Cadbury plc 

is a British confectionery company, the industry's second-largest globally after the combined Mars-

Wrigley.[2] Headquartered in Cadbury House in the Uxbridge Business Park in Uxbridge, London Borough of
Hillingdon, England and formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange, Cadbury was acquired by Kraft Foods in
February 2010. The company was an ever-present constituent of the FTSE 100 from the index's 1984 inception until
its 2010 takeover.[3][4]

The firm was known as "Cadbury Schweppes plc" from 1969 until a May 2008 demerger, which saw the separation of
its global confectionery business from its U.S. beverage unit, which has been renamed Dr Pepper Snapple Group Inc.

Early history
In 1824, John Cadbury began selling tea, coffee, and drinking chocolate, which he produced himself, at Bull Street
in Birmingham, England. John Cadbury later moved into the production of a variety of Cocoas and Drinking
Chocolates being manufactured from a factory in Bridge Street, supplying mainly to the wealthy due to the high cost of
manufacture at this time. During this time a partnership was struck between John Cadbury and his brother Benjamin.
At this time the company was known as 'Cadbury Brothers of Birmingham'.[6]

The two brothers opened an office in London and in 1854 received the Royal Warrant as manufacturers of chocolate
and cocoa to Queen Victoria. Around this time in the 1850s the industry received a much needed boost with the
reduction in high import taxes on cocoa; this allowed chocolate to become more affordable to everyone.

Due to the popularity of a new expanded product line, including the very popular Cadbury's Cocoa Essence, the
company's success led to the decision in 1873 to cease the trading of tea. Around this time, master confectioner
Frederic Kinchelman was appointed to share his recipe and production secrets with Cadbury, which led to an
assortment of various chocolate covered items.

Having taken over the business in 1861, John Cadbury's sons Richard and George decided in 1878 that they needed
to find new premises. Requiring better transport access for milk that was inward shipped by canal, and cocoa that was
brought in by rail from London, Southampton and Liverpool docks, the Cadbury's started looking for a new greenfield
site. Noticing the development of the Birmingham West Suburban Railway south along the path of the Worcester and
Birmingham Canal, in 1878 they acquired the Bournbrook estate, comprising 14.5 acres (5.9 ha) of countryside
5 miles (8.0 km) south of the outskirts of Birmingham. Located right next to the new Stirchley Road railway station,
itself directly opposite the canal, they renamed the Bournbrook estate to Bournville and opened the Bournville factory
in 1879.

In 1893, George Cadbury bought 120 acres (49 ha) of land close to the works and planned, at his own expense,
a model village which would 'alleviate the evils of modern more cramped living conditions'. By 1900 the estate
included 313 cottages and houses set on 330 acres (130 ha) of land. As the Cadbury family were Quakers there were
no pubs in the estate;[7] in fact, it was their Quaker beliefs that first led them to sell tea, coffee and cocoa as
alternatives to alcohol.[8]

[edit]1900 to 1950s
Somerdale Factory from 1919 merger with Fry's

In 1905, Cadbury's launched its Dairy Milk bar, with a higher proportion of milk than previous chocolate bars, and it
became the company's best selling product by 1913. Fruit and Nut was introduced as part of the Dairy Milk line in
1928, soon followed by Whole Nut in 1933. By this point, Cadbury's was the brand leader in the United Kingdom.
These were accompanied by several other products: Flake (1920), Cream-filled eggs (1923), Crunchie (1929) and
Roses (1938).[9] Cadbury's Milk Tray was first produced in 1915 and continued in production throughout the remainder
of the First World War. More than 2,000 of Cadbury's male employees joined the Armed Forces and to support the
war effort, Cadbury provided clothing, books and chocolate to soldiers. After the war, the Bournville factory was
redeveloped and mass production began in earnest. In 1918, Cadbury opened their first overseas factory
in Hobart, Tasmania and in 1919 undertook a merger with J. S. Fry & Sons, another chocolate manufacturer which
saw the integration of well-known brands such as Fry's Chocolate Cream and Fry's Turkish Delight.[6] DuringWorld
War II, parts of the Bournville factory were turned over to war work, producing milling machines and seats for fighter
aircraft. Workers ploughed football fields in which to plant crops. As chocolate was regarded as an essential food it
was placed under government supervision for the entire war. The wartime rationing of chocolate ended in 1949, and
normal production resumed. Cadbury subsequently built new factories and had an increasing demand for their
products.[6]

[edit]Merger with Schweppes

The Cadbury Schweppes logo used until the demerger in 2008

Cadbury merged with drinks company Schweppes to form Cadbury Schweppes in 1969.[10]

Cadbury Schweppes went on to acquire Sunkist, Canada Dry, Typhoo Tea and more. In the US, Schweppes

Beverages was created and the manufacture of Cadbury confectionery brands were licensed to Hershey's.

Snapple, Mistic and Stewart's (formerly Cable Car Beverage) were sold by Triarc to Cadbury Schweppes in 2000 for
$1.45 billion.[11] In October of that same year, Cadbury Schweppes purchased Royal Crown from Triarc.[12]

[edit]Demerger

In March 2007, it was revealed that Cadbury Schweppes was planning to split its business into two separate entities:
one focusing on its main chocolate and confectionery market; the other on its US drinks business.[13] The demerger
took effect on 2 May 2008, with the drinks business becoming Dr. Pepper Snapple Group Inc.[5] In December 2008 it
was announced that Cadbury was to sell its Australian beverage unit to Asahi Breweries.[14]

[edit]Recent developments
In October 2007, Cadbury announced the closure of the Somerdale Factory, Keynsham, formerly part of Fry's.
Between 500 and 700 jobs were affected by this change. Production transferred to other plants in England and
Poland.[15]

In 2008 Monkhill Confectionery, the Own Label trading division of Cadbury Trebor Bassett was sold to Tangerine
Confectionery for £58million cash. This sale included factories at Pontefract, Cleckheaton and York and a distribution
centre near Chesterfield, and the transfer of around 800 employees.[16]

In mid-2009 Cadbury replaced some of the cocoa butter in their non-UK chocolate products with palm oil. Despite
stating this was a response to consumer demand to improve taste and texture, there was no "new improved recipe"
claim placed on New Zealand labels. Consumer backlash was significant from environmentalists and chocolate lovers.
By August 2009, the company announced that it was reverting to the use of cocoa butter in New Zealand.[17] In
addition, they would source cocoa beans through Fair Trade channels.[18] In January 2010 prospective buyer Kraft
pledged to honour Cadbury's commitment.[19]

[edit]Kraft buyout
On 7 September 2009 Kraft Foods made a £10.2 billion (US$16.2 billion) indicative takeover bid for Cadbury. The
offer was rejected, with Cadbury stating that it undervalued the company.[20] Kraft launched a formal, hostile bid for
Cadbury valuing the firm at £9.8 billion on 9 November 2009.[21] Business Secretary Peter Mandelson warned Kraft not
to try to "make a quick buck" from the acquisition of Cadbury.[22] On 19 January 2010, it was announced that Cadbury
and Kraft Foods had reached a deal and that Kraft would purchase Cadbury for £8.40 per share, valuing Cadbury at
£11.5bn (US$18.9bn). Kraft, which issued a statement stating that the deal will create a "global confectionery leader",
had to borrow £7 billion (US$11.5bn) in order to finance the takeover.[23]

The Hershey Company, based in Pennsylvania, manufactures and distributes Cadbury-branded chocolate (but not its
other confectionery) in the United States and has been reported to share Cadbury's "ethos".[24] Hershey had expressed
an interest in buying Cadbury because it would broaden its access to faster-growing international markets.[25] But on
22 January 2010, Hershey announced that it would not counter Kraft's final offer.[26][27][28]

The acquisition of Cadbury faced widespread disapproval from the British public, as well as groups and organisations
including trade union Unite,[29] who fought against the acquisition of the company which, according to Prime
Minister Gordon Brown, was very important to the British economy.[30] Unite estimated that a takeover by Kraft could
put 30,000 jobs "at risk",[24][31][32] and UK shareholders protested over the Mergers and Acquisitions advisory fees
charged by banks. Cadbury's M&A advisers were UBS, Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley.[33][34]
[35]
 Controversially, RBS, a bank 84% owned by the United Kingdom Government funded the Kraft takeover.[36][37]

On 2 February 2010, Kraft secured over 71% of Cadbury's shares thus finalising the deal.[38] Kraft had needed to
reach 75% of the shares in order to be able to delist Cadbury from the stock market and fully integrate it as part of
Kraft. This was achieved on 5 February 2010, and the company announced that Cadbury shares would be de-listed
on 8 March 2010.[39]

On 3 February 2010, the Chairman Roger Carr, chief executive Todd Stitzer and chief financial officer Andrew
Bonfield all announced their resignations. Stitzer had worked at the company for 27 years.[40]

On 9 February 2010, Kraft announced that they were planning to close the Somerdale Factory, Keynsham, with the
loss of 400 jobs.[41] The management explained that existing plans to move production to Poland were too advanced to
be realistically reversed, though assurances had been given regarding sustaining the plant. Staff at Keynsham
criticised this move, suggesting that they felt betrayed and as if they have been "sacked twice.".[42] On 22 April 2010,
Phil Rumbol, the man behind the famous Gorilla advertisement, is planning to leave the Cadbury company in July
following Kraft's takeover.[43]

In June 2010 the Polish division, Cadbury-Wedel was sold to Lotte of Japan. The European Commission made the
sale a condition of the Kraft takeover. As part of the deal Kraft will keep the Cadbury, Hall's and other brands along
with two plants in Skarbimierz. Lotte will take over the plant in Warsaw along with the E Wedel brand.[44]

[edit]Operations

[edit]United Kingdom
Main article:  Cadbury UK

Cadbury plc also owns Trebor Bassett, Fry's, Maynards and Halls. The confectionery business in the UK is
called Cadbury UK (formerly Cadbury Trebor Bassett) and, as of August 2004, had eight factories and 3,000 staff in
the UK. Biscuits bearing the Cadbury brand, such as Cadbury Fingers, are produced under licence by Burton's Foods.
Ice cream based on Cadbury products, like 99 Flake, is made under licence by Frederick's Dairies. Cadbury cakes
and chocolate spread are manufactured under licence by Premier Foods, but the cakes were originally part of
Cadbury Foods Ltd with factories at Blackpole in Worcester and Moreton on the Wirral with distribution depots
throughout the UK.

[edit]Ireland
Main article:  Cadbury Ireland

Cadbury Ireland Limited is a confectionery company in Ireland based in Coolock in Dublin. Cadbury's opened their first
Irish factory in Ossary RD., Dublin in 1933. More than €250 million worth of Cadbury chocolate is produced in Ireland,
is exported every year, bringing Ireland valuable earnings from abroad.

[edit]United States
Main article:  Cadbury Adams

Cadbury plc's presence in the States consists of the confectionery unit Cadbury Adams, manufacturers of gum and
mints but not chocolate. Cadbury merged with Peter Paul in 1978.[45]Ten years later Hershey's acquired the chocolate
business from Cadbury's.[45] Accordingly, although the Cadbury group's chocolate products have been sold in the US
since 1988 under the Cadbury name, the chocolate itself has been manufactured by Hershey's and can be found in
Hershey's chocolate stores. Prior to the May 2008 demerger, the North American business also contained beverage
unit Cadbury Schweppes Americas Beverages. In 1982, Cadbury Schweppes purchased the Duffy-Mott Company.[46]

[edit]Australia and New Zealand

On 27 February 2009 the confectionery and beverages businesses of Cadbury Schweppes Pty Ltd in Australia were
formally separated and the beverages business began operating as Schweppes Australia Pty Ltd. In April 2009,
Schweppes Australia was acquired by Asahi Breweries.[47]

Cadbury also operate three Australian confectionery factories as well as one in New Zealand; two
in Melbourne, Victoria (Ringwood and Scoresby), one in Hobart, Tasmania (Claremont), and one in Dunedin, New
Zealand. The Claremont factory was once a popular tourist attraction and operated daily tours; however, the factory
ceased running full tours mid-2008, citing health and safety reasons.[48] Cadbury has been upgrading its manufacturing
facility at Claremont, Tasmania, Australia, since 2001 [49]

[edit]India

Cadbury began its operations in India in 1948 by importing chocolates. It now has manufacturing facilities in Thane,
Induri (Pune) and Malanpur (Gwalior), Bangalore and Baddi (Himachal Pradesh) and sales offices in New
Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai. The corporate head office is in Mumbai. Since 1965 Cadbury has also
pioneered the development of cocoa cultivation in India. For over two decades, Cadbury has worked with the Kerala
Agriculture University to undertake cocoa research.[50]

[edit]Executive compensation
In 2008 Todd Stitzer, Cadbury's CEO, was paid a £2,665,000 bonus. Combined with his annual salary of £985,000
and other payments of £448,000 this gives a total remuneration of over £4 million.[51]
[edit]Accounting

In July 2007, Cadbury Schweppes announced that it would be outsourcing its transactional accounting and order
capture functions to Shared Business Services (SBS) centres run by a company called Genpact, (a businesses
services provider) in India, China, and Romania. This was to affect all business units and be associated with U.S. and
UK functions being transferred to India by the end of 2007, with all units transferred by mid-2009. Depending on the
success of this move, other accounting Human Resources functions may follow. This development is likely to lead to
the loss of several hundred jobs worldwide, but also to several hundred jobs being created, at lower salaries
commensurate with wages paid in developing countries.[52]

[edit]Products

Main article:  List of Cadbury products

Cadbury plc manufactures chocolates and sweets such as the popular Cadbury Dairy Milk.

Notable product introductions include:

 1865: Cocoa Essence
 1875: Easter Eggs
 1897: Milk Chocolate
 1897: Cadbury Fingers
 1905: Dairy Milk
 1908: Bournville Chocolate
 1915: Milk Tray
 1920: Flake
 1923: Creme Egg
 1929: Crunchie
 1938: Roses
 1948: Fudge
 1960: Dairy Milk Buttons
 1968: Picnic
 1970: Curly Wurly
 1974: Snack
 1983: Wispa (relaunched 2007)
 1985: Boost
 1987: Twirl
 1992: Time Out
 1996: Fuse
 2001: Brunch Bar, Dream and Snowflake
 2010: Cadbury dairy milk silk (richer, finer milk chocolate), Wispa Gold (originally launched 1995, relaunched
for trial period 2009 and made permanent in 2010) and Dairy Milk Bliss
[edit]Health and safety
[edit]2006 Salmonella scare
On 19 January 2006, Cadbury Schweppes detected a rare strain of the Salmonella bacteria, affecting seven of its
products, said to have been caused by a leaking pipe. The leak occurred at its Marlbrook plant, in Herefordshire,
which produces chocolate crumb mixture; the mixture is then transported to factories at Bournville and Somerdale to
be turned into milk chocolate.[53]

Cadbury Schweppes officially notified the Food Standards Agency, shortly after which it recalled more than a million
chocolate bars.[53]

In December 2006, the company announced that the cost of dealing with the contamination would reach £30 million.[54]
[55]

In April 2007, Birmingham City Council announced that it would be prosecuting Cadbury Schweppes in relation to
three alleged offences of breaching health and safety legislation. An investigation being carried out at that time
by Herefordshire Council led to a further six charges being brought.[54] The company pleaded guilty to all nine charges,
[56][57]
 and was fined 1 million pounds at Birmingham Crown Court—the sentencing of both cases was brought together.
[58]
 Analysts have said the fine is not material to the group, with mitigating factors limiting the fine being that the
company quickly admitted its guilt and said it had been mistaken that the infection did not pose a threat to health.[58]

[edit]2007 recalls
On 10 February 2007, Cadbury announced they would be recalling a range of products due to a labelling error. The
products were produced in a factory handling nuts, potential allergens, but this was not made clear on the packaging.
As a precaution, all items were recalled.[59]

On 14 September 2007, Cadbury Schweppes investigated a manufacturing error over allergy warning, recalling for the
second time in two years thousands of chocolate bars. A Printing mistake at Somerdale Factory resulted in the
omission of tree nut allergy labels from 250 g Dairy Milk Double Chocolate bars.[60]

[edit]2008

On 29 September 2008 Cadbury withdrew all of its 11 chocolate products made in its three Beijing factories, on
suspicion of contamination with melamine. The recall affected the mainland China markets, Taiwan, Hong Kong and
Australia.[61] Products recalled included Dark Chocolate, a number of products in the 'Dairy Milk' range and Chocolate
Éclairs.[62]

[edit]2009 Hydrogenation
Cadbury continues to use hydrogenated oils in many of its signature products. Although trans fats are present, the
nutrition labels round the values down to zero.[63]

[edit]Head office
Cadbury's head office is the Cadbury House in the Uxbridge Business Park in Uxbridge, London Borough of
Hillingdon, England[64] The Cadbury occupies 84,000 square feet (7,800 m2) of space in its head office, which is
Building 3 of the business park.[65] Cadbury, which leases space in the building it occupies, had relocated from
central London to its current head office.[66]

Cadbury's previous head office was in 25 Berkeley Square in Mayfair, City of Westminster. In 1992 the company
leased the space for £55 per 1 square foot (0.093 m2).[65] In 2002 the company agreed to pay £68.75 per square
foot. The Daily Telegraph reported in 2007 that the rent was expected to increase to a "three-figure sum." In 2007
Cadbury Schweppes had announced that it was moving to Uxbridge to cut costs. As of that year the head office had
200 employees.

The Cadbury family dynasty was started in 1824 by John Cadbury. A devout Quaker, he saw cocoa and chocolate as healthy

alternatives to alcohol. He also led a campaign to prohibit the employment of boys as chimney sweeps, and formed the Animals

Friend Society, the predecessor to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. The same Quaker motivation in his

descendants led to the foundation of Bournville Village in the late 1800s for both Cadbury's factory and its workers, and in turn

inspired his American competitor, Milton S. Hershey, to do the same. [1]

 1801 -- John Cadbury is born. His father was Richard Tapper Cadbury (c. 1768 -- 1860.) Originally Quakers from Exeter,

his parents moved to Birmingham in 1794, and set up a silk and drapery shop, and became quite wealthy. John had nine

brothers and sisters: James, Ann, Maria, Lucretia, Sarah, Emma Joel (1811 -- 1905), Elizabeth Head, Richard, Benjamin

Head, and Joel. Some sources say that no higher education routes were open to John, but that's not quite true: the

Manchester Academy in York (now Manchester-Harris College at Oxford University) was open to religious nonconformists.

In any event, John decided to follow a career in business.

 1818 -- At the age of 17, John apprenticed with a tea dealer in Leeds.

 1824 -- At the age of 23, John returned to Birmingham and opened a one-person shop at 93 Bull Street, next to his

father's store which sold drapery and silk, in a fashionable part of town. John sold tea, coffee, hops for beer, mustard and

drinking chocolate (aka cocoa.) He had a plate glass window installed (a novelty for the time), and hired a Chinese man to

work the counter in Chinese costume. John started advertising himself right away. He placed his first newspaper

advertisement on 1st March 1824 in the Birmingham Gazette. To make drinking chocolate, he ground up the cocoa beans

in mortars and pestles, blended it with sugar, and formed it into blocks for the customers to take home. Customers would

use it by scraping some off as a powder into hot water or milk.

 1826 -- John married Priscilla Ann Dymond (1799 -– 1828.)

 1828 -- Priscilla died. The couple did not have any children.

 1831 -- John decided to expand his capacity in cocoa and drinking chocolate. He kept the store, but he rented an old

malthouse to use as a factory for chocolate manufacturing.

 1832 -- John remarried to Candia Barrow (1805 -–1855.) They would have seven children in all, though one died as an

infant and only three others made it past the age of thirty-two. The children were: John (1834 -- 1866), Richard (1835 --

1899), Maria (1838 -- 1908), George (19 September 1839 -- 1922), Joseph (1841 -- 1841), Edward (1843 -- 1866), and

Henry (1845 -- 1875.)

 1839 -- John and Claudia were living in Edgbaston, Birmingham.

 1842 -- By now, John was making eleven different kinds of cocoa, and sixteen different kinds of drinking chocolate.

 1847 -- John rented a larger factory on Bridge Street , in Birmingham city centre off Broad Street. Up till now, his brother,

Benjamin Head Cadbury (1798 -- 23 January 1880; married Candia Wadkin 1803 -- 1887: no sons, seven daughters) had

worked in their parents' drapery shop. In 1847, John brought Benjamin into the business as a partner, and they traded as

the "Cadbury Brothers of Birmingham."

 1849 -- John got his nephew, his sister Sarah's son, Richard Cadbury Barrow, to look after the retail side of things in the

store on Bull Street. That small store would evolve into the Barrow Stores of Birmingham, which lasted in business until

the 1960s.
 1850 -- John brought his son Richard on board. Richard was just fifteen at the time. Richard would later marry an

Elizabeth Adlington (1838 -- 1868); they seem to have had around 24 children, one of which was William Adlington (1867

-- 1957), later to play a large role in the business. William himself would later have close to 20 children.
 1854 -- On 4 February, Cadbury's received a Royal Warrant from Queen Victoria.

 1855 -- John's second wife, Candia, died.

 1856 -- John brought his son George on board. George was seventeen at the time.

 1860 -- John and Benjamin's father, Richard, died on 13 March 1860 at the age of ninety-two. In the same year, John

dissolved the partnership with Benjamin, leaving Benjamin with the Barrow stores.
 1861 -- John retired, passing the business to his sons Richard and George. Richard was twenty-five at the time; George

was twenty-one. They found business for the next five years quite hard going, and contemplated giving it up, but they saw

it through. George would later marry Elizabeth Mary Taylor (1858-1951.) They would have close to twenty-five children,

including Laurence John (1889-1982), who would later become chairman of the business, and after him, two of his sons,

Adrian and Dominic. [2]

 1861 -- Richard moved to 17 Wheeley's Road in Birmingham. He would live here until 1871.

 1866 -- With the advent of a process to extract cocoa butter from cocoa beans, the brothers were able to make eating

chocolate. This helped them turn the corner on the five tough years they had had.
 1872 -- George moved to live at 32 George Road. He would live here until 1881.

 1875 -- Cadbury's produced its first Easter Eggs.

 1878 -- Cadbury's now had 200 people working for them. The company Cadbury's purchased 4 1/2 acres of the

Bournbrook Hall estate just outside Birmingham, four miles south of Birmingham city centre, between the villages of

Stirchley and King's Norton. They renamed "Bournbrook" to Bournville, to make it sound more French -- French chocolate

was seen as the quality to beat at the time. The site was named after the brook named "Bourn" that ran through it. It was

close to railway lines and the Worcester Canal that went into Bristol, where coffee beans could be landed from abroad.

The space would provide better working conditions, as well as cheaper land now and in the future for expansion. A fire

later in the year in their factory, on 23 November 1878, doesn't seem to have done substantive damage.
 1879 -- Construction at Bournville started in January 1879. The old Bridge Street site was closed in July 1879. Cadbury's

made sure they had enough inventory to last them a few months in between factories. Operations started at the new

factory in Bournville in September 1879. At the same time as the factory was being built, Cadbury's had twenty-four

houses constructed for a few key workers.

 1880 -- Benjamin Cadbury dies, 23 January 1880, eighty-two years old.

 1800/81 -- George moved to a house on Bristol Road, Birmingham. It had ten acres and a lake.

 1881 -- Cadbury's exports product for the first time. The destination is Australia.

 1889 -- John died on 12 May 1889. In his will, he left the Bristol Road house to the Quakers.

 1890 -- George purchased a house in Northfield, Birmingham called "New House", and renamed it to "Manor House." The

house remained in the Cadbury family until the 1950s, when it was sold to the University of Birmingham.
 1895 -- Cadbury's decided to build an entire village at Bournville. They purchased an adjacent 120 acres of land. Though

they wanted to provide affordable housing for workers, they also wanted non-Cadbury workers to live there. Cadbury's

also wanted to prevent its headquarters, which was called a "factory in a garden", from being hemmed in by monotonous

city suburbs. Cadbury's built an additional 300 houses, making 324 in total, making sure that each one had its own

garden. The homes were designed by architect William Alexander Harvey in an 'Arts and Crafts' style, but with modern

(for the times) interiors.

 1897 -- Cadbury's started making milk chocolate by adding milk powder to chocolate. It was coarse by European

standards, but then Cadbury's set out to develop a formula that would be better than European milk chocolate by using

fresh milk instead. George travelled to Switzerland in 1897 to learn the Swiss techniques.
 1898 -- Cadbury's reduced the work week from 53 1/2 to 48 hours per week.
 1899 -- Richard died. George brought two of his sons, Edward and George, and Richard's son, William Adlington (1867 --

1957) onto the board of directors, as well as his cousin Richard Cadbury Barrow. In the same year, Cadbury's was

registered as a limited company. It now employed 2,600 people to make various chocolate candies.
 1900 -- George signed over land and houses to the Bournville Village Trust, which was created separately from the

Cadbury business.
 1901 -- George bought a Liberal newspaper, the "Daily News" of London, whose first editor had been Charles Dickens. He

would use it to advocate for things such as an old age pension. The paper continued until it was absorbed by the Daily

Chronicle in 1930. George would not allow references to horse-racing or betting in the newspaper.
 1903 -- George purchased the remainder of the Bournbrook Estate. He set aside recreational land for the workers, and

provided pensions, medical facilities, housing, education and training.

 1905 -- Cadbury's launched Cadbury's Dairy Milk. It was supposed to be called "Dairy Maid", but six weeks before starting

sales, they changed the name to "Dairy Milk." The Bournville Quaker Meeting house held its first meeting on 3 September

1905.
 1906 -- George invested a pension fund for his employees with £60,000.

 1908 -- Bournville Dark Chocolate bars were launched. Cadbury's sued the London Standard Newspaper for libel. [3]

 1910 -- Cadbury's employed 5,300 people.

 1913 -- Within eight years, Cadbury's Dairy Milk had become Cadbury's best-selling product.

 1914 -- Elizabeth Cadbury, George's wife, published and wrote the introduction to a book of letters composed by her

mother, Mary Jane Taylor (1831 -- 1887.) The book, published by Cornish Bros. in Birmingham, was called "A Dear

Memory."
 1915 -- Cadbury's Milk Tray was launched. The pieces of chocolate were shipped on trays in large boxes, and sold loose

to customers at stores.
 1916 -- Cadbury's started selling Cadbury's Milk Tray in purple boxes for sale to customers as a entire box.

 1918 -- Worker's Councils, one for men and one for women, are setup. Half the council members are management, the

other half are workers elected by secret ballot.

 1919 -- Cadbury's merged with J.S. Fry and Sons. Cadbury's reduces its work week to 44 hours.

 1920 -- Cadbury's Flake was introduced.

 1921 -- The distinctive Cadbury's logo, with the name written in script, was introduced. It was based on how William A.

Cadbury signed his name.

 1922 -- George died on 24 October 1922 at Manor House, Northfield, Birmingham, England, aged 83. His ashes are still

kept in an urn in the Friend's Meeting House at Bournville. His son Laurence became Chairman sometime afterwards,

certainly by 1935. Cadbury's opened a factory in Claremont, Hobart (in Tasmania, Australia.)
 1923 -- Cadbury Creme Eggs were launched.

 1928 -- Cadbury Dairy Milk with Fruit & Nut was launched. "Glass and a half of Milk" slogan was introduced.

 1929 -- Cadbury Crunchie bar was launched.

 1930 -- Cadbury's opened a factory in New Zealand.

 1932 -- Cadbury's opened factories in Montreal, Canada, and in Dublin, Ireland, and launched its Bourn-Vita drink product

(discontinued in the UK in 2008.) Bourn-Vita was launched in Australia the same year or shortly after, then in India in

1948.
 1933 -- Cadbury's saved Wedgewood from bankruptcy by ordering promotional Bourn-Vita cups and saucers. [4]

 1934 -- George's wife Elizabeth was made Dame Commander of the British Empire.

 1938 -- Cadbury's Roses are launched. In this year as well, the Bournville location alone employed 10,000 people
 1939 -- Cadbury's opened a factory in South Africa. Later that year, expansion stopped with the start of the Second World

War. It was not really to start again until the 1960s. During the war, parts of the Cadbury's plant were converted to make

various things from milling machines for rifle factories to pilot seats. In Australia, Cadbury's became the official supplier for

chocolate in troops rations. Instead of Cadbury's distinctive purple, in Australia the packaging was switched to brown

paper during the war years there.

 1941 -- In the UK, chocolate was rationed and available only through ration coupons. The price for a bar of Cadbury's in

1941 was 2 1/2d.

 1943 -- Non-family members are appointed to the Cadbury board for the first time.

 1945 -- On VE day, a bonfire was built in front of the black and white manor house. The builders of the bonfire erected it

deliberately on top of the fire hydrant, so that the fire truck couldn't come along and put it out. In place of honour inside the

bonfire was a Hitler dummy, with a swastika on its head and arm. There was dancing in the village green that evening,

and the fire was lit at 10:00 pm. The next day, there was an impromptu street party in Maple Road, with tables set up all

along down the middle of the road with food on it, and games for the children.
 1947 -- Cadbury's opened a factory in India.

 1957 -- William Adlington Cadbury died.

 1962 -- Cadbury's went public.

 1965 -- Laurence stepped down as chairman. His son, Adrian Cadbury (15 April 1929 -- ) became Chairman of the

company, a position he held until 1989.

 1967 -- Cadbury's Mini-Eggs launched.

 1969 -- Cadbury's merged with Schweppes.

 1971 -- Modern version of Cadbury's Creme Eggs launched.

 1982 -- On 31st July of this year, Laurence's son and Adrian's brother, Jocelyn Benedict Laurence Cadbury, Conservative

MP for Northfield, age 36, committed suicide on the main driveway through Davids (the 15-acre estate in Bournville where

his parents Laurence and Joyce Cadbury lived, sold off in 1994) by shooting himself in the head with a shotgun. Another

of his brothers had previously been killed in a motorcycle crash; his sister was killed in an airplane crash. No reason for

his suicide has ever been made widely known.

 1993 -- Adrian's brother, Dominic Cadbury (12 May 1940 -- ), became chairman, a position he held until 2000.

 1995 -- Cadbury's opened a factory in Beijing (Peking), China.

 1996 -- Cadbury's started sponsoring the television programme, "Coronation Street."

 1999 -- Cadbury's Miniature Heroes launched.

 2001 -- Dream and SnowFlake bars launched.

 2006 -- By this point, Cadbury's had added factories in Marlbrook, Herefordshire (for milk), Chirk, North Wales (for cocoa

bean processing) and Somerdale near Bristol. Bournville in this year covered a total of 1,000 acres (405 hectares),

providing room for 7,800 homes and 120 acres (48 hectares) of parkland and garden. Pubs were still non-existent in

Bournville, as alcohol was still banned there [5]. Bournville dark chocolate is now manufactured in France
 2010 -- On 19 January 2010, Cadbury's chairman, Roger Carr, and board, agreed to recommend to shareholders the sale

of Cadbury to Kraft for £11.7 billion. "“There is a lot of emotion about [the sale of] Cadbury, but while it has deep British

roots and great values, half of its share register is American and half of its management and business is drawn from the

transformational Adams acquisition made in America seven years ago. “The company ceased to be a family business

when it was floated half a century ago and the Cadbury family has not been involved for about a decade." [6]
The story of Cadbury Dairy Milk started way back in 1905 at Bournville, U.K., but the
journey with chocolate lovers in India began in 1948.

The pure taste of Cadbury Dairy Milk is the taste most Indians crave for when they think
of Cadbury Dairy Milk.

The variants Fruit & Nut, Crackle and Roast Almond, combine the
classic taste of Cadbury Dairy Milk with a variety of ingredients and
are very popular amongst teens & adults.

Recently, Cadbury Dairy Milk Desserts was launched, specifically to

cater to the urge for 'something sweet' after meals.

Cadbury Dairy Milk has exciting products on offer - Cadbury Dairy

Milk Wowie, chocolate with Disney characters embossed in it, and
Cadbury Dairy Milk 2 in 1, a delightful combination of milk chocolate
and white chocolate. Giving consumers an exciting reason to keep
coming back into the fun filled world of Cadbury.

Our Journey:

Cadbury Dairy Milk has been the market leader in the chocolate category for years.
And has participated and been a part of every Indian's moments of happiness, joy and
celebration. Today, Cadbury Dairy Milk alone holds 30% value share of the Indian
chocolate market.

In the early 90's, chocolates were seen as 'meant for kids', usually a reward or a bribe
for children. In the Mid 90's the category was re-defined by the very popular `Real
Taste of Life' campaign, shifting the focus from `just for kids' to the `kid in all of us'. It
appealed to the child in every adult. And Cadbury Dairy Milk became the perfect
expression of 'spontaneity' and 'shared good feelings'.

  

The 'Real Taste of Life' campaign had many memorable executions, which people still
fondly remember. However, the one with the "girl dancing on the cricket field" has
remained etched in everyone's memory, as the most spontaneous & un-inhibited
expression of happiness.

This campaign went on to be awarded 'The Campaign of the Century', in India at the
Abby (Ad Club, Mumbai) awards.

In the late 90's, to further expand the category, the focus shifted towards widening
chocolate consumption amongst the masses, through the 'Khanewalon Ko Khane Ka
Bahana Chahiye' campaign. This campaign built social acceptance for chocolate
consumption amongst adults, by showcasing collective and shared moments.

More recently, the 'Kuch Meetha Ho Jaaye' campaign associated Cadbury Dairy Milk
with celebratory occasions and the phrase "Pappu Pass Ho Gaya" became part of
street language. It has been adopted by consumers and today is used extensively to
express joy in a moment of achievement / success.

The interactive campaign for "Pappu Pass Ho Gaya" bagged a Bronze Lion at the
prestigious Cannes Advertising Festival 2006 for 'Best use of internet and new media'.
The idea involved a tie-up with Reliance India Mobile service and allowed students to
check their exam results using their mobile service and encouraged those who passed
their examinations to celebrate with Cadbury Dairy Milk.

The 'Pappu Pass Ho Gaya' campaign also went on to win Silver for The Best Integrated
Marketing Campaign and Gold in the Consumer Products category at the EFFIES 2006
(global benchmark for effective advertising campaigns) awards.

Did You Know:

Cadbury Dairy Milk emerged as the No. 1 most trusted brand in Mumbai for the 2005
edition of Brand Equity's Most Trusted Brands survey.

During the 1st World War, Cadbury Dairy Milk supported the war effort. Over 2,000
male employees joined the armed forces and Cadbury sent books, warm clothes and
chocolates to 
the front.

Cadbury India is a fully owned subsidy of Kraft Foods Inc. The combination of Kraft Foods and Cadbury creates a global powerhouse in
snacks, confectionery and quick meals. We are currently the world's No.1 confectionery and biscuit company. We are also the world’s
second-largest food company with sales in approximately 160 countries. We employ approximately 140,000 people.

With an incredible brand portfolio, we contrive to make a delicious difference, today and everyday.

Heritage: We have come a long way since J.L Kraft started selling cheese from a horse drawn wagon in 1903. Hard work, imagination
and commitment to bring the world its favorite foods has helped us grow into a company that touches more than a billion people in 160
countries. Everyday. One at a time.

Some fast facts on the combined company:

Our Global Reach

 Approximately $50 billion in revenues
 25%+ of global revenue from emerging markets
 #1 in global confectionery
 #1 in global biscuits
 More than 50% of global revenue from snacks and confectionery
Our Brand Portfolio
 11 brands with more than $1 billion in revenue
 70+ brands with more than $100 million in revenue
 40+ brands over 100 years old
 80% revenue from #1 share position
The Simple Electric Circuit will help you to learn the
basic concepts of electricity and electrical circuits.
You will experience and build a light circuit
powered by a battery and controlled by a switch.
You will also learn about electrical conductors and
insulators. You will receive all the components and
you must build the circuit by cutting the wire and
connecting the parts according to the diagram in
this page.
 
 
Connection of wires to the battery holder, switch and the lamp base are done using the screws or clips. You can use
household tools such as a pair of scissors to cut the wire and remove the insulation from the contact points. You will
also need a D size battery to power your circuit.

Electricity and Conductivity Science Kit includes several experiments in Electrical Circuits, conductivity
and properties of electricity. Some of the project ideas you may have using this kit are:

1- Construct a Simple Electric Circuit (Grades 2 to 5)

2- Can electricity create heat? (Grades 4 to 6, You will need a thermometer to show that the light bulb
is getting hot.)
3- Construct a Continuity tester and test conductivity of objects around you.

The Simple Electric Circuit Kit includes:

 Wooden base to mount the circuit

 2 Light Bulbs
 1 lamp holder
 1 Battery holders
 1 Simple Switch (Known as knife switch)
 Screws used to mount the switch and the lamp holder
 Insulated solid copper wire (Gage 22)

Opportunities for Science Projects

You may use your kit in relation to many different science projects. Construction of a simple electric
circuit by itself may be used as a science project for many different grades. You may also use some
color paper to make a nice lamp shade for it and use it as your night light. Some other students may
need to use their completed circuit to do further research for their science project. Two common
project ideas that use this kit are:

1. Can electricity create heat? To do this project you will also need a thermometer to show that
the light bulb is getting hot.
2. Identify conductors and insulators around you. It is important to know what materials are
conductive and what materials are not. The test is simple. Open the switch and place the object
between the poles of the switch. If the light comes on, then the object is conductive. You may
try this with metals (coins, paper clips, nails, etc.) and non-metals (glass, plastic, stone, wood,
etc.)
 Wooden Generator

Making an electric generator is a good way of learning

the principles of generators. It also is an exciting
science project. 

As a display project, you just need to make it and

demonstrate its structure. As an experimental project,
you need to come up with questions about the factors
that may affect the rate of production of electricity. 
 

Question:

If you want to do this as an experimental project, following are some suggested questions:

1. How does the speed of turning affect the production of electricity?

2. How does the diameter of wire coil affect the amount of electricity?
3. How does the number of loops of wire in the coil affect the amount of electricity?
4. How does the diameter of coil wire affect the electric current?
5. How do the material used in the construction of an electric generator affect the production of
electricity?

Hypothesis: 

Depending on the question that you select, you may predict an answer. That is called your hypothesis.

Dependent and Independent Variables

The factor that you are testing is your independent variable. For example the speed of turning and
diameter of wire are samples of independent variables. The rate of production of electricity is the
dependent variable.

Material:

Following are the material that you need in order to construct a wooden electric generator.

1. Wood dowel 3/8" diameter

2. Wood Dowel 1" diameter.
3. Rod magnet 3" long
4. Insulated copper wire 
5. 1.2 Volt Screw Base light Bulb
6. Base for the light bulb
7. Small sand paper
8. Wood Glue
9. 1/2 Square foot Balsa wood (1/8" diameter)

Preparation:

If you are buying a kit, all the wooden parts are included and they are already cut to the size. So you
just need to connect them. If you don't have a kit, prepare the wooden parts as follows:
 1. Cut two square pieces from the balsa wood (3.5" x 3.5").
2. Make a 3/8" hole in the center of each square.
3. Cut four 1" x 3 7/16.
4. Cut a 3/4" piece from the 1" wood dowel. Make a 3/8" hole in the center of it. Insert a 6" long
3/8" wood dowel in the hole, apply some glue. center it and wait for it to dry. 
5. Make another hole with the diameter of your rod magnet in the center of the larger wood dowel
piece for the magnet to go through.

Wood dowels after completing the step 4

Wood dowels after completing the step 5

Adult supervision and professional help is required for all cuttings and hole makings.

Procedure: (If you buy a kit, make sure to read the procedure suggested in your kit)

1. Insert the magnet in the hole of the wood dowel. Center it and use some glue to secure it.
2. Use one large square balsa wood and four smaller rectangular balsa woods to make a box.
3. Insert your wood dowel into the hole in the center of the box. At this time the magnet is inside
the box.
4. Place the other large square to complete the box. Apply some glue to the edges and wait for the
glue to dry. By now, you have a box and inside the box you have a magnet that can spin when
you spin the wood dowel.
5. Wrap the copper wire around the box and use masking tape to secure it. Note that more copper
wire around the box results more electricity.
6. Remove the insulation from the ends of the wire and connect it to the screws of the bulb holder
or base. 
7. Insert the light bulb
8. Spin the wood dowel fast to get the light.

More detail Instructions: A more detail and step by step online instruction page is available for the
users of the kit. If you have got the kit, please make sure to use the URL (web address) suggested in
the kit to access the instruction details.
List of materials

The main components of a simple DC motor are a piece of magnet

wire and a small magnet. Almost any type of magnet and any type
of magnet wire will work fine. All other components are optional
and may easily be substituted by other materials. Use the links and
images in this page to see how others make their own simple DC
motors. This special design of DC motor is well fitted for school
projects.

Materials include:

1. Battery Holder 2. Ceramic Disk Magnet

3. Magnet Wire 4. Safety Pins
5. Screws 6. Wood Block

Introduction

Electric motors are everywhere; even your computer has electric motors to power its cooling fans and
hard disks. Building a simple DC electric motor is a great way to learn how they work, and it's really
fun to watch your creation spin.

Objective

The objective of this project is to build a simple electric motor from scratch.

How to make?

Start by winding the armature, the part of the motor that

moves. To make the armature nice and round, wind it on
a cylindrical form, such as a pip or a small AA battery.

To make the coil hold its shape permanently, twist the

free ends and wrap them around the coil a couple of
times. If this method of holding the coil together is too
difficult, feel free to use scotch tape or electrical tape to
do the job.
 

Hold the coil at the edge of a table, so

the coil is straight up and down and
with a sharp knife, remove the top half
of the insulation from the free wire
end.

Do the same thing to the other free

wire end, making sure that the shiny
bare copper side is facing up on both
wire ends.

The next step is to prepare the axle supports. Use a pair of pliers to bend two safety pins from the
middle. The safety pins can conduct electricity to the armature while the loops of wire on the safety pin
can hold it up. 

The base for this motor will be a wood block. It makes a nice base because it is heavy, stable and 
looks good for presentation in classroom or science fair. The wood block is large enough to hold the
battery as well.

Use screws to mount the bent safety pins on the wood block so that the loops are faced to each other
and about 1 inch apart.

Attach the wires from battery holder to the supports (bent safety pins)

Insert the battery into the holder. Place the magnet on top of the wood block just underneath the coil.
Make sure the coil can still spin freely, and that it just misses the magnet.

Spin the armature gently to get the motor started. If it doesn't start, try spinning it in the other
direction. The motor will only spin in one direction.

If you don't have this kit, you can order it now! It is available both as a single pack and class pack. Kit
content may be different from the images shown in this page.
Steam boat includes:

 Metal boat.
 Removable candle holder
 6 small candles
 Dropper assembly

Additional Materials Required: Additional Materials Required for your steam boat are:

 Matches or lighter
 Water

If you decide to build your own steam boat: You may build a working model of a steam boat
using a thin and soft sheet of copper or brass. Thin sheets of these metals can be cut using the
household scissors, bent by hand and soldered by a small torch or soldering gun.

Safety precautions, protective clothing and adult supervision is required.

Product descriptions are subject to change. We are constantly improving our products based on
the feed back that we receive from previous customers.

 
Introduction:

MiniScience's Solar Racer activity introduces students to alternative

energy concepts while incorporating problem solving, design and
modeling. In addition, students will experience using hand tools as they
construct their solar vehicle.

Students can explore:

 Propulsion types and drive concepts

 Basic soldering techniques and electronic concepts
 Alternative energies like solar power

 Teacher Preparation:

During construction of the solar racer vehicle,

students can experiment and comprehend methods of
power transfer, soldering (optional), gear alignment
and calculating gear ratios. It is up to the teacher to
make sure this background information is provided to
students in some manner.

Background

The federal government has encouraged alternative forms of transportation due to a limited supply of
oil and increasing environmental pollution. Solar cars are just one of many transportation concepts
emerging. Solar cars use solar cell panels instead of gasoline as the fuel. As a result, exhaust fumes
and oil consumption are eliminated.

The solar cell panel generates an electrical charge that is stored in a battery and used to provide
energy as the vehicle is driven. The lighter the vehicle, the less energy used and the farther the vehicle
will travel. In cloudy days, or at night, energy can be drawn from reserve batteries. In the future,
charge stations will be located on the road sides for quick battery charging.

Materials Checklist:
Before using the kit please make sure you have all the items listed below. This kit has the supplies to
build at least one type of solar car model. Solar cars may be propelled using a pulley/ rubber band
method or some types of interlocking gears.

1. Solar Cell
2. AC motor
3. Rear Slicks 1 9/16" diameter x 5/8" wide (1/2" wide for geared slicks)
4. Front Wheels 1 3/8" diameter
5. 1/8" dowel for axles
6. Traction Bands (for non-geared slicks)
7. Eyelets or washers
8. Straw
9. Wood Sheet 5" x 2" x 3/32" (or larger, so you can cut to any size)
10. Basswood 5mm x 5mm x 20cm stick
11. Motor Mount (With straps if needed)
12. Procedure Sheet
Propulsion Systems:

Propulsion systems include using a solar cell and toy motor with a:

 gear drive
 Pulley and Rubber band drive

Advanced students are encouraged to experiment with different size pulleys, and gears if available.

Basic Tools Required

These items may be required to build the solar vehicle: (You can make your solar car model without
them as well)

 craft knife, used to cut or trim soft wood.

 white glue, wood glue or glue gun
 soldering Iron, needed if you need to solder wires.
 Pliers, used to connect and twist wires together if needed
 rulers, used for measurements
 Pencil, used for marking

Safety Recommendations

During the construction of the solar vehicle, the following safety precautions should be observed.

 Wear safety glasses

 Use care with sharp cutting blades
 Avoid touching the tip of the glue gun or soldering gun
 Put safety first

Competition Categories

Competition between students can be based on design, drawings, final appearance, distance-traveled,
speed, etc.

Races can be held between cars that have similar or different types of propulsion Systems.
In addition, teachers could implement a problem-solving category for advanced or older students.
Teachers would provide students with the solar racer kit then instruct students to make use of
additional materials in the classroom to construct a customized solar vehicle. additional items could
include wood scraps, stickers, paint, CD, colored wheels and more. How elaborate or complex the solar
cars are depends on imagination and resources.

Solar car for an experimental science project

Solar car may also be used in an experimental science project with question, hypothesis and a results
table and chart .

A good question for this project is: How does the angle of solar panel in relation to the sunlight
affect the performance of the car?

Hypothesis: The answer you guess for the above question will be your hypothesis.

This is an important question because we can use the result in designing real solar cars. If the angle of
the solar panel is important, cars must be designed so that the driver or an automated system can
change the angle of the solar panel. If the angle is not important, then the solar panel may be
mounted horizontally on the roof of the car.

Experiment:

In a sunny day, around noon time take your solar car outside on a smooth flat surface. Initially adjust
the solar panel to be horizontal. Place the car on the flat surface and record the distance it drives per
second. That will be the speed.

Then change the angle of the solar panel so that it will have a right angle with the sunlight. Repeat
your test again and record the speed again.

Report the sunlight exposure angle in which your solar car had the highest speed.

Make a graph:

You can also make a bar graph with one vertical bar for each of the angles you test. The height of each
bar will be the speed of your solar car in that angle.

More detail instructions for construction of the solar car are available HERE.

You can buy the solar car materials in a kit.  It is available both as a single pack and class pack. Kit
content may be different from the images shown in this page.

 
 Electric Car
 Making an electric car is a mechanical engineering challenge often used as a competition for
students from 5th grade to 8th grade.

An electric car is driven by a DC electric motor,

powered by one or two batteries. 

Transmission of force from the motor to the car

axle is accomplished using two pulleys and one
rubber band acting as a belt. A simple switch
made of a paper clip is used to connect or
disconnect the circuit. Wheels are made of larger
pulleys with rubber rings as tires. The car chassis
is mad of a plastic board, reinforced by wood
blocks and eye screws that will also support the
axles of the wheels. 
Some students may prefer to buy all the parts separately and cut all the woods themselves
and design their own car; however, most students and teachers prefer to get all the parts in a
kit and make changes as they need.

With this project students can explore:

 A simple propulsion method

 Basic gluing techniques and design concepts
 Concept of stored chemical energy energy and converting it to mechanical energy
 A simple electric circuit

Items Needed:

Electric Car Kits usually come with parts, cut to size and ready to use. The picture bellow
shows the materials you usually find in an Electric Car Kit from MiniScience. Kit includes at
least 4 wooden parts and one plastic board, cut to size in addition to the 4 pulley wheels, 4
tire rings, battery holder, one transmission pulley, electric motor, rubber bands, motor mount,
screws, brass paper clips  and eyelets.

Materials Checklist:

Before using the kit please verify the content with the parts in
this picture.

In addition to the kit parts you will need:

 White glue or wood glue

 Grip Pins
 Sand Paper (Medium Grit)
 Tape
 Latex Paint
 Teacher Preparation:

During construction of the electric vehicle, students can experiment and comprehend methods
of power transfer, using glue, measurement, making a simple electric circuit . It is up to the
teacher to make sure this background information is provided to students in some manner.

Background

Before invention of gas engines, cars were pulled by horses or other animals. Now gas
burning engines are the most popular drive in cars. There are concerns about the air
pollutions caused by gas engines and electric cars are entering the market in a fast pace.
Electric cars rely the electrical energy stored in batteries, so they will not cause any air
pollution.

Because of the limited amount of electricity stored in batteries, electric cars must be made
very light so they can transfer a longer distance with a limited amount of energy.

Assembly Procedure:

Instructions or assembly procedures are available online

athttp://www.MiniScience.com/kits/CAR_ELEC 

Electric Car project:

Construction of an electric car is an engineering/ technology project. When you try your car in
a race, the one that is built with more precision and more considerations, will be the fastest.
To build and use this car as a science project, you may find a research subject that is closely
related to that. For example you may try to find out:

Which battery brand provides the most power to your car?

Make a slight slope (about 10%) and use your car to carry some load up the slope. Find out
what is the maximum weight that can be carried by your car. You may use pennies as weight.
Each penny is about 3 grams.

If you don't have this kit, you can order it now! It is available both as a single pack and class
pack.