RECITATIO

N
 WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY- PHILIPPINES
A METHODIST AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY

MY
PORTFOLIO
in
STATISTICS
and
PROBABILITY
3RD GRADING

SUBMITTED BY:
ALYANNA DAPHNE M. OLITA
11 – ABM EUCLID

SUBMITTED TO:
MRS. ESTRELITA P.
REYES
 Random Experiment can lead to one of several possible outcomes. The
outcomes must be collectively exhaustive means the possible outcome must be
included or mutually excusive means that no outcomes can occur at the same time.

Sample space is the list of all possible outcome of an event and each outcome is
called sample point and the total number of the sample point is called cardinality.
Event is any subset of sample space.

Probability is a numerical measure of the likehood of the occurrence of an

event. There are two ways of assigning the probability of an event; classical
probability approach and empirical probability or relative frequency approach.
Classical probability approach is used to determine the probability associated with
games of chances while Relative frequency approach is a method of finding the
probability that is based from cumulated historical data.
In computing the probability of an event, counting techniques may be used to
determine the total number of possible outcome in a random experiment. It can be
Fundamental counting principle, permutation and combination.

In addition rule of probability, events can either be mutually exclusive wherein

two events does not have any sample point in common or non-mutually exclusive
wherein there are at least one common element or point of intersection.
FORMULA:

MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE
P ( A ∪ B ) =P ( A )+ P( B)

NON-MUTUALLY EXCLUSSIVE

P ( A ∪ B ) =P ( A )+ P ( B )−P( A ∩ B)

In multiplication rule of probability, two events are said to be independent

events if the information of first event does not change the probability of another
event.
FORMULA:

P ( A ∩ B )=P ( A ) ∙ P(B)
NARRATIVE REPORT 3rd QUARTER

In this third quarter, I’ve learned about the history of statistics, it’s Latin word
status and Italian word statista which means “political state” or “government”, it’s
modern Latin word statisticum collegium means “council of state”. Statistics was
develop in early 19th Century, and the father of modern statistics is Ronald Fisher, a
british statistician and biologist. Yule, a pioneer statistician, and according to him
Baron was the first person who used statistics in his book entitled “The Elements of
Universal Erudition” in 1770.

Statistics is a branch of science that deals with the collection, presentation,

analysis and interpretation of data, and also a branch of mathematics that deals with
cooperating, organizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting data. There are two
branches of statistics: descriptive which is concerned in collecting, describing and
analyzing the data while inferential is concerned with the analysis, its main purpose is
to make conclusion or prediction.

Population is the totality while Sample is just a part of the portion of

population. Variable is a characteristics that may take on a different values. It has five
classification; Independent, dependent, intervening, control and moderator.
Independent Variable is a variable that affects the dependent variable and dependent
variable is a variable that are being affected by independent variable. Intervening
Variable is a variable whose existence is inferred but can’t always be manipulated or
measured. Control Variable is a variable whose effects are determined by the
researcher. Moderator Variable is a variable that may or may not be controlled but has
an effect on the research situation.

A variable maybe continuous or discrete variable. Continuous Variable is a

variable that may progress from one value to the next value and in general
measurements while Discrete Variable is a variable that do not progress from one
value to the next value and it take specific values only. And discrete variable can be
Nominal Variable wherein the values are there to show categorization or classes or
groupings in a specific variable or it can be Ordinal Variable wherein variables may
be ranked, when order is needed.

N
Sample size uses the formula of Solvin’s Equation n= wherein N is
1+ N e 2
for the population, n is the sample size and e for the margin of error.

Stratefied Sampling selects a sample when the population is segmented into

groups or sections called stratification or strata. You will compute the sample size, the
sampling portion and then you will draw a table.