaUd svayaM kao ek¹dUsaro ko bagaOr AQaUra samaJato hOM.Apnao Akolaopna ko jaIvana
maoM TaopI Sau@laa raYT/Iya svayaMsaovak saMGa ko sampk- maoM Aata hO AaOr vah yah jaana pata hO ik
mausalamaanaaoM nao [sa doSa ka kOsao sa%yaanaaSa ikyaa hO AaOr jaba tk vao yahaÐ hOM doSa kI ]nnait maoM
raoD,a ATkato rhoMgao.[saI baIca ]sako @laasa maoM vahId naamak laD,ka p`qama sqaana pa jaata hO
jaao [na ivacaaraoM kao yakIna maoM badla Dalata hOM ik jaba tk [sa doSa maoM mausalamaana hOM [sa doSa
ka kuC BaI Balaa nahIM hao sakta.[sako baad TaopI Sau@laa mausalamaanaaoM sao naf,rt krnao lagata
hO.[Qar [Ffna BaI kmaaobaoSa [nhIM ivacaaraoM sao ga`st hO.]sao lagata hO ik skUla ko iSaxak BaI
Qama- ko AaQaar pr Ca~aoM ko saaqa pxapat krto hOM.ihMdU laD,kaoM nao BaI ]dU- pZ,naa CaoD, idyaa
hO ijasao skUla ko ]dU- ko maaOlavaI saahba mahsaUsa krto hOM.kalaantr maoM AlaIgaZ, mauislama
yaUinavaisa-TI maoM [Ffna AaOr TaopI Sau@laa kI maulaakat haotI hO AaOr saaro igalao¹iSakvao dUr hao
jaato hOM.[Ffna AaOr TaopI Sau@laa ka maO~I saMbaMQa Qama- ko kzmaullaaoM kao naagavaar gaujarta hO
Aaor vao TaopI Sau@laa AaOr [Ffna kI p%naI ko saMbaMQa ko maoM Afvaah fOlaanaa Sau$ krto hOM.[sa
baIca TaopI Sau@laa paÐca idnaaoM ko ilae Apnao Gar banaarsa jaata hO jahaÐ sao laaOTnao pr ]sao pta
calata hO ik ijasa laD,kIÊ salaImaa sao vah ivavaah krnaa caahta qaaÊ ]saka ivavaah hao cauka
hO.]sao yah mahsaUsa haota hO ik caaraoM Aaor nafrt AaOr saaMp`daiyak manaaovaRit ko laaoga hOM AaOr
]sao eosao maahaOla maoM GauTna mahsaUsa haonao lagatI hO.vah Aa%mah%yaa kr laota hO.TaopI Sau@laa ka
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marnaa ]sakI har ka nahIM bailk BaartIya samaaja kI har ka Vaotk hOÊ maanavaIyata ko har
jaanao ka pirNaama hO.‘TaopI Sau@laa’ ]pnyaasa [saI gaujarto hue samaya AaOr badlato hue pirvaoSa
kI khanaI hO.
‘Aaosa kI baUÐd’ ]pnyaasa maoM rahI maasaUma rja,a nao ivaBaajana ko ]prant ]na
mausalamaanaaoM kI manaaodSaa ka ica~Na ikyaa hO jaao Apnao hI doSa maoM baogaainayat ka iSakar bana
gayao.[sa ]pnyaasa maoM laoKk nao sana\ 1932 ko baad ko gaajaIpur gaaÐva kao kqaa ko kond` maoM rKa
hO.rahI nao [sa ]pnyaasa maoM eosao pa~aoM kI saRiYT kI hO jaao Aaja,adI sao phlao paikstana ko
pxaQar qao laoikna paikstana bana jaanao ko baad ]nhaoMnao yah mahsaUsa ikyaa ik rhnaa tao ]nhoM
gaaMQaI AaOr naoh$ ko doSa maoM hI hO [sailae vao yah maananao lagato hOM ik paikstana kI maaÐga galat
qaI.[sa ]pnyaasa maoM kovala mausalamaana pa~aoM kao hI nahIM bailk ihMdU pa~aoM kao BaI idKayaa gayaa
hO ik kOsao ivaBaajana nao ]nako AMdr BaI ek ivaBaajana laa KD,a ikyaa qaa.Agar yah khoM ik
rahI nao Apnao samast ]pnyaasaaoM ko maaQyama sao saaMp`daiyak ivacaarQaara fOlaanao vaalao t%vaaoM sao
laaoha ilayaa hO tao AitSayaaoi> na haogaI.rahI ko ]pnyaasaaoM ko saMbaMQa maoM Da^º pìmalaa Aga`vaala
khtI hOM¹ “ rahI ko ]pnyaasaaoM ko ivavaocana sao yah spYT haota hO ik yao ]pnyaasa ivaBaajana ko
baad ptnaSaIla jaIvana¹maUlyaaoMÊ AivaSvaasa AaOr sandoh ko maahaOla maoM saccaoÊ [-maanadar laaogaaoM kI
manaaovyaqaa ka ica~aMkna krto hOM.mauislama pirvaaraoM ka AntrMga [namaoM Kulakr saamanao Aayaa hOÊ
saaqa hI BaartIya mausalamaana kI pID,a ka maaima-k ica~ BaI [namaoM p`stut hO.”2 [sa p`kar yaid
doKoM tao rahI ka samast ]pnyaasa¹saaih%ya saaMp`daiyakta ko ivaÉw ek mauihma hO.
saaMp`daiyak ivacaarQaara kI capoT maoM Aakr samaaja iksa p`kar ivaBaaijat hao
jaata hO [sao balavant isaMh ko ]pnyaasa ‘kalao kaosa’ maoM doKa jaa sakta hO.pMjaaba kI
pRYzBaUima maoM ilaKo gayao [sa ]pnyaasa maoM laoKk nao yah idKayaa hO ik iksa p`kar gaaÐva ko laaoga
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ek saaqa imala¹jaulakr rhto qao.Qama- ko naama pr ]namaoM kao[- BaI matBaod na qaa.dUsaro SabdaoM maoM
khoM tao saaMp`daiyak ivacaarQaara [nhoM CU BaI na sakI qaI laoikna yah isqait jyaada idnaaoM tk
banaI na rh sakI.mauislama laIga ko imayaaÐ idla maaohmmad ko Aato hI pirisqaityaaoM maoM badlaava
Aanaa Sau$ hao jaata hO.AfvaahaoM ka baajaar lagato hI gaaÐva ko ihndUÊ mauislama AaOr isa@K
Alaga¹Alaga baOzkoM lagaanaa Sau$ kr doto hOM.jaOsao¹jaOsao Anya jagahaoM sao dMgaaoM kI Kbar Aanao
lagatI hOM maahaOla AaOr BaI ibagaD, jaata hO.kla tk ijanamaoM AapsaI Baa[-caara qaa vao Aaja
ek¹dUsaro ko KUna ko Pyaasao bana jaato hOM AaOr jaao kla tk Apiricat qao Aaja ‘Apnao’ bana
jaato hOM.[na ‘ApnaaMo’ ka ‘baogaanao’ bana jaanaa AaOr ‘baogaanaaoM’ ka ‘Apnaa’ bana jaanaa
]pnyaasakar kI saMvaodnaaAaoM kao CUta hO.laoKk nao [na pirisqaityaaoM ka ica~Na baKUbaI Apnao
]pnyaasa maoM ikyaa hO.
sana\\ 1973 maoM BaIYma saahnaI ka ]pnyaasa ‘tmasa’ p`kaiSat huAa.[sa ]pnyaasa
maoM vaiNa-t GaTnaaeM vao GaTnaaeM hOM ijasao laoKk nao AaÐKaoM sao doKa qaa.laoKk nao baD,I hI baobaakI
sao saaMp`daiyakta fOlaanaovaalao karkaoM kao baonakaba ikyaa hO.saaqa hI ]nhaoMnao yah BaI dSaa-yaa hO
ik ihMduAaoM AaOr mausalamaanaaoM maoM AapsaI matBaod AaOr ek¹dUsaro pr AivaSvaasa saaMp`daiyak
ivacaaraoM kao pnapnao ko ilae AnaukUla ja,maIna mauhOyaa krata hO.vao ihMdU AaOr mausalamaana jaao ek¹
dUsaro ko kMQao sao kMQaa imalaakr AMgaòjaaoM sao laD, rho qaoÊ iksa p`kar AMgaòjaaoM ko kucaË maoM
fÐsakr ek¹dUsaro ko KUna ko Pyaasao bana jaato hOM.saara Baa[-caara na jaanao khaÐ gauma hao jaata
hO.vaYaao-M kI saaJaI saMskRit samaaPt hao jaatI hO AaOr rh jaata hO tao isaf- Qaaima-k ]nmaad.
sana\\ 2000 maoM BaIYma saahnaI ka ek AaOr ]pnyaasa ‘naIlaU naIilamaa naIlaaofr’ saaMp`daiyak
samasyaa kao ibalkula Alaga ZMga sao poSa krata hO.70¹80 ko dSak tk yah doKa gayaa hO
ik ]pnyaasakar doSa ivaBaajana sao hI saaMp`daiyak samasyaa kao ]zanao kI kaoiSaSa krto rho hOM
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jabaik 80 ko dSak ko baad saaMp`daiyak samasyaa ibalkula Alaga $p maoM ]Barkr hmaaro sammauK
KD,I hao caukI hO.[sailae 80 ko dSak ko baad sao [sa samasyaa kao ibalkula Alaga ZMga sao
samaJanao ka p`yaasa ikyaa gayaa hO.[sako ivaSauw dosaI sva$p kao ]jaagar krnao ka p`yaasa ikyaa
gayaa hO.‘naIlaU naIilamaa naIlaaofr’ ]pnyaasa maoM yah idKanao ka p`yaasa ikyaa gayaa hO ik ihMdU
AaOr mausalamaanaaoM ko baIca Balao hI ek laMbao samaya ko baad ‘raoTI’ ka saMbaMQa bana gayaa hao laoikna
vaOvaaihk saMbaMQa sqaaipt haoM yah Aaja BaI saMBava nahIM hao payaa hO.yaid naaOjavaana pIZ,I samaaja
ko banaayao [sa inayama kao Qa<aa batakr ivavaah kr laoM tao yah Ait SaIGa` yah Qaaima-k masalaa
bana jaata hO AaOr saaMp`daiyak samasyaa ka karNa BaI.
sana\\ 1967 maoM iSavap``saad imaEa ka ]pnyaasa ‘Alaga¹Alaga vaOtrNaI’ p`kaiSat
huAa.[sa ]pnyaasa maoM laoKk nao ivaBaajana ko baad Baart maoM rhnaovaalao mausalamaanaaoM kI dud-Saa ka
ica~Na ikyaa hO.Apnao ]pnyaasa maoM laoKk nao eosao mausalamaana pa~aoM ka ica~Na ikyaa hO jaao
ivaBaajana ko baad BaI Baart maoM hI basato hOM.yahaÐ ko laaoga hI ]nako Apnao laaoga hOMÊ yah jamaIna
hI ]nakI maadr¹e¹vatna hO laoikna ivaBaajana nao ]nako hI yaar¹saaiqayaaoM ko mana maoM yah baat
Dala dI ik Aba jaba paikstana bana cauka hO tao Baart maoM iksaI mausalamaana ko ilae kao[-
jagah nahIM rh gayaI hO.[saI karNa jaba KlaIla imayaaM kI jamaIna hD,p laI jaatI hO tao
ka^nsaTobala jagaosar khta hO¹ “ ekdma mauda- hOM yao laaoga.KlaIla imayaaM ka Kot lao ilayaa tao
@yaa hao gayaa.]sa idna ABaI SaaoBaarama jaI bata rho qao ik jaaTaoM nao BaI mausalamaainayaaoM kao
pkD,¹pkD, gaZ,mau@toSvar maoM cakrI pr baOza¹baOzakr byaah kr ilayaa.kaho nahIM kao[- ihndU
baaolaa ]haM mausalamaanaaoM ko pxa maoM.tba tao saba imayaaM icallaa rho qao ik paikstana laoMgao.Aba tao
saalaaoM nao lao ilayaa paikstana.jaaAao ]haM.yahaM ka pD,o hao Baa[-.rama dO eosaa kama iksaI AaOr
[laako maoM huAa haotaÊ tao laaoga jaya¹jayakar macaa doto.magar [- gaaMva hO baIrbaavanapur.ijasao
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doKao vahI rT lagaayao hO ik baocaaro KlaIla imayaaM ko saaqa ‘Ainayaava’ hao gayaa.Aro hao gayaa
‘Ainayaava’ tao hao gayaa.tumharo maoM ihmmat hO tao raok dao.Aba saalaaoM kao kuC nahIM imalaa tao
jaaOnapur kI ]sa hrjaa[- ka maamalaa laokr badnaamaI kr rho hOM.”3 khIM na khIM yao ]d\gaar
ivaBaajana ko samaya imalao CalaaoM sao hI inaklao mavaad hOM laoikna hr ihndustanaI kao jaao ivaBaajana
ko ilae mausalamaanaaoM kao daoYaI maanata hO yah samaJanaa caaihe ik ivaBaajana ko ilae rajanaIitk
naotaAaoM nao Qama- ka sahara ilayaa.dUsarI baat yah ik ivaBaajana ko samaya kovala ihMduAaoM nao hI
Kaoyaa hOÊ yah QaarNaa BaI galat hO.daonaaoM hI Qama- ko laaogaaoM nao bahut kuC Kaoyaa hO.saaqa hI
Baart kao Agar ek sampnna raYT/ bananaa hO tao yah ja$rI hO ik BaartIya baIto hue kla ik
kD,vaI GaTnaaAaoM kao Baulaa doM.[sa ]pnyaasa ko saMbaMQa maoM Da^ vaMsaIQar khto hOM¹ “ ]pnyaasa ko
pa~ KlaIla imayaaM kI yah vaodnaa Akolao ]nakI nahIM hOÊ [samaoM svatM~ta ko prvatI- kala ka
pUra BaartIya gaàma¹pirvaoSa isasak rha hO.kqaa¹kond` krOta BaI [saI isasaknaÊ vaodnaa AaOr
krah sao gaujar rha hO ijasakI A%yaMt hI yaqaaqa-prk evaM saMvaodnaa%mak AiBavyai@t ‘Alaga¹
Alaga vaOtrNaI’ maoM hu[- hO.AMQaora tao vahaM phlao BaI qaaÊ pr svatM~ta ko baad ijasa p`kar ka
AMthIna AMQaora vahaM vyaap gayaa hOÊ ]sa trh ka kBaI nahIM qaa.AMQaoro ko saaqa vahaM AaSaaÊ
Aasqaa AaOr ]maaMgaaoM BarI raoSanaI BaI qaIÊ prMtu Aaja ka krOtaÊ jaIvana kI AsaM#ya ivakRityaaM
evaM ivadÙptaAaoM ko saaqa iGar gayaa hO.ººº”4 yah vah AMQakar hO ijasamaoM [Msaana ApnaI saarI
maanavaIyata Baulaakr hOvaana bana jaata hO laoikna Apnao ]pnyaasa ‘idllaI dUr hO’ maoM iSavap`saad
isaMh jaI Apnao ihMdu%va pòma ko karNa mausalamaanaaoM kao A%yaacaarIÊ vyaiBacaarI ko $p maoM hI poSa
krto hOM.laoKk nao [sa ]pnyaasa maoM ihMdU janata ka ica~Na A%yaMt sahanauBaUitpUva-k ikyaa hO.
sana\\ 1979 maoM kRYNaa saaobatI ka ]pnyaasa ‘ijaMdgaInaamaa’ p`kaiSat huAa.
pMjaaba kI pRYzBaUima maoM [sa ]pnyaasa maoM laoiKka nao TUTto AaOr drkto irStaoM ka tanaa¹baanaa
162
Ba-
baD,I hI maaima-kta ko saaqa poSa ikyaa hO.[sa ]pnyaasa maoM laoiKka nao 20vaIM SatabdI ko p`qama
pnd`h vaYaao-M ka laoKa¹jaaoKa p`stut ikyaa hO.yah vah samaya qaa jaba laaogaaoM kI ijaMdgaI baD,I hI
KuSahala qaIÊ saaMp`daiyak BaodBaava ka khIM naamaaoinaSaana tk na qaaÊ laaogaaoM maoM AapsaI eka qaaÊ
AapsaI sahyaaoga AaOr sad\Baava kI Baavanaa maaOjaUd qaI magar AMgaòjaaoM ko kucaËaoM ko karNa yah
sad\Baava BaI samaaPt haonao lagata hO AaOr saaMp`daiyak vaOmanasya ka ]Baar haonao lagata hO.sana\\
1993 maoM saaobatI jaI ka ]pnyaasa ‘idlaaodainaSa’ p`kaiSat huAa ijasamaoM laoiKka nao idllaI kao
kqaa ko maUla maoM rKa hO.laoiKka nao [sa ]pnyaasa maoM baD,I hI saflata ko saaqa yah idKlaayaa
hO ik mauislama saMskRit Aaja ihMdU saMskRit ko saaqa kOsao Gaula¹imala gayaI hO AaOr Aaja [sao
Alagaa panaa mauiSkla hO.laoiKka nao yah idKlaanao ka p`yaasa ikyaa hO ik Kana¹ panaÊ rhna¹
sahna yahaÐ tk ik %yaaoharaoM maoM BaI mauislama saMskRit ko k[- t%va ihMdU saMskRit maoM AaOr ihMdU
saMskRit ko k[- t%va mauislama saMskRit maoM imala gayao hO.
M [sa $p maoM saaobatI jaI nao idllaI kI maUla
saMskRit kI phcaana BaI kI hO.yah saMskRit hjaaraoM vaYaa-oM ko sahAist%va ka pirNaama qaI jaao
Aaja Apnao Aist%va ko saMkT sao hI jaUJa rhI hO @yaaoMik saMskRit hI vah mau_a hO ijasako
AaQaar pr doSa ka ivaBaajana huAa AaOr Aaja ]ga` ihndu%vavaadI Sai>yaaÐ [saI saMskRit kao mau_a
banaakr samaaja maoM ivaBaajana ko baIja baao rhI hO.
sana\\ 1975 maoM badI]jjamaaÐ ka ]pnyaasa ‘Cakao kI vaapsaI’ maoM laoKk nao ibahar
maoM basanaovaalao ]na mausalamaanaaoM ka ica~Na ikyaa hO jaao ivaBaajana ko ]prant pUvaI- paikstana calao
gayao.magar kuC idnaaoM maoM hI ]naka maaohBaMga hao gayaa @yaaoMik vahaÐ baMgaalaI mausalamaana AaOr ibaharI
mausalamaana ko baIca Baod ikyaa jaanao lagaa.[saka pirNaama yah huAa ik ibahar sao pUvaI- baMgaala
jaanaovaalao mausalamaanaaoM kao baogaainayat ka Ahsaasa haonao lagaa.ibahar sao jaanaovaalao mausalamaanaaoM kI
isqait i~SaMku kI BaaMit qaI jaao na tao pUvaI- paikstana sao jauD, pato hOM AaOr na hI ibahar sao
163
Ba-
CUTnao ka maaoh hI K%ma hao pata hO.vao vaapsa Aanao ko ilae tD,pnao lagato hOM laoikna kanaUna
]nhoM [sakI [ja,aja,t nahIM dota.[saI CTpTahT AaOr tD,pna ka AMkna ]pnyaasakar nao Apnao
]pnyaasa maoM ikyaa hO.yah ]pnyaasa Aa%makqaa%mak SaOlaI maoM ilaKa gayaa hO ijasamaoM Baart
ivaBaajana sao laokr baaMglaadoSa ko inamaa-Na tk ko samaya kao kqaa maoM rKa gayaa hO.]pnyaasakar
nao [samaoM idKanao ka p`yaasa ikyaa hO ik iksa p`kar ivaBaajana ko pUva- ihndU AaOr mausalamaana maoM
AapsaI sad\Baava qaa.jaOsao¹jaOsao ivaBaajana krIba Aata gayaa sad\Baava samaaPt haonao lagaa AaOr
nafrt Apnao pOr jamaanao lagaI.laoKk nao nayaI pirisqaityaaoM maoM mauislama¹mauislama ko baIca ko
Antiva-raoQaÊ ibaharI AaOr baMgaalaI mausalamaanaaoM ko parspirk ivaBaod Aaid samasyaaAaoM pr punaÁ
ivacaar krnao kI ja$rt kao ]zayaa hO.sana\\ 1977 maoM ramaanand saagar ka ]pnyaasa ‘AaOr
[Msaana mar gayaa’ p`kaiSat huAa ijasamaoM ]pnyaasakar nao saaMp`daiyak ivaBaIiYaka kI Aaga maoM
[Msaainayat kao dma taoD,to hue idKlaayaa hO.laoKk kI vaodnaa mau#ya $p sao [saI baat kao laokr
hO.[sa ]pnyaasa maoM laoKk nao laahaOr Sahr ka ica~Na krto hue yah idKlaayaa hO ik vahaÐ
basanaovaalao daonaao kaOmaaoM kao yah ivaSvaasa qaa ik ivaBaajana ko baad yah Sahr ]nhIM ko ihssao maoM
Aayaogaa [sailae daonaaoM Qama- ko laaoga ]sao CaoD,naa nahIM caahto.vao caahto hOM ik dUsara ]sao
CaoD,kr calaa jaae.daonaaoM hI caahto hOM ik baMTvaaro ka eolaana haonao sao phlao Apnao¹Apnao xao~
maoM sao dUsaro Qama- ko laaogaaoM kao hI K%ma kr idyaa jaae.[sa ihMsaa maoM na tao ihndU marta hO AaOr na
mausalamaanaÊ yaid kao[- marta hO tao vah [Msaana marta hO.laoKk kI icaMta [saI ivaYaya kao laokr
hO.5
jaOsaa ik phlao BaI kha gayaa hO ik Aaja,adI ko t%kala baad vao mausalamaana jaao
Baart maoM hI rh gayao ]nakI isqait BaI A%yaMt dyanaIya hao gayaI qaI.Apnao hI vatna maoM
baogaainayat ka ]nhoM iSakar haonaa pD,a.baar¹baar vatnaprstI ka sabaUt donao pr BaI ]nhoM saMdoh
164
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kI dRiYT sao doKa jaata qaa.sana\\ 1986 maoM maMjaUr ehtoSaama ka ]pnyaasa ‘saUKa bargad’
bargad’
p`kaiSat huAa ijasamaoM laoKk nao [saI manaÁ isqait ka ica~Na ikyaa hO.laoKk nao baD,I hI
kuSalatapUva-k [sao idKayaa hO ik kOsao majahba vyai@tgat evaM saamaaijak saMbaMQaaoM ko baIca
fasalao KD,o kr dota hO.laoKk nao BaartIya mausalamaanaaoM kI ]sa manaaodSaa ka baD,a hI maaima-k
ica~Na ikyaa hO jaba vao BaartIya samaaja ka ek baD,a ihssaa haonao ko baavajaUd mau#yaQaara sao kT
jaato hOM.laoKk nao [sako karNaaoM kI BaI tlaaSa Apnao ]pnyaasa maoM kI hO.ivaBaajana ko t%kala
baad yah baat p`maaiNat hao gayaI ik doSa ka ivaBaajana ek galat evaM Alaaokip`ya inaNa-ya qaa.
[sao jabarna doSavaaisayaaoM pr qaaopa gayaa qaa.svayaM Baart maoM rhnaovaalao mausalamaanaaoM nao [sao mahsaUsa
ikyaa ik ivaBaajana ka samaqa-na krnaa ]nako ilae ivanaaSakarI hI qaa.[sao vao mausalamaana BaI
mahsaUsa kr payao jaao ivaBaajana ko daOrana svaocCa sao paikstana calao gayao.ek Aaor piScamaI
paikstana maoM gayao mausalamaanaaoM kao mauhaija,r kha gayaa vahIM pUvaI- paikstana maoM gayao mausalamaanaaoM kao
ibaharI mausalamaana kha gayaa AaOr ]nako saaqa BaI BaodBaava huAa.naaisara Samaa- ka ]pnyaasa
‘ijaM
‘ijaMda
da mauhavaro’ na kovala BaartIya mausalamaanaaoM ko samaaja ka pàmaaiNak dstavaoj,a hO bailk vah
maanavaIya saMbaMQaaoM kao Qama- sao }pr doKnao kI ApIla BaI krta hO.[sa ]pnyaasa ko saMbaMQa maoM Da^
ramacand` itvaarI khto hOM¹ “ ]pnyaasa ilaKto hue laoiKka nao yah ivaSvaasa p`kT ikyaa hO ik
BaivaYya maoM Aanao vaalaI naslaoM maanavaIya pID,a AaOr kalao AnauBavaaoM sao sabak laoMgaI AaOr eosaI
rajanaIit sao haqa KIMcaoMgaIÊ jaao AiBaSaap bana idlaaoM kao kaTtIÊ jamaIna kao baaÐTtIÊ GaraoM kao
]jaaD,tIÊ baa$d ko Z,or pr baOzo [nsaana kao $hanaI taOr pr lagaatar kmajaaor banaatI jaa rhI
hO.”6
sana\\ 1986 maoM Abdula ibaismallaah ka ]pnyaasa ‘JaInaI¹JaInaI baInaI cadiryaa’
p`kaiSat huAa.[sa ]pnyaasa maoM laoKk nao banaarsa ko baunakr samaudaya ko narkIya jaIvana kao
165
Ba-
kqaa ko kond` maoM rKa hO.saaMp`daiyak ]nmaad ko daOr maoM laoKk nao Qama- kI vaastivakta pr sao
pda- ]zanao ka p`yaasa ikyaa hO.laoKk nao ]pnyaasa maoM yah idKlaanao ka p`yaasa ikyaa hO
banaarsa ka samaaja kOsao k[- prtaoM maoM ivaBaaijat hO.[saka ica~ KIMcato hue vao ilaKto hOM¹
“ ek samaaja duinayaa ka hO.ek samaaja Baart ka hO.ek samaaja ihnduAaoM ka hO.ek samaaja
mausalamaanaaoM ka hO.AaOr ek samaaja banaarsa ko jaulaahaoM ka hO.yah samaaja k[- Aqaa-oM maoM duinayaa
ko hr samaaja sao Alaga hO.[sa samaaja ko k[- KND hOM.paÐcaaoM hOMÊ caaOdhaoM hOMÊ baa[saI AaOr
baavanaaoM hO.
M Aba ek nayaI baa[saI BaI bana gayaI hO.hr KND ka Apnaa sardar hOÊ Apnaa
mahtao hO.ººº ifr yahaÐ kuC laaoga banarisayaa hOMÊ kuC laaoga ma}vaalao hOM.ma}vaalao vao laaoga hOM
jaao AajamagaZ, ijalao ko ma}naaqaBaMjana sao Aakr basa gayao hOM.pZ,o¹ilaKo laD,ko ]nhoM ‘ema gaùp’
khto hOM.javaaba maoM ]Qar ko pZ,o¹ilaKo laD,ko [nhoM ‘baI gaùp’ khto hoM. ‘ema gaùp’ AaOr ‘baI
gaùp’ maoM naaoMk¹JaaoMk calatI hI rhtI hO.ºººifr Ala[-puiryaa Alaga hO AaOr madnapuiryaa
Alaga.KND maoM sao KND.”7 [sa $p maoM ]pnyaasakar nao banaarsa ko jaulaahaoM ka A%yaMt jaIvaMt
evaM maaima-k ica~Na p`stut ikyaa hO.saaqa hI ]pnyaasakar nao imaqyaa prmpraAaoMÊ kusaMskaraoMÊ
Qaaima-k $iZ,vaaidta ko KaoKlaopna kao idKanao maoM saflata pàPt kI hO.
ihMduAaoM AaOr isa@KaoM maoM baZ,tI hu[- rMijaSa kao kond` maoM rKto hue sana\\ 1989 maoM
trsaoma gaujarala ka ]pnyaasa ‘jalata
‘jalata huAa gaulaaba’ ]pnyaasa p`kaiSat huAa.[sa ]pnyaasa maoM
laoKk nao saamaaijakÊ rajanaIitkÊ Aaiqa-k AaOr Qaaima-k dRiYTkaoNa sao saaMp`daiyakta kI
samasyaa kao prKnao kI kaoiSaSa kI hO.hrdIp AaOr maMgala ko pirvaar kI GainaYzta AaOr
kalaaMtr maoM ]nako baIca ]Barto hue vaOmansya ko maaQyama sao laoKk nao [sa samasyaa pr ivacaar
krnao kI kaoiSaSa kI hO.pMjaaba maoM ]ga`vaaidyaaoM Wara kI jaa rhI naRSaMsa h%yaaÊ AaproSana blaU
sTarÊ puilasa kI manamaanaIÊ Saasana kI Zulamaula naIit Aaid kI vajah sao ihMdU AaOr isaK proSaana
166
Ba-
tao qao hIÊ ek¹dUsaro sao vao dUr BaI haoto jaa rho qao.yauvaa pIZ,I saaMp`daiyak ivacaarQaara kI
capoT maoM baD,I jaldI Aa rhI qaI.]pnyaasa ka pa~ maMgala jaao phlao saaMp`daiyak ivacaarQaara
kao galat samaJata qaa vah Kud yah saaocanao pr ivavaSa hao jaata hO¹ “ººº caunaa tao [sa sarkar
kao ihMdU¹isaKaoM nao qaa ifr yah sarkar na haokr pMqak sarkar @yaaoM hao ga[- Æ pMqak sarkar
Apnao kao pMqak sarkar khtI hO tao naajaayaja nahIM hO.ºººmaMi~yaaoM maoM ek BaI ihMdU maM~I ka
caohra najar Aata hO tumhoM.ºººisaKaoM nao Aaja tk kBaI saaf idla sao ]ga`vaad kI inanda kI
hO Æ [tnao baoksaUr Aaor maasaUma ihMdU maaOt ko GaaT ]taro jaa rho hOMºººyaid isaK naOitk taOr pr
[sa batIro kao gaOr¹[MsaanaI samaJato hOM tao [sako ivaÉw gauÉWaraoM sao hu@manaamaa @yaaoM nahIM jaarI
ikyaa jaata.”8 maMgala ko ]prao@t ivacaaraoM maoM saaf Jalakta hO ik maMgala BaI QaIro¹QaIro
isa@KaoM ko pìt AsaihYNau haoto jaa rha hO.
1990 ko dSak ko baad ko daOr maoM BaartIya samaaja AaOr rajanaIit maoM
saaMp`daiyakta sar ]zatI najar AatI hO.[sa daOr tk BaartIya samaaja evaM rajanaIit maoM ]ga`
ihMdu%vavaadI Sai>yaaoM nao Apnaa sqaana banaa ilayaa qaa.Qama- AaOr rajanaIit ka AapsaI Kola
ApnaI Kaoh sao inaklakr baahr Aa cauka qaa.1992 maoM Baajapa evaM ivaihp ko karsaovakaoM nao
baabarI maisjad kao Z,ha idyaa ijasako pirNaamasva$p pUro Baart maoM saaMp`daiyak dMgaaoM ka daOr hI
Sau$ hao gayaa qaa.caunaava ko daOr maoM k[- rajanaIitk dlaaoM nao Kulakr baabarI maisjad ko sqaana
pr hI ramalalaa ko maMidr ka inamaa-Na krnao ka vaada ikyaa.sa<aasaIna haonao ko baad hI [na dlaaoM
nao saaMp`daiyak taMDva krnao Sau$ ikyao ijasakI pirNait gaujarat maoM BaIYaNa dMgaaoM ko $p maoM hu[-.
Qama-Ê jaaitÊ BaaYaa AaOr xao~ ko naama pr laD,nao¹laD,anao ka Kola Kulakr saamanao Aayaa.
drAsala [sa laD,a[- ko pICo maksad Apnao rajanaIitk svaaqaa-oM kI isaiw maa~ hO.sana\\ 1994 maoM
ip`yaMvad ka ]pnyaasa ‘vao vahaÐ kOd hOM’ p`kaiSat huAa ijasamaoM laoKk nao fasaIvaadI Sai>yaaoM ko
167
Ba-
Bayaavah caohraoM kao baonakaba ikyaa hO.[sa karNa gaaopala raya ApnaI pìtiËyaa doto hue khto
hOM ik saamp`daiyak saaoca AaOr fasaIvaad pr saja-naa%mak ivamaSa- kI dRiYT sao yah ]pnyaasa [sa
dSak kI ek ]plaibQa hO.9 sana\\ 1998 maoM gaItaMjaila EaI ka ]pnyaasa ‘hmaara Sahr ]sa
barsa’ p`kaiSat huAa ijasamaoM ihndU saaMp`daiyakta ka ica~Na laoiKka nao ikyaa hO.[sa ]pnyaasa
maoM laoiKka nao mazaoM AaOr Qama- ko naama pr daohna AaOr AatMk fOlaanaovaalao saMgaznaaoM ko raja,¹faSa
ikyao hOM.]pnyaasa maoM ek maz hO jaao tmaama ihMdu%vavaadI saaMp`daiyak gaitivaiQayaaoM ko ilae
ijammaovaar hO.yah Qama- ko naama pr laaogaaoM kao BaD,kata hO AaOr Qama- ko naSao maoM caUr pUra Sahr hI
saaMp`daiyak ivacaaraoM kI igarFt maoM Aa jaata hO.
Baart maoM saaMp`daiyak ivacaarQaara [tnaI AasaanaI sao Apnao pOr na jamaa patI
Agar doSa ko bauiwjaIivayaaoM nao [sako iKlaaf mauihma jaarI rKI haotI.saaMp`daiyak samasyaa pr
fra-Todar BaaYaNabaajaI krnaa Alaga baat hO AaOr vaastivak jaIvana maoM [sasao laD,naa Alaga baat
hO.Aaja BaI doSa ko pZ,¹o ilaKo laaoga ]tnao hI yaa ]sasao BaI jyaada dikyaanaUsaI prMpra AaOr
Qama- ko igarFt maoM hOM ijatnao vao phlao kBaI huAa krto qao.Aaja ka bauiwjaIvaI Gar banaanao sao
laokr ivavaah ka sqala tya krnao tk ko ilae yah doKnaa nahIM BaUlata ik vah sqala ihMdU
bahula [laaka hO yaa mauislama bahula.[sa ]pnyaasa maoM ek ivaSvaivaValaya BaI hO jaao &ana kaÊ
]dar ivacaaraoM kaÊ svasqa manauYya tOyaar krnao ka sqala hO laoikna bauiwjaIivayaaoM ka jaao $p
]Barkr [sa ]pnyaasa maoM Aayaa hO vah na kovala inaraSaajanak hO bailk yah BaI ]d\GaaoYaNaa
krta hO ik jaba tk eosaI Cd\ma bauiwjaIivata jaIivat rhogaI tba tk saaMp`daiyak samasyaa ka
kao[- samaaQaana inakla panaa mauiSkla hO.]pnyaasa maoM yah idKlaayaa gayaa hO ik kOsao ek
mauislama yauvak tnaava kI isqait maoM Akolaa pD, jaata hO AaOr kuC laaogaaoM kao CaoD, doM tao jaOsao
pUra Sahr hI ]saka duSmana bana jaata hO.
168
Ba-
sana\\ 1999 maoM Bagavaanadasa maaorvaala ka ]pnyaasa ‘kalaa phaD,’ p`kaiSat huAa
jaao doSa maoM baZ,tI hu[- saaMp`daiyakta pr gahrI saMvaodnaa ko saaqa ivacaar ikyaa hO.[sa ]pnyaasa
maoM sa<aa haisala krnao ko ilae rajanaIitk AaOr saaMp`daiyak Sai>yaaM iksa p`kar saaQaarNa
[Msaana kao gaàsa laotI hOM¸ [saka ica~Na ikyaa gayaa hO.laoKk nao hiryaaNaaÊ ]<ar p`doSaÊ
rajasqaana kI saImaa pr isqat maovaat kI pRYzBaUima pr ]pnyaasa ilaKa hO.laoKk nao [sa AMcala
maoM [slaama QamaI- maova naama kI janajaait jaao AlpsaM#yak ihMduAaoM ko saaqa Saaint AaOr sad\Baava
ko saaqa ijaMdgaI jaItI hO.[sa janajaait ko pUva-jaaoM nao baabar ko iKlaaf raNaa saaÐgaa ka saaqa
idyaa.ivaBaajana ko baad BaI vao paikstana nahIM gayao.[nako baIca Qama-Ê majahba AaOr jaait ko
naama pr kao[- BaodBaava nahIM hO AaOr pUro [laako maoM gaMgaa¹jamaunaa saMskRit p`vaaiht haotI rhtI hO.
rajanaIit ka p`vaoSa jyaaoM hI yahaÐ hao jaata hO AaOr imalaI¹jaulaI saMskRit samaaPt hao jaatI hO.
Qaaima-k jaunaUna baabarI maisjad ivaQvaMSa AaOr ]sako baad hue saaMp`daiyak dMgaaoM ka $p lao laota
hO.samaaja maoM eosao samaya maoM AatMkÊ Baya AaOr Afvaah BaI vaOmanasya ka karNa bana jaatI hO.
[sa ]pnyaasa ko saMbaMQa maoM Aalaaocak Da^ ivajaya bahadur isaMh ApnaI raya doto hue khto hOM¹
“ kqaakar nao jahaÐ ek Aaor AajaadI ko baad ko poSaovar rajanaotaAaoM ko cair~aoM kao ]QaoD,a
hOÊ vahI raYT/Iya rajanaIit ko badlao ihMduAaoM AaOr mausalamaanaaoM kI rajanaIit krnao vaalao zokodaraoM
kI iSanaa#,t BaI kI hO.[sao pZ,to hue baar¹baar [sa ehsaasa sao gaujarnaa pD,ta hO ik AajaadI
ko baad ivasqaapna AaOr plaayana ka yaqaaqa- hI sabasao baD,a yaqaaqa- nahIM hOÊ ihMduAaoM ka k+r
ihMdU AaOr mausalamaanaaoM ka k+r mausalamaana maoM badlato jaanao ka naMgaa AaOr tIKa yaqaaqa- BaI hO.
raYT/Iya jaIvana kI prMpragat saGanata AaOr ivaSvasanaIyata ko tanao¹baanao maoM ksaavaT ko badlao
jaao Jaaola Aata calaa gayaa hO AaOr ijasanao na kovala hmaaro GaraoM¹mauhllaaoM bailk hmaarI
169
Ba-
caotnaa%makÊ eka%mata kao BaI iCnna¹iBanna kr D,alaa hOÊ ]pnyaasa [sao gahrI pID,a AaOr tD,p
ko saaqa icai~t krta hO.”10
sana\\ 1999 maoM hI kqaakar kmalaoSvar ka ]pnyaasa ‘iktnao paikstana’ BaI
p`kaiSat huAa.saaMp`daiyak samasyaa kao Qyaana maoM rKkr ilaKo gayao samast ]pnyaasaaoM sao yah
]pnyaasa ibalkula Alaga ZMga maoM ilaKa gayaa ]pnyaasa hO.[sa ]pnyaasa maoM kmalaoSvar nao samaya
kao hI naayak banaa idyaa hO.[sa samaya ko drmyaana Aayao ivaiBanna Qaaima-kÊ rajanaOitkÊ
eoithasaikÊ iva&ana evaM iSaxaa jagat\ sao jauD,o laaogaaoM kao kTGaro maoM KD,a ikyaa gayaa hO.yah
Balao hI AdIba kI Adalat hao laoikna maanavata kao Sama-saar krtI AaOr janata kao baovakUf
banaanaovaalaI hr Sa#saIyat ka nakaba yahIM ]tara jaata hO.[sa ]pnyaasa ko saMbaMQa maoM Da^º
ivajaya bahadur isaMh khto hOM¹ “ [sao pZ,to hue baar¹baar hma Apnao samaya ko QaQakto savaalaaoM
sao $¹ba¹$ haoto hOM AaOr hmaarI caotnaa maoM KdbadahT AaOr ]baala Aanao lagata hO.hmaarI jaIvana
saMbaMQaI banaI banaa[- samaJa AaOr iGasao ipTo maUlya¹saMvaodna ]laT¹pulaT haokr Acakcaa ]zto hOM.
dova saByataAaoM vaalao puraNaaoM AaOr [ithasa AaQaairt rajavaMSaaoM kI jaao na[- vyaa#yaa yahaÐ p`stut
kI ga[- hOÊ vah puraNa AaOr [ithasa laoKna ko Ktrnaak p`yaaojanaaoM ka hI Kulaasaa nahIM krtIÊ
pazkaoM sao saahsaÊ saMskarmau@tta AaOr taik-kta kI maaÐga BaI krtI hO.”11 drAsala
kmalaoSvar nao na kovala saaMpìtk kala ko KtraoM sao laaogaaoM kao $¹ba¹$ krvaayaa hO bailk Aanao
vaalao KtraoM sao BaI Aagaah ikyaa hO.kmalaoSvar nao saaMp`daiyak ivacaarQaara ko pICo maaOjaUd
pUÐjaIvaadI evaM navasaamaàjyavaadI taktaoM ko caohraoM kao BaI baonakaba ikyaa hO.‘iktnao paikstana’
sao bahut phlao kmalaoSvar ka ]pnyaasa ‘laaOTo hue mausaaifr’ p`kaiSat hao cauka qaaÊ ijasaka
koMdÌya svar BaI saaMp`daiyakta ivaraoQaI hI qaa.[sa ]pnyaasa maoM kmalaoSvar nao ek bastI kao
kqaa ko koMd` maoM rKto hue ivaBaajana pUva-Ê ivaBaajana ko samaya AaOr ivaBaajana ko pScaat\ kI
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isqaityaaoM ka ica~Na ikyaa hO.saidyaaoM sao ek saaqa rhnaovaalaaoM ko baIca ivaBaajana kOsao ]pjanao
lagata hO Æ [sa isqait ka ica~Na ]pnyaasakar nao A%yaMt hI sajaIvata ko saaqa ikyaa hO.[sa
]pnyaasa maoM ]na mausalamaanaaoM ka ica~Na ikyaa gayaa hO jaao ivaBaajana ko samaya paikstana calao
gayao laoikna jald hI ]naka maaohBaMga hao gayaa AaOr vao laaOT kr ihndustana calao Aayao.[sa
]pnyaasa ko saMbaMQa maoM Da^º saUya-naarayaNa rNasauBao khto hOM¹ “ vastutÁ kmalaoSvar ka yah
]pnyaasa samasaamaiyak ivaYaya kao laokr ilaKa jaanao pr BaI maanava samaaja ko kuC SaaSvat
maUlyaaoMÊ samasyaaAaoM tqaa maanava hRdya kI saUxma p`vaRityaaoM sao sambanQa rKta hO.[saI karNa yah
]pnyaasa Aaja BaI ]tnaa hI nayaa hOÊ ijatnaa phlao qaaÊ AaOr tba tk nayaa rhogaaÊ jaba tk
ik ivasqaaiptaoM kI samasyaa ivaSva maoM rhogaIÊ jaba tk sqaaiptaoM kao ]KaD,kr saamp`daiyak AaOr
pìtgaamaI Sai>yaaÐ ]nhoM mausaaifr banaa doMgaIÊ AaOr jaba tk yao mausaaifr ApnaI bastI kao laaOTto
rhoMgao.”12
sana\\ 2006 maoM mahuAa maajaI ka ]pnyaasa ‘ maOM baaoirSaa[llaa’ p`kaiSat huAa.
baaMglaadoSa ko baaorISaala naamak [laako kao kqaa ko koMd` maoM rKkr mahuAa maajaI nao
saaMp`daiyakta kI samasyaa pr ivacaar ikyaa hO.yah ]pnyaasa paikstana inamaa-Na sao laokr
baaMglaadoSa gazna sao haoto hue baabarI maisjad ko QvaMSa tk kI yaa~a krta hO.]pnyaasa ko
Ant maoM koYTao Apnaa sabakuC Kao cauka hO laoikna ijasa BaUima ko ilae ]sanao AaOr ]sako
pirvaarvaalaaoM nao sabakuC nyaaoCavar kr idyaa qaaÊ vahIM vah baogaainayat ka iSakar hao jaata hO.
]pnyaasa ko maaQyama sao laoiKka nao [sa p`Sna pr ivacaar ikyaa hO ik @yaa Qama-Ê BaaYaaÊ jaaitÊ
vaNa- ko AaQaar pr iksaI BaI raYT/ maoM ivaBaajana sahI hO Æ ]pnyaasa sao gaujarnao ko pScaat yah
kha jaa sakta hO ik Qama-Ê BaaYaaÊ jaaitÊ vaNa- ko AaQaar pr iksaI BaI raYT/ ka ivaBaajana
galat hO.yaid Qama- ko AaQaar pr ikyaa gayaa ivaBaajana sahI haota tao paikstana sao baaMglaadoSa
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BaaYaa ko naama pr Alaga na haota AaOr BaaYaayaI AaQaar pr banao raYT/ baaMglaadoSa maoM Baart maoM hue
baabarI maisjad ko QvaMSa ko baad ihMduAaoM ko iKlaaf dMgao na haotoÊ ]nakI naRSaMsa h%yaa na haotI.
[sa tqya sao kao[- [nkar nahIM kr sakta ik baaMglaadoSa ko inamaa-Na ko samaya baMgaalaI mausalamaanaaoM
nao ijatnaI yaatnaaeM sahI qaIMÊ ]tnaI hI baMgaalaI ihMduAaoM nao BaI yaatnaa sahI qaI.baaMglaadoSa ko
inamaa-Na maoM baMgaalaI ihnduAaoM ka ]tnaa hI yaaogadana hO ijatnaa baMgaalaI mausalamaanaaoM ka.]nakI BaI
QamainayaaoM maoM rvaInd`naaqa AaOr kaja,I naja$la [slaama ko gaIt r> kI trh p`vaaiht haoto hOM.
Baart ivaBaajana AaOr paikstana ko inamaa-Na maoM kao[- eosaa fk- naja,r nahIM Aayaa.rataoM¹rat
laaoga ihndustanaI sao paikstanaI bana gayao.pUvaI- paikstana maoM maaOjaUd ihnduAaoM kI isqait tao AaOr
BaI dyanaIya qaI @yaaoMik na tao vao Apnao doSa kI Aaja,adI pr jaSna hI manaa pa rho qao AaOr na
hI [sa jaSna sao Kud kao Alaga rK pa rho qao @yaaoMik ijasa doSa kI Aaj,aadI ko ilae hjaaraoM
ihnduAaoM nao kubaa-naI dI qaI Acaanak ]nhoM yah pta calaa ik Aba [sa doSa maoM ]nako ilae kao[-
jagah nahIM rh gayaI.ek saaijaSa ko tht saBaI ihnduAaoM kao maaOt ko GaaT ]tara jaa rha qaa
ijasamaoM p`Saasana BaI ]na dMgaa[yaaoM kI sahayata kr rha qaa.ek dMgaa[- Wara pMiD,t maa^Saa[ kI
p%naI Wara pUCo jaanao pr ik ]sanao ]na laaogaaoM ka @yaa ibagaaD,a hO Æ dMgaa[- ka ]<ar spYT hO¸
“tumanao nahIM ibagaaD,a hO¸ tumharo Qama- nao ibagaaD,a hO.”13 ihndU pUvaI- paikstana maoM kuC [sa kdr
BayaBaIt qao ik ]nhoM vaoSa badlakr mausalamaanaaoM kI trh rhnaa pD,ta qaa taik kao[- Acaanak
]napr hmalaa na kr baOzo.ApnaI mah%vaakaMxaa ko ilae AyaUba Kana nao kSmaIr pr kbjaa jamaanao
ko ilae Baart pr hmalaa kr idyaa magar ]sao mauÐh kI KanaI pD,I ijasaka Kaimayaaja,a BaI
piScamaI paikstana ko ihnduAaoM kao caukanaa pD, rha qaa.[sa trh saaMp`daiyakta ka ivaYa
QaIro¹QaIro samaaja kao ApMga banaa rha qaa. saaQaarNa vyai> Qamaao-nmaad maoM kuC samaJa nahIM pa rha
qaa AaOr lagaatar jaanavar banata jaa rha qaa.
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sana\\ 2006 maoM maaohmmad Aairf nao Apnao ]pnyaasa ‘]pyaa~a’ ko saaqa ihndI
saaih%ya ko Qaratla pr dstk dI.[sa ]pnyaasa maoM baabarI maisjad ko QvaMSa ko dao idna phlao
sao laokr ]sako ek idna Aqaa-t\ kula imalaakr tIna idna kI kqaa kao AaOr GaTnaaAaoM ka
ica~Na ikyaa hO.[sa ]pnyaasa maoM maaoº Aairf nao frId AaOr ]sako pirvaar kI kqaa ko Wara
yah idKlaanao ka p`yaasa ikyaa hO ik iksa p`kar 6 idsaMbar ko phlao sao samaaja maoM jahr Gaaolaa
jaa rha qaa.vao laaoga jaao husaOnapura maoM basao hue qao karsaovakaoM ko gaganaBaodI naaraoM sao BayaBaIt hao
gayao qao.kuC laaoga Gar¹baar CaoD, kr jaanao kao ivavaSa qao.laoKk nao baD,I hI tnmayata ko saaqa
yah dSaa-nao ka p`yaasa ikyaa hO ik husaOnapura maoM basanaovaalao mausalamaana ijasa $p maoM [-d¹bakrId maoM
jaSna maanato qaoÊ ramanavamaI BaI ]saI p`kar maanato qao.ramaayaNaÊ mahaBaart ko ilae hr rivavaar
kao Gar ka kama¹kaja CaoD,kr TolaIivajana ko saamanao baOz jaato qao.vanavaasa sao laaOTnao ko baad
jaba rama AyaaoQyaa vaapsa Aayao tao husaOnapura ko mausalamaanaaoM nao BaI ‘isayaavar ramacand` kI jaya’
ka naara lagaayaa qaa.hr ramanavamaI kao frId ko baabaa laaogaaoM kao Baaojana krato qao. ]saI
husaOnapura maoM laaoga dhSat maoM qao ik khIM ]nakI maisjad BaI Ktro mao tao nahIM.maanavaIya maUlyaaoM
kao Qa@ka tba lagata hO jaba frId ko baabaa pasa ko gaaMva sao hiqayaaraoM kI madd laonao jaato
hOM.yah pirisqaitjanya ikyaa gayaa kaya- qaa laoikna idlaaoM maoM ivaBaajana tao hao hI gayaa.
sana\\ 2007 maoM vyaasa imaEa ka phlaa ]pnyaasa ‘Aigana paqar’ p`kaiSat huAa.
[sa ]pnyaasa maoM laoKk nao svaatMMÍyaao<ar Baart kI ihMdU¹mauislama samasyaa pr ivacaar ikyaa hO.
laoKk nao yah idKanao ka p`yaasa ikyaa hO ik iksa p`kar AfvaahaoM ko Wara daonaaoM samaudayaaoM ko
baIca ek¹dUsaro ko ilae GaRNaa pOda krnao kI kaoiSaSa kI jaatI hO.saaMp`daiyak dMgaaoM kI AaD,
maoM iksa p`kar AapraiQak t%va BaI hIrao bana jaato hOM.dMgaaoM ko daOrana [na AapraiQak t%vaaoM
kao BaI saamaaijak svaIkRit imala jaatI hO.vahIM vaaoT kI rajanaIit ko ca@kr maoM naotagaNa BaI
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Apnao svaaqa- saaQato [sa ]pnyaasa maoM najar Aato hOM.baabarI maisjad QvaMSa ko pScaat ijasa
p`kar ka saaMp`daiyak taMDva [sa doSa maoM huAa hO ]sapr laoKk Afsaaosa jaaihr krta huAa
najar Aata hO.kaoyalaa KdanaaoM ko xao~ kao [sa ]pnyaasa kI kqaa BaUima ko $p maoM rKa gayaa
hO.svaaQaIna Baart maoM saaMp`daiyak Sai>yaaoM kI lagaatar baZ,tI pìsaiw AaOr saamaaijak svaIkRit
pr laoKk nao gahrI icaMta vya> kI hO.
samakalaIna ]pnyaasakaraoM nao saaMp`daiyakta kI samasyaa kao iSa_t sao mahsaUsa
ikyaa hO.[na ]pnyaasakaraoM nao saaMp`daiyakta kI samasyaa pr ivacaar krto hue yah idKlaayaa
hO ik doSa maoM saaMp`daiyak samasyaa Apnao pOr jamaa na patI Agar saBaI Qamaa-oM ko AnauyaaiyayaaoM nao
AapsaI saaOhad- AaOr ivaSvaasa kao banaayao rKa haota.samakalaIna ]pnyaasakar ]saI samaaja kI
]pja hOM ijasa samaaja ka ica~Na [nhaoMnao Apnao ]pnyaasaaoM maoM ikyaa hO.[saI karNa samaaja maoM
maaOjaUd tmaama kurIityaaoMÊ AaDmbaraoMÊ imaqyaa prmpraAaoM ka ica~Na BaI ikyaa hO AaOr ]naka
maKaOla BaI ]D,ayaa hO.khIM na khIM samaaja maoM hao rho ivaBaajana nao [nako AMtsa\ kao baurI trh sao
JakJaaor idyaaÊ ijasaka pìtflana [na ko ]pnyaasa maoM doKa jaa sakta hO.bacapna ko saaqaIÊ
Gar¹baarÊ pirvaoSa AaOr ifr Acaanak ]sao CaoD,nao ka dd-Ê ]sasao ibaCD,nao kI pID,a [nako
]pnyaasaaoM maoM doKI jaa saktI hO.samaga`tÁ ivaBaajana kI pID,a ka maaima-k ica~Na samakalaIna
]pnyaasa maoM ikyaa gayaa hO.
3º 2º samakalaIna ]pnyaasa maoM saaMp`daiyak t%vaaoM kI Kaoja evaM phcaana
ihMdI saaih%ya ko samakalaIna ]pnyaasakaraoM nao ivaBaaijat samaaja ka ica~Na krnao ko saaqa¹saaqa
]na t%vaaoM kI Kaoja krnao ka BaI p`yaasa ikyaa hO jaao samaaja maoM saaMp`daiyak ivacaarQaara ka
p`saar krto hOM.yah phlao hI spYT hao cauka hO ik Qama-Ê jaaitÊ BaaYaaÊ xao~ Aaid ko AaQaar
pr samaaja maoM ivaBaajana KD,a krnao ka p`yaasa ikyaa jaata rha hO.BaartIya samaaja maoM
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svaaQaInata ko pUva- AaOr svaaQaInata ko baad [na t%vaaoM ko AaQaar pr ivaBaajana ko baIja baaoyao
gayao.samakalaIna kqaakaraoM nao yah baat iSa_t sao mahsaUsa kI hO ik AajaadI ko baad evaM
paikstana ko Aist%va maoM Aa jaanao ko baad BaI saaMp`daiyak vaOmanasya maoM kao[- kmaI nahIM AayaI.
[samaoM lagaatar baZ,ao<arI hI haotI ga[-.AMgao`jaaoM kI ‘fUT DalaaoÊ Saasana krao’ kI naIit kao doSa
ko kNa-QaaraoM nao BaI Apnaa ilayaa AaOr saaMp`daiyak vaOmanasya doKto¹doKto samaaja ko ek vaRhd
vaga- kao laIla laonao ko ilae tOyaar hao gayaa.ek Aaor mausalamaanaaoM kao ivaBaajana ko daOrana
Bayaanak ihMsaa ka iSakar haonaa pD,a vahIM dUsarI Aaor paikstana sao Aayao SarNaaiqa-yaaoM ko
sammauK BaI jaIivaka ka p`Sna qaa [sa $p maoM samaaja maoM Aaiqa-k AaQaar pr BaI saMGaYa- doKnao kao
imalaa.Aaja ko daOr maoM ]ga` ihMdu%vavaadI Sai>yaaÐ KD,I hI nahIM hu[- hOM bailk baD,o jaaoraoM sao Apnao
pOr BaI jamaa caukI hOM.[na saaMp`daiyak Sai>yaaoM sao laaoha laonaa BaI Aasaana nahIM @yaaoMik yao
punaÉ%qaanavaad ka mauKaOTa phnaakr samaaja maoM ja,hr Gaaola rho hOM.samakalaIna ]pnyaasakaraoM nao
[sa isqait kao icai~t krto hue Apnao ivacaar spYT ike hOM.
samakalaIna ]pnyaasa pr Agar ivahMgama dRiYTpat ikyaa jaaya tao yah doKa jaa
sakta hO ik ]pnyaasakaraoM nao mau#ya $p sao tIna isqaityaaoM ko maaQyama sao saaMp`daiyak samasyaa pr
ivacaar ikyaa hO.phlaI isqait ko Antga-t eosao ]pnyaasa doKo jaa sakto hOM ijanamaoM svaaQaInata
ko pUva- yah idKlaanao ka p`yaasa ikyaa gayaa hO ik kOsao BaartIya samaaja maoM samarsata ivaVmaana
qaI.khIM BaI saaMp`daiyak ivacaaraoM ka laoSa maa~ BaI na qaa.paikstana kI maaÐga rKnao ko saaqa¹
saaqa samaaja maoM saaMp`daiyak ivacaarQaara ka p`saar haonao lagaa AaOr ihndU raYT/vaadI evaM mauislama
raYT/vaaidyaaoM nao ek¹dUsaro ko iKlaaf ivaYavamana krnaa pàrmBa kr idyaa.maaOko ka fayada
AaOpinavaoiSak SaasakaoM nao BaI jamakr ]zayaa evaM saaMp`daiyak AaQaar pr ilayao gayao iksaI BaI
inaNa-ya evaM maaÐga kao svaIkar kr ilayaaÊ ]na saBaI maaÐgaaoM kao isaro sao Kairja kr idyaa ijanako
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Wara samaaja maoM samarsata ka saMcaar hao pata.AaOpinavaoiSak SaasakaoM nao jaana¹baUJakr daonaaoM
jaaityaaoM kao laD,anao ka p`yaasa ikyaa ijasamaoM ]nhoM jabardst saflata imalaI.samakalaIna
]pnyaasakaraoM nao AaOpinavaoiSak SaasakaoM ko [na kucaËaoM ka Kulakr vaNa-na ikyaa evaM samaaja maoM
maaOjaUd ivaBaajanakarI t%vaaoM sao BaartIya janata kao Avagat krayaa.
dUsarI isqait ko Antga-t ]na ]pnyaasaaoM kao rKa jaa sakta hO ijanamaoM ivaBaajana
ko ]prant Baart maoM rhnaovaalao mausalamaanaaoM ka ica~Na ikyaa gayaa hO.[na mausalamaanaaoM kI dud-Saa
AaOr ]sako ivaSlaoYaNa ko maaQyama sao laoKkaoM nao Qama-Ê prMpraÊ AMQaQaaima-ktaÊ kT\Trtavaad jaOsao
maamalaaoM pr BaI ivacaar ikyaa hO.ivaBaajana ko ]prant mausalamaanaaoM kI isqaitÊ paikstana ko
pìt ]naka maaohBaMgaÊ vaapsa ApnaI ima+IÊ ApnaI ja,maIna sao na jauD, panao ka dd-Ê ApnaaoM sao
ibaCuD,nao ka dd- Saaimala naj,ar Aata hO.tIsarI isqait maoM ]na ]pnyaasaaoM kao doK sakto hOM
ijanamaoM ]ga`¹saaMp`daiyakta ka ica~Na samakalaIna ]pnyaasakaraoM nao ikyaa hO.doSa maoM baZ,tI hu[-
saaMp`daiyak samasyaa ka ica~Na ikyaa gayaa hO ijasamaoM mau#yatÁ ihMdu%vavaadI saMgaznaaoM nao BaUimaka
Ada kI hO.saaqa hI ]na t%vaaoM kao BaI ]Baara gayaa hO jaao ApnaI gaMdI rajanaIit evaM inajaI
Aaiqa-k laaBa panao ko ilae saaMp`daiyak ivacaaraoM kao hvaa donao ka kama krto hOM.kuC ]pnyaasa
[na isqaityaaoM maoM sao iksaI ek isqait pr jaaor doto hOM tao kuC ]pnyaasa [na isqaityaaoM kao ek
saaqa icai~t krto naja,r Aato hOM.samaga`tÁ yao ]pnyaasa saaMp`daiyak t%vaaoM kI Kaoja evaM [nakI
phcaana kI idSaa maoM t%pr idKto hOM.
svaaQaInata ko daOr maoM saaMp`daiyak samasyaa p`mauK $p sao raYT/vaad kI Kaola
phnakr BaartIyaaoM ko saamanao AayaI.[sa daOr maoM Alaga raYT/ kI maaÐga mauislama laIga nao rKI AaOr
]sako pxa maoM k[- managaZ,nt dlaIlaoM dI.mauislama laIga ko kaya-k<aa-AaoM nao GaUma¹GaUmakr gaaÐvaaoMÊ
SahraoMÊ ksbaaoM maoM p`caar krnaa AarMBa ikyaa AaOr paikstana kI maaÐga pr Aama sahmait banaanao
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kI kaoiSaSa BaI kI.magar gaaÐvaaoM maoM rhnaovaalao saaQaarNa gaàmaINa kao paikstana bananao¹na bananao sao
kao[- matlaba na qaa laoikna QaIro¹QaIro ]namaoM BaI yah Baavanaa Aanao lagaI.vah gaaÐva jaao saaJaI
saMskRit ka p`tIk qaaÊ ek samaya ko baad baÐT gayaa.[sao ‘AaQaa gaaÐva’Ê
a’ ‘tmasa’Ê
‘tmasa’ ‘maOM
baaoirSaa[llaa’Ê
rSaa[llaa’ ‘kalao kaosa’Ê
a’ ‘Alaga¹Alaga vaOtrNaI’Ê
rNaI’ ‘ijaMdgaInaamaa’Ê
gaInaamaa’ ‘AaOr [Msaana mar gayaa’
Aaid ]pnyaasaaoM maoM [sao doKa jaa sakta hO.‘AaQaa gaaÐva’ ]pnyaasa ka pa~ kmmaao jaao tk- dota
hO ]sako saamanao AlaIgaZ, ko pZo,¹ilaKo naaOjavaanaaoM kI BaI baaolatI baMd hao jaatI hO.yao naaOjavaana
mauislama laIga ko naotaAaoM kao caunaava maoM vaaoT donao ko ilae khto hOM AaOr tk- doto hOM ik yaid
mauislama laIga jaIt gayaI tao Baart maoM hI paikstana banaogaa.vao mausalamaanaaoM kao samaJaato hOM ik
Agar paikstana na banaa tao ihndustana maoM rhnaovaalao Aaz kraoD, mausalamaanaaoM ko saaqa ACUtaoM
jaOsaa vyavahar ikyaa jaaegaa.tba kmmaao pUCta hO¹
“ e Ba[-Ê hmmaoM t A[saa laga rha ik Aap laaogana ka pZ, ilaKa saba baokar Bayaa.
kaho maaro ik Aap laaogana ko t [- hao naa maalauma kI BaMgaI¹camaar ACUt haoto hOM.hma
k]naaoM BaMgaI¹camaar hOM Æ A jaao ACUt hao[bao naa krIho Aaokao kao[- ACUt k[-sao banaa
dIho saahba Æ tumhI batava tnaI hmahUÐ saunao.” vah Aagao khta hO¹ “hma [- saba naa
maana sakto saahba ! ihndustana ko Aajaad haovao ko baad [- gayavaa AhIrÊ [- iCkuiryaa
yaa laKnaa camaar yaa [- hiryaa baZ,[- hmaaro duSmana kaho kao hao ja[hoMÊ yaanaI ibala
vajaho Æ huAaÐ [ho saba pZ,to hOM Aap laaoga ka” [sa pr caunaava p`caar krnao Aayaa
ek naaOjavaana khta hO¹ “[sa va@t AapkI samaJa maoM yah Balao hI na AayaoÊ laoikna
haogaa yahI.hmaarI maisjadaoM maoM gaayaoM baaÐQaI jaayaoMgaI.” [sa pr kmmaaoM tk- doto hue
khta hO¹ “e saahba jaba mausalamaana laaoga paikstana ja[-hoM t ifr maisjad maoM GaaoD,a
177
Ba-
baaÐQao caaho gaaya.ka frk piD,hoM Æ Aba ihnduAa saba AaomaoM jaako namaaja t pZ,o sao
rho.AcCI jabardstI hO hma t jaayaoMgao paikstana A ihndU Agaaoro hmarI maisjad.”14
kmmaao ko Tko sao javaaba ko sammauK naaOjavaana caup hao jaato hOM AaOr vahaÐ sao naaO¹dao gyaarh haonao maoM
hI ApnaI Balaa[- samaJato hOM.
samakalaIna ]pnyaasakaraoM nao AaOpinavaoiSak SaasakaoM ko kucaËaoM ka pda-faSa
Apnao ]pnyaasaaoM maoM krto hue yah idKlaanao ka p`yaasa ikyaa hO ik AMgaòjaaoM nao jaana¹baUJakr
ihnduAaoM AaOr mausalamaanaaoM ko baIca vaOmanasya ko baIja baaoyao.Qama- AaOr BaaYaa ko naama pr daonaaoM
kaOmaaoM kao laD,ayaa.[saka baohtrIna ]dahrNa BaIYma saahnaI ko ]pnyaasa ‘tmasa’ maoM doKa jaa
sakta hO.AMgaòja hu@marana ko [Saaro pr myaUinaisapla kmaoTI ko kairndo maurad AlaI Wara saUAr
maarkr maisjad kI saIiZ,yaaoM pr foMknao ko ilae na%qau kao majabaUr ikyaa jaata hO.[Qar hr
saubah kI BaaÐit ihnduAaoM ka dla SaaMit yaa~a ko ilae p`Baat forI lao kr inaklata hO.
maisjad kI saIiZ,yaaoM pr maro hue saUAr kao doKkr mausalamaanaaoM ka KUna KaOla ]zta hO AaOr
ifr AivaSvaasaÊ AaSaMka AaOr GaRNaa ka daOr Sau$ hao jaata hO.mausalamaana pìtSaaoQa laonao ko
ilae gaao¹h%yaa pr Aamaada hao jaato hOMÊ ibanaa yah jaanao ik AaiKr [sa kR%ya ko pICo iksaka
haqa hO.QaIro¹QaIro yah Qamaao-nmaad ka $p QaarNa kr laota hO AaOr ifr h%yaaÊ balaa%kar AaOr
AagajanaI ka vah daOr Sau$ hao jaata hO ijasasao maanavata Sama-saar hao jaatI hO.[Qar AMgaòja
hu@marana [na dMgaaoM kao raoknao ko ilae kuC BaI nahIM krto basa haqa pr haqa Qaro baOzo rhto hOM.
balavant isaMh ko ]pnyaasa ‘kalao kaosa’a’ maoM BaI AMgaòja hu@maranaaoM kao saaMp`daiyak vaOmanasya fOlaanao
ka daoYaI maanaa gayaa hO.]pnyaasa ko pa~ saUrt isaMh ko saMvaadaoM sao yah spYT hao jaata hO ik
laoKk pUÐjaIvaadI vyavasqaa kao [sako ilae daoYaI maanata hO.AMgaòja Apnao fayadaoM ko ilae
BaartIyaaoM kao laD,ato hOM.
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Ba-
kmalaoSvar ko ]pnyaasa ‘laaOTo hue mausaaifr’ maoM BaI [sao doKa jaa sakta hO.
kmalaoSvar nao bastI maoM baZ,tI hu[- saaMp`daiyak Baavanaa ko karNaaoM kI tlaaSa 1857 ko gadr ko
baad sao kI hO.yah vah samaya qaa jaba doSa maoM saaMp`daiyakta naama kI iksaI icaiD,yaa ka Ata¹
pta tk na qaa.gadr maoM ihMdU¹mauislama ekta doKkr AMgaòja Gabara cauko qao AaOr ]nhoM Apnaa
isaMhasana Daolata najar Aa rha qaa.[sailae ]nhaoMnao mauislama laIga kI sqaapnaa maoM madd kI
ijasanao yah p`caar krnaa AarMBa ikyaa ik ihndustana maoM maaOjaUd dao mau#ya Qamaao-M ko baIca kao[- BaI
samaanata nahIM Ateva [na daonaaoM kao Alaga¹Alaga raYT/ maoM baaÐT donaa caaihe.[sa saMbaMQa maoM
rjanaI pama d<a ko ivacaar doKnao yaaogya hOM¹ “ Baart kI ihMdU mausalamaana janata ko dao Alaga
Alaga laxya nahIM hao sakto AaOr na hOM.mausalamaanaaoM kI garIbaI AaOr gaulaamaI tqaa ihMduAaoM kI
garIbaI AaOr gaulaamaI Alaga Alaga caIjaoM nahIM hOM bailk vao samaUcao Baart kI garIbaI AaOr gaulaamaI
hOM.Baart ko hjaaraoM laaKaoM gaaMva maoM ihMduAaoM AaOr mausalamaanaaoM kI AabaadI ka ek baD,a ihssaa
ek jaOsaI jamaIMdarI p`qaa ko baaoJa ko naIcao ipsa rha hOÊ ek jaOsao saUdKaor mahajanaaoM kI laUT ka
iSakar hao rha hOÊ ek jaOsao saamaàjyavaad ko dmana ka iSakar hao rha hO AaOr [na daonaaoM vagaao-M
ko baIca fUT Dalanao kI kaoiSaSaoM vastutÁ SaaoYaNa kI [sa vyavasqaa kao barkrar rKnao kI
kaoiSaSaoM hOM.”15 kmalaoSvar nao mau#ya $p sao yahI idKlaanao ka p`yaasa Apnao ]pnyaasa ‘laaOTo hue
mausaaifr’ maoM ikyaa hO.vao idKlaato hOM ik ek samaya qaa jaba bastI maoM AapsaI Baa[-¹caara
huAa krta qaa laoikna ]na baistyaaoM maoM AMgaòjaaoM ko kayaa-laya jaOsao hI Kulao ik laaogaaoM maoM fUT
pD,nao lagaI.]pnyaasa maoM yaaisana jaOsao pa~aoM kI BaI saRiYT kI gayaI hO jaao laaogaaoM kao JaUzo
sabjabaaga idKakr ]nhoM hvaa[- jahaja maoM paikstana lao jaanao ko sapnao idKakr paikstana evaM
mauislama laIga ka samaqa-na krnao kao khta hO.ivaBaajana ko baad hue maaohBaMga ka ica~Na laoKk
nao baD,I hI kuSalatapUva-k ikyaa hO.
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Ba-
mausalamaanaaoM kao AattayaIÊ naRSaMsa evaM ËUr idKanao ka kucaË rcaa AaOr ihMduAaoM
kI BaavanaaAaoM kao BaD,kayaa vahIM mausalamaanaaoM kI dud-Saa ko ilae ihMduAaoM kao daoYaI krar dokr
Aapsa maoM vaOmanasya KD,a ikyaa.[sa kucaË ka ica~Na rahI maasaUma rja,a ko ]pnyaasa ‘TaopI
Sau@laa’ maoM doKnao kao imalata hO.jahaÐ ]pnyaasa ka pa~ TaopI Sau@laa raYT/Iya svayaMsaovak saMGa
ko sampk- maoM Aata hO AaOr tba ]sao yah batayaa jaata hO ik kOsao mausalamaanaaoM nao [sa doSa ka
sa%yaanaaSa ikyaa.BaD,kanaovaalao ]sasao yah BaI khto hOM ik [sa doSa ka tba tk ]war nahIM hao
sakta jaba tk [sa doSa sao mausalamaanaaoM kao KdoD, nahIM idyaa jaata AaOr TaopI ko mana maoM BaI
GaRNaa ko baIja pD, jaato hOM.dUsarI Aaor [Ffna kI BaI kmaaobaoSa yahI isqait qaI.ek Aaor
jahaÐ TaopI Sau@laa kao yah mahsaUsa haota hO ik mausalamaana haonao ko karNa vahId kxaa maoM p`qama
huAa hO vahIM [Ffna kao yah lagata hO ik mausalamaana haonao ko karNa maasTr jaI nao ]sao jaaor sao
qaPpD, maara jabaik laxmaNa kao ApoxaakRt QaImao maara gayaa @yaaoMik vah ihndU hO.
bacapna sao hI BaartIya pirvaaraoM maoM ihndU AaOr mauislama ko baIca ivaBaod kI baatoM
Bar dI jaatI hOM.[sao rahI ko ]pnyaasa ‘AaQaa gaaÐva’ maoM BaI idKayaa gayaa hO AaOr ‘TaopI
Sau@laa’ ]pnyaasa maoM BaI [sakI Jalak doKnao kao imala jaatI hO.yah pta calanao pr ik TaopI
Sau@laa kI ima~ta ek mausalamaana baalak [Ffna sao hOÊ Gar maoM jabardst marmmat TaopI Sau@laa
kI kI jaatI hO.AajaadI ko baad Baart maoM rhnaovaalao mausalamaanaaoM kao Sak kI inagaahaoM sao doKa
jaanao lagaa.yah dd- BaI rahI ko ]pnyaasaaoM maoM Kulakr ]Bara hO.vao baar¹baar [sa p`Sna pr
maMqana krto hue naja,r Aato hOM ik AaiKr mausalamaanaaoM kao Sak kI inagaahaoM sao @yaaoM doKa jaata
hO AaOr @yaaoM mausalamaana ihMdU sao D,rta hO.hr ]pnyaasakar nao Apnao ]pnyaasaaoM maoM mausalamaanaaoM
Wara paikstana kI maaÐga kao samaqa-na donao ko inaNa-ya kao eoithaisak BaUla krar idyaa.[sailae
k[- ]pnyaasakaraoM nao paikstana ko inamaa-Na ko baad vahaÐ gayao mausalamaanaaoM kI yaa tao dyanaIya
180
Ba-
dSaa ka ica~Na ikyaa hO yaa ifr yah idKanao ka p`yaasa ikyaa hO ik paikstana jaanao ko baad
]na pa~aoM ka maaohBaMga hao gayaa hO AaOr Aba vao laaOTnaa caahto hOM laoikna laaOT BaI nahIM pato.
‘Cakao kI vaapsaI’Ê
vaapsaI’ ‘laaOTo hue mausaaifr’ jaOsao ]pnyaasa [saka EaoYz ]dahrNa hOM.kuC
]pnyaasakaraoM nao tao Qaaima-k AaQaar pr banao paikstana sao BaaYaayaI AaQaar pr Alaga hue
baaMglaadoSa pr ApnaI KuSaI BaI jaaihr kr dI qaI.rahI nao Apnao ima~ Da^º kuÐvarpala isaMh kao
ilaKo ek p~ maoM maui> saMgaàma pr ApnaI KuSaI jaaihr krto hue ilaKa¹ “ doKnaa ik
paikstana ko ]dU- BaaYaI laaoga BaI Alaga raYT/ kI maaÐga krogM ao AaOr yao khogM ao ik hma paikstana
kI paÐcavaIM raYT/Iyata hOM.[ithasa sabakao sabak isaKata hO AaOr paikstana ko ]dU- BaaYaI laaoga
ijanhaoMnao raYT/Iyata AaOr Qama- ka Gaalamaola ikyaaÊ Apnao hI banaae hue ‘svaga-’ maoM AjanabaI
SarNaaiqa-yaaoM kI trh rhoMgao.”16 rahI kI ]prao@t pìtiËyaa sao yah baat spYT hO ik
paikstana kI maaÐga ko na tao vao samaqa-k qao AaOr na hI paikstana bana jaanao ko baad vao KuSa
qao.‘idla ek saada kagaja’ ]pnyaasa maoM saMskRit ko [nhIM savaalaaoM pr rahI icaMtna krto hue
naj,ar Aato hOM.
saaMp`daiyakta ka ek Aaiqa-k phlaU BaI hO.prvatI- SaaoQaaoM sao yah pta calaa
ik saaMp`daiyak ivacaarQaara kI capoT maoM baoraoja,gaar yauvak baD,I hI jaldI Aa jaato hOM.
saaMp`daiyak ivacaarQaara fOlaanaovaalao laaoga baoraoja,gaar yauvakaoM kao yah JaaMsaa doto hOM ik ]nakI [sa
duravasqaa ka karNa dUsaro laaoga hOM.svaaQaInata ko phlao mauislama laIga AaOr AaOpinavaoiSak Saasana
nao BaI eosao hI ivacaaraoM ka p`saar ikyaa.svaaQaInata ko baad BaI yah naja,ara doKnao kao imalaa
AaOr Aba ihndu%vavaadI taktoM BaI eosao hI ivacaaraoM ko maaQyama sao naaOjavaanaaoM maoM ivaYa Gaaolanao ka
kama kr rhI hOM.baar¹baar yao ihMdu%vavaadI taktoM yah p`caar kr rhI hOM ik mausalamaanaaoM kI
ivaSaala AabaadI ko karNa doSa maoM BauKmarIÊ baoraojagaarI Aaid samasyaaeM baZ, rhI hOM.doSa ko
181
Ba-
saMsaaQanaaoM ka savaa-iQak Apvyaya ]nako Wara hao rha hO.eosao ivacaaraoM nao khIM na khIM ihndU
maanasa maoM mausalamaanaaoM ko ilae GaRNaa ka saMcaar ikyaa hO.‘Tao
‘TaopI Sau@laa’Ê
laa’ ‘AaOr [Msaana mar gayaa’
jaOsao ]pnyaasaaoM maoM [sao doKa jaa sakta hO.
balavant isaMh ko ]pnyaasa ‘kalao kaosa’ maoM yah idKlaanao ka p`yaasa ikyaa gayaa
hO ik iksa p`kar doSa Bar maoM GaTI GaTnaaAaoM sao Afvaah fOlanao lagatI hO AaOr AapsaI vaOmanasya
ka baIja gaaÐva ko laaogaaoM ko baIca AÐkur laonao lagata hO.AfvaahaoM ka BaI saaMpd` aiyak ]nmaad sao
gahra irSta hO ijasaka ica~Na samakalaIna ]pnyaasakaraoM nao Apnao ]pnyaasa maoM ikyaa hO.
‘tmasa’Ê
‘tmasa’ ‘AaQaa gaaÐva’Ê
a’ ‘hmaara Sahr ]sa barsa’
barsa’Ê ‘satI maOyaa ka caaOra’ Aaid ]pnyaasaaoM maoM [sao
doKa jaa sakta hO.AfvaahaoM ko maaQyama sao saaMp`daiyak taktoM laaogaaoM ko mana maoM BayaÊ GaRNaaÊ
SaMka AaOr AivaSvaasa ka saMcaar krtI hOM AaOr laaogaaoM kao pìtSaaoQa laonao ko ilae BaI BaD,katI
hOM.hr kaya- ka hvaalaa dokr ijasamaoM mausalamaanaaoM ka Balaa hao rha haoÊ ihMduAaoM kao BaD,kayaa
jaa sakta hO AaOr [saI p`kar mausalamaanaaoM kao BaI ihMduAaoM ko iKlaaf BaD,kayaa jaa sakta hO.
‘satI maOyaa ka caaOra’ ]pnyaasa maoM [sao doKa jaa sakta hO jaba ]pnyaasa ka mausalamaana pa~ mannao
ihMdI maoM pirxaa donaa caahta hO tao ihnduAaoM AaOr mausalamaanaaoMÊ daonaaoM maoM KlabalaI maca jaatI hO.
mausalamaanaaoM kI icaMta yah hO ik Aba mannao kaifr hao jaayaogaaÊ jabaik ihMduAaoM kI icaMta yah hO
ik mannao kao ihndU laD,kI maunnaI ko iKlaaf KD,a ikyaa gayaa hO.CmaahI pirxaa maoM jaba mannao
ApnaI pìtBaa ko dma pr Avvala Aa jaata hO tao saaMp`daiyak taktoM Kulao Aama hoDmaasTr pr
hmalaa kr dotI hOM.pirNaamasva$p saalaanaa pirxaa maoM ihMdU laD,ka kOlaaSa Avvala haota hO.mannao
kI pìtBaa AaOr yaaogyata saaMp`daiyak Sai>yaaoM sao har jaatI hOM.
baaMglaadoSa ko inamaa-Na nao yah baat galat saaibat kr dI ik Qama- ko naama pr
iksaI doSa ka ivaBaajana nahIM ikyaa jaa sakta AaOr yaid eosaa inaNa-ya ilayaa jaata hO tao yah
182
Ba-
galat inaNa-ya hO.naaisara Samaa- ko ]pnyaasa ‘ijanda mauhavaro’ maoM [sao doKa jaa sakta hO.
pirvaarvaalaaoM ko ivaraoQa ko baavajaUd inajaama paikstana calaa jaata hO.ApnaI maohnat ko bala
pr vah sampnna tao bana jaata hO laoikna ifr BaI ]sako mana maoM khIM na khIM Akolaapna hO jaao
]sao kcaaoTta rhta hO.jaba vah Baart Aata hO tao pirvaarvaalao tao baD,I sahRdyata sao ]sasao
imalato hOM laoikna ]saka bacapna ka daost badla cauka hO.tba inajaama yah mahsaUsa krta hO ik
Qama- AaOr samp`daya kI rajanaIit nao laaogaaoM ko mana maoM jahr Gaaola idyaa hO.17 [sa ]pnyaasa maoM
mausalamaana yauvakaoM kI ]sa maanaisakta ka AMkna ikyaa gayaa hO ijasako karNa vao paikstana
jaanaa hI Apnaa AMitma laxya maana cauko hO.
M
rajanaIit maoM ijasa $p sao Qama- AaOr ApraQa ka Gaala¹maola huAa hO [saka
ica~Na BaI samakalaIna laoKkaoM nao Apnao ]pnyaasaaoM maoM ikyaa hO.maMjaUr ehtoSaama ko ]pnyaasa
‘saUKa bargad’ AaOr gaItaMjalaI EaI ko ]pnyaasa ‘hmaara Sahr ]sa barsa’ ]pnyaasa maoM [sao dSaa-yaa
gayaa hO.AajaadI ko baad sao hI doSa ko naotaAaoM nao AMgaòjaaoM kI fUT Dalaao AaOr Saasana krao kI
naIit ka AnausarNa ikyaa ijasa karNa saaMp`daiyak vaOmanasya GaTnao ko bajaaya baZ,ta hI gayaa.
ek Aaor kaMgaòsa paTI- hO ijasanao AajaadI ko baad sao hI AlpsaM#yakaoM kI paTI- haonao ka davaa
ikyaa AaOr hr baar [saI AaQaar pr vaaoT baTaoro.mauislama tuiYTkrNa ko tht SaahbaanaaoM ka
maamalaa iksaI sao Cupa nahIM hO.AlpsaM#yakaoM ko sauQaar kao laokr ijatnaI hI baatoM @yaaoM na kI
haoÊ laoikna vaastivakta yah hO ik AlpsaM#yakaoM ko ]war ko ilae kaMgaòsa nao kuC BaI nahIM
ikyaa.AlpsaM#yakaoM ko sauQaar ko naama pr ijana naIityaaoM kao laagaU ikyaa jaa rha hO ]nasao
saaMp`daiyak vaOmanasya GaTnao kI jagah AaOr BaI baZ,ogaa.dUsarI Aaor BaajapaÊ iSavasaonaa jaOsaI
rajanaIitk paiT-yaaM hOM jaao ihMdU Qama- ko rxak banakr KD,I hOM.[na dlaaoM nao ivaihpÊ bajarMga dla
jaOsao Qaaima-k dlaaoM ko saaqa haqa imalaa rKa hO.yao dla caunaava ko samaya ihMdU BaavanaaAaoM kao
183
Ba-
BaD,kakr vaaoT baTaorto hOM AaOr laaogaaoM maoM dhSat ka maahaOla KD,a krto hOM.doSa kI savaao-cca
Adalat maoM hlafnaamaa donao ko baavajaUd ik baabarI maisjad kao kao[- nauksaana na haogaaÊ maisjad
Z,ha dI ga[-.‘ramalalaa hma AaeMgaoÊ maMidr vahIM banaayaoMgao’ AaOr ‘bajarMga balaI kI jaO’ ko naaro
lagaakr maisjad kao taoD, D,alaa gayaa.p`doSa kI sarkar maUk dSa-k banaI rhI AaOr doKto hI
doKto pUro doSa maoM dMgao fOla gayao.gaujarat maoM BaI sana\\ 2002 maoM BaIYaNa dMgao hue AaOr punaÁ p`doSa
sarkar nao dMgaa[yaaoM kao pUrI SaOh dI.
‘saUKa bargad’ ]pnyaasa ka pa~ ‘AbbaU’ na tao paikstana ka samaqa-k hO AaOr
na paikstana bananao ko baad vahaÐ jaata hO laoikna AajaIvana AbbaU kao saaMp`daiyak Sai>yaaoM ka
saamanaa krnaa pD,ta hO.laoKk nao [sa ]pnyaasa maoM mausalamaanaaoM kI dud-Saa ko karNaaoMÊ hukUmat
Wara ]naka rajanaIitk duÉpyaaogaÊ ]nakI isqait maoM sauQaar haonao ko bajaaya ]nakI ibagaD,tI
isqait ko pICo maaOjaUd sarkarI tM~ ka BaI Kulaasaa ikyaa hO.‘hmaara Sahr ]sa barsa’ ]pnyaasa
maoM saaMp`daiyakta kI samasyaa kao ibalkula Alaga Z,Mga sao ]zayaa gayaa hO.laoiKka nao [sa
]pnyaasa maoM doSa ko tqaakiqat bauiwjaIivayaaoM kI daohrI maanaisakta kao baonakaba ikyaa hO.
Baart maoM saaMp`daiyak ivacaarQaara Apnao kdma majabaUtI sao na jamaa patI Agar doSa ko
bauiwjaIivayaaoM nao ApnaI BaUimaka ka inavaa-h inaYpxa haokr ikyaa haota.Apnao rajanaIitk
saraokaraoM evaM ]nasao haisala haonaovaalao laaBaaoM ko karNa bauiwjaIivayaaoM nao ]na dlaaoM ka yaa ]nako
Wara fOlaayao jaa rho ivacaaraoM ka ivaraoQa na ikyaa jaao saaMp`daiyakta kI samasyaa kao baZ,avaa doto
hOM.
maaoº Aairf nao Apnao ]pnyaasa ‘]pyaa~a’ maoM baabarI maisjad QvaMSa AaOr ]sako
baad ko ivaYaa> vaatavarNa ka ica~Na ikyaa hO.[sa ]pnyaasa maoM laoKk nao p`SaasanaÊ ivaiBanna
rajanaIitk dlaÊ Qaaima-k ]nmaad maoM pagala hao rho laaogaaoM kao saaMp`daiyak vaOmanasya ka ijammaodar
184
Ba-
maanaa hO.husaOnapura [laako ko [Mspo@Tr i~pazI BaI mausalamaanaaoM kao Z,aZ,sa baÐQaanao kI jagah
BayaBaIt hI krto hOM.]pnyaasa maoM saaf¹saaf k[- sqalaaoM pr t%kalaIna p`doSa sarkar evaM koMd`
sarkar kao baabarI maisjad ko QvaMSa ka ijammaodar maanaa gayaa hO.baabarI maisjad ko QvaMSa ko
ilae vahaÐ kI puilasa BaI ijammaodar kma na qaI.dUsaro Baajapa ko SaIYa- naotagaNa qaoÊ ijanaka
rvaOyaa [sa pUro p`krNa ko daOrana gaOr¹ijammaodaranaa qaa.tIsaro daoYaI vao laaoga qao ijanhaoMnao ibanaa
saaocao¹samaJao maisjad ka QvaMSa ikyaa AaOr vaYaa-oM ko saaJao [ithasa pr kailaK paot dI.laoKk
nao ]pnyaasa ko mau#ya pa~ frId ko svaPna maoM baabar kao laakr baD,o hI taik-k Z,Mga sao ramamaMidr
pr maisjad banavaanao jaOsaI baat ka KMDna ikyaa hO.eosaa hI ek p`yaasa kmalaoSvar nao ‘iktnao
paikstana’ ]pnyaasa maoM ikyaa hO jahaÐ baabar kao AdIba kI Adalat maoM baulaayaa jaata hO.[sa
$p maoM [na daonaaoM laoKkaoM ka yah p`yaasa stu%ya hO.Saayad [na laoKkaoM ko Wara ijasa taik-kta
sao [sa baat ka KMDna ikyaa gayaa ik baabar nao ramamaMidr kao tuD,vaakr maisjad ka inamaa-Na
krayaa qaaÊ vao dla jaao [saka p`caar kr samaaja maoM ivaYa Gaaola rho hOMÊ bagalao JaaMkto naja,r
AayaoMgao.
‘Aigana paqar’ ]pnyaasa maoM ]pnyaasakar nao baabarI maisjad QvaMSa ko pScaat
mausalamaanaaMo AaOr ihnduAaoM ko baIca ]pjao ivaBaod kao Apnao ]pnyaasa ka ivaYaya banaayaa hO.[sa
]pnyaasa maoM laoKk nao yah idKlaayaa hO ik iksa p`kar dMgaaoM ko daOrana AvasarvaaidyaaoM kI baaMCoM
iKla ]ztI hOM.sabasao phlao [saka fayada ]na Asaamaaijak t%vaaoM kao haota hO jaao [na dMgaaoM
kI AaD, maoM Apnao duSmanaaoM pr inaSaanaa saaQa pato hMO.[sa daOrana [na Asaamaaijak t%vaaoM kao
saamaaijak svaIkRit BaI pàPt hao jaatI hO.dUsara fayada haota hO rajanaIit ko AvasarvaaidyaaoM
kao jaao vaaoT kI rajanaIit ko Kaitr samaaja maoM ivaYavamana krto rhto hOM.tIsara fayada laonao ko
ilae samaacaar p~ tOyaar rhto hOM.janatM~ ko sajaga p`hrI haonao ka davaa krnaovaalao yao samaacaar
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Ba-
p~ KbaraoM maoM imaca-¹masaalaa lagaakr poSa krto hOM taik ]naka samaacaar p~ KUba ibako.[sa
kukR%ya ko daOrana vao yah BaI BaUla jaato hOM ik ]naka saamaaijak daiya%va @yaa hO.[sa ]pnyaasa
maoM p`Saasana AaOr puilasa kI inaYpxata pr BaI savaala KD,o ikyao gayao hOM.phlao BaI yah kha
gayaa hO ik saaMp`daiyak dMgaaoM ko daOrana puilasa evaM p`Saasana BaI ek Kasa saMp`daya ko laaogaaoM kao
pÈaya dotI hO.[na dMgaaoM ko daOrana ijana¹ijana t%vaaoM kI BaUimaka saMdohaspd hOÊ laoKk nao ]na
saBaI ko caohraoM kao baonakaba ikyaa hO.
samakalaIna laoKkaoM nao saaMp`daiyak ivacaarQaara ko p`saar ko ilae sabasao jyaada
daoYaI maQyavaga- kao maanaa hO.]ccavaga- maoM saaMp`daiyak samasyaa nahIM ko barabar hO.]ccavaga- Apnao
svaaqa- ko ilae duSmana kao BaI galao lagaanao ko ilae tOyaar rhta hO.Qama- kI na tao kao[- baMidSa
]napr laagaU kI jaa saktI hO AaOr na hI vao Qama- kI prvaah krto hOM.Agar ]nhoM iksaI caIja
kI prvaah hO tao vah hO Qana.Qanaaopaja-na ko ilae yao iksaI BaI Qama- ko vyai> ko saaqa saMbaMQa
jaaoD, sakto hMO.inamnavaga- kao BaI Qama- sao kuC laonaa¹donaa nahIM hO.]saka ekmaa~ laxya haota hO
dao va@t kI raoTI ka jaugaaD, lagaanaa.yahI ]saka phlaa AaOr AMitma Qama- hO.saaMp`daiyak
samasyaa haonao pr savaa-iQak p`Baaivat BaI yahI vaga- haota hO @yaaoMik poT kI Kaitr ]sao Gar sao
baahr inaklanaa hI pD,ta hO.eosao maoM saaMp`daiyak samasyaa ]sako ilae iksaI baD,I ivapda sao kma
nahIM haotI.maQyavaga- ApnaI KaoKlaIÊ marNaasanna evaM dikyaanaUsaI ivacaaraoM sao jauD,a huAa hO.Qama-
ko jaala maMo maQyavaga- hI savaa-iQak fÐÐsaa huAa hO.Qama- ko naama pr savaa-iQak daohna [saI vaga- ka
haota hO.
BaartIya maQyavaga- kI ivaDMbanaa yah hO ik vah iksaI baaOiwk ËaMit sao haokr
nahIM gaujaraÊ yah vaga- kovala AaOVaoigak ËaMit ko karNa pOda huAa qaa.bauiw ka ABaava
saaMp`daiyak ivacaarQaara ko p`saar ko ilae savaa-iQak AavaSyakta caIja qaI.maQyavagaI-ya
186
Ba-
pirvaaraoM kI ivaDMbanaa yah hO ik yahaÐ pZ,nao¹ilaKnao ko ilae pào%saaiht tao ikyaa jaata hO
laoikna svatn~ ivacaaraoM ko ilae kao[- sqaana nahIM haota.AaQauinak ivacaaraoM ko pìt jaOsao ek
ivari> saI maQyavagaI-ya pirvaaraoM maoM doKI jaa saktI hO.yah maQyavaga- Aaja BaI baMdiryaa ko maRt
baccao kI BaaMit $Z, prMpraAaoM kao galao sao lagaayao GaUma rha hO.ek laMbao samaya tk mauislama
samaaja maoM AaQauinak iSaxaa ko pìt itrskar ka Baava qaa.[sailae vao ipCD,to gayao AaOr ApnaI
dudSaa- ko ilae dikyaanaUsaI ivacaaraoM kao ijammaodar na maanakr ihnduAaoM kao [saka daoYaI samaJaa.
vahIM ihMdU pirvaaraoM maoM BaI isqait A%yaMt hI dyanaIya qaI.vao AaQauinak iSaxaa ko tao ihmaayatI qao
laoikna AaQauinak ivacaaraoM ko nahIM.Aaja BaI eosao ihMdU pirvaar BaartIya samaaja maoM maaOjaUd hOM
ijanako GaraoM maoM AlpsaM#yakaoM evaM ACUtaoM ko ilae Alaga Baaojana¹panaI kI vyavasqaa hO.Aaja
BaI mausalamaanaaoM ko ilae ihMdU ‘kaifr’ hOM tao ihMduAaoM ko ilae mausalamaana AivaSvaasa yaaogya hOM.
ihMdU pirvaaraoM maoM Aaja BaI yao ikMvadMityaaM p`cailat hOM ik ‘jaao Apnao sagao baap¹Baa[- ko na hue vao
dUsaraoM ko @yaa haoMgao’Ê ‘iksaI BaI jaait kI laD,kI sao ivavaah krao laoikna mausalamaana laD,kI sao
nahIM’.AapsaI vaOmanasya ko baIja pirvaaraoM sao hI baccaaoM ko mana maoM D,ala idyao jaato hOM.jaba tk
daonaaoM Qamaao-M ko laaoga eosao GaRiNat ivacaaraoM sao AanaovaalaI naslaaoM maoM ivaYa Gaaolato rhoMgao tba tk
saaMp`daiyak samasyaa ka hla nahIM inakalaa jaa sakta.
‘tmasa’Ê
‘tmasa’ ‘AaQaa gaaMva’Ê
a’ ‘TaopI Sau@laa’Ê
laa’ ‘naIlaU naIilamaa naIlaaoÔr’Ê
r’ ‘hmaara Sahr
]sa barsa’Ê
barsa’ ‘JaInaI JaInaI baInaI cadiryaa’Ê
cadiryaa’ ‘]pyaa~a’Ê
‘]pyaa~a’ ‘sau@Kma du@Kma’Ê
Kma’ ‘saUKa bargad’Ê
bargad’ ‘ijanda
mauhavaro’Ê ‘maOM baaoirSaa[llaa’ Aaid saBaI ]pnyaasaaoM maoM [saI maQyavagaI-ya maanaisakta kao saaMp`daiyak
samasyaa ko ilae ijammaodar maanaa gayaa hO.laoKkaoM nao yah pìtpaidt krnao ka p`yaasa ikyaa hO
ik jaba tk yao maQyayaugaIna ivacaar manauYya ko BaItr maaOjaUd rhoMgao tba tk saaMp`daiyak ivacaar
fOlaakr Apnaa ]llaU saIQaa krnaovaalao laaoga [naka fayada ]zato rhoMgao.ja$rI hO ik [na
187
Ba-
ivacaaraoM kao yaqaaSaIGa` %yaaga idyaa jaaya AaOr doSa kI ekta AaOr AKMDta kao AxauNNa banaayao
rKa jaaya.idnakr nao ‘saMskRit ko caar AQyaaya’ maoM Aaya- AaOr dìvaD,aoM ko baIca banao ivaBaod kI
samaaiPt ka jaao saU~ idyaaÊ jaao karNa batayaoÊ vao saU~ hI ihMdU¹mauislama samasyaa ko inadana maoM
mah%vapUNa- BaUimaka Ada kr sakto hOM.jaba Aaya- BaartvaYa- maoM Aayao tao dìvaD,aoM ko saaqa ]naka
BaI saMGaYa- huAa laoikna yah saMGaYa- QaImao¹QaImao K%ma hao gayaa.yah tba saMBava huAa jaba Aayaao-M
AaOr dìvaD,aoM ko baIca vaOvaaihk saMbaMQa sqaaipt hue.idnakr khto hOM¹ “ [saka ek karNa tao
yah hO ik ek samaaja ko sadsya hao jaanao pr laaogaaoM ko rIit¹irvaajaÊ Aapsa maoÊM ek¹dUsaro pr
p`Baava Dalao ibanaa nahIM rh sakto.dUsaroÊ Aayaao-M ka ]_oSya Anya jaaityaaoM ko sampk- sao bacanaa
nahIMÊ bailkÊ ]nako samaaja maoM Aaya-¹saMskRit ka p`caar krnaa qaa AaOr vao laaogaaoM kI ApnaI
saaMskRitk ivarasat tao ibalkula taoD,naa nahIM caahto qao.Agar Aaya- [sa imaEaNa kao raoknaa BaI
caahto taoÊ Saayad raok nahIM sakto qao.@yaaoMik SaadI¹ivavaah ko Wara jaba Aaya-otr is~yaaÐ
Aayaa-oM ko Gar Aanao lagaIMÊ tba ]nako saaqa kuC pOtRk dovata AaOr Qaaima-k irvaaja BaI Aayaa-oM ko
GaraoM maoM p`vaoSa pa gayao.[sa p`karÊ Aayaa-oM ko yahaÐ bahut¹sao eosao irvaaja Aa gayaoÊ ijanhoM Aaya-
hRdya sao psaMd nahIM krto qao.”18 samasyaa yah hO ik Aaja,adI ko saaz vaYaa-oM ko baad raoTI ka
saMbaMQa tao ihMdU¹mauislama ko baIca bana gayaa hO laoikna baoTI ka saMbaMQa nahIM bana payaa hO.jaba tk
[na masalaaoM pr daonaao samaudaya Apnaa k+r rvaOyaa nahIM CaoD,to tba tk iksaI p`kar ka samanvaya
saMBava nahIM hO.]pnyaasakar BaIYma saahnaI nao Apnao ]pnyaasa ‘naIlaU naIilamaa naIlaaofr’ maoM [saI
tqya kao ]jaagar krnao ka p`yaasa ikyaa hO.
samakalaIna ]pnyaasakaraoM nao saaMp`daiyakta kI samasyaa kao ]sakI jaD, ko saaqa
doKnao ka p`yaasa ikyaa hO.saaqa hI [na ]pnyaasakaraoM nao saaMp`daiyakta $pI vaT vaRxa kao
saIMcanao vaalao t%vaaoM sao BaI Apnao pazkaoM kao Avagat krayaa hO.[na ]pnyaasakaraoM nao maQyavagaI-ya
188
Ba-
dikyaanaUsaI ivacaaraoM pr tao p`har ikyaa hI hO saaqa hI saaqa Qama- AaOr ]sako sva$pÊ Qama- AaOr
rajanaIitÊ rajanaIit AaOr saaMp`daiyaktaÊ saaMp`daiyakta ko Aaiqa-k phlaUÊ saaMp`daiyak vaOmanasya
ko Anya karNaaoM ka BaI ]llaoK ikyaa hO.samakalaIna ]pnyaasakaraoM nao Qama- ko ]nmaad maoM pagala
cair~aoM kI hI saRiYT nahIM kI hO bailk ]nhaoMnao eosao xaNaaoM maoM kuC eosao pa~aoM ka BaI saRjana ikyaa
hO jaao Qama- AaOr ]sako dayaro kao laaMGakr maanavaIyata ko AaQaar pr saMvaodnaSaIla najar Aato
hOM.samakalaIna ]pnyaasakaraoM nao saaMp`daiyak samasyaa ko ]na phlaUAaoM kao BaI ]jaagar krnao ka
p`yaasa ikyaa hO ijanasao saaQaarNa vyai> lagaBaga baoKbar rhta hO.samakalaIna ]pnyaasakar eosao
saaMp`daiyak t%vaaoM sao Kbardar rhnao kI ihdayat doto hOM.
3º 3º samakalaIna ihMdI ]pnyaasakaraoM ko saaMp`daiyakta saMbaMQaI ivacaar
samakalaIna kqaakaraoM nao Apnao pUvavatI- kqaakar pòmacaMdÊ jaOnaond`Ê yaSapala Aaid kqaakaraoM sao
ivarasat maoM yah p`vaRi<a haisala kI hO ik jaba BaI samaaja maoM kao[- GaTnaa GaiTt haotI hO tao
kovala khainayaaoM AaOr ]pnyaasaaoM maoM hI nahIMÊ inabaMQaaoM AaOr iTPpiNayaaoM ko maaQyama sao BaI Apnao
ivacaar p`stut ikyao jaato hOM AaOr yaqaaSai> samaaja kI ivaGaTnakarI Sai>yaaoM pr p`har ikyaa
jaata hO.saaMp`daiyak samasyaa pr pòmacaMdÊ jaOnaond` Aaid kqaakaraoM nao samaya¹samaya pr inabaMQaaoM
evaM iTPpiNayaaoM ko maaQyama sao ivacaar ikyaa hO AaOr saaMp`daiyakta fOlaanaovaalao hr t%va kao AaD,o
haqaaoM ilayaa hO.yah prMpra svaatMÍyaao<ar ihMdI kqaa¹jagat ko laoKkaoM maoM BaI jaIivat rhI.yahaÐ
samakalaIna laoKkaoM Wara samaya¹samaya pr ]pnyaasaaoM ko [tr laoKaoM evaM iTPpiNayaaoM maoM
saaMp`daiyakta kI samasyaa pr ]nako ivacaaraoM ka AQyayana p`stut ikyaa jaa rha hO.
svaaQaInata ko phlao yah kha jaa rha qaa ik ivaBaajana ko baad saaMp`daiyakta
kI samasyaa ka inadana svayaM hao jaayaogaa laoikna ivaBaajana ko t%kala baad ijasa saaMp`daiyak
taMDva sao Baart evaM paikstana ko laaogaaoM ka saamanaa huAa ]sao Aaja BaI Baulaayaa nahIM jaa saka
189
Ba-
hO.Baart kao Qama-inarpoxa raYT/ GaaoiYat krnao ko pICo karNa yah qaa ik Aba saaMp`daiyakta kI
samasyaa ka Ka%maa krnaa ja$rI hO.ikntu Aajaad Baart maoM Qama- AaOr rajanaIit kI eosaI
imalaI¹Bagat sqaaipt hu[- ik BaartIya samaaja kao ek ko baad ek saaMp`daiyak samasyaaAaoM sao
jaUJanaa pD, rha hO.kBaI Qama- ko naama pr tao kBaI jaatIyata ko naama prÊ kBaI xao~Iyata ko
naama pr AaOr kBaI BaaYaa ko naama pr doSa maoM saaMp`daiyak dO%ya KD,a huAa.ijasanao saamaaijak
saamaMjasya AaOr ekta kao Qa@ka phuÐcaayaa hO.
pòmacaMd nao saaMp`daiyakta kI samasyaa pr gahra[- sao ivacaar ikyaa hO.sana\\ 1924
maoM pòmacaMd ‘jamaanaa’ pi~ka maoM ilaKto hOM¹ “ rha tbalaIga ka masalaa.[samaoM dao raya nahIM hao
saktIÊ @yaaoMik hr maj,ahba kao [saka kafI Ai#,tyaar hO baSato- ik ]_oSya saccao Aqaao-M maoM Qama-
ka saMskar AaOr isawantaoM ka p`caar hao.jaba ]samaoM kao[- rajanaIitk ]_oSya iCpa haota hO tao
vah faOrna ek isayaasaI maamalao kI saUrt Ai#,tyaar kr laota hO.duBaa-gya sao vat-maana samaya maoM
Qama- ivaSvaasaaoM ko saMskar ka saaQana nahIMÊ rajanaIitk svaaqa-¹isaiw ka saaQana banaa ilayaa gayaa
hO.]sakI hOisayat pagalapna kI¹saI hao gayaI hO ijasaka vasaUla hO ik saba kuC Apnao ilae
AaOr dUsaraoM ko ilae kuC nahIM.ijasa idna yah Aapsa kI haoD, AaOr dUsaro sao Aagao baZ, jaanao ka
K,yaala Qama- sao dUr hao jaayaogaa ]sa idna Qama-¹pirvat-na pr iksaI ko kana na KD,o haoMgao.”19
samakalaIna laoKkaoM nao Qama- AaOr rajanaIit ko gaMdo Kola pr lagaatar p`har ikyaa
hO.‘AiBavyai> ko saBaI Ktro’³maui>baaoQa´ ]zato hue samakalaIna laoKkaoM nao Apnao daiya%va
ka inava-hna pUrI [-maanadarI ko saaqa ikyaa hO.maanavatavaadI maUlyaaoM kao saMvaiwt krto hue
laoKkaoM nao hr saaMp`daiyak Sai> pr p`har krnaa jaarI rKa hO.Aaja BaI samaaja k[- prtaoM maoM
baÐTa huAa hO jabaik ivaBaajana ka kufla sabako saamanao hO laoikna [sasao kao[- saIK nahIM laI
ga[-.kqaakar ivaYNau p`Baakr kI icaMta [saI baat sao hO.Apnao ek saaxaa%kar maoM vao khto hOM¹
190
Ba-
“ saca khUMÊ tao ivaBaajana sao kao[- saIK nahI laI ga[-.tba bahut¹sao laaoga tao Baagakr AaeÊ
k[- laaogaaoM nao Apnao pD,aoisayaaoM kao hI laUT ilayaa.SarNaaqaI- haokr Aae ApnaI hI ibaradrI ko
laaogaaoM kI madd yahaM ko laaogaaoM nao nahIM kI.tao ek faMk pD, ga[-.Aba tao halat baD,o naajauk
hOM.”20 drAsala saaMp`daiyak dMgaaoM ko daOrana [Msaana [tnaa ËUr bana jaata hO ik vah yah BaI
BaUla jaata hO ik kaOna Apnaa hO AaOr kaOna prayaa.]sao Agar kuC yaad rhta hO tao vah hO
badlaa.badlao kI Baavanaa saaQaarNa manauYya maoM [sa p`kar Bar dI jaatI hO ik vahaÐ ivavaok ka
kao[- sqaana nahIM rhta.rhtI hO tao basa paSaivaktaÊ hOvaainayat AaOr pagalapna.
Aaja ko samaya kI sabasao mauiSkla samasyaa yah hO ik hr Qama- nao svayaM kao ek
dayaroÊ ek Kaoh maoM baMd saa kr ilayaa hO.iksaI BaI Qama- maoM Aaja navaIna ivacaaraoM ko ilae kao[-
sqaana nahIM.saaqa hI yah Apnao AnauyaaiyayaaoM sao BaI yahI Apoxaa rKta hO ik jaao kha gayaa hO
vahI AMitma sa%ya hOÊ ]saI laIk pr calanaa manauYya ka Qama- hO.nayao ivacaaraoM ko Aalaaok maoM Qama-
pr ivacaar krnaa Qama- kI Ava&a krnaa hO.[sa k+r ivacaarQaara ko karNa hI samaaja maoM
saaMp`daiyakta baZ, ga[- hO.Qama- kI [sa kUpmaMDUkta pr ivacaar p`kT krto hue kqaakar
kmalaoSvar khto hOM¹ “ kao[- Qama- AMitma nahIM hO.hr Qama- kao AMttÁ maanava Qama- ko saaMcao maoM
Zlanaa pD,ogaa AaOr maanava¹iht ko ilae ]sao badlanaa tqaa svayaM kao pirYkRt krnaa haogaa.
AMitma sa%ya iksaI ek Qama- yaa majahba ko pasa nahIM hO.hr Qama- yaa majahba kao pUra haonao ko
ilae dUsaro Qamaao-M sao kuC na kuC laonaa pD,ogaa.yaid eosaa nahIM haogaa tao yah duinayaa AaOr [sakI
saByata ek¹dUsaro kI pUrk na banakr ivaraoQaI hI banaI rhoMgaI Apnao¹Apnao na jaanao iktnaI
trh ko paikstanaaoM kao janma doto rhoMgaoÊ jaao manauYya kao caOna sao nahIM baOZnao doMgao.”21 hr Qama- maoM
maanavata ko klyaaNakarI t%vaaoM ka samaavaoSa hO.[sailae ja$rI hO ik hr Qama- ek¹dUsaro sao
kuC na kuC ga`hNa ja$r kro tBaI samaaja maoM samarsata ka saMcaar saMBava hO.
191
Ba-
samakalaIna kqaakaraoM maoM kmalaoSvar ‘laaOTo hue mausaaifr’ AaOr ‘iktnao

paikstana’ jaOsao ]pnyaasaaoM maoM saaMp`daiyakta kao gaMBaIr samasyaa ko $p maoM icai~t ikyaa hO.
]nako Wara saMpaidt pi~kaeM ‘saairka’
‘saairka’Ê
irka’ ‘na[-
‘na[- khainayaaM’Ê ‘kqaa¹yaa~a’ tqaa p~ ‘dOinak
jaagarNa’Ê
jaagarNa’ ‘dOinak Baaskr’ Aaid maoM ]nhaoMnao samakalaIna samaaja maoM GaTnaovaalaI GaTnaaAaoM AaOr
samasyaaAaoM pr saMpadkIya iTPpiNayaaM kI.sana\\ 1979 maoM kmalaoSvar nao iTPpNaI kI¹ “ yah
khnaa galat hO ik ek ihMdustanaI ka Qama- dUsaro ihndustanaI ko Qama- sao Alaga hO.Qama- AaOr
maja,hba nahIM laD,to¹Qama- AaOr majahbaaoM kao laD,vaayaa jaata hO AaOr yah kama hmaarI maaOjaUda
isayaasat BaI kr rhI hO AaOr ipClaI BaI krtI rhI hO.ººº maUla JagaD,a tao [sa doSa ka yahI
hO ik yah doSa hO iksaka Æ jaba tk hma khto rhoMgao ik yah doSa ‘hmaara’ hO tba tk baat
banaogaI nahIM¹hmaoM yah ivaSvaasa pOda krnaa haogaa ik yah doSa tumhara hO.”22 [tnao laMbao AMtrala
maoM BaI [sa doSa ka bahusaM#yak vaga- AlpsaM#yakaoM maoM yah ivaSvaasa pOda kr panao maoM Asafla hO
ik vao [sa doSa ko naagairk hOM AaOr [sa doSa maoM vao saurixat BaI hOM.jaba tk doSa ko
AlpsaM#yakaoM maoM yah ivaSvaasa pOda nahIM ikyaa jaata tba tk Alagaava imaT panaa mauiSkla hO.
Aaja Qama- nao manauYya ko ivavaok pr kbjaa jamaa ilayaa hO.svatM~ icaMtna ka kao[-
sqaana nahIM hO.hr vyai> jaao svatM~ icaMtna krnao kI kaoiSaSa krta hOÊ Qama- ko zokodaraoM Wara
ivaQamaI- GaaoiYat kr idyaa jaata hO.Qama- ko saamanao vyai>gat svatM~ta ka kao[- maUlya nahIM hO.
samakalaIna kqaakar rajaodM ` yaadva khto hOM¹ “ Qama- ko iKlaaf ivadàoh sao hI &ana¹iva&ana
Aist%va maoM Aata AaOr ivakasa kr pata hO.yah ivadàoh saamaaijak gaitSaIlata ka s~aot hO.
magar jahaÐ saarI gaitSaIlata Kuda AaOr pOgambar yaa [-Svar AaOr Avatar kI saovaa maoM lagaI rhI
haoÊ vahaÐ bauiw AaOr ivavaok [nako saovak banakr hI rh sakto hoM.vahaÐ svatM~ icaMtna yaa
baoilahaja, savaalaIkrNa ³@vaOScainaMga´ kI AiQak gauMjaa[Sa nahIM hOÊ jahaÐ saBaI kuC phlao sao
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Ba-
tya hO AaOr saaro fOsalao dUsarI duinayaa maoM ilayao jaa cauko hOM yaa ilae jaanao haoM tao vyai>gat phla
kI gauMjaa[Sa khaÐ hO Æ”23 fasaIvaadI Sai>yaaoM ka vaca-sva jaOsao¹jaOsao kayama haonao lagaa vaOsao¹vaOsao
vyai> kI svatM~ta ka hnana haonao lagaa hO.[tnaa hI nahIM AiBavyai> kI svatM~ta BaI baaiQat
kI jaanao lagaI hO.iksaI kao svatM~ haokr ivacaar krnao ka hk nahIM rh gayaa hO.
ApnaI [saI kUp maMDUkta ko karNa Qama- ivakasa nahIM kr pa rha hO.maanavata ko
ilae ]cca laxaNa evaM ]cca AadSaao-M kI sqaapnaa hr Qama- maoM kI ga[-.dUsaro SabdaoM maoM khoM tao hr
Qama- maoM maanavatavaad kao hI p`mauKta dI ga[- laoikna Aaja hr Qama- ApnaI maUla caotnaaÊ maUla
iSaxaa sao plaT cauka hO.maanavata kao Sama-saar krnaovaalao tmaama t%va Qama- ko AMga bana cauko hOM.
ek manauYya ko BaItr dUsaro manauYya ko pìt GaRNaa ko BaavaaoM ka saMcaar krnao maoM Qama- kI BaUimaka
p`Qaana rhI hO.ek Aaor Qama- nao Apnao p`caar¹p`saar ko ilae AaQauinak maaQyamaaoM ka [stomaala
ikyaa hO vahIM vaOcaairk $p sao Aaja BaI maQyayauga maoM hI Qama- banaa huAa hO.Qama- kI [sa
AsaMtuilat isqait pr ivacaar krto hue rajaond` yaadva khto hOM¹ “ Qama- ka WMW yah hO ik vah
AaQauinaktma caIjaaoM ka [stomaala krnao ko ilae majabaUr hOÊ magar ivacaaraoM maoM vahI DoZ,¹dao hjaar
saala pICo ko maQyayaugaIna saamaMtIkala maoM banao rhnaa caahta hO¹BaIYaNa Asaurxaa ka tnaava AaOr
ApraQa¹baaoQa ka dbaava ]sao }pr sao puranao kvaca¹kuMDla icapkae rKnao kao majabaUr krta
hOÊ vah iGaro hue kmajaaor ku<ao kI trh jyaada¹sao¹jyaada AaËamak haonao ko ilae AiBaSaPt
hO¹ApnaI Qama-¹gaufaAaoM maoM AiQak sao AiQak pICo hTto hueººº”24
BaartIya samaaja maoM saaMp`daiyak ivacaarQaara Apnao pOr jamaa na patI Agar iSaxaa
ko maaQyamaaoM maoM gaOrijammaodaranaa ZMga sao [ithasa na pZ,ayaa jaata.ijasa AaOpinavaoiSak kala ko
[ithasa kao Aaja BaI pZ,ayaa jaata hO ]sasao saamaaijak samarsata tao nahIM laayaI jaa saktI
laoikna ivaBaajana ja$r laayaa jaa sakta hO.samakalaIna kqaakaraoM kI dRiYT yahaÐ BaI pD,tI
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Ba-
hO.kqaakar evaM saamaaijak kaya-k<aa- rmaiNaka gauPta ApnaI icaMta jaaihr krto hue khtI
hOM¹ “ iSaxaa maoM saaMp`daiyak GausapOz Sau$ kr dI ga[- hO tao [ithasa kao BaI taoD,a¹maraoD,a jaanao
lagaa hO ijasasao rhI¹sahI ekta BaI K%ma kr kovala Qama- ko Saasana ka rasta saaf hao
jaaegaa.ijanhoM yah saba maMjaUr na hao vao yah doSa CaoD,kr calao jaaeM.doSa CaoD,nao kI ]mmaId
krnaa na tao Aasaana hOÊ na hI saMBava.eosaa krnao ka p`yaasa doSa kao ivaBaaijat hI krogaa¹
jaaoD,ogaa nahIM.”25 Aaja saByata ko ijasa daOr maoM hma KD,o hOM inaiScat $p sao hma yah kh
sakto hOM ik yaid samaya rhto hmanao ApnaI galaityaaoM sao nahIM saIKa tao doSa k[- TukD,aoM maoM baÐT
jaayaogaa.AaOpinavaoiSak Saasana nao jaao [ithasa BaartIyaaoM kao gaZ,kr idyaa ]sao Aaja BaI
svaaQaIna Baart ko [ithasakar badstUr duhra rho hOM ijasapr rajaond` yaadva BaI Apnaa xaaoBa
p`kT krto hue khto hOM¹ “ saMskRit ko naama pr BaI hmanao jaao kuC ilayaa vah BaI piScamaI qaa
AaOr saamaàjyavaadI ]pinavaoSakta-AaoM nao idyaa qaa.”26 ihndustainayaaoM nao ApnaI baovakUifyaaoM ka
p`dSa-na kr AaOpinavaoiSak SaasakaoM ko kucaË kao safla haonao maoM AaOr BaI sahayata kI.
drAsala Qaaima-kta kI daOD, maoM Aaja [Msaana AMQaa hao gayaa hO.Apnaa kama¹
kaja CaoD,kr saMtaoM¹maha%maaAaoM ko BajanaaoM pr JaUmato kraoD,ao Ba>gaNa [sako jaIvaMt ]dahrNa
hO.BaartIya saMskRit kma-¹p`Qaana rhI hO laoikna [sao Baulaakr Aaja saBaI Qama- ko naama pr
madmast naja,r Aato hOM.Qama- ko tqaakiqat saMrxak yahI caahto BaI hOM.kmalaoSvar khto hOM¹
“ saaMp`daiyakta ka maUla s~aot Qama- maoM nahIMÊ AMQaQaaima-kta ko bahukaoNaIya svaaqaao-M kI kaoK maoM
maaOjaUd hO.iksaI BaI saMp`daya ko bahuAayaamaI svaaqa- jaba Qama- kI AMQaI vyaa#yaa krko saMgaizt
haoto hOM yaa khoM ik Qama- ko naama pr saMgaizt haonao maoM ]nhoM %vairt AaOr ta%kailak saflata
imalatI hOÊ kao[- BaI BaartIya naagairk vyai@t ko $p maoM AaMiSak saaMp`daiyak hao sakta hOÊ pr
jaba ]saka vah AMSa¹AMSa saMgaizt haota hO tba vah dO%yaakar $p QaarNa krta hOÊ [sailae
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Ba-
saaMp`daiyakta vyai@tyaaoM maoM kma imalatI hOÊ pr ]nhIM vyai@tyaaoM ka samaUh saaMp`daiyakta ko
badsaUrt AaOr ]ga` caohro maoM badla jaata hO.”27 drAsala BaID, ka Apnaa hI tM~ haota hO
ijasapr kao[- kanaUnaÊ kao[- inayama nahIM calata.BaID, ko baIca dbbaU [Msaana BaI idlaor bana jaata
hO.BaID, ka hI ihssaa vao laaoga haoto hOM ijanaka Qama- kI rxaaÊ saurxaa sao kao[- laonaa¹donaa nahIM hO
bailk vao [sa BaID, ka ihssaa banakr dMgaaoM ko daOrana Apnao iht saaQato hOM.
iksaI BaI Qama- maoM manauYya kao yah CUT nahIM ik vayask hao jaanao ko baad vah yah
caunaava kr sako ik vah iksa Qama- kao Apnaayaogaa AaOr iksakao nahIM.Agar eosaa haota tao
Saayad pUro saMsaar maoM naaistkaoM kI saM#yaa sabasao jyaada haotI.[saka karNa yah hO ik hr Qama-
Aaja manauYya kao manauYya ko iKlaaf laD,naa isaKa rha hO.manauYya haonao ko naato hr manauYya ka
yah fja- banata hO ik vah dUsaro manauYya ka Aadr kro AaOr yah hr Qama- ko maUla maoM maaOjaUd BaI
hO laoikna hr ]sa kaya- kao ijasako Wara Qama- ka iht saQata hao jaayaja, krar idyaa jaata hO.
caaho vah iksaI kI h%yaa hI @yaaoM na hao.Qama- kukR%yaaoM ko maamalao maoM lacaIlaa BaI bana jaata hO
baSato- ik kdacaarI ]sa Qama- ka AnauyaayaI hao.Qama- ko rKvaalaaoM nao Qama- ko maUla sva$p ko saaqa
manamaanao ZMga sao Apnao iht saaQao hOM.dao Qamaa-valambaIyaaoM kao Aapsa maoM laD,anao ka sabasao jyaada
fayada ]nhoM hI imalata hO.[sailae kmalaoSvar khto hOM¹ “ºººihMdU¹mausalamaana¹[-saa[- ko [sa
Baod maoM ]nako Qama-gauÉÊ maullaa AaOr padrI bahut haqa baMTato hOMÊ @yaaoMik jaba ek mausalamaana pOda
haota hOÊ tao maullaajaI kao ek ‘Aadma’ AaOr imalata hOÊ [-saa[- pOda haota hO tao padrI saahba
kao ek ‘iËiScayana’ AaOr imala jaata hO.Qama- ko karKanao Apnao ]%padna kao GaTnao nahIM donaa
caahtoÊ vao Apnao ]%padna kao ibanaa iksaI laa[saoMsa ko badstUr jaarI rKto hOM.Agar kuC hOMÊ
tao ]nako pasa isaf- Kuda[- yaa [-SvarIya laa[saoMsa hOMÊ ijanakI imayaad [saI sadI maoM samaaPt hao
jaanaI caaihe qaI.ºººbahrhala ikssaa¹kaotah yah ik doSa kI AabaadI bahut tojaI sao baZ,tI
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Ba-
jaa rhI hO¹yaanaI garIbaaoM kI garIbaI baZ,tI jaa rhI hO ! AaOr [sa Aaiqa-k garIbaI sao ko saaqa
vaOcaairk garIbaI BaI baZ,tI jaa rhI hO.hmaaro ivacaar ihMdU AaOr mausalamaana haoto jaa rho hOM.”28
ek Aaor mausalamaanaaoM kI lagaatar baZ,tI AabaadI sao ihMduAaoM maoM Baya ka maahaOla vyaaPt hO vahIM
mausalamaana AlpsaM#yak haonao ko Baya ko karNa ApnaI AabaadI baZ,anao maoM lagaa huAa hO.baIca¹
baIca maoM eosao ftvao BaI Qama- ko kzmaullao do doto hOM ijanako Anausaar pirvaar inayaaojana saMbaMQaI
]paya [-Svar yaa Allaah kI taOhIna hO.eosao ftvao A%yaMt hasyaaspd hOM @yaaoMik pirvaar
inayaaojana hr dMp<aI Apnao Aaiqa-k saMsaaQanaaoM ko Anausaar krtI hO [samaoM Allaah kI taOhIna ka
masalaa kOsao KD,a hao jaata hO yah samaJa ko pro hO.
drAsala yaid iksaI pirvaar maoM kma baccao haoMgao tao baccao pZ,¹ilaK payaoMgao.hr
vastu kaoÊ ivacaar kao taik-kta ko AaQaar pr doKoMgaoÊ ijasasao Qama- ka Aist%va sabasao phlao
Ktro maoM pD,ogaa.k[- eosao pirvaar maQyavaga- maoM maaOjaUd hOM ijanamaoM pirvaar ko yauvaaAaoM nao Anya Qama-
sao Apnaa jaIvanasaaqaI caunaa hO.eosao maoM pirvaarvaalaaoM ka yahI saaocanaa hO ik baccaaoM kao jyaada
pZ,anaa hI Saayad ]nakI galatI qaI.ek Aaor jaIvanasaaqaI ka caunaava jaao inatant vaOyai@tk
masalaa hO @yaaoMik Apnao jaIvanasaaqaI ko saaqa AMttÁ ]sao hI jaIvana vyatIt krnaa hO AaOr
ijasako saaqa pZ,nao¹ilaKnao ka kao[- saMbaMQa nahIM hO.saMbaMQa hO ivavaok ka.hr vah vyai> jaao
manauYya kao sabasao phlao AaOr sabasao AMt maoM manauYya samaJaogaaÊ ]sako ilae na kao[- ihMdU hO na kao[-
mausalamaanaÊ na isaK na [-saa[-.[sailae yah ja$rI nahIM ik ivavaok pZ,o¹ilaKo vyai> ko pasa hI
hao.AnapZ, vyai> ko paasa BaI yah ivavaok hao sakta hO.pZ,o¹ilaKo naaOjavaana BaI saaMp`daiyak
ivacaarQaara sao ga`st hao sakto hOM AaOr AnapZ, vyai> maoM BaI [Msaana kao [Msaana kI trh doKnao ko
gauNa maaOjaUd hao sakto hOM.Aaja AatMkvaadI gaitivaiQayaaoM maoM Da^@TrÊ [MjaIinayarÊ pàofosar Aaid
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Ba-
pZ,o¹ilaKo laaogaaoM ka haonaa [saka sabasao baD,a p`maaNa hO.[sailae baD,a pirvaar Qama- ko
JaMDabardaraoM ko ilae Apnao ivacaaraoM ka p`saar krnao ko ilae sabasao ]pjaa} sqaana hO.
Baart ko mausalamaanaaoM kI isqait ek AjaIba WMW sao gaujar rhI hO.ek Aaor
]nako [baadt ko tIqa- sqala doSa ko baahr hOM AaOr hr masalao ko samaaQaana ko ilae ]nhoM vahIM
Apnaa ÉK, krnaa pD,ta hO vahIM ]nakI yah pirisqait ]nakI raYT/Bai> kao saMdoh ko Gaoro maoM
lao AatI hO.[saI karNa k[- baar ]nhoM ihMsaa ka iSakar BaI haonaa pD,a hO.mausalamaana ApnaI
raYT/Iyata kao [slaamaI AMtra-YT/Iyata ko saaqa jaaoD,kr doKta hO.kqaakar rajaond` yaadva
khto hOM¹“ [sa saaro AMtra-YT/Iya pirpòxya maoM BaartIya mausalamaanaaoM ko ilae Saayad yah
‘iryalaa[jao,Sana’ ³Aa%mabaaoQa´ ka vah inaNaa-yak xaNa hOÊ jaba vao ApnaI ‘laa^yalTI’ [slaamaI
AMtra-YT/Iyata pr na laTkakr BaartIya [slaama pr hI laaOToM.Aaja kI isqait maoM na kao[-
dUsara iksaI ko AMd$naI maamalaaoM maoM dKla do sakta hOÊ na isaf- Qama- ko AaQaar pr faOjaI
hmalao kr sakta hO.sabakao ApnaI samasyaaeÐ Apnao¹Apnao str pr hI saulaJaanaI haotI hOM.ººº
duinayaa¹Bar ko ftvaaoM AaOr dhaD,aoM ko baavajaUd vao salamaana rSdI kI ‘SaOtanaI AayataoM’ kao saBaI
mauislama yaa Baart kao CaoD,kr dUsaro gaOr¹mauislama doSaaoM maoM pìtbaMiQat nahIM kra paeººº”29
Aaja ÍaMsa maoM bauka- phnanao pr raok lagaa dI ga[- hO ijasapr caahkr BaI baahr ka kao[- raYT/
kuC baaola nahIM payaogaa @yaaoMik yah ÍaMsa ka AMQa$naI masalaa hO.Baart ko BaI hr vyai> kao
yah samaJa laonaa caaihe ik “ majahba Aaja na Aqa-Saas~ sao baD,a hOÊ na BaaOgaaoilak saImaaAaoM sao
AaOr na ApnaI¹ApnaI raYT/Iyata saoºººyah doSa AaOr yahI raYT/ ]nakI inayait hOººº[sailae
dor¹savaor ]nhoM Apnao Qaaima-k AaOr saamaaijak rvaOyaaoM kao raYT/Iyata ko saMdBa- maoM badlanaa hI
haogaaººº”30 [sa dayaro ko AMtga-t ihMdU BaI Aato hOM AaOr mausalamaana BaI.mausalamaana [sailae ik
ek laMbao samaya sao ]nakI raYT/Bai> saMdoh ko dayaro mao rhI hO.AajaadI sao phlao jaba
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Ba-
paikstana ka ]nhaoMnao samaqa-na ikyaa tba sao laokr Aba tk.ihMdU [sa dayaro maoM [sailae Aato
hOM @yaaoMik AajaadI ko daOr sao laokr Abatk vao yah maanato hOM ik yah Baart raYT/ isaf- ]naka
hO AaOr iksaI ka nahIM.
samakalaIna ]pnyaasakaraoM maoM BaIYma saahnaI nao samaya¹samaya pr saaMp`daiyak
ivacaarQaara pr hmalaa ikyaa hO.saaMp`daiyak ivacaarQaara ko lagaatar p`saar ko p`mauK karNa pr
ivacaar krto hue ]naka yah maananaa hO ik svaaQaInata ko baad saaMp`daiyakta maoM [jaaf,a huAa hO
ijasaka p`m,auK karNa Qama- ka rajanaIit maoM duÉpyaaoga haonao lagaa hO.vao khto hOM¹ “ AajaadI ko
baad hmaaro doSa maoM Qama- AaOr rajanaIit kao dRZ,ta sao Alaga krnaa inataMt AavaSyak qaaÊ yah
nahIM ikyaa gayaaÊ bailk Qama- ko AaQaar pr caunaavaaoM ko ilaeÊ vaaoT baTaornao ko ilae haoD, cala
pD,IÊ [sasao BaodBaava baZ,aÊ saamp`daiyakta kao bala imalaa.iSaxaa ko xao~ maoM saamp`daiyakta kao
bala donaovaalaI iSaxaa ka baihYkar nahIM ikyaa gayaa.”31 Baart ko saMivaQaana maoM Balao hI Baart
kao ek Qama-inarpoxa raYT/ GaaoiYat ikyaa gayaa hao laoikna vaastivakta hO ik Aaja BaI doSa maoM
ilayao jaanao vaalao inaNa-ya Qama-inarpoxa nahIM hOM.[sa karNa lagaatar ek samaudaya svayaM kao vaMicat
mahsaUsa kr rha hO vahIM dUsara samaudaya yah maanata hO ik ]sako ihssao ko saMsaaQanaaoM kao CInakr
dUsaraoM maoM baaÐTa jaa rha hO.Aaja rajanaIit Qama- ka duÉpyaaoga kr rhI hOÊ ijasa duScaË kao
BaIYma saahnaI [sa p`kar ]jaagar krto hOM¹ “ jahaÐ pr hma Apnao Qama- kao rajanaIit ka AMga
banaa laoto hOMÊ vahIM pr hma saamp`daiyakta ko vaastivakÊ Bayaavah $p kao p`stut krnao lagato
hOM.rajanaIit ka mau#ya laxaya sa<aa ga`hNa krnaa bana gayaa hO.jaba sa<aa ga`hNa kr panao kI
haoD, maoM hma Qama- kI AaD, laoto hOMÊ tba hma ek Aaor Qama- ko vaastivak sva$p kao ivakRt kr
doto hOMÊ dUsarI Aaor ]na t%vaaoM kao pàqaimakta donao lagato hOM jaao ek jaait kao dUsarI jaait sao
Alaga krto hOMÊ jaOsao pUjaa¹paz kI ivaiQayaaoMÊ Qamaa-caarÊ va`t¹ ]pvaasaÊ Aaid¹Aaid.[sa trh
198
Ba-
jaba hma ApnaI jaait kI Alaga phcaana banaanaa caahto hOMÊ tba ek vyai@t [Msaana na rhkrÊ
ek ihMdUÊ ek mausalamaanaÊ ek isaK Aaid maoM badla jaata hO.sa<aa kI haoD, [sa jaatIyata kI
Baavanaa kao ]ga` AaOr AaËamak banaatI hO.tbaÊ Qama- ko naama pr hmaaro saBaI kukma-¹ihMsaaÊ
baba-rtaÊ GaRNaaÊ WoYa saBaI yaqaaoicat zhrae jaanao lagato hO.[sa trh saamp`daiyakta ka
ivakrala $p saamanao Aanao lagata hO.”32 saaMp`daiyak ihMsaa ko daOrana samaaja ko vao laaoga ijanhoM
samaaja ihkart kI naja,r sao doKta hO ]nhoM BaI ek p`kar sao samaaja maoM svaIkRit imala jaatI
hOÊ vao sammaana ko yaaogya bana jaato hOM.
svaatMÍyaao<ar Baart maoM saaMp`daiyak ivacaarQaara ko pnapnao AaOr ]sako ivastar maoM
bauiwjaIivayaaoM kI BaUimaka BaI saMidgQa rhI hO.bauiwjaIivayaaoM nao ApnaI BaUimaka ka inava-hna sahI
ZMga sao nahIM ikyaa.sarkarI laaBa baTaornao ko ilae evaM rajanaIitk paTI-yaaoM ko pìt ApnaI
pìtbawta inaBaanao ko Ëma maoM maanavaIya maUlyaaoM kao bauiwjaIivayaaoM nao itlaaMjaila do dI.jaoºpIº
AaMdaolana ko baad sao Abatk kao[- baD,a AaMdaolana nahIM huAa jabaik lagaatar doSa jaja-rta kI
Aaor baZ, rha hO.yahaÐ tk ik bauiwjaIivayaaoM ka ivaSvaasa Qama-inarpoxata AaOr laaoktaMi~k
maUlyaaoM sao D,gamagaa gayaa hO vao BaI saaMp`daiyak ivacaaraoM sao gaìsat haonao lagao hOM.svaatMÍyaao<ar Baart
maoM bauiwjaIivayaaoM kI isqait pr Afsaaosa jaaihr krto hue BaIYma saahnaI khto hOM¹ “ yah baD,I
duBaa-gyapUNa- isqait hOÊ pr [saka daoYaI maOM ]na bauiwjaIivayaaoM kao nahIM zhrata ijanaka ivaSvaasa
Qama-inarpoxata pr sao Dgamagaa gayaa hOÊ varna\ ]na t%vaaoM kao BaI ijanhaoMnao doSa maoM sao@yaulairj,ma kao
majabaUt bananao ko bajaayaÊ ]<arao<ar kamaj,aaor banaayaa hOÊ yahaÐ tk ik KaoKlaa kr idyaa hO.
Qaaima-k saMskar hma sabakao janmaGau+I maoM imalato hOMÊ AaOr khIM¹khIM pr
jaatIyata ko saMskar BaI Qama- sao jauD,kr imalato hOM.ihMdU pirvaaraoM maoM A@sar yah maanyata baccaaoM
kao saMskar $p maoM imalatI rhI hO ik mausalamaana Alaga kaOma hOÊ vao ËUr AaOr baba-r hOMÊ gaMdo hOMÊ
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Ba-
maaMsaaharI hOMÊ AsaBya hOMÊ Aaid¹Aaid.mausalamaana pirvaaraoM maoM kha jaata hO ik ihMdU kaifr hOÊ
caalaak hOÊ pOsao ko pIr hOMÊ Drpaok hOM ik ]naka etbaar nahIM ikyaa jaa sakta.”33 drAsala
bauiwjaIivayaaoM kI yah halat ]nako maQyavagaI-ya saMskaraoM ko karNa hO jaao ]sako AMdr bacapna sao
hI kUT¹kUT kr Bar idyaa gayaa hO.
ek laMbao samaya sao doSa Aaiqa-k proSaainayaaoM sao jaUJa rha hO.saaMp`daiyak Sai>yaaM
baoraoja,gaar yauvaavaga- ko baIca Apnao ivacaaraoM kao AasaanaI sao p`saairt krnao maoM safla rhI hOÊ jaao
yah ivaSvaasa idlaanao maoM safla rhI hOM ik ]nakI [sa duravasqaa ka karNa dUsaro Qama- ka vyai>
hO.doSa ko naotaÊ doSa kao Aaiqa-k $p sao Aa%mainaBa-r banaanaoÊ raojagaar ko nayao Avasar banaanao ko
sqaana pr saaMp`daiyak vaOmanasya kao AaOr hvaa dI taik [sakI jaD, tk na phuÐcakr laaoga
Aapsa maoM laD,to rhoM AaOr [na naotaAaoM kI sa<aa kayama rho.BaIYma saahnaI khto hOM¹ “ doSa ka
duBaa-gya hO ik ijana naotaAaoM AaOr rajanaIitkaoM kao [sa samayaÊ saba kuC BaUlakrÊ doSa kI
Aaiqa-k samasyaaAaoM sao jaUJanaa caaiheÊ vahI saaMp`daiyakta kao hvaa do rho hOM.kuC [sailae ik
[sasao ]nakI rajanaIitk isqait baohtr haotI hO.saaMp`daiyakta kao baZ,avaa do kr vao iksaI idna
sa<aa$Z, hao sakto hOM yaa AagaamaI caunaavaaoM maoM ApnaI isqait kao majabaUt banaa sakto hOM.hmaaro
AiQasaM#ya naota yaa tao paTI-baaja,I maoM ]laJao hue hOMÊ yaa Qama- AaOr jaait ka tuÉp ka p<aa
Kaolakr sa<aa kI baajaI jaItnao maoM lagao hue hOM.[sako pICo na kao[- Qama-saovaa ka Baava hOÊ na hI
jaaitsaovaa kaÊ AaOr na hI maanavata ko pìt kao[- sad\Baava hO.yah kaorI rajanaIit hOÊ ijasako
pICo raYT/iht kI dRiYT sao baD,I xaud` BaavanaaeÐ kama kr rhI hOM.”34
samakalaIna ihMdI kqaasaaih%ya maoM rahI maasaUma rja,a ek eosaa vyai>%va hMO ijanhaoMnao
Apnaa saara laoKna¹kma- hI saaMp`daiyakta ko ivaraoQa maoM rKa hO.rajanaIit Qama- ka kOsao
[stomaala krtI hO [sapr rahI nao baD,I hI saundr baat khI hO¹ “ hr Qama- kBaI na kBaI manauYya
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kao rasta idKanao Aayaa qaa.prntu Aaja hr Qama- Apnao maananaovaalaaoM kao kuC laaogaaoM ko fayado
ko ilae rah sao BaTkanao ka kama kr rha hO.laaoga vaaoTaoM ko drbao pr Qama- ka talaa lagaanaa
caahto hOM ik basa caunaava ko idna vaaoTr drbao sao inakla jaayaoMÊ vaaoT doM AaOr ifr paMca barsa ko
ilae baMd kr idyao jaayaoM.yaid Aaja AssaI pìtSat ihnduAaoM kao yah samaJaanao ka kama ikyaa
jaa sakta hO ik ]naka Qama- Ktro maoM hOÊ tba tao ifr 12 pìtSat mausalamaanaaoM AaOr Z,a[-
pìtSat isaKaoM kao yah samaJaanaa bahut hI Aasaana hO.”35 rahI yah maanato hOM ik 14 Agast
1947 kao doSa ka ivaBaajana huAa yah galat hO bailk 14 Agast 1947 sao doSa ka ivaBaajana
Sau$ huAa qaa jaao Aba BaI cala rha hOÊ Éka nahIM hO.
rahI ka maananaa hO ik doSa ivaBaajana ko baIja bahut phlao tba hI baaoyao jaa cauko
qao jaba BaaYaa ko $p maoM AapsaI vaOmanasya ka baIja baaoyaa gayaa.AMgaòjaaoM kI [sa saaija,Sa pr
bahut sahI pkD, rahI kI hO ¹ “ maorI yah baat maumaikna hO bahut sao daostaoM AaOr duSmanaaoM kao
baurI lagao pr maOM yah baat ifr khnaa caahta hUÐ ik klak<ao ko faoT- ivailayama kailaja maoM
ihMdI yaa ihMdvaI kao ihndU AaOr mausalamaana KanaaoM maoM baaMTnao kI jaao saaijaSa kI ga[- qaI ]saI ko
natIjao maoM Aagao calakr ihMdustana t@saIma huAa AaOr mamailakto¹[salaaimayaa¹e¹paikstana vaujaUd
maoM Aa[-.dovanaagarI rsmaulaKt kao ihndU AaOr ]dU- rsmaulaKt kao mausalamaana tsalaIma krko dao
kaOmaI naja,rIyao kI bauinayaad D,alaI ga[-.[saka natIjaa yah huAa ik dova naagarI ka Adba pUro
ka pUra ihMdU hao gayaa.mausalamaanaaoM nao [sa rsmaulaKt sao kao[- naata nahIM kayama ikyaa.natIjao maoM
dovanaagarI Adba Apnao elaako kI AaQaI toha isadaktaoM maoM ]laJa kr rh gayaa.”36 rahI
saaMp`daiyakta koo carNaaoM kao AcCI trh samaJato qao AaOr iksaI BaI p`kar kI saaMp`daiyakta
kao isaro sao nakarto qao.paikstana inamaa-Na ko vao kBaI pxaQar na qao bailk jaba paikstana sao
Alaga BaaYaayaI AaQaar pr baaMglaadoSa ka gazna huAa tao vao bahut KuSa qao.
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vat-maana samaya maoM ]ga` ihMdu%vavaadI Sai>yaaM [sa doSa maoM Apnaa janaaQaar banaanao ko
ilae AatMk kI saRiYT kr rhI hOM.sa<aa pr kaibaja haonao ko ilae ‘ihMdU Qama- Ktro maoM hO’ jaOsao
naaro lagaayao jaa rho hOM.rh¹rhkr AyaaoQyaa maoM ramalalaa ko maMidr kao banaanao kI baat khkr
ihMdU janamaanasa kao BaD,kayaa jaa rha hO.SaaMit AaOr saaOhad- kao lagaatar BaMga krnao kI
kaoiSaSa kI jaa rhI hO.ek laMbao samaya tk ihMdu%vavaadI Sai>yaaoM ko inaSaanao pr mausalamaana qao
laoikna Aba [-saa[-yaaoM kao BaI inaSaanao pr ilayaa jaa rha hO.Qamaa-ntrNa kao mau_a banaayaa jaa rha
hO.jaba kBaI Qamaa-ntrNa ka masalaa KD,a haota hO tao SaudàoM kao Apnaa batayaa jaata hOÊ ]nako
naama pr dhaD,o maar¹maarkr ihMdu%vavaadI raonao lagato hOM laoikna ]nhIM ihnduAaoM kao ACUt khkr
ihMdU samaaja maoM du%kara jaata hO.Aba Agar yao tqaakiqat ACUt Qama-¹pirvat-na krto hOM tao
galat @yaa hO Æ hr vyai> kao sammaana ko saaqa jaInao ka hk hO ijasasao iksaI kao BaI vaMicat
nahIM rKa jaa sakta.ihndU Qama- ko [saI daomauhopna pr vyaMgya ksato hue rajaond` yaadva khto
hOM¹ “ hjaaraoM barsaaoM sao saamaaijak AnyaayaaoM AaOr A%yaacaaraoMÊ ApraQa¹baaoQa sao pIiD,t ihndU
Aa%maa kao ‘SaaMit’ kI tlaaSa hOÊ [sailae hma saaqaI manauYya ko ilae sabasao AiQak Ahsaana¹
framaaoSa AaOr ivaSvaasaGaatI laaoga hOM.hma ‘naIcaaoM’ sao Apnao maMidraoM ka ek¹ek kMgaUra¹klaSaÊ
pUjaagaRh saBaI kuC banavaaeÐgaoÊ Kot jautvaaeÐgaoÊ fsalao ladvaaeÐgao¹AaOr sabasao phlao ]nhIM ka
vahaÐ p`vaoSa vaija-t kr doMgaoÂ ijasa maUit- kao kla tk maOMnao Apnao paÐva ko pMjaaoM maoM dbaakr
baarIk ConaI¹hqaaOD,I sao itla¹itla traSaa hO¹kla mauJao ]sako dSa-na ka AiQakar nahIM haogaa
ºººijasa rsaao[- ko hr caulho AaOr Aalao kao maOMnao banaayaa hOÊ ]sako pasa jaanao pr maora isar faoD,
idyaa jaaegaaºººijasa ramaayaNaÊ mahaBaart kao ilaKkr maOMnao laaKaoM praopjaIvaIÊ jaaoMk AaOr
inakmmao baà÷NaaoM kI hjaaraoM pIiZ,yaaoM ko ilae hlauAa¹pUrI ‘Bakaosanao’ ka [Mtjaama ikyaa hO¹ vahI
mauJao BaMgaI³vaalmaIikÁaOr hramaja,ada maCuAara³vaodvyaasa´batakr ek trf du%kar doMgaoººº”37
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baar¹baar ihMdu%vavaadI Sai>yaaM Qama- pirvat-na ko masalao kao ]zakr ‘ihndU Qama-
Ktro maoM hO’ ka naara lagaakr saaQaarNa ihMdU janamaanasa maoM Baya kI saRiYT kr rhI hOM.
ihMdu%vavaaidyaaoM ko [sa rvaOyao pr iTPpNaI krto hue kmalaoSvar khto hOM¹ “ ‘[slaama Ktro maoM hO’
kI tja- pr ‘ihMdu%va Ktro maoM hO’ ka naara idyaa jaa rha hO AaOr kha jaa rha hO ik Aba yah
Ktra [-saa[-yaaoM sao hO.[saI ko saaqa saur imalaakr ek SaMkracaaya- khto hOM ik ‘ek kMbala
laokr Agar kao[- Apnaa Qama-¹pirvat-na krta hO tao yah ihMduAaoM ko ilae DUba marnao kI baat
hO !’ AaOr yah khto hue yao BaUla jaato hOM ik garIba ko pasa kMbala BaI nahIMÊ jabaik yah baat
khnao vaalao SaMkracaaya- Kud saaonao kI CtrI ko naIcao caaMdI ko isaMhasana pr baOzto hOM.mana AaOr
ivavaok sao saaoicae tao kMbala ka laalaca nahIMÊ saaonao kI CtrI AaOr caaMdI ko isaMhasana pr
baOzkr khI ga[- yah baatÊ Sama- sao DUba marnao kI baat hO.”38 drAsala [sa p`kar kI baatoM
khkr ihMdu%vavaadI Sai>yaaM laaogaaoM kao BaD,kakr sa<aa maoM banao rhnao kI ApnaI maMSaa kao pUra
krnaa caahtI hO.saMsad Bavana maoM gao$Aa vas~QaairyaaoM ka p`vaoSa [saka spYT p`maaNa hO.
Saayad yao ihMdU Qama- ko tqaakiqat rxak yah BaUla gayao hOM ik Aaja iksaI ka
Qama- pirvat-na jabarna nahIM krvaayaa jaa sakta.laaoktM~ maoM svaocCa sao Qama-¹pirvat-na tao saMBava
hO laoikna jabarna Qama-pirvat-na kI baatoM Aaja ko samaya maoM hasyaaspd hI lagatI hOM.samakalaIna
laoiKka rmaiNaka gauPta khtI hOM¹ “ vat-maana samaya maoM Qama- pirvat-na jabarna nahIM ikyaa jaa
sakta.vah BaI AlpsaM#yakaoM Wara eosaa krnaa saMBava nahIM hO.ihndu%vavaadI ApnaI kmajaaorI
iCpanao ko ilaeÊ ihndU Qama- ko BaodBaava Baro pàvaQaanaaoM kao kayama rKnao ko ilae dUsaraoM ka
ivaraoQa krto hOM.yao tao AaidvaaisayaaoM kao BaI jabarna ihndU kI EaoNaI maoM iganato hOM jabaik
AaidvaasaI ka ‘sarnaa’ Qama- khIM BaI ihndU Qama- ko dayaro maoM nahIM Aata.[ithasa BaI gavaah hO
ik [nhaoMnao AaidvaasaI rajaaAaoM kao tao svaIkara qaa ihndU Qama- maoM AaOr xai~ya maanaa qaa laoikna
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]nakI janata AaOr saonaa kao nahIM svaIkara.vao ]nakI najar maoM baihYkRt hI rho.Aaja ApnaI
saM#yaa baZ,anao kI garja sao yao ]nhoM jabarna ihndU khto hOM.”39 ek laMbao samaya sao ACUtaoM kao
hoya dRiYT sao doKa gayaa AaOr Aaja jaba [slaama AaOr [-saa[-yaaoM maoM yao ACUt Qama- pirvat-na kr
rho hOM tao ihMdu%vavaadI haya¹taObaa macaa rho hOM laoikna ApnaI galaityaaoM kao sauQaarnao ko badlao
dUsaraoM kao galat zhranaa [sa samasyaa ko pìt khaÐ tk sahI rvaOyaa hO Æ drAsala ihMdu%vavaadI
[sa pSaaopoSa maoM pD,o hOM ik AaiKr vao kro tao @yaa kro.Agar vao saamaaijak str pr ACUtaoM
kao sammaanaIya sqaana doto hOM tao ]naka baà÷Navaad Ktro maoM Aa jaata hO AaOr Agar baà÷Navaad
kI rxaa krnao ka p`yaasa krto hoOM tao ihndu%vavaad Ktro maoM Aa jaata hO.yah samaJanaa ja$rI hO
ik Qamaa-ntrNa ka masalaa Aaiqa-k yaa Qaaima-k nahIM bailk saamaaijak evaM saaMskRitk hO.
saidyaaoM sao vaMicat rha vaga- Aba Apnao AiQakar ko ilae sacaot hO ijasao raok panaa duinayaa kI
iksaI BaI takt ko basa maoM nahIM hO.
vat-maana Baart ek AjaIba pSaaopoSa kI isqait sao gaujar rha hO jahaÐ ek Aaor
saaMskRitk raYT/vaad ko naama pr bahusaM#yak saaMp`daiyakta maaOjaUd hO tao dUsarI Aaor [sa
saaMp`daiyak isqait sao BayaBaIt AlpsaM#yak saaMp`daiyakta BaI maaOjaUd hO.ijasa raYT/ maoM
bahusaM#yak saaMp`daiyak ivacaarQaara sao ga`st haMo vahaÐ AlpsaM#yakaoM ka saaMp`daiyak ivacaaraoM sao
gaìsat haonaa Ainavaaya- hO.bahusaM#yak ka yah daiya%va banata hO ik vah Apnao vyavahar ko
maaQyama sao AlpsaM#yak ko mana maoM Baya pOda krta hO yaa sammaana Aija-t krta hO.[sa isqait
pr ivacaar krto hue rajaond` yaadva khto hOM¹“ AlpsaM#yak ApnaI Alaga phcaana banaae
rKnao AaOr saamaudaiyak saurxaa ko ilae Qama- AaOr saaMp`daiyakta ko SarNa maoM jaato hOM tao
bahusaM#yakaoM kI saaMp`daiyakta fasaIvaadI kI sqaapnaa krtI hO.daonaaoM ek¹dUsaro sao Baaojana
AaOr pòrNaa laoto hOM.daonaaoM kao ek¹dUsaro ka Ktra banaa rhta hO¹ek [sao Qama- ko ilae Ktra
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maanata hO tao dUsaro ko ilae yah raYT/ kao Ktra hO.AivaSvaasa AaOr AatMk ka yah maahaOla
daonaaoM kao AiQak kT\Tr banaata calaa jaata hO.po`macaMd ko SabdaoM maoM saaMp`daiyakta yahaÐ saMskRit
AaOr raYT/Iyata ka labaada AaoZ,kr AatI hO.‘saaMskRitk raYT/vaad’ ihnduAaoM ko [slaamaIkrNa
kI pìËyaa hO.AlpsaM#yakI kuMza hO.[sako gaaolavalakr jaOsao isawaMtkaraoM nao bahut saaf
SabdaoM maoM Apnao piva~ raYT/ kao malaocCaoM AaOr ivaQaima-yaaoM sao mau@t kranao kI baat kI hO AaOr
ihTlar kI p`SaMsaa kI hO ik ]sanao saahsapUva-k yah kaya- ikyaa.Agar [na AlpsaM#yakaoM kao
hmaaro doSa maoM rhnaa hO tao dUsaro djao- ka naagairk banakr rhoM AaOr ]na AiQakaraoMÊ hOisayat AaOr
sammaana kI baat na kroM jaao bahusaM#yakaoM kao sahja saulaBa hO.h%yaaAaoMÊ Aagaja,naIÊ dMgaaoM AaOr
Qaaima-k sqalaaoM ko QvaMsa kI BaaYaa maoM yahI tao saMGa¹pirvaar mausalamaanaaoM AaOr iËScanaaoM kao samaJaa
rha hO.vah Kud AlpsaM#yakaoM kI Asaurxaa¹kuMza sao ga`st AaOr bahusaM#yakaoM ko AhMkar ka
maara hO.”40
drAsala Aaja ko samaya maoM jaba hr caIja kao nayao isaro sao pirBaaiYat krnao ka
p`yaasa ikyaa jaa rha hO vahaÐ Qama- kao BaI nayao ZMga sao pirBaaiYat ikyaa jaa rha hO.magar Qama-
kI jaao vyaa#yaa p`stut kI jaa rhI hO vah ivakRt vyaa#yaa hO.Qama- ko maUla t%va sao hTakr Qama-
kI vyaa#yaa kI jaa rhI hO.eosao maoM Qama- kao punaÁ pirBaaiYat ikyaa jaanaa caaihe jaao na kovala
rOSanala hao bailk AaQauinak ivacaaraoM sao laOsa hao AaOr hr ]sa AaQauinak ivacaar kao ga`hNa krnao
kao tOyaar hao ijanasao maanava maa~ ka klyaaNa hao.eosaI isqait maoM hjaarI p`saad iWvaodI ko
ivacaar pàsaMigak p`tIt haoto hOM¹ “ vat-maana yauga maoM Qama- kao nayaa $p ga`hNa krnaa hO.doSa AaOr
kala ko Anausaar Qama- ko baa( $paoM maoM Antr idKayaI dota hO.gamBaIrtapUva-k ivacaar krnao
pr maalaUma haogaa ik Qama- ko baa( $paoM maoM doSa AaOr kala ko Anausaar prspr ivaraoQa idKayaI
donao pr BaI Qama- ko maUlaBaUt isawant prspr ivaÉw nahIM hO.mahaBaart maoM kha gayaa hO ik jaao
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Qama- iksaI Anya Qama- ko ivaÉw pD,ta hO vah Qama- nahIM hO.jaao Qama- AivaraoQaI haota hO vastutÁ
vahI Qama- hOÁ
Qamaao- yaao baaQato Qamaao- na saaoQama-Á kuQama-tÁ.
AivaraoQaI tu yaao Qama-Á sa Qamaao- mauina sa<ama..
[saka karNa yah hO ik Qama- ko baa( $p eosao maanava¹klyaaNakarI t%va ko
}pr pìtiYzt haoto hOM jaao svayaM sada ekrsa rhnao pr BaI doSa AaOr kala ko Anausaar nayao¹
nayao $p ga`hNa krta hO.kBaI Saas~ AaOr prmpra ko bala pr baa( $p dUsaro doSa AaOr kala
maoM phuÐca jaato hOM AaOr ]samaoM Antina-ht maanavaIya klyaaNa ko maulaBaUt t%va kao Baulaa idyaa jaata
hO.[sa p`kar Qama- ko naama pr pàNahIna $iZyaaÐ AaOr t%vadRiYT¹riht Aacaar¹prmpraeÐ cala
pD,tI hOM.$iZ,Ê vastutÁ Antina-iht t%va kao Baulaa donao ka hI naamaantrNa hO.”41 drAsala
Qama- ko kzmaullaaoM nao yah GaaoYaNaa krnaa AarMBa kr idyaa hO ik jaao kuC BaI ]nhaoMnao saaocaa hO
vahI Aintma hO.[sasao Alaga AaOr [sasao baahr AaOr kuC nahIM hao sakta.va<a-maana samaya maoM Qama-
ko Antga-t ivavaok ka kao[- sqaana nahIM hO.Qama- kI [sa kUpmaMDUkta pr ivacaar krto hue
]pnyaasakar Aaomap`kaSa vaalmaIik khto hOM¹ “ Qama- kao samayasaapoxaÊ Kaojaprk AaOr maanavaIya
ivakasa kI pìËyaa maoM sahayak banaanao kI jagah ]sao kUpmaMDUkta ko dayaro maoM kOd rKa jaata
hO.Qama- kI daSa-inakta maoM jaao tk- AaOr bahsa kI gauMjaa[Sa rhtI hOÊ ]sao BaI naYT kr idyaa
jaata hO bailk tk- AaOr bahsa kI tmaama saMBaavanaaeM hI K%ma hao jaatI hO.”42 Aaja ko samaya
kI yah ja$rt hO ik Qama- Apnaa saMSaaoQana kro.nayao ivacaaraoM kao Apnaayao¸ ]naka svaagat
kro.rajanaIit ka damana CaoD,kr maanavata ka klyaaNa kro.Qama- ka maUla mama- maanavata ka
ivakasa hOÊ samaaja maoM EaRMKlaa evaM vyavasqaa banaayao rKnaa hO laoikna Aaja Qama- samaaja maoM
Avyavasqaa fOlaanao ka kark bana cauka hO.
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samaacaar p~aoM kao janatM~ ka jaaga$k p`hrI kha jaata hO.Aaja ko samaya ko
samaacaar p~ ekmaa~ eosaa maaQyama hO ijasasao vaastivak isqait ka pta calata hO.eosao mao
samaacaar p~aoM Wara gaOrijammaodaranaa ZMga sao tqyaaoM kao poSa krnaa na kovala samasyaa kao AaOr
ivakT banaata hO bailk p`karantr sao saaMp`daiyak Sai>yaaoM ka pRYzpaoYaNa krta hO.BaIYma
saahnaI iTPpNaI krto hue khto hOM¹ “ jahaÐ tk sarkarI jana¹maaQyamaaoM Wara saamp`daiyakta
ka p`caar ikyaa jaa rha hOÊ vahaÐ pr tao ]saka kD,a ivaraoQa krnao kI inataMt AavaSyakta hOÊ
@yaaoMik Agar sarkarI maaQyama hI eosaa p`caar krnao lagaoMgao tao sarkar Wara saamp`daiyakta kao
dUr krnao ko ilae vaayado maa~ ivaDMbanaa hI haogaI.pr jahaÐ inajaI p~¹pi~kaeÐ saamp`daiyakta
kao baZ,avaa do rhI haoMÊ vahaÐ Aap kanaUna¹vyavasqaa ka hI drvaaja,a KTKTa sakto hOM.pr hma
jaanato hOM ik na tao sarkarI tM~ AaOr na hI kanaUnaI vyavasqaa [sa idSaa maoM sajaga Aqavaa saiËya
hO.saBaI [radaoM maoM saamp`daiyak t%va GausapOz kr gae hOM.Kod [sa baat ka hO ik jahaÐ
saamp`daiyak t%va ekbaw AaOr vyavaisqat hOMÊ vahaÐ saamp`daiyakta ivaraoQaI t%vaaoM maoM ibaKrava
payaa jaata hO AaOr ]nako kaya-Ëma p`dSa-naaoMÊ ApIlaaoM AaOr saoimanaaraoM sao Aagao nahIM baZ,
pato.”43 ja$rt hO ik janata maoM jaagaRit laanao ko ilae jamaInaI str pr kaya- ikyaa jaaya.
baMd kmaraoM maoM baaOiwk bahsaaoM sao saaMp`daiyak samasyaa ko karNaaoM kao phcaana jaa sakta hO ]sao
samaaPt nahIM ikyaa jaa sakta.
vahIM saaMp`daiyakta kI samasyaa pr ivacaar krto hue kqaakar Asagar vajaaht
[sa samasyaa pr punaiva-caar krnao kI ja$rt mahsaUsa krto hOM.Aba tk saaMp`daiyak taktaoM sao
laaoha laonao vaalao ivacaarkaoM kI KaimayaaoM kao [Migat krto hue vao khto hOM¹“ saaMp`daiyakta sao
laD,nao vaalaaoM ko ilae yah icaMta na bana sakI ik iSaxaaÊ svaasqyaÊ maaOilak AiQakarÊ Ba`YTacaarÊ
inajaIkrNaÊ maunaafaK,aorIÊ javaabadohI jaOsao mau_aoM kao AaQaar banaayaa jaayao ijana pr vyaapk
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janasamaqa-na pàPt ikyaa jaa sakta qaa AaOr jaao AMttÁ na kovala ivaiBanna Qaaima-k samaUhaoM kao
najadIk laato bailk vyavasqaa kI ]na jaD,aoM pr p`har krto ijanako karNa saamp`daiyakta
flatI¹fUlatI hO.ºººsaamp`daiyakta ivaSaoYa saamaaijakÊ Aaiqa-k saMrcanaa sao janma laotI hO.
yaid hma maUla saMrcanaa pr nahIM kovala ]sasao ]pjaI saamp`daiyakta kao hI inaSaanaa banaato rhoMgao
tao Baìmat kr ide jaanao yaa hao jaanao ko Ktro banao rhoMgao.”44
inaYkYa-tÁ yah kha jaa sakta hO ik svaatMMÍyaao<ar ihMdI ]pnyaasa laoKkaoM nao
saaMp`daiyakta ko badlato AaOr baZ,to sva$p pr ApnaI icaMta jaaihr kI hO.AiBavyai> ko
tmaama KtraoM kao maaola laoto hue [na ]pnyaasakaraoM nao saaMp`daiyakta kao ivastRt flak pr poSa
ikyaa hO ijasamaoM AlpsaM#yak saaMp`daiyakta pr icaMta hO tao bahusaM#yak saaMp`daiyakta pr BaI
p`har ikyaa gayaa hO.ihMdU Qama- maoM maaOjaUd vaNa-¹vyavasqaa kao BaI [sa Gaoro maoM laakr doKa gayaa hO.
rajanaIit Wara Qama- ko duÉpyaaoga pr Agar icaMta jaaihr kI ga[- hO tao bauiwjaIivayaaoM evaM
p~karaoM kao BaI ba#,Saa nahIM gayaa hO.badlao hue saamaaijak pirpòxya kao Qyaana maoM rKto hue
saaMp`daiyakta kI samasyaa pr ivacaar krnao ka p`yaasa ikyaa gayaa hOÊ ]sako karNaaoM kI
pD,tala krnao kI kaoiSaSa kI ga[- hO.Aba saaMp`daiyakta ko pICo maaOjaUd pUMjaIvaadI Sai>yaaoM
kI BaUimaka BaI saaf idKa[- pD,nao lagaI hO.
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Ba-
saMdBa-
Ba- ga`Mqa saUcaI ¹
1º isaMhÊ kuÐvarpalaÊ saaih%ya AaOr hmaara samayaÊ vaaNaI p`kaSanaÊ nayaI idllaIÊ p`kaSana vaYa-¹2002Ê pRYz
saM#yaa¹72
2º Aga`vaalaÊ Da^º pìmalaa¸ Baart ivaBaajana AaOr ihndI kqaa saaih%yaÊ jayaBaartI p`kaSanaÊ [laahabaadÊ
p`kaSana vaYa-¹1992Ê pRYz saM#yaa¹213
3º isaMhÊ iSavap`saadÊ Alaga¹Alaga vaOtrNaIÊ laaokBaartI p`kaSanaÊ [laahabaadÊ p`kaSana vaYa-¹2008Ê
pRYz saM#yaa¹238
4º naIrnaÊ AÉNaoSa³saMpadk´Ê iSavap`saad isaMhÊ naoSanala piblaiSaMga ha]saÊ nayaI idllaIÊ p`kaSana vaYa-¹
1994Ê pRYz saM#yaa¹69
5º Aga`vaalaÊ Da^º pìmalaaÊ Baart ivaBaajana AaOr ihndI kqaa saaih%yaÊ jayaBaartI p`kaSanaÊ [laahabaadÊ
6º itvaarIÊ Da^º ramacand`Ê ihndI ka gaV saaih%yaÊ ivaSvaivaValaya p`kaSanaÊ vaaraNasaIÊ p`kaSana vaYa-¹
7º ibaismallaahÊ AbdulaÊ JaInaI JaInaI baInaI cadiryaaÊ rajakmala p`kaSanaÊ na[- idllaIÊ p`kaSana vaYa-
¹2003Ê pRYz saM#yaa¹10
8º isaMhÊ Aaomap`kaSaÊ pòmacaMdao<ar kqaasaaih%ya AaOr saaMpd` aiyak samasyaaeM³saaBaar´Ê namana p`kaSanaÊ na[-
idllaIÊ p`kaSana vaYa-¹1998Ê pRYz saM#yaa¹289
9º rayaÊ gaaopalaÊ ihndI ]pnyaasa ka [ithasaÊ rajakmala p`kaSanaÊ na[- idllaIÊ p`kaSana vaYa-¹2005Ê
pRYz saM#yaa¹395
10º isaMhÊ ivajaya bahadurÊ ]pnyaasa samaya AaOr saMvaodnaaÊ vaaNaI p`kaSanaÊ nayaI idllaIÊ p`kaSana vaYa-¹
11º vahIÊ pRYz saM#yaa¹209
12º Aga`vaalaÊ Da^º pìmalaaÊ Baart ivaBaajana AaOr ihndI kqaa saaih%ya³saaBaar´Ê jayaBaartI p`kaSanaÊ
[laahabaadÊ p`kaSana vaYa-¹1992Ê pRYz saM#yaa¹213
13º maajaIÊ mahuAa¸ maOM baaoirSaa[llaa¸ rajakmala p`kaSana¸ nayaI idllaI¸ p`kaSana vaYa-¹2006Ê pRYz
saM#yaa¹89
14º rja,aÊ rahI maasaUma¸ AaQaa gaaÐva¸ rajakmala p`kaSana¸ na[- idllaI¸ p`kaSana vaYa-−2004¸ pRYz
saM#yaa−251
15º d<aÊ rjanaI pamaÊ Aaja ka Baart³Aº¹AanaMdsva$p vamaa-´Ê maOi@malana [MiDyaa ilaimaToDÊ na[- idllaIÊ
saMskrNa¹2001Ê pRYz saM#yaa¹468
16º isaMhÊ Da^º kÐuvarpalaÊ saaih%ya AaOr hmaara samaya³saaBaar´Ê vaaNaI p`kaSanaÊ na[- idllaIÊ p`kaSana
vaYa-¹ 2002Ê pRYz saM#yaa¹73
17º itvaarIÊ Da^º ramacand`Ê ihndI ka gaV saaih%yaÊ ivaSvaivaValaya p`kaSanaÊ vaaraNasaIÊ p`kaSana vaYa-¹
18º idnakrÊ ramaQaarI isaMhÊ saMskRit ko caar AQyaayaÊ laaokBaartI p`kaSanaÊ [laahabaadÊ p`kaSana vaYa-¹
209
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19º pòmacaMdÊ pòmacaMd ko ivacaarÊ p`kaSana saMsqaanaÊ nayaI idllaIÊ saMskrNa¹2008Ê pRYz saM#yaa¹344
20º ]paQyaayaÊ p`vaINa³saMpadk´Ê saaxaa%kar AajaklaÊ p`kaSana ivaBaagaÊ saUcanaa evaM p`saarNa maM~alayaÊ
Baart sarkarÊ piTyaalaa ha]saÊ na[- idllaIÊ p`kaSana vaYa-¹2005Ê pRYz saM#yaa¹63
22º kmalaoSvarÊ ihMdu%va banaama ihMdu%vaÊ klyaaNaI iSaxaa pirYadÊ na[- idllaIÊ saMskrNa¹2004Ê pRYz
saM#yaa¹16
23º kivata³saMpadk´Ê vah saubah kBaI tao AayaogaIÊ AÉ piblakoSansa pàº ilaºÊ na[- idllaIÊ saMskrNa¹
25º kMcana³saMpadk´Ê saaMp`daiyakta ko badlato caohroÊ vaaNaI p`kaSanaÊ na[- idllaIÊ saMskrNa¹ 2004Ê
pRYz saM#yaa¹32
26º kivata³saMpadk´Ê vah saubah kBaI tao AayaogaIÊ AÉ piblakoSansa pàº ilaºÊ na[- idllaIÊ
saMskrNa¹ 2008Ê pRYz saM#yaa¹148
saM#yaa¹140
31º saahnaIÊ BaIYmaÊ maoro saaxaa%karÊ iktabaGar p`kaSanaÊ nayaI idllaIÊ saMskrNa¹1996Ê pRYz saM#yaa¹148
35º rayaÊ cand`dova³saMpadk´Ê AiBanava kdma 6¹7Ê ma}Ê ]<ar p`doSaÊ vaYa-¹ navaMbar 2001¹A@TUbar¹
saM#yaa¹63
39º kMcana³saMpadk´Ê saaMp`daiyakta ko badlato caohroÊ vaaNaI p`kaSanaÊ na[- idllaIÊ saMskrNa¹ 2004Ê
pRYz saM#yaa¹18
41º iWvaodIÊ maukund³saMpadk´Ê hjaarI p`saad rcanaavalaI Baaga¹1Ê rajakmala p`kaSanaÊ na[- idllaIÊ
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42º vaalmaIikÊ Aaomap`kaSaÊ mau#yaQaara AaOr dilat saaih%yaÊ saamaiyak p`kaSanaÊ na[- idllaIÊ saMskrNa¹
43º saahnaIÊ BaIYmaÊ maoro saaxaa%karÊ iktabaGar p`kaSanaÊ nayaI idllaIÊ saMskrNa¹1996Ê pRYz saM#yaa¹148
44º saagarÊ SaOlaond`³saMpadk´Ê laKna}Ê kqaaËma¸ jaulaa[-¹isatmbar 2003Ê pRYz saM#yaa¹77
211

Modern Hindi Literature and Social Responsibility

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Modern Hindi Literature and Social Responsibility

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samakalaIna ihMdI ]pnyaasa maoM saaMp`daiyakta ka saMdBa-

samakalaIna ihMdI ]pnyaasakaraoM kI

samakalaIna ihMdI ]pnyaasakaraoM kI dRiYT maoM samaajaÊ Qama-

samakalaIna kqaakaraoM maoM kmalaoSvar ‘laaOTo hue mausaaifr’ AaOr ‘iktnao

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