Contents

Part A...........................................................................................................................................................1
In your view, has globalization changed International Business in a big way? Elaborate............................1
Briefly describe the Porter’s Theory of ‘Competitive Advantage’. Give examples of some
countries/products in the export business..................................................................................................3
Part B...........................................................................................................................................................4
3.In an era of globalization, firms build cross-border alliances or international strategic alliances (ISAs) to
achieve certain strategic objectives, such as knowledge creation, with the help of overseas partners (Fang
& Zou, 2010; Kogut, 1988; Shenkar & Li, 1999; Thorelli, 1986). Working with partners complicates the
operation of such alliances, however, particularly when the partner firms come from countries with very
different cultures, institutions, and levels of economic development (Ghemawat, 2001; Gupta &
Govindarajan, 2000; Nachum & Zaheer, 2005)”.........................................................................................4
To what extent do you agree with this statement?.......................................................................................4
4As the CEO of a multinational company called Pathfinders International Incorporated which deals with
a wide variety of food and beverage, how do you propose to address the issues mentioned in the
statement above in your global marketing strategies?.............................................................................10
REFERENCES...........................................................................................................................................14

Part A
Question ( 1 )

In your view, has globalization changed International

Business in a big way? Elaborate.

Answer

For my view, Globalization is a procedure of interplay and integration amongst the people,
companies, and governments of extraordinary nations, a procedure pushed via worldwide trade
and investment and aided via facts technology. This procedure has effects on the environment,
on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human bodily
well-being in societies around the world.
Globalization is now not new, though. From many year ago, people and, later, corporations have
been shopping for from and promoting to each different in lands at excellent distances, such as
through the famed Silk Road across Central Asia that related China and Europe in the course of
the Middle Ages. Likewise, for centuries, human beings and firms have invested in businesses in
different countries. In fact, many of the points of the present day wave of globalization are
similar to those prevailing before the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.

But coverage and technological trends of the previous few decades have spurred increases in
cross-border trade, investment, and migration so large that many observers consider the world
has entered a qualitatively new section in its economic development. Since 1950, for example,
the volume of world alternate has increased through 20 times, and from simply 1997 to 1999
flows of foreign funding almost doubled, from $468 billion to $827 billion. Distinguishing this
modern wave of globalization from previously ones, writer Thomas Friedman has stated that
nowadays globalization is “farther, faster, cheaper, and deeper.”

Technology has been the other predominant driver of globalization. Advances in data
technology, in particular, have dramatically modified financial life. Information applied sciences
have given all kinds of character monetary actors—consumers, investors, businesses valuable
new equipment for identifying and pursuing economic opportunities, inclusive of quicker and
greater informed analyses of financial tendencies around the world, convenient transfers of
assets, and collaboration with far-flung partners.

Globalization leads to improved competition. This opposition can be related to product and
provider price and price, goal market, technological adaptation, speedy response, quick
production by way of companies etc. When an employer produces with much less fee and sells
cheaper, it is capable to make bigger its market share.

Customers have a massive multitude of picks in the market and this affects their behaviors: they
prefer to gather items and services quickly and in an extra environment friendly way than before.
They also expect excessive best and low prices. All these expectations want a response from the
company, in any other case sales of agency will reduce and they will lose earnings and market
share. A company must usually be ready for price, product and provider and patron preferences
because all of these are world market requirements.
Globalization is deeply controversial, however. Proponents of globalization argue that it
approves terrible countries and their citizens to develop economically and increase their
standards of living, whilst opponents of globalization declare that the introduction of an
unfettered international free market has benefited multinational companies in the Western world
at the fee of local enterprises, local cultures, and common people. Resistance to globalization has
therefore taken shape both at a famous and at a governmental stage as human beings and
governments attempt to control the flow of capital, labor, goods, and thoughts that constitute the
present day wave of globalization.

To discover the right balance between benefits and charges related with globalization, citizens of
all nations want to understand how globalization works and the coverage alternatives facing
them and their societies.

Question No.2

Briefly describe the Porter’s Theory of ‘Competitive

Advantage’. Give examples of some countries/products in
the export business.
Answer:

In 1985, Harvard Business School instructor Michael Porter expressed "High ground.". He made
it to help associations with making a viable compelling ideal position. Simply because of the
truth an affiliation is the market boss as of now, would not propose it will be until the finish of
time. An affiliation need to clarify targets, frameworks, and exercises to construct affordable
mighty piece of space. The association way of life and estimations of the laborers should be in
course of action with these goals.

They are esteem organization, detachment, and center intrigue. Guard apparent these frameworks
by methods for finding a few associations.

Gatekeeper's rule of the high ground of nations offers an unassuming instrument for offset power
with all of its proposals. Porter's speculation provides for gratefulness the forceful expansion of
overall zones in worldwide trade and age.
Cost authority limit affiliations grant life like cost at a decrease cost. Firms do this by strategies
for continually improving operational capability. That routinely potential paying their laborers
less. Some make up for lower pay through showing tricky inclinations, for instance, venture
openings, advantages, or restricted time openings. Others take increment of uncouth work
surpluses. As these associations create, they can get from economies of scale and purchase in
mass. Walmart and Costco are top examples of cost organization.

A US of America can in like manner make high ground. It's suggested as national centered
preferred position or comparative piece of slack. For example, China uses esteem authority. It
tolls lower assessed things at a veritable looking quality level. It can do this on account of the
truth its well known of living is lower, so it can pay its workers less. It moreover fixes the
estimation of its money, the yuan, to a detriment lower than the dollar.

India started as a cost manager in any case is moving towards detachment. It presents gifted,
specific, English-talking delegates at a careful remuneration. Japan in addition changed its high
ground. During the 1960s, it used to be a value boss that surpassed desires at lower esteemed
devices. By the 1980s, it had climbed to partition in quality brands, for instance, Lexus.

Part B
3.In an era of globalization, firms build cross-border alliances or international strategic alliances
(ISAs) to achieve certain strategic objectives, such as knowledge creation, with the help of
overseas partners (Fang & Zou, 2010; Kogut, 1988; Shenkar & Li, 1999; Thorelli, 1986).
Working with partners complicates the operation of such alliances, however, particularly when
the partner firms come from countries with very different cultures, institutions, and levels of
economic development (Ghemawat, 2001; Gupta & Govindarajan, 2000; Nachum & Zaheer,
2005)”

To what extent do you agree with this statement?

Overall business is a hugely relevant part of the bleeding edge economy, and will simply end up
being logically planned into focus business procedure as development continues progressing.
Worldwide business is fundamentally the summation of each and every business trade that occur
between various countries (crossing political breaking points). This isn't just limited to the
territory of business, as NGOs, governments, and coops moreover work across over country
borders with an arrangement of objectives (next to fundamental profit).
From a business perspective, the basic officeholder in an overall business condition is the overall
endeavor (MNE), which is an association that looks for after crucial achievement in overall
creation and arrangements (for instance working inside different country edges). The amount of
examples of this kind of firm is continually creating. From reasonable evolved ways of life like
McDonald's to vehicle makers like Honda to wireless modelers like Samsung, the amount of
worldwide players in numerous business sectors is consistently on the rising.

Why Expand Globally?

Overall augmentation is costly and complex. To adjust these costs and perils, affiliations must
have strong clarifications behind working up an overall system. These purposes behind the most
part fit (in any event one) of the going with three key zones:

• Global Concentration – Depending upon the forceful union of a given industry in a given
territory, it may look good to enter a market where contention is reasonably uncommon (and
solicitation is high).

• Global Synergies – Some affiliations have astoundingly made capacities that are viably
scaled. In these conditions, overall expansion suggests standard coordinated effort.

• Global Strategic Motivations – Other clarifications behind expansion to a given country

may exist purposely, for instance, developing new sourcing areas for creation or increasing
imperative assets in a given region.

Outside Factors Impacting Expansion

Overall improvement can be an extreme and complex procedure. Before considering such a basic
key move, the officials must check the external factors that will influence achievement during an
overall advancement. These include:

• Socio-social: The social state of a given locale can altogether influence accomplishment.
Sustenance associations are significantly influenced by this – certain social orders support
specific sorts of nourishment sources.

• Geographic/Environmental - For example, skiing rigging may not do so well in locale

without vacation day mountains. Oil associations can simply source oil from resource rich
areas.
• Legal/Political – Some countries have high checks to section, complex obligation rates, or
conceivably dubious regulatory practices. Straightforwardness of cooperating is essential
here.

• Economic – The lifestyle is interesting in connection to region to locale, and seeing the
estimation of a given market similar to spending power, cash, and market size is fundamental
to picking improvement.

• Technology – Access to web, control, clean water and a combination of other mechanical
conditions must be viewed as going before entry if the various leveled exercises rely upon
straightforward access.

Checking the preferences and impediments of entering a given clarification, and figuring
foreseen earnings, costs, and required paces of gainfulness are central budgetary
examinations to entering another worldwide market

As the obscure realist once watched, "You're either creating or your shrinking". Regardless,
growing effectively and well is a business masterpiece. All advancement must start from an
organization's capacity to create. This point of confinement can be viewed as capacity and
money. After some time, strong firms increment fundamental learning and capacities. Despite
whether these are in the pioneers of a single individual specialist or the total data of a super
organization, matters not. What has any kind of effect is the rate at which these aptitudes can be
applied to passing on things or organizations, and also as critical the rate at which these
capacities can be effectively moved to other individuals. New methodologies and new
advancement can improve the speed of tending to customer needs, and are unprecedented spots
to start in case you are ties to grow improvement limit. Everything considered, sometime you
will undoubtedly land at a point where you have to utilize more people. Directly we enter the
most problematic field.

Enrolling new people raises an enormous gathering of issues. If we agreement experienced

people to deal with our customers, by what strategy will we have the alternative to proceed with
our corporate perspective (outlooks, feelings, and sentiments)? If we secure natural individuals,
to what degree and hard will it be to present "our course" and make it stick. Besides, there are
helpful cutoff focuses on improvement depending upon the size of your business. Unmistakably,
in case you are little and have only a solitary customer, including a consequent customer gives
you a huge improvement rate. In any case, when an association comes to $500 million or so the
most outrageous possible advancement rate is something under 25 percent. The people who
endeavor to push that number continually fall, to a great extent with stunning results. Why? If
you endeavor to incorporate into overabundance of 25 percent new people to your association in
a given year you will nibble up a great deal of time getting ready and working with the natural
individuals or you will have acquired experienced individuals who will take your customer
associations in places you would incline toward not to go. In case you are in a help business this
25 percent productive advancement rate obstruction can apply to associations as meager as 50
customer going up against delegates.

Scaled down scale top associations face other advancement issues. Getting the primary delegate
brings account charges, workers pay, and certain work laws in to play. Pass the 25 specialist
point of confinement, and you will go under Title VII of the social correspondence act, which
will definitely influence your business practices (how you secure, fire, advance, and reward your
delegates). By then get your first concurrence with the Federal government and you are reliant
upon various additional noteworthy necessities. Most of this incorporates a fundamental yet
indistinct postpone your ability to build up your business.

By then geography puts certain controls on improvement. Open an ensuing region and you
should have two executives since you can't before long be in two places right away. Set up or
buy a movement in another city and you are looking different codes and rules to learn. Move into
another state and you have a very surprising game plan of obligations and laws to oversee. Open
a branch in a remote country and you can hurl in social issues, similarly as new laws and
customs. Some feel that its less difficult to simply buy related associations in various markets,
anyway acquiring a business has its own one of a kind unique course of action of activities and
may show comparatively as outrageous to oversee.

Most of the above expect that the association is broadening its present business thing or
organization bargains. Regardless, some to develop by moving into various districts along their
store arrange. For example, if you have a fix movement you may open a segments division, or
conceivably sell the new apparatus as well. Others may feel that they can get and insignificant
business, particularly if the expense is right, unite back office limits and make the two
associations continuously beneficial. At times the best advancement way is legitimately before
you and you've been ignoring it. One of my customers relates the going with story: For months
she was getting calls inquisitive regarding whether she sold an item offering that was in a related
business. For a serious long time she brilliantly sent these customers up the way to another firm
who dealt with the line. By then it jumped out at her that she was giving business away. So she
took on a load of thing and pushed a second compelling business. So this conveys us to the most
huge improvement standard of all: check out your customers and they will show you the bearing
you need to create

Business isn't driven in a vague style from culture to culture. Subsequently, business relations are
improved when authoritative, arrangements, and particular work power are set up to think about
districts subject to make correspondence difficulties and battle transversely over social orders. In
like manner, overall correspondence is invigorated when masters can imagine domains of shared
trademark. Finally, business all things considered is improved when people from different social
orders find better approaches to manage old issues, making courses of action by combining
social perspectives and making sense of how to see issues from the point of view of others.

ETHNOCENTRISM

Issues in business correspondence drove transversely over social orders consistently rise when
individuals from one culture can't see socially chose differences in correspondence practices,
traditions, and thought dealing with. At the most chief level, issues may happen when in any
event one of the people included adheres to an ethnocentric point of view on the most ideal
approach to lead business. Ethnocentrism is the conviction that one's own get-together is by
somehow normally superior to other people.

It is definitely not hard to express that ethnocentrism just impacts the fanatic or those clueless of
various social orders, as is most likely not going to be a principle thought in one's own one of
 a kind business correspondence. Anyway challenges due to a misguided judgment of
segments in multifaceted correspondence may impact even enlightened

References

"Cross Cultural Training Seen as Essential for Foreign Operations." Asia Africa Intellegence
Wire. 8 August 2005.

Gardenswartz, Lee, and Anita Rowe. "Cross-Cultural Awareness." HRMagazine. March 2001.

Jandt, Fred E. Intercultural Communications. Sage Publications, Inc., 2003.

Lieberman, Simma, Kate Berardo, and George F. Simons. Putting Diversity to Work. Thomson
Crisp Learning, 2003.

Moon, Chris J., and Peter Wooliams. "Managing Cross-Cultural Business Ethics." Journal of
Business Ethics. September 2000.

Zakaria, Norhayati. "The Effects of Cross-Cultural Training on the Acculturation Process of the
Global Workforce." International Journal of Manpower. June 2000.
Globally, every business is on a wild race to acquire more and more, mostly by short cut means.
In the process of acquiring, they are doing the things which are not acceptable by society. This
brings out the need of ethics in business. Ethics is an everyday occurrence in as one's personal
life as well as in corporate world. Business ethics examines ethical principles and moral or
ethical problems that arise in a business environment. Due to the globalization of markets and
production processes, an ever increasing number of marketers and business organizations have to
deal with ethical issues in cross-cultural settings.”

4As the CEO of a multinational company called

Pathfinders International Incorporated which deals with a
wide variety of food and beverage, how do you propose
to address the issues mentioned in the statement above
in your global marketing strategies?
(The Business & Management Review, Volume 5, Number 4, January 20

Over the span of late years, globalization of business segments and business affiliations has
extended the amount of specialists and corporate authorities drew in with all inclusive and
overall joint undertakings and indispensable agreements. Others are enthusiastic about direct
premiums in remote markets attempting to widen private exercises, increase net incomes, and
expand bits of the general business. While these indispensable business exercises and attempts
are logically appealing a consequence of their potential favorable circumstances, affiliations
fighting in overall markets need to face up to the realitiesof taking steps to fitting good measures
and social commitment in different and all inclusive settings of business.This paper separates the
centrality of keeping up a raised degree of ethics in an overall marketplacein solicitation to battle
successfully and to help customer reliability. Studies exhibit that domesticor close by conditions
and wants move in overall displaying circumstances because of culturaldifferences and
characteristics; thusly, it is essentially basic to get an ethical procedure that isconsistent with
overall business practice that can improve legitimacy, corporate picture, and give acompetitive
piece of space

Introduction

In the twenty-first century centered business condition, family unit and overall affiliations
areplacing a high premium on moral fundamental authority and on imperative advancing
correspondence thatreflect corporate social obligation and commendable key strategies.
Specialists (Murphy et al., 2005)emphasize that the authenticity of affiliations is connected with
the idea of correspondence it dissipates tostakeholders. Examining ethically with customers,
prompting them viably about the quality and substance of things and organizations, is huge for
supporting brand steadfastness, purchaser faithfulness, and whole deal customerretention. The
worldwide business focus has ended up being dynamically engaged that relationship (for-
advantage and not-for-advantage) are by and by endeavoring to expand and proceed with their
bit of the general business and net income. These affiliations arefaced with the trial of meeting
the wants for various accomplices who rely upon the information providedto make buying
decisions.The consistent dialog among researchers (Shaw, 1997; Schwepker and Hartline, 2005)
is that businessorganizations fighting in the overall displaying conditions should show their
ethical duty byensuring that their proposed intrigue gatherings get viable information concerning
thing substance and limits. For

model, the International Chamber of Commerce (the world's business organization) dependably
propels highstandards of business ethics through the improvement and dispersal of exhaustive
measures, including specificguidelines and codes on how affiliations should coordinate their vital
methodologies and activities the world over toensure that exhibiting messages are competent,
reliable, and moral.

Studies (Kennedy et al., 2001; Futrell, 2002) express that key and reliable publicizing messages
shouldbe expected to assist clients with purchasing the quality and kind of things they really
need. For instance, a sound advancing message should coordinate a purchaser's choice in picking
sustenance and refreshment things and in evaluating the activity of sustenance, diet, and physical
activity in strong styles. The Direct Selling Education Foundation (2009)reported that the
International Chamber of Commerce proposed the necessity for relationship to make
efficientadvertising messages that are solid with extraordinary sustenance, diet, and individual
choices. By doing this, organizationsplay a fundamental activity in working up trusting and
suffering relationship with buyers and will in the long run get theirconfidence.In the latest
decade, the overall sustenance and drink system has put extending complement on customers'
eating regimens, prosperity and health, and physical activity.

This customer centered obligation has achieved thedevelopment of a framework for trustworthy
sustenance and refreshment displaying message that is self-guided andmonitored.Further, as
upheld by the Direct Selling Education Foundation (2009), self-rule serves the excitement of
clients and various accomplices of relationship by turning away false and deceiving publicizing
claims.Consistently, ask about shows that accurate promoting correspondence, guided without
any other individual's info rule, is honestly expected and required to fight effectively in the
present overall business focus. Promoting specialists (Murphy, 1999; Paganot al, 2005)
explained that a proficient displaying message is a basic legitimate duty as it helpsconsumers to
choose fitting choices about things and organizations and to avoid negative post-purchase
reactions.To an immense degree, pre-purchase and post-puchase client decision and evaluation is
the consequence of marketingcommunication.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY In the wake of globalization, overall business pros

and publicizing researchers (Lawrence and Weber, 2011;Abela and Murphy, 2008; Kotler, 2004)
have highlighted the prerequisite for certified correspondences with affiliations' accomplices in
order to achieve social incredible and money related goals at the same time. It is seen that an
undertaking by endeavors to develop bit of the pie and by and large incomes, to the impediment
of their buyers, deals their dependability and spots them at a forceful weight in the overall
markets. The possibility of corporate social obligation has transformed into an essential focus as
affiliations extend their extents far past their nearby environment. Undoubtedly, associations
with reinforcements and joint undertakings in various countries of the globe should lead their
associations in habits that improve or add to the flourishing of social requests in which they are
doing business.As considers by Pagano, Pagano, and Lundin (2003) pushed, being socially
careful is a duty that overall organizations are required to get a handle on in order to remain
centered. As associations discover the associations in outside countries, it has transformed into
an inside key essential to position and separate themselves as ethically proficient and submitted
to assemble their overall force. With respect to this perspective, O'Sullivan and Abela (2007)
and Lawrence and Weber (2011) express that to pull in and hold overall buyers, proceed with
brand reliability, and beat contenders, affiliations ought to refrain from searching for over the top
advantages that hurt their accomplices, undermine their arranging frameworks, and lessen their
legitimacy. In the contemporary business setting, business accomplishment is evaluated by
advancement and expansion in overall markets and by the ability to rehearse what makers
Lawrence and Weber (2011) portray as "corporate power and obligation."

Investigators (O'Sullivan et al.,2007) blame deceitful vital methodologies for different business
approaches and systems required by globalization, which make fighting affiliations applying
different checks, rules, and rules. Various examinations focusing on overall advancing (Ferrell,
2004; Schwepker etal., 2005) saw that ethical encroachment are bored by relationship without
decency and extraordinary picture. Their basic focus is to mishandle purchasers with lie, trickery,
and bends of thing content. Considering examination of key strategies across over affiliations,
Murphy et al. (2005) and Snyder and Showm (2011)determined that legitimate business ethics
should incorporate high great standards, unsurprising progressive targets, and indispensable
decisions in publicizing items and dares to purchasers, including the choice of channels and
rousing power bargains headway. While the present private and overall publicizing conditions
have been exceedingly competitive,especially with new things and organizations in various
undertakings, it is exceedingly significant that affiliations should dowhat is legitimately for their
customers.

Fundamentally, bargains should be driven by moral characteristics and great rules, and customers
should be accurately taught all together that they can choose extraordinary purchase decisions.
Research findings(Waddock, 2002; Griffin and Erbert, 2006) exhibit that post-purchase
comprehension of specific purchasers has not solely been baffling a consequence of dependable
guile and trickiness that have depicted advancing endeavors, anyway has really crippled buyers
from trusting in displaying information and messages. For example, making under "Truth in
publicizing," Rados (2009) saw that Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) advancing of expertly
recommended prescriptions was used in the United States and in various bits of the world. While
this direct hashelped inside and out in reminding patients to get their meds finished off on plan
and guided them with medicate regimens, it is an ethical obligation of relationship to ensure that
customers (patients) are not tricked by exploitative extraordinary messages and data.In late
decades, arrangements and publicizing have been seen as fundamental business limits blamed for
the commitment of interfacing with accomplices, raising their care about thing attributes, and
working up legitimate inspirational frame of mind. Further, inspects across over organization and
exhibiting disciplines (Waddock, Bodwsell, &Graves, 2002; Altham, 2001) stress that
affiliations that need to make themselves continuously engaged and significant in the new overall
economy ought to dependably use good educating so their customers can choose extraordinary
thing decisions. Achievement in the overall business focus ought to never again be belittled
considering the way that target audiencesand market segments of the twenty-first century are
better taught and found out about client rights and wants. It should, along these lines, be seen that
purchasers are inclined to help also

REFERENCES
Abela, A.V & Murphy, P. E. (2008).

  Journal of Academic Marketing Journal Science

, 36:39-53.2.

  Altham, J. (2001). Business Ethics versus Corporate Social Responsibility: Competing or

ComplimentaryApproaches? Environics International Limited, The Prince of Wales Business
Leaders Forum and theConference Board, International Business Ethics Institute, Washington,
D.C:www.business-ethics.org. 3.

  Direct Selling Education Foundation (2009). The Business Ethics Forum, The University of
Texas atArlington, College of Business, October 15-16.4.

  Ferrell, O.C. (2004). Business and Customer Satisfaction.

  Academy of Management Executive

, 18, Number2 (May), pages 126-129.5.

 

Futrell, C. M. (2002).

Fundamentals of Selling: Customers for Life

, 7th Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill.6.

Griffin, W.W. & Ebert, R. J. (2006).Business. 8th Edition. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River:
New Jersey.7.

Kennedy, M.S., Ferrell, L.K. and Leclair, D.T. (2001) “Customers Trust of Salesperson and
Manufacturer:An Empirical Study,” Journal of Business Research, 51: 73-86.8.

Kotler, P (2004).Marketing Management , (November/December), American Marketing

Association, pp.30-35.9.

Manning, G. L. and Reece, B. L. (2004).Selling Today, 9thEdition, Prentice Hall: New

Jersey.10.

Morgan, R.M. & Hunt, S.D. (1994). “The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship
Marketing.”

  Journalof Marketing, volume 58, pp. 20-38.11.

Murphy, P. E. (1999). Character and Virtue Ethics in International Marketing: A Agenda for
Managers,Researchers, and Educators.  Journal of Business Ethics, 18, 107-124.12.

 
Murphy, P. E., & Laczniak, G. R. (1981). Marketing Ethics: A Review with Implications for
Managers,Educators, and Researchers. In B. M. Enis & K. J. Roering (Eds.),Review of
Marketing, Chicago:American Marketing Association.13.

O’Sullivan, D., & Abela, A. V. (2007). Marketing Performance Measurement Ability and
FirmPerformance. Journal of Marketing, 71, 79-93.

Pagano, B., Pagano, E., & Lundin, S. (2003).The Transparency Edge: How Credibility Can
Make or  Break You in Business. New York: McGraw-Hill.15.

Rado, C. (2004). Truth in Advertising: Rx Drug Ads Come of Age.FDA Consumer  ,

July/August.16.

Shaw, R. B. (1997).Trust in Balance: Building Successful Organizations on Results, Integrity,

and  Concern. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.17.

Schwepker, C. H., & Hartline, M. D. (2005). Managing the Ethical Climate of Customer-
Contact ServiceEmployees. Journal of Service Research, 7(4), 377.18.

Shwom, B. & Gueldenzoph Snyder, L (2012) Business Communication: Polishing Your

ProfessionalPresence. New York: Pearson Publishers, Inc.19.

Waddock, S. A., Bodwell, C., & Graves, S. B. (2002). Responsibility: The New Business
Imperative.  Academy of Management Executive, 16(2), 132.20.
 

Wernerfelt, B (1996, May). Efficient Marketing Communication: Helping the Customer Learn.

  Journal of  Marketing Research.Volume xxxiii, 239-246.

http://www.globalization101.org/what-is-globalization/

https://bookboon.com/blog/2011/10/how-globalization-affects-business/

https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-competitive-advantage-3-strategies-that-work-3305828