EME-602: MACHINE DESIGN-II

UNIT I
Spur Gears
Tooth forms, System of gear teeth, contact ratio, Standard proportions of gear systems,
Interference in involute gears, Backlash, Selection of gear materials, Gear manufacturing
methods, Design considerations, Beam strength of gear tooth, Dynamic tooth load, Wear strength
of gear tooth, Failure of gear tooth, Design of spur gears, AGMA and Indian standards.
Helical Gears
Terminology, Proportions for helical gears, Beam strength and wear strength of helical gears,
herringbone gears, crossed helical gears, Design of helical gears.
Worm Gears
Types of worms, Terminology, Gear tooth proportions, Efficiency of worm gears, Heat
dissipation in worm gearing, Strength and wear tooth load for worm gears, Design of worm
gearing
UNIT II
Sliding Contact Bearing
Types, Selection of bearing, Plain journal bearing, Hydrodynamic lubrication, Properties and
materials, Lubricants and lubrication, Hydrodynamic journal bearing, Heat generation, Design of
journal bearing, Thrust bearing-pivot and collar bearing, Hydrodynamic thrust bearing,
Rolling Contact Bearing
Advantages and disadvantages, Types of ball bearing, Thrust ball bearing, Types of roller
bearing, Selection of radial ball bearing, Bearing life, Selection of roller bearings, Dynamic
equivalent load for roller contact bearing under constant and variable loading, Reliability of
Bearing, Selection of rolling contact bearing, Lubrication of ball and roller
bearing, mounting of bearing
UNIT III
IC Engine Parts
Selection of type of IC engine, General design considerations, Design of Cylinder and cylinder
head; Design of piston, piston ring and gudgeon pin; Design of connecting rod; Design of centre
crankshaft
 Lesson Plan

Meerut Institute of Technology Meerut (292)

Course- B.Tech (Mechanical) (III year)
Faculty Name- Husain Mehdi
Subject- Machine Design-II

Unit No. Competencies Contents Book With Page Number

Introduction, Construction of Cylinder Liner, PrincipalParts of

A (1125-1127)
IC engine
Stress in Cylinder Liner, Design of Cylinder and Cylinder
A (1127-1130)
Cylinder and Head,
Cylinder Head Numericals on Cylinder Design A, B, C
Numericals Continue A,B,C
Tutorial-1 A,B,C
A (1132-1134), B-(853-854), C (7-
Introduction,Construction of Piston,materials
16,7-17)
Piston Designing of Piston Head, ring,skirt, Barrel,pin A (1134-1139), B (854-859)
UNIT I Numericals on Piston A,B,C
Tutorial-2 A,B,C
Construction of Connecting Rod, Force acting on connecting
A (1144-1149)
Rod
Designing of Connecting Rod Body, A (1150-1155), B (867-872)
Connecting Rod Numericals on Connecting Rod A,B,C
Numericals Continue A,B,C
Tutorial-3 A,B,C
Construction of Crank shaft, Types of Crank shaft,Materials
A-1161, B-880
Used
A (1162-1169), B (881-884), C(7.81-
CrankShaft Designing of Crank Shaft
86)
Numericals on Piston A,B,C
Tutorial-4 A,B,C
Introduction, Formof teeth, Classificationof Gear A (1122-1125), C (1.2-1.14),
Standard Proportions of gear system, Interference in Involute
A-1127, C-1.22
gear
Selection of gear materials, Gear manufacturing methods A- 1034, A-1035, C-(1.38-42)
Design consideration, Beam strength of gear tooth, Dynamic
, A (1037-1041), C-(1.48-53)
Spur Gear tooth load
Tutorial-5 A,B,C
Wear strength of Gear Tooth, Failure of gear tooth, Design of
A- (1042-1046), C (1.54-58)
spur gear
Numericals on Spur Gear A,B,C
Numericals Continue A,B,C
UNIT II Introduction, Terminology, Proportions of Helical Gears A (1066-67), B (694-695),C (2.2-4)
Tutorial-6 A,B,C
 Beam strength and wear strength of helical gears A- 1069, B (702-705)
Herringbone gears,Crossed helical gears, Design of Helical
B- (706-708)
gears
Helical Gear Numericals on Helical Gear A,B,C
Numericals Continue A,B,C
Tutorial-7 A,B,C
Introduction, Types of Worm, Terminology, Gerar tooth
A (1101-1107), B (730-735)
Proportions
Efficiency of Worm gear, Wear Tooth Load for Worm Gear A-1107, A-1110
Strength of Worm Gear Teeth, Wear Tooth Load for Worm
Worm Gear A-1109,A-1110
Gear
Design of Worm gearing, Numericals on worm gear A,B,C
Tutorial-8 A,B,C
Introduction, Nomenclature of R.C.B, Types of R.C.B A (996-998), B (864-867)
Types of Ball Bearing, Thrust ball bearing, Types of Roller
A-1001
bearing
Bearing Life ,selection of roller bearing, Static & Dynamic
A- (1004-06), B-569, B-570
load for ( R.C.B)
Rolling Contact Dynamic Load Rating for Rolling Contact Bearings under
A-1009
Bearing (R.C.B) Variable loads
UNIT Tutorial-9 A,B,C
III Reliability of a Bearing, Numericals on R.C.B A-1010
Numericals Continue A,B,C
Numericals Continue A,B,C
Introductionof, Types of (S.C.B), Properties of (S.C.B) A, 963, A-967
Tutorial-10 A,B,C
Material used in (S.C.B), Properties of Lubricant,
A-970, A-973
Terms used in Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing
Sliding Contact
Bearing (S.C.B) Bearing Characteristic Number and Bearing Modulus for
Journal bearing A-974-979
Design procedure of Journal Bearing
Numericals on journal Bearing A,B,C
Numericals Continue A,B,C

Symbol Book Name Writer

A Machine Design R.S Khurmi
Design of Machine
B V.B Bhandari
Element
C Machine Design-II R.B. Patil
UNIT-I
 MEERUT INSTITUE OF TECHNOLOGY MEERUT (292)
B.Tech (Mechanical) (VI SEM)
Subject- Machine Design-II (EME-602)
Assignment No-1

1. Give an account of gear classification. Name the gears that can be used for non parallel non
int ersecting shafts.
2. Explain the advantages and Limitation of gear drives
3. What is a herringbone gear? Where they are used.
4. What are the various terms used in spur gear terminology?
5. Give an account of failure of gears. (U.P.T.U- 2003-04, 2006-07)
6. Drive the Lewis equation for beam strength of spur gear tooth.
7. What condition must be satisfied in order that a pair of spur gear may have a constant
velocity ratio? (U.P.T.U- 2004-05)

8. What is conjugate action? How it is achieved in case of involute gears? (U.P.T.U- 2005-06)

9. What condition must be satisfied in order that a pair of spur gears may have a constant
velocity ratio? ( U.P.T.U. 2004-2005 )

10. What conditions must be specified for a pair of helical gears to mesh properly?
11. Why is the pressure angle for involute gears always constant? ( UPSC CES 1994 )

12. Explain gear manufacturing methods indicating their relative advantages.

( U.P.T.U- 2005-06, 2006-07, 2009-10)

13. Differentiate between gear hobbing & gear shaping with reference to various relative
motions & applications. ( UPSC CES 1999 )

14. Discuss the design procedure of spur gears.

15. Discuss the role of Lewis and Buckingham equation in design of gear. Write down these
equations and explain the various variables in the equation.
16. Write a short note on lubrication of gears. How many types of lubrication are used in
gears? (U.P.T.U- 2007-08)
17. Explain the phenomenon of interference in involute gears. How it is avoided ?
(U.P.T.U- 2006-07, 2009-10)

18. Explain the different causes of gear tooth failures & suggest possible remedies to avoid such
failures.
 MEERUT INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MEERUT
B.Tech (Mechanical) VI SEM
Subject- Machine Design-II (EME-602)
Tutorial No-1
1. A bronze spur pinion rotating at 600 r.p.m. drives a cast
iron spur gear at a transmission ratio of 4 : 1. The
allowable static stresses for the bronze pinion and cast
iron gear are 84 MPa and 105 MPa respectively. The
pinion has 16 standard 20° full depth involute teeth of
module 8 mm. The face width of both the gears is 90
mm. Find the power that can be transmitted from the
standpoint of strength.
2. A pair of 200 full depth straight teeth spur gears is to
transmit 25 kW. The pinion rotates at 400 r.p.m and the
velocity ratio is 1:4. The allowable stresses for the gear
and pinion material are 100 MPa and 120 MPa
respectively. The pinion has 16 teeth and the face width
is 12 times the module. Design the gear pair for
strength. (UPTU: 2006-07)
3. A pair of 200 stub teeth spur gears is to transmit 20 kW.
The pinion rotates at 500 r.p.m and the velocity ratio is
1:4. The allowable static stresses for gear and pinion
material are 100 MPa and 120 MPA respectively. The
pinion has 20 teeth and the face width is 10 times the
module. Design the gear pair for static strength.
(UPTU- 2007-08)
4. A pair of straight teeth spur gears is to transmit 20 kW
when the pinion rotates at 300 r.p.m. The velocity ratio
is 1 : 3. The allowable static stresses for the pinion and
gear materials are 120 MPa and 100 MPa respectively.
The pinion has 15 teeth and its face width is 14 times
the module. Determine : 1. module; 2. face width; and
3. pitch circle diameters of both the pinion and the gear
from the standpoint of strength only, taking into
consideration the effect of the dynamic loading. The
tooth form factor y can be taken as
y= 0.154 - and velocity factor CV as ,
where V express as m/sec
5. Design a spur gear drive required to transmit 45 KW at
a pinion speed of 800 rpm. The velocity ratio is 3.5:1.
The teeth are 20 full depth involute with 18 teeth on
the pinion. Both the pinion & gears are made of steel.
(U.P.T.U. 2004-2005 )
6. A bronze spur pinion rotating at 600 rpm drives a cast
iron spur gear at a transmission ratio of 4:1. the
allowable static stress for the bronze pinion & cast iron
gear are 84 MPa & 105 MPa. The pinion has 16
standard 200 full depth involute teeth of module 8 mm.
the face width of both the gears is 90 mm. Find the
power that can be transmitted from the standpoint of
strength.
7. A pair of spur gear is to be used to transmit 4 kW power
from the pinion rotating at 600 r.p.m to the gear rotating
at 150 r.p.m. the teeth are 200 full depth involute and
center distance should be as small as possible. Design
the gear pair based on the beam strength consideration
(UPTU- 2003-04)
8. A gear drive is required to transmit a maximum power
of 22.5 kW. The velocity ratio is 1:2 and r.p.m. of the
pinion is 200. The approximate centre distance between
the shafts may be taken as 600 mm. The teeth has 20°
stub involute profiles. The static stress for the gear
 material (which is cast iron) may be taken as 60 MPa
and face width as 10 times the module. Find the
module, face width and number of teeth on each gear.
Check the design for dynamic and wear loads. The
deformation or dynamic factor in the Buckingham
equation may be taken as 80 and the material
combination factor for the wear as 1.4.
0
9. A pair of straight teeth spurs gear having 20 full depth
teeth id to transmit 15 kW power at 300 r.p.m of the
pinion. The speed ratio is 3:1. The number of teeth on
pinion is 16, while the face width is 14 times the
module. Assuming the steady load and 8-10 hours of
service per day, determine the module, face width and
pitch circle diameter of gear. Use following data.
UPTU: 2009-10
C.I Gear Steel Pinion
Stresses Mpa Mpa
Allowable static sress 60 105
Surface endurance trength 600 600
Modulus of elasticity 100 200
0
10. A spur gear pair with 20 full depth involute teeth has a
speed ratio of 3. The pinion rotates at 900 r.p.m. The
module is 3 mm, while the face width is 30 mm. The
pinion and gear are made of steel having an ultimate
2
tensile strength of 400 N/mm and an yield strength of
2
210 N/mm .Assuming the FOS is 2, Determine the
power rating of gear pair based on bending strength.
(UPTU- 2005-06)
11. A compressor running at 250 r.p.m is driven by 15 kW,
1000 r.p.m electric motor through a 14.50 full depth
gear pair. The center distance is 400 mm. The pinion is
to be made of 30C8 forged steel ( hardened and
tempered) while the gear is to be made od cast steel.
Assuming moderate shock conditions. Determine the
module, face width, face width and the number ot teeth
on each gear. (UPTU 2009-10)
12. The following data is given for spur gear pair made of
steel and manufactured by shaping
Module = 8mm, Centre distance = 380 mm Permissible
bending stress for pinion and gear = 60N/mm2, Pinion
Speed = 1500 r.p.m, Gear speed = 400 r.p.m Face width
=10 m, tooth system = 200 full depths involute,
Application factor (Ka)= 1.5, FOS = 2
Assumind the velocity factor account for the dynamic
load, Calculate the rated power.
13. A pair of straight teeth spur gears, having 20° involute
full depth teeth is to transmit 12 kW at 300 r.p.m. of the
pinion. The speed ratio is 3 : 1. The allowable static
stresses for gear of cast iron and pinion of steel are 60
MPa and 105 MPa respectively. Assume the following:
Number of teeth of pinion = 16; Face width = 14 times
module; Velocity factor (Cv ) = v being the pitch
line velocity in m / s; and tooth form factor y= 0.154 -
Determine the module, face width and pitch diameter of
gears. Check the gears for wear; given σC = 600 MPa;
EP = 200 kN/mm2 and EG = 100 kN/mm2.
14. A reciprocating compressor is to be connected to an
electric motor with the help of spur gears. The distance
between the shafts is to be 500 mm. The speed of the
electric motor is 900 r.p.m. and the speed of the
compressor shaft is desired to be 200 r.p.m. The torque,
to be transmitted is 5000 N-m. Taking starting torque as
25% more than the normal torque, determine :
(a) Module and face width of the gears using 20
degrees stub teeth, and
(b) Number of teeth and pitch circle diameter of each
gear. Assume suitable values of velocity factor and
Lewis factor

15. A pair of helical gears is to transmit 15 kW. The teeth
are 20° stub in diametral plane and have a helix angle of
45°. The pinion runs at 10 000 r.p.m. and has 80 mm
pitch diameter. The gear has 320 mm pitch diameter. If
the gears are made of cast steel having allowable static
strength of 100 MPa; determine a suitable module and
face width from static strength considerations and check
the gears for wear, given σC = 618 MPa (UPTU 2006-07)
16. A helical cast steel gear with 30° helix angle has to
transmit 35 kW at 1500 r.p.m. If the gear has 24 teeth,
determine the necessary module, pitch diameter and
face width for 20° full depth teeth. The static stress for
cast steel may be taken as 56 MPa. The width of face
may be taken as 3 times the normal pitch. The tooth
factor for 20° full depth involute gear may be taken as
y= 0.154 - where TE represent the equivalent No of
teeth
17. Design a pair of helical gears for transmitting 22 kW.
The speed of the driver gear is 1800 r.p.m. and that of
driven gear is 600 r.p.m. The helix angle is 30° and
profile is corresponding to 20°full depth system. The
driver gear has 24 teeth. Both the gears are made of cast
steel with allowable static stress as 50 MPa. Assume the
face width parallel to axis as 4 times the circular pitch
The form factor may be taken as y= 0.154 - , where
TE represents the equivalent No of teeth. The velocity
factor may be taken as Cv ) = where v is pitch
line velocity in m / min.
18. A helical cast steel gear with 30° helix angle has to
transmit 35 kW at 2000 r.p.m. If the gear has 25 teeth,
find the necessary module, pitch diameters and face
width for 20° full depth involute teeth. The static stress
for cast steel may be taken as 100 MPa. The face width
may be taken as 3 times the normal pitch. The tooth
form factor is given by the expression y' = 0.154 –
0.912/TE, where TE represents the equivalent number of
teeth. The velocity factor is given by Cv = where v
is the peripheral speed of the gear in m/s.
19. A pair of helical gears with 30° helix angle is used to
transmit 15 kW at 10 000 r.p.m. of the pinion. The
velocity ratio is 4 : 1. Both the gears are to be made of
hardened steel of static strength 100 N/mm2. The gears
are 20° stub and the pinion is to have 24 teeth. The face
width may be taken as 14 times the module. Find the
module and face width from the standpoint of strength
and check the gears for wear.
20. A Pair of helical geara are used to transmit 20 kW at
5000 r.p.m of the pinion. The teeth are 200 stub in
diameteral plane and the helix angle is 350. The pinion
has a pitch circle diameter of 80 mm and gear ratio is
4:1. Both gear and pinion are made of cast steel with an
allowable strength of 100 MPa. The modulus of
elasticity for cast steel is 2x105 MPa and its surface
endurance strength is 620 MPa. Suggest a suitable
module and face width for the gear pair and check the
strength of the design in wear.
21. A helical pinion having 20 teeth transmit 30 kW power
at 30 rev/sec. The normal module is 4 mm, while face
width is 36 mm. The normal pressure angle is 20 0 and
helix angle is 300. If the gear pair is made of steel,
calculate the maximum contact stress in the tooth.
22. A worm gear pair is used to transmit power from an
electric motor running at 1500 r.p.m to the machine
running at 60 r.p.m. The axial pitch of the worm is
18.85 mm while the diameteral quotient is 10. If the
centre distance is to be fixed at 180 mm, designate the
gear pair.
23. A worm gear has 30 teeth of 14.50 and the coefficient of
friction for worm gear is 0.05. The worm is triple
threaded with a module of 6 mm and pitch circle
diameter of 50 mm, Calculate (UPTU 2007-08)

(a) Lead angle of worm (c) Velocity ratio

(b) Center distance (d) Efficiency of gearing
24. For a hardened steel worm and worm gear, the center
distance is 480 mm, and the transmission ratio is 20.
Find the module and lead angle. (UPTU 2006-07)

25. Design a high efficiency worm gear speed reducer to

transmit continuously the rated power output of 15 kW
motor running at 1750 r.p.m. The steel worm having
hardness 250BHN is integral with a motor shaft. The
speed ratio is 10, while the phosphor bronze gear should
not have less than 40 teeth.
26. Design a worm gear reducer to transmit 11 kW power
from an electric motor running at 1500 r.p.m to a
machine running at 75 r.p.m. The loading is intermittent
(less than 3 hours per day) and steady.
(UPTU 2004-05, 2008-09)
27. Design a worm gear reducer to transmit 15 kW power
from a shaft rotating at 1200 r.p.m to another shaft
which is 0.3 m apart. The speed reduction is 10.5:1 and
teeth are 200 full depth involute. .
(UPTU 2005-06)
28. Design a worm gear set to transmit 12 kW power from a
motor shaft rotating at 1400 r.p.m to a machine rotating
at 75 r.p.m. The center distance between the shaft is 250
mm, while the normal
29. pressure angle is 200. (UPTU 2009-10)
UNIT-II
 MEERUT INSTITUE OF TECHNOLOGY MEERUT (292)
B.Tech (Mechanical) (VI SEM)
Subject- Machine Design-II (EME-602)
Assignment No-2

1. Define the terms (UPTU 2003-04, 2004-05)

(a)Static bearing capacity (b) Dynamic bearing capacity (c) Life of bearing
2. Discuss why the rolling element bearings are also called anti friction bearings (UPTU 2005-06)

3. How will you classify the rolling contact bearings? compare ball & roller
4. Write advantages & disadvantages of rolling contact bearings over sliding contact bearings .
5. With the help of bearing modulus coefficient of friction curve, explain the stability of
lubricating oil film in journal bearing. (UPTU 2002-03)

6. Clearly differentiate b/w thin film lubrication and thick film lubrication (UPTU 2003-04)

7. State the advantages and limitation of hydrostatic bearings, what are the applications of
hydrostatic bearings.
8. List the important characteristics desired for a good journal bearing material. (UPTU 2005-06)

9. Write note on” Hydrodynamic theory of lubrication”. (UPTU 2006-07)

10. Answer the following in brief (UPTU 2007-08)

(a) Important consideration for selection of bearing

(b) Material used for sliding contact bearings.
11. Distinguish between hydro dynamic bearings and hydro static bearing
12. Define bearing modulus and sommerfeld number.
13. What is lubrication? Define types of lubricants. What is the purpose of lubrication?
14. Write down the design procedure for journal bearing.
15. Write down four properties of lubricants.
 MEERUT INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MEERUT (292)
B.Tech (Mechanical) VI SEM
Subject- Machine Design-II (EME-602)
Tutorial No-2

1. Design a journal bearing for a centrifugal pump
from the following data: Load on the journal =
20 000 N; Speed of the journal = 900 r.p.m.;
Type of oil is SAE 10, for which the absolute
viscosity at 55°C = 0.017 kg / m-s; Ambient
temperature of oil = 15.5°C ; Maximum bearing
2
pressure for the pump = 1.5 N / mm Calculate
also mass of the lubricating oil required for
artificial cooling, if rise of temperature of oil be
limited to 10°C. Heat dissipation coefficient =
1232 W/m/°C.
2. A turbine shaft running at 1800 r.p.m has a
diameter of 300 mm. The load on bearing due to
shaft is 180 kN. The allowable bearing pressure
is 1.5 N/mm2 and the bearing temperature is
4. The load on the journal bearing is 150 kN due to
turbine shaft of 300 mm diameter running at
1800 r.p.m. Determine the following : (a)
Length of the bearing if the allowable bearing
pressure is 1.6 N/mm2 (b) Amount of heat to be
removed by the lubricant per minute if the
bearing temperature is 60°C and viscosity of the
oil at 60°C is 0.02 kg/m-s and the bearing
clearance is 0.25 mm.
5. Design a bearing and journal to support a load of
5.5 kN at 650 r.p.m. using hardened steel journal
and bronze backed babbit bearing. The bearing
is lubricated by oil rings. Take room temperature
as 220C and oil temperature as 850C
(UPTU 2004-05)

600C. If the viscosity of the oil is 0.02 kg/m-sec 6. Design a journal bearing for a centrifugal pump

and the bearing clearance is 0.25, determine using the following data (UPTU 2008-09)

(UPTU 2006-07) Load of journal = 20kN

(a) The length of the bearing Speed of journal = 1000 r.p.m
(b) The amount of heat removed by the Max bearing pressure = 1.5 N/mm2
lubricant per minute. Absolute viscosity of oil at 550= 0.017 kg/m-sec
3. Design a journal bearing for a centrifugal pump Operating temperature of oil = 550C
with the following data. (UPTU 2004-05) Ambient temperature of oil = 160C
Load of journal = 15000N 7. A full journal bearing of 50 mm diameter and
Speed of journal = 1050 r.p.m 100 mm long has a bearing pressure of 1.4
Type of Oil = SAE 10 N/mm2. The speed of the journal is 900 r.p.m.
Maximum bearing pressure = 1.5 N/mm2 and the ratio of journal diameter to the diametral
Operating temperature of oil = 550C clearance is 1000. The bearing is lubricated with
Ambient temperature of oil = 15.50C oil whose absolute viscosity at the operating
 temperature of 75°C may be taken as 0.011
kg/m-s. The room temperature is 35°C. Find :
(a) The amount of artificial cooling required (b)
The mass of the lubricating oil required, if the
difference between the outlet and inlet
temperature of the oil is 10°C. Take specific
heat of the oil as 1850 J / kg / °C.
8. 150 mm diameter shaft supporting a load of 10
kN has a speed of 1500 r.p.m. The shaft runs in
a bearing whose length is 1.5 times the shaft
diameter. If the diametral clearance of the
bearing is 0.15 mm and the absolute viscosity of
the oil at the operating temperature is 0.011
kg/m-s, find the power wasted in friction.
9. A 80 mm long journal bearing supports a load of
2800 N on a 50 mm diameter shaft. The bearing
has a radial clearance of 0.05 mm and the
viscosity of the oil is 0.021 kg / m-s at the
operating temperature. If the bearing is capable
of dissipating 80 J/s, determine the maximum
safe speed.
10. A journal bearing 60 mm is diameter and 90 mm
long runs at 450 r.p.m. The oil used for
hydrodynamic lubrication has absolute viscosity
of 0.06 kg / m-s. If the diametral clearance is 0.1
mm, find the safe load on the bearing.
11. The thrust of propeller shaft is absorbed by 6
collars. The rubbing surfaces of these collars
have outer diameter 300 mm and inner diameter
200 mm. If the shaft runs at 120 r.p.m.the
bearing pressure amounts to 0.4 N/mm2. The
coefficient of friction may be taken as 0.05.
Assuming that the pressure is uniformly
distributed, determine the power absorbed by the
collars.
12. A footstep bearing supports a shaft of 150 mm
diameter which is counter bored at the end with
a hole diameter of 50 mm. If the bearing
pressure is limited to 0.8 N/mm2 and the speed is
100 r.p.m.; find: 1. the load to be supported; 2.
the power lost in friction; and 3. the heat
generated at the bearing. Assume coefficient of
friction = 0.015.
13. A shaft rotating at constant speed is subjected to
variable load. The bearings supporting the shaft
are subjected to stationary equivalent radial load
of 3 kN for 10 per cent of time, 2 kN for 20 per
cent of time, 1 kN for 30 per cent of time and no
load for remaining time of cycle. If the total life
expected for the bearing is 20 × 106 revolutions
at 95 per cent reliability, calculate
dynamic load rating of the ball bearing.
14. The rolling contact ball bearings are to be
selected to support the overhung countershaft.
The shaft speed is 720 r.p.m. The bearings are to
have 99% reliability corresponding to a life of
24 000 hours. The bearing is subjected to an
equivalent radial load of 1 kN. Consider life
adjustment factors for operating condition and
material as 0.9 and 0.85 respectively. Find the
basic dynamic load rating of the bearing from
manufacturer's catalogue, specified at 90%
reliability.
15. Select a single row deep groove ball bearing for
a radial load of 4000 N and an axial load of 5000
N, operating at a speed of 1600 r.p.m. for an
 average life of 5 years at 10 hours per day.
Assume uniform and steady load.
(UPTU 2008-09, 2009-10)
16. A single row angular contact ball bearing
number 310 is used for an axial flow
compressor. The bearing is to carry a radial load
of 2500 N and an axial or thrust load of 1500 N.
Assuming light shock load, determine the rating
life of the bearing.
17. Design a self-aligning ball bearing for a radial
load of 7000 N and a thrust load of 2100 N. The
desired life of the bearing is 160 millions of
revolutions at 300 r.p.m. Assume uniform and
steady load.
18. Select a single row deep groove ball bearing for
a radial load of 4500 N and an axial load of 5500
N, operating at a speed of 1500 r.p.m. for an
average life of 5 years at 12 hours per day.
Assume light shock load. (UPTU 2004-05)
UNIT-III
 MEERUT INSTITUE OF TECHNOLOGY MEERUT (292)
B.Tech (Mechanical) (VI SEM)
Subject- Machine Design-II (EME-602)
Assignment No-3

1. With the help of neat sketches, explain the types of cylinder liners.
2. Write down the steps of designing of cylinder .
3. Explain different types of piston rings. (UPTU- 2007-08)

4. Write a note on “Design of Piston”. (UPTU- 2009-10)

5. Why Piston clearances are necessary? Explain.

6. Explain why I section is adopted as the cross section of high speed engine connecting rod?
(UPTU- 2003-04)
7. Prove that the maximum bending moment on connecting rod due to transverse component of inertia is

Mmax= .

8. Design the crank pin & crank webs of a centre crank shaft for the above engine.
(U.P.T.U. 2002-03)

9. I section is adopted as the cross section of high speed engine connecting rods. Discuss.
(U.P.T.U. 2003-04 )

10. Why piston clearance is necessary? What are its usual values? ( U.P.T.U. 2004-05 )

11. What is piston? What are the design considerations for a piston?
12. Write down about the material for piston.
13. State the function of the following for an IC engine piston :
(a) Ribs (b) Piston rings (c) Piston skirts (d) Piston pin
14. Define connecting rod. What are the various forces acting on the connecting rod?
15. What is the function of a connecting rod of an IC engine?
16. Explain the various stresses induced in the connecting rod.
17. Write down the dimensions which are required to be determined in designing a connecting rod.
18. Define crank shaft with its types. What are the methods & materials used in the manufacture of crankshaft?
 MEERUT INSTITUE OF TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT (292)
B.Tech (Mechanical) (VI SEM)
Subject- Machine Design-II (EME-602)
Tutorial No-4

Cylinder
1. Determine the thickness of a C.I cylinder wall
and the stress included in it for a 250 mm bore
petrol engine with a max gas pressure of 3
N/mm2 take the reboring factor for the cylinder
wall as 7.5 mm. Poisson ratio for the cylinder
material as 0.25 and max hoop stress for
cylinder material as 45 Mpa. (UPTU- 2006-07)
2. Design a cylinder and cylinder head for 4 stroke
engine with the following data.
Cylinder bore= 150 mm, Max gas pressure = 3.2
N/mm2
Assume suitable additional data.
3. Design a cylinder and cylinder head for a 4
stroke C.I engine with the following data.
Brake power = 5 KW, Engine Speed = 1200 rpm
Indicated mean effective pressure = 0.35
2
N/mm .
Mechanical efficiency = 80%
Assume additional suitable data (UPTU- 2009-10)
4. The cylinder of a 4 stroke diesel engine has a
following data.
Cylinder bore = 150 mm , Max gas pressure =
3.5 Mpa
Cylinder material = Grey Cast. Iron FG 200
FOS = 5, Poisson ratio = 0.25
Determine the thickness of the cylinder wall.
Also, calculate the apparent and net
circumferential and longitudinal stress in the
cylinder wall.
5. A four stroke internal combustion engine has a
following specification:
Brake power = 7.5 kW, Speed = 1000r.p.m,
Indicated mean effective pressure = 0.35
N/mm2, maximum gas
pressure = 3.5 MPa, Mechanical Efficiency = 80
%. Determine (1) the dimension of the cylinder,
if the length of the stroke is 1.4 times the bore of
the cylinder. (2) Wall thickness of the cylinder,
if hoop stress is 35 MPa, (3) Thickness of the
cylinder head and the size of the stud when the
permissible stresses for the cylinder head and the
stud materials are 45 MPa and 65 MPa
respectively.
6. The cylinder of a 4 stroke diesel engine has the
following specifications
Brake power = 6.5 kW, Engine Speed = 1400
rpm, Indicated mean effective pressure = 0.35
N/mm2, Mechanical efficiency = 80%
the cylinder liner and head are made of FG 260
(Sut = 260 N/mm2 and μ = 0.25). The stud are
made of plain carbon steel 40C8 (Sut = 380
N/mm2). The factor of safety for all parts is 6
Calculate
(a) Bore and bore length of the cylinder liner
(b) Thickness of the cylinder head
(c) Thickness of the cylinder liner
(d) Size, number and pitch of stud
 9. A C.I piston to be used for a single acting four
Always remember during Designing of Cylinder. stroke engine with the following data.
Note: 1. For Cylinder wall thickness, σall= 35-70 Cylinder bore = 100 mm , Stroke = 120 mm
2
N/mm (for Cast Iron), usually take 42 Max gas pressure 5 N/mm2, Mean effective
N/mm2 pressure = 0.65 N/mm2, Speed= 2200 rpm, Fuel
2. Pmax= 10 Pm , take ηm=80% (when consumption = 0.227 Kg/KW/h, Speed = 2200
Necessary)
r.p.m
3. Material for Stud or Bolt Alloy Steel
Find the suitable thickness of the piston head.
40Ni3 (σtb = 70 N/mm2).
Thermal conductivity for Cast Iron is 46 J/sm0C
and allowable temperature difference is 2220C.
(UPTU- 2004-05, 07-08)
Piston
10. Design a Cast Iron Piston for a single acting four
7. A C.I piston to be used for a single acting four
stroke engine for the following data:
stroke engine with the following data. UPTU:
Cylinder bore = 100 mm, Stroke = 125 mm,
2004-05, 2007-08
maximum gas pressuer = 5 MPa, Indicated mean
Cylinder bore = 100 mm, Stroke = 120 mm
effective pressuer = 0.75 MPa, Mechanical
Max gas pressure 5 N/mm2 , Break mean
efficiency = 80 %, fuel consumption = 0.15
effective pressure = 0.65 N/mm2, Speed = 2200
Kg/B.P/Hr, higher calorific
rpm, Fuel consumption = 0.227 Kg/kW-h
value of fuel = 42x103 kJ/kg, sped = 2000 r.p.m.
Find the suitable thickness of the piston head.
any other data required for the design may be
Thermal conductivity for the cast iron is 46 J/s
assumed.
m0C and allowable temperature difference is
11. Design the piston foe a single acting four stroke
2220C.
engine with the following specification:
8. Find the suitable thickness of the piston crown
Cylinder bore = 0.30 m, Stroke length = 0.375
for a 4 stroke engine with following data.
m, maximum gas pressure = 8 MPa, break mean
Engine speed = 1500 rpm , Piston Diameter = 87
effective pressure = 1.15 MPa, fuel consumption
mm, Length of stroke = 96 mm , Mean effective
= 0.22 Kg/kW/hr, Speed = 500 r.p.m.
pressure = 0.7 N/mm2 (UPTU- 2006-07)
(UPTU: 2008-09)
Bsfc= 0.26 kg/KW/h , l/r ratio= 4
Heat conducted through crown = 10 % of heat Always remember during Designing of Piston.
generation during combustion Note: 1. for thickness of Piston Head, σall= 35-40
Calorific value of fuel = 42 MJ/Kg N/mm2 (for Cast Iron), usually take

Assume that piston is made of Al Alloy with 37.5 N/mm2.

2. HCV= 42x 106 J/kg, C=0.05, K=46.5
thermal conductivity of 175 W/m0C and
W/m0C
allowable temperature difference 1110C
 3. for thickness of Piston Ring, σbr= 100 N/mm2 15. Design a connecting rod for a 4 stroke
2
Pw = 0.04 N/mm petrol engine with the following data. Piston
4. For diameter of Piston Pin always take phosphor diameter = 100 mm, Stroke length = 150
bronze material (Pb=25 N/mm2).
mm, Length of connecting rod (center to
Connecting Rod center) = 300 mm, Weight of reciprocating

12. Design a connected rod for 4 stroke petrol part = 20 N, Speed = 1500 rpm, possible

engine with the following data. (UPTU- 2005-06) over speed 2500 rpm, Compression ratio =

Piston diameter = 100 mm , Stroke 140 mm 4:1, Max explosion pressure = 2.5 MPa.
(UPTU- 2008-09)
Length of connecting rod (center to center) =
16. A four stroke IC engine is developing 50
315 mm, Weight of reciprocating part = 18.2 N
Kw at 2200 r.p.m for which a connecting
Speed = 1500 rpm with possible speed of 2500
rod is required to be designed for the
rpm, Max explosive pressure = 2.45 N/mm2
following data. (UPTU- 2009-10)
13. Determine the cross section of I section of
Piston diameter = 90 mm, mass of
connecting rod for a single cylinder IC engine
reciprocating parts = 1.5 Kg , length of
use the following data. (UPTU- 2007-08)
connecting rod between the two centres =
Piston diameter = 100 mm, Stroke length= 125
300 mm, stroke length = 125 mm,
mm, Mass of reciprocating parts = 2.25 Kg
compression ration = 68:1, Maximum
Length of connecting rod (center to center) =
explosion pressuer shortly after dead centre
300 mm Speed = 1500 rpm , FOS = 7, Max
2
= 3.5 N/mm2.
explosive pressure = 3.5 N/mm , Density of Rod
17. A connecting rod ie required to be designed
material = 8000 Kg/ m3
for a high speed, four stroke I.C engine. The
Yield stress in compression = 330 MPa.
following data may be assumed.(UPTU-04-05)
14. Find the suitable dimension of cross section of
Diameter of piston = 88 mm, stroke = 125
the connecting rod under gas load and check the
mm, length of connecting rod (centre to
design under interia load due to self weight of
centre) = 300 mm, engine speed = 2200
the connecting rod (UPTU- 2003-04)
r.p.m (when developing 50 kW),
Cylinder diameter = 110 mm, Stroke = 160 mm
compression ratio = 6.8:1, maximum
Length of connecting rod= 360 mm, Power= 10 2
explosion pressure = 3.5 N/mm .
kW at 800 r.p.m, Max explosion pressure = 2.2
18. Design a center type crank shaft for 4 stroke
N/mm2 at T.D.C, Gas pressure at max torque
I.C engine with the following data.
position = 1.2 N/mm2 at θ=400, Mass of
Cylinder diameter = 110 mm, stroke = 160 mm,
reciprocating parts = 2 kg
length of connecting rod =360 mm, power = 10
Density of connecting rod = 7.2 kg per 1000 cm3
kW at 800 r.p.m , maximum explosion pressure
= 2.2 N/mm2 at TDC, mass of reciprocating Always remember during Designing of
parts = 2 kg, density of connecting rod = 7.2 kg Connecting Rod.
per 1000 cm3. (UPTU- 2003-04) Note: 1. Material selected for connecting Rod is
nickel Alloy steel 40Ni3 (Syc = 600
2
N/mm ).
2. for H section Iyy = 34.9167 t4, Ixx =
10.9167 t4
where t= web thickness