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Hunting in Synchronous Motor
Under Synchronous Motor
This page is all about:
What is Hunting?
Causes of Hunting in Synchronous Motor
• Effects of Hunting
• Reduction of Hunting
We come across the term HUNTING when we study about three phase
synchronous motor operations. The word hunting is used because after
sudden application of load the rotor has to search or hunt for its new
equilibrium position. That phenomena is referred as hunting in
synchronous motor. Now let us know what is the condition of
equilibrium in synchronous motor.
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A steady state operation of synchronous motor is a condition of
equilibrium in which the electromagnetic torque is equal and opposite to
load torque. In steady state , rotor runs at synchronous speed thereby
maintaining constant value of torque angle (δ).
What is Hunting?
Unloaded synchronous machine has zero degree load angle. On
increasing the shaft load gradually load angle will increase. Let us
consider that load P1 is applied suddenly to unloaded machine shaft so
machine will slow down momentarily. Also load angle (δ) increases from
zero degree and becomes δ1. During the first swing electrical power
developed is equal to mechanical load P1. Equilibrium is not established
so rotor swings further. Load angle exceeds δ1 and becomes δ2. Now
electrical power generated is greater than the previous one. Rotor
attains synchronous speed. But it does not stay in synchronous speed
and it will continue to increase beyond synchronous speed. As a result
of rotor acceleration above synchronous speed the load angle
decreases. So once again no equilibrium is attained. Thus rotor swings
or oscillates about new equilibrium position. This phenomenon is known
as hunting or phase swinging.
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Causes of Hunting in Synchronous Motor
1. Sudden change in load.
2. Sudden change in field current.
3. A load containing harmonic torque.
4. Fault in supply system.
Effects of Hunting in Synchronous Motor
Search
1. It may lead to loss of synchronism.
2. Produces mechanical stresses.
3. Increases machine losses and cause temperature rise.
4. Cause greater surges in current and power flow.
Reduction of Hunting in Synchronous Motor
Two techniques should be used to reduce hunting. These are –
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Use of Damper Winding : It consists of low electrical resistance
copper / aluminium brush embedded in slots of pole faces in salient
pole machine. Damper winding damps out hunting by producing
torque opposite to slip of rotor. The magnitude of damping torque is
proportional to the slip speed.
Use of Flywheels : The prime mover is provided with a large and
heavy flywheel. This increases the inertia of prime mover and helps
in maintaining the rotor speed constant.
Designing synchronous machine with suitable synchronizing
power coefficients.
Objective Questions on Hunting in Synchronous Motor
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