331 s.

c ' ALL'PAKisTAN L£GAL:DEcisioNS • ' Vot•

.~, , t tion that the appointments of IbCl .
therefore, learned. co~nl~Ct! sn ~f~t~~ding order 14 is totally misconxived.
'

ther persons was an VIO a 10

o _. . h res ondents had never become
. ' - 1n (het.,result, we hold that t e ndPthe orders to the appellant
permanent wbrkme~ of the A~~~~f~l\/'we set aside the judgme!J,ts of VOLtJMffXXXlI' 1980 :
"~ / ... -­ fe-instate them are Illegal. . d f ~h~ 5th' Sind Labour Court,
. . . . . 4tlir Junior Labour dco1~~ i;75 ~espectivelY and also the judgment of .,1 ,,' ,THE . ",
dated 25-1-1975 an .: 11 t's writ petition and allow
. . Sind High Court. dismtlstsmg th~ ~6:ec~~struction of definitions which
I As the appea urns 0
appe!l'
. ambIguous, we e .:.
. t
. t ave the parties to bear their own cos s. .
.
' . Appeal accepted.
ALL PAKISTAN LECALDEOISIONS
-~

THE END . FEDERAL SHARIAT COURT

. PLD 1980 F SC 1
. Present: SalahuddlitAhmed. Chair:nan, Agha Ali'Hyder,
Aftab Hussain, Zakaullah Lodhl and Karimullah
., Durranl,Members"
' - " -
.
MUHAMMADR,IAZ, ETc.~Petitioners ,"
.t ' .llersus
, FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ETC~-:-Respondents'
",' , ' " , ' .,.. .
Shariat Petitions Nos. IS, 69 of-1979;9,of 1980 (Lan.) and 1,12,2 and
20 of 197,9; 7,and 4 Qf 1980 (Kar.), decided,on 23rdSeptember, 1980.
Per Agba Ali Hyder; Zaka~lIah,' LOc1bl' and' Karl~uUah Durranl, Members;
[Aftab Hussain, "Member DOtagreei" as to JucJgment of Sharlat ,Beaeb
being ,bincllng and hoNing fftlc1J~ " ' ...
(0) Constitution' of Pakistan (19,73)-. '. '
--Arts. 203-B(unamended) &203-D (amended)-Jurisdiction-Repug­
nancy to Injunctions of Islam-Federal Shariat Court-A suCcessor
to Shariat Bench ,of High Court-:-Issues deCided by, Shariat
Bench of High, Court-Held, binding and FederalShariat 'Court
debarred from adjudicating same issues once' again, and judgment
reported as P' L,D1980Pesh. 1 . declaring Ss, S4, 5S, 302,
Penal Code, 1860 and, Ss. ',345(7),401, 402 & 402-B; Criminal
Procedure Code, 1898 readwith relevant parts of Schedule repugnant
to Injunctions' of Islam, binding and holding, field.--{Jurisqiction-
Federal Shariat Court]. ' "
.~.~ ~ .
,; i
,
, pn.,Agba Ali Hyc1er, M_ber­
'.
The powers, jurisdiction and functions 'of the Shariat Benches of the
High Court were identical even in, terms, to the powers of the Federal Shariat
Court. The Peshawar Bench in the' case ,reported as P L D ' 1980 ,Pesh., 1
bad specified a date from, which ,the order was to, take effect and the,Govern­
ment of Pakistan had preferred an appeal against the, said, decision, which :
is pending before the Supreme Court. No stay has,:so 'far been granted­
and looking to the ol,ljectand the scheme of the law, it ,cannot be conceived,
 , - . .. ­ -; ~ ~ -
-
'.
I
t

;~;'thatan()ffence ofmurder in theN.•W. F. 'P., wilt be' d~altwith differently

'-

, MUHAMMADRj~k~"F~DERAL GOVERN~~T '

FS,C'3'·'
" from the rest of the provinces. As a successor Court in every sense of tho ,,(8alahuddin,Ahmad Chilimum) "
word; ,though differently' constituted" the Federal Sllariat Court stands
d~barred [mm adjudicating thesainejssu~s:opce again. [po 101(i" Per ,AghaAJi Hyderand Af'a" H~liD, Members--:

'PerZak~uj[ab\Lodhi, Member- . ' , ", " Constitution of Paki~taD (l973)- , , . " " '

4-:7':' The FederalShariat Court isonlyi sucCessor Court, 'hence these: poinfs - Art. 203·D-..-:.Jslamis~ti~n f I "'" '" ." .~ .' ' '" ;
-"cannot be re~examined by this Court. ,:As far as this forum is concerned, it , 'L.imited to cases where Jimb g~t~ c:ti-R~t~llation ill cutting a ,limb~'"
cannot go intq,themin exercfse of parallel ,jurisdiction. The jurisdiction of to cut or injure bone-[Aftab Hur0D,;lJomt-Not permissible, hence' " ,I
. a:Sharial Bench has 'no nexus to, the ,Court's territorial jurisdiction. II cases where, Qisas notpermittedJ __ [Q~sam]" [Member also enumerating
ruther extends to Jaws, irrespective of the list in the ' Constitution' on which , " ","', ': ' .', .' , Isas, pp. 10, 4lJl &S8> '
they find place. ' Once a law was struck down by any Shariat Bench ora
High Court being repugnant to the Injl:1nctions ofIslam, it became extinct as P~~f~~f!~~~~~::::::=e!~~~ "Chair~aD.~,zakaallah
from the date fixed by the, judgment, andsuchdecision was:binding on all Constftutioq o'Pajd~taD (1!i73~ ,, ' .' , .
~7 ,:Courts. ' Accord,ingJy the question of any ''-co-mptication, _also ·did not arise.

Jaw~rtPr,2g;ci~Jes~f)~~~:p~cettti?oInnJu~,UnndctiolnSl ~(ILSI~m-ISlanii;ati,;n
,

'The reference'to the number of Judges in the Federal ShariatCourt vis-a-vis

/the Shariat Benches is'also' insignificant in ,view of the' fact' that all tbese of
Benches enjoyed : identical, jurisdiction, ;as' the Federal Court now enjoys. ; , " er s amlC aw" \<I. '
, Since the jurisdiction of the§eBencheS-had<relevance to a lawexamined by Islam recognised 'th~'f not' "11 2 '.' " ' , ' -, < ,

, it and not to a particular territory, ~ therefore,.' the possibility of conflicting re~ugnant ',to, Shariah and ~am ~us~oms and usages'. of 'the Arabs. ' ,
judgments by different Benches/was also out of question. [po 45]UU &VV starutelaws whether inherited ~r~tamed ,n:,?st of them, as, good law. '
Independence are based upon the p .m !hf BritIsh Government or el}acted " '
,Per Karim.Uab DurraDi: Memb~r~' [pp~5is 53]FFF.-l{I ~ , and goodconsciencthvhich is thefl~CIP e 0 ~om'?10~ good andjustice~
" Per Aftab Huasaiil, Member(Contrl)- , ' ' ," ,,'" '. ' tMasalc:h 'Mursila) of Imam ,. Malik anda;~ a~ ~,e p;mc~Ples of pubJicgood
, The submission made at the Bar thaitneFederal Shariat Court A for/iorl these laws; must be rmc"p,e 0 IShhs~noflmam Abu'
in all respects a successor Court ofthe Peshawar ShafiatBench,is.bound respects : the statute law' may' not 7Ifi~l~barmodny With Shariah.' In
that, decision is not aCCeptable. 'Fiiitfy that. decision was by, a FullBencb , and, 'may also ,. be ,re un" , u, ' ", e stan a~d or tbeJ~w of the
three Judges while the present cases are being . heard by a, .larger.Bencb or 16] para. 20 ,,' ',,'" . p g ~!!.t to It but such mstancesarc few'
, • - • .. .'. _. • • '_', • , <II" • '. • _.' .' •

five membersof:.the Federal Sliariat.Court.Evenas a:~uccessor Court~

, has jurisdiction," to' differ" from the Shari at ,Bench', of" Pesha war. Con~9~entJy' the fi~s/ principle t 'b' " . ' , ,'., ", '
tbe pn~~lples of.Halal (lawfulness) and He mv(okeJd IS, to' test ,t1~csc 'laws'

',the jurisdiction ()f the Peshawar Bench' being limited to, its., own tl>..... t"",,,,, the DlVlne law. ,The HolY'Q • 'h aram un awtulness) as laid down

judgment could not 'bind any ·other HighCourt,T9isfiaw of ,territorial

. jurisdiction has been removed ,now by the setting-up of the Federal
~robibited. The Prophet of ~~d\a:s ex~re,s.slY ~t~tedwhat ,is ~nhiwful

It ca~not, ~e ,doubted tbatthe autho ,ma e additIons to t~IS category. '

~, which has jilrisaict!oll throughout Pakistan.[p. 14]K . '0 .'

bl~ed, lies with theAlmi~ty 01": :;~YifldecJare somethmg unlawful "

Per Salabuddin, Ahmed, Chairman; AgbaAIiHyder" 'AftabH_ and It IS not lawful ror' " , ' , IS, 0 Y Prophe~(peace: be upon

. ZakauUab Lodhi and Karimulla1!Durrani, Memberl~ 66 ;1).. [p~ 16]' p~lras. 21 & 2~~y person to render unlawfuLwhatis lawful,

(b)penalcOd~ (XLV of 1860)..,... . : , ' .'" " , ' ~',' " " ' The second prinCiple hj~blights th~ i ' , " " , ' " , : : ' ." J

"-'Ss. 302.304,304-A, 324;·325,326~329. 331~,333,Chap. XVI but also change 'of era and chang~J?ortan~e l}otonly of change of'

. (other provisions relating to hurt), Ss.335 & 33Sread with Constitution , in the field of.law which ,j ,~n koclety m the Context of e,;olu­
, of Pakistan (1973), ,Art.203-D.-;Repugnancy to:IiljuDctionsof IsJam­ [po 17] para . . 2 4 . '.' " s .a en, care of by the principle of
,. Sections 302,'304, 304·A, 324, 325,' 326" 329,' 331,,333 & Chap. XVI
.(other. provisions, relating to hurt), Ss. 335 &,33S'--Held, repugnant Th~~li~ ~~:~~ejSo~halitChodi~~~o~~ ,ilid' rights. if' 'by. the,' ~~sused
to Injunctions' of Islam' for not ,providing for composition and thr.ee divorces uttered at the s ",a~ done by the Se~ond Caliph
cotripoundabiIity.' , , to.Sunnah of the Pio' het( ~ ~me bme a~ three ~nd urevol.:ablc,
, :[pp. ,7,10.21,22, 23, 33, 34,38,40, 52]A,'/,,8, T, U, ~Js KK, LL, of. simultaneous, divorc~sas ~nece~. up~nUhim)" which treated ahy
, RR&EEE be foundthai,the facility .orco " azra m~~ mttl;>duced this la\v " <

'.Per Ag~a Ali Hy~; <Membtr:-::, 17J para. 25 i>,"·,"'" ", ncesslOn was, belDg gencrallymisuseq.
: (c) cfiminal Procedure Code (V of1898)";';' .., ' "
,"
', ,
, " S~S44-A,Co:nstitutk)1i o(PakistilD (1973).:Art. 203.D:--Repugnancy ,
A fourth'principle
stoppage leads to the spread, ,of more Ii
is
tIla!' 'it is better not to war~ off Ii . , " . '
tr~llsgreSSlOn
, 'toInjunctionsofIslam-:-:-Question of compensation under S. 544.A, , Vol.U, page7~2).,[p~17J paia.26 '. ma gnant vices '(Elam.uf-A!owaq.
,whether offender meets supreme penalty under ShaTiah~ is pardoned,
or pays Diyat, lzeld" does notarise due' to its being in excess of Dr.~uI(fo~'::e~Jibal~nL~~~re~Th~PrincipJe otMovemcnt in ", the~tnlcturc
prescribedpenalty.-[Compensiltion]. [I'," .JO]ll" ,_ '\,. : , . " , . , 138,157,159 ~363'and lrfJ,~r/bn~ b~A"ama 'Shabir Alrm(ulUrmafll, ,.
l'
~ ri'~ , ., ' , , . _ '\

~~~ pp. 772,.822, 843rej. '~<" ,e ayyum on EJamul Mawaqqi~een; .


'. :'VoL. xXxIi
(f) C~tit:aion or Pakistan (1973)->. . ". '..,;. '. . . ;. , .'
. ~:-:;..... Art 203-D-Repugnancy . · to InJuncb?ns. of. Islam- IsI~mlsatIon of
"lawst'~oints of similarity between Islamlc1a~an,d law of murder. and
a.s
hurt· in
laid down Penal Code, 1860, particularly S; 29?_. ' .'
. '. The Qur'anic'-verses I~ve ,p.!> doub~ t~~t the usual sentence fOr,a)lCl'SOn
convicted of murder is, death, ?r· •hf~ for life ., (po 18] para•.30 .'
. . HomiCide maybe justifiable ~ri«(cuJpable.~~is~ifferen~e!s reCog~izcd
by Shariah' which' states that there .IS, no culpablltty mter alta In puttJ~g a
person ~o d~th inexecution of legal pumshment for any. ofi'ence committed
. by him. [p.: . 34] para; 107, ' .
lrite~tion t~ cause death is tbe'main ingredj~nt'" of' premeditated murder
.', so is that of murder in the Code. The intentlo~ may ,be. gatberedunder
Shariat from the weapon used' by the·... accused. SO'lt can· ·begathere~ under
tbe: Code .vide. Exceptions 'secondly, thirdly and jourthlyto, sectt(~n 300.
[po 35] para, 111, " ,
.. Exceptions'. to. secti~n 300 also ... d'o not' present'any di!ncul~Y' in respect ot
reconciliation with Qur'an .a.nd Sunna~.,' The first exception IS wheredeatb
is cauSed, when. the' offender was deprived of power of self-control' by . ~raye
or sudden provocation or by: lllistake or accident:: D~eatb caused br accident
,or . mistake ' is 'nothing but ,murder ~by error .~. ,J:J).. Provoc::atlon when
.' grave and sudden would take the' matter out of the' category 0(· mtended 'or
premediated murder. {po 35] para. 117 ," '... . Iminiishirlg the sense of ~engefulness or. vindict!veness and incultivatillg
". I{a:per~oIl causes death on, seeing his' wife or ~ther nearfemale relation
in a compromising positioll with a :~tranger he should. be taken to have
)ost'self-control' and acted under themfiuence of sudden a!ld ~avepro~~·
,tion~ But ,,' if before this event' occurs a person makes up hiS mmd to '. kl~ if
. he ever saw, the' twocoDlmitting ,adulterY,it will bea case ofpremedltatJon.
'[p. 36] pal'a.I~O· '. .' . .'
. , . ExceptionUis 'about exceeding in good . T~itb right of self-defe~ee•. The
• Qur'an recognises t~eright of ,self-defen,celn Verse2:}91 when It decJ<1!es
.lawful killing in exel'clse, o~ ~uch nghteven 10 Haram-e-Ka ab~ w~7re shedding
of bloodis otherwise proh~blted..[p.36]para.120 . '.
, It i~tbus c}(m~ 'thatexceeding th~right of'seU'.defenc~irjngood faith
,WOUld not amount to murder but if it is exercised despite, knowledge that
no case ofsclf..defence is made out It would amount. to murder. The Penal
, Code andSunnah are, therefore, unanimous on thispoint~ [p.37] para. 123.
There is! no tradition;. of,the Prophet (peace be. upon him) to the
contrary. It is, however, clear tbat·the very factthat there isno intenti?n to
carry'onunjustifiedkiJling "would remove 'bis. act. from the: ambit of
: premeditated murder (.l.oJ:.J:i).ExceptioillYis about the ~using oCdeath
;i~asudden fight, in theheaf of p~ssion upon a s.udden quarrel and without
'the offender'shavingtaken undue advantage"r acted in a.. cruel or unusual
manner., Such an exception is available in the Sunnab ofthe Prophet, (peace
be upon him. [p.\37] paras.12S to 127., ' be expelled out of the land•. Such will be their degradation in 'the' wo~ld '
• (g) ConstitUtion ciPatllCao (1973~ .' . . . '. .
-Art. 203-D-Repugnancy to .Injunctions of Tslam":"'Islamisation
oflaws-Criticism of enforcement of .anew la~ of murder and ,hurt.
" -,
MUHA~1MAriRIAZ v. FEDERAL. GOVERNMENT
'- , (SallJhUddin A~mud Chalrmad) \
It is not necessary. to change the. whole structure 6f~tbePenal Codein'this
since the. Code' is a' valuable document. prepared . with utmost care
attenti<?n .and' almost every word of it has been interpreted by .Courts·
durmgmore tha!l a century.' Any fundamentaL change in the
of, the Code might render 'all those, valuable, precedents of no use
will be an irreparable" loss in tfie field of criminal law. . It would . als~
problems for, the'Courts and, the Members of the Bar. The Constitu,;,
~u!remen.ts wit! ,b~ fulfilled, bysucb amendments in law,· which may
ItS mconslStencles Jfany With the Qur'an and·the Sunnah. '. ," . .
'~-. "
' . ,Jp~ 34] para. 106
Coostitutloa or Pakistan (1973)-.. . .., '
Art. 203-D~Rep~gn~ncy to' Irijunctio~s of I~lam"':'islamisati~n of, .
Iaws":"Rights o~ God and Rights of men. ". '... , '..' ,
It was contended. 'tru{i· culpable' h~~icide' am~unti~gto' ~urdd; .·(qatl-e­
ma.r be of tw~ types; one involving rights of God (Haqooq-AlJah) and,
o~her tnvo!vmg rIghts of men (Haqooq-ul-'ebad). Some disputes reSUlting
Ihe death duectly affect onlythe accused and the family of fhe deceased as
the case. of a Aispute overwaterortiespass by the cattle.in the field of
party or' t!,lbal vengeance•. S~ch matters would entail the rights of
(Haqooq-ul- ebad) and permISSIon to.' comp~se' the difference by grant
to . the accused would help' in the, patching..upof differences; in
lJal~m(mi')us. relations between the parties.. In ,such cases Diyat .
apt: .alternative to retaliation (qisas). But if the murder directly' .
,oraffects the society 'as in the case. of unjustified murder (qat/;c­
by,"a person who on account ,of !he c:lepravityor immorality 6fhis
I:; prone to take the law tn hiS own' hand and thus creates or
corruption, in the society~ and composition .of the offence would
make him repent his misdeeds, the offence would entail the rights of .'
(Haqooq-AlIah). III such. a case the· State can provide. in' law for·
the acc~sed to the gallows notwithstanding pardon by the heirs of
deCl!ase:d or m '. the alternative can sentence him to imprisonment for Hre'
fine•. [po ' 18] para. 33'.. '. ' '.
There is no doubt that contrary to the offences ofHudood which in
entirety deal with viol~t!on, of rights of God (Haqooq-AlI<!h),the offence
a~d offen~sof lDJUCles t.o the, bodies generally violate. the ' right
man. ,It IS for th!s reason that Iry; 17:33 the powerovcr a 'killer is given'
the heir of the slam, no doubt subject to an admonition tha'the should not
excess in wreaking, retaliation. [p. 21] para. 44 . ,.' , .' . '.
Verse.5:33 . pro~ides tbe' following sentences for waging. war' against
and mising corruption o,r mischief in the land' : _ . ' . . ..., ;
"5:33 : Th~' o,nly reward of those. who 'make, war upon, Allab and His
and,stClve after. corruption in the land will be that they will be
or crucified,' or have 'their hand and feet on alternate sides cut off. 'or
in tbe Hereafter ,theirs will be an awful doom." ,~.,:
The sentences a~,-(!)death,(2) crucifixion, (3) cuttingot', hands and
,from the. opposIte .Side, and (4) expulsion out of tbe land whicli bas been

 , } ..

.·M~AMMADRiAi V;FI!D~R~r.:GQ~R~fB~
," . ~Salahuddin Ahm!dt Chairinan) ..'

int~rpreted,' by ! some. as., imprisonment." The comrrientatois. have confined ~ffied by:. C()urt~La'~rcq uiring a~e~d·liient.judgmCl1t can bec~me
;
·theappJicability of this ,verse to' sedition;',dacoitycor ':highway 'robbery. But e ~hve only after amel1~melltas ordered by Court made by relevant.
there is, 110 justification,Jor, , thus, Jimiting,its:scopeand e~tent.' . The words ,I.egtsiature.-[[nterpretatton of statutes1., [pp. 13~ 45.53]1. VV & HHa .
oCthe;ir.verSe are, applicable inter alia to:situationwherethe 'actions of
Per Artab • Ho. .JD,Mem.ber .[Salabuddr~. Ahm~d. Chalrmam•• Zakat.nab LOcu.I
individual 'ora group amount to creati~g corniptiotl)n thela~d (~J )l1c.i .)W} .... !'a'lmuUah »urranJ, Members agjoeeiog]_, .~, ~ , . .' .' ,,< . ',' •

-.1f/In· factaccording;io' one ·.·Sense'spreading ccorI1lption' in the land itself Constitution or P:lkistan ( 1 9 7 3 " " ' : ' , ' . ,'~ .,
. amounts to' waging, war.,against':AIIah'Who has ordained the retentioll ora ..Art•. 203~D~Reiiugnancy to Injunctions of Islam-Principl~s of.
bahinced'societyfull ofvirtues and free of vices. It is for this reason tbat declaratIOn of l!1w as repugnant to teachings of Islam~ ., •.. :. .. '
Allama:;.Shabbir Ahmad Usmaniis of the view (see:his Commentary on 5:33)
' . ' [PP', 14.15 to 171L el seq,M-:-~ .... '
. that there is no justification for curtailing the. generality' of the· words used .• ' . i"
IJJ·TanZll-ur-Relunan ,on MaJmua, Qawaneen-e-Is~am.; Vot. I,pp.-18.
in this verse to specific ,offences of. sedition, robbery or dacoity•. The language
of the verse should be considered in its wider. sense.'Tobe at war with' . r.Muhammc:d Iqbal s ~tureo~ The;Ptinciple of Movement in the
Allah and His. p'rophet (peace. be' upon him) or to create' corruptions or re of Islam"Allama,Shab" Ahm,ad Ustjlani's, Commentary of the, Holy
. disorder, in the larid' would coverall such maUersas•..2(l)offensive bytbt . pp.33, 138, .157, 159.,363. and'. Elam-,ut.Mo,waqqi'een by Hafiz'
'U/II"I~·!:!j:lJ
. .'Ji.ium'}a.I.II, pp. 772t 822 & 843re):," . .
,Don.Muslims. (2) the mischiefofapostitsy, (3) highway robbery. (4) dacoity,
, (5) unjustified murder,: (6)' plunder, looting orpilIage~ (7) criminal conspiracy Con~tftutJon or Pakistan (1973).....·· , ' .
,1
and (8) seditious propaganda •.'. Each' of tbese offences are .-such for, whicb fa Art.20~-J?~RePu¥nancy"t()' teachings or'Islam~Islamjsatjon of '•.
an' offender would be liable '. to' at) least . 'one of. the.: Sente:mces' referred' to h ws:-:~omlclde-;-~us,tJlied' culpable,homici~e':"":'Distinct' from culpable ..
th'erein. .The refercncetoqatl,,:c-nahaq. or' . unjustified murder. clarifies tbe omlcl.e amount!ng. to. murder~ur'auIC. text, provides fo t '.
opinion of the. worthy commentator.' In fact creation of disorder in society, ~~rnatlvds : lUOls~mentof reta1i~tion_and in '. case. of life o[ kiJ7e~·· 1" "

.which one 'wishes to be an ordeiedsociety' would itself· aOlountto creating mg par one pUDlshm~nt of, paymentof.Diyat; 'portion of which
. :conuption' 'or mischief '(~Wr Thus';a, person ~hois'a'-goonda (arch could be pardoned by belrs or successors of deceased.~[Diyatl. ' '., .'. "
criminaOtakes pride in .. his~beingcalled'a goonda.It . is his hobbY as well 1/, 1 '.. " t ' · · · · ""~" ,; .' ' . [pp. 21;,22; 23]S, T&U.;' .
in -' ~ -.' :~

as policy. to . create' terror· the 'minds of members of his localitywho would

· like to'put an end ,to his criniinal activities.,:Heearns"hisliving by sale of .O!:2~;~~~i~~;se:!t~:~i:;~,.}!~i~4.l:342s,;614:157~'1'.·9197?31b'.:':.2:20~5h:4~.~2C:178.
H IQ ,.., , ., • ,. •
~, n-e-Aat er s om-
liquor, and ·otbef. intoxica'nts, 'prostitution,. gambling,. blackmail and making
. people,pay'protectionmoney. He, masterminds. the criminal activities of ;:anslli~d ~~a~.~erselZ:~3 ;S~a" .·Waliullah on Hujjat-ul-Lah' ur
'M. l ,', .. 0 a"f'.., u .~uhammadAbdulllaq:Haqani. Vot'II'
· oth~rs' and thus assembles round him 'other, criminals .. hardened, "cold-blooded
u~_ well' as potential:uid inHie"ladvaric~ment" of any or all, of these activities/' "v:'~~~· tf~CJ.bo.~~7tl11!,ad~;CommelltarY'onJafriSect; 'Sahib
" H~'lS .• I/7?, Balugh-u1·¥.ar'am,by Alla;,ui Ibn-e
cOmmits or abets murder., I~ he- not one who creates corruption' ("U) in ~IIJU1·-.(fJ:-A(lla1.Zl •
•...• a IS )204;. Afzshka.t; .' Vo1. lJ;"p.l71; SunanAbu
the land? [p. 26j paras. 75 to 77
< ' , " : .: ", -/!\l'ui 413, Hadls,'l09I;SunanJbn_e Maja,Vol. II, Hadis',
.~ ,a anc:- Maudoodi'on Tafhimul Qur'an,VoJ. .-J( Ii 614- .
Holy Qur·an.Verse~,4:29.. 4:'92, 4:93, 5:32,5:33",6:1'52,'17:33,2:205: 5:45, , on· Holy Qur'an by Matilana Abdul M, "dD '.' .'
'2:178; 2:263,'2:134i4:17~24:22,.A2:43.,45:14.,7:199'; 1bn-e-Katller'~ Com. Ashraf Ali and Mau/ana Shabir Ahmad Ufmani ref. a!, arzyabad"
. . mentary: on Holy Qur'an; . Verse I.7:33 ; ShahWaliullalz on Hujjat.ul-Lah ul Procedure Code (V or 1898)- ..
. BaJigha,Translatcd by Molana :Abu . Muhammad Abdul Jlaq Haqani~Vol. U
p. 431; Commentaries. on Holy Qur~a:n bY·Muhammad Ali: Jullundhri, Maul~ S. 345-Declaration-Section 345, Cr. P •• C.-Deals with pra'cedure <

ShaMir. 'Ahmad Usmani and. MaulalUlAbdulMajidDariyabadi; Islami ~fCourts-:-Fe~eral Shariat. Court, held, debarred from gjving a declara-
FUludari Qanoon by SalimratAHKlzan, p.163; ,Kitab.ul-Ikhtiya~ on Fathuf. lion, or directu;>os for Its ~mendment-rPer Salahuddin Ahmed
.' TaqdirrKjta~ul ,Fiqhby . Abdu,; Rellman Al:Jaziri,. V~J. X (Ur?uTranslationl. Cbalrman-:-SectJon 'not pro?edural to extent of denying heirs' of
'. p:489 and Anwar Ahmad,. Qadrz ,on ,IslamiC JUfJsprudence In the Modero ~,:ceased fight of pardon Or Qisas on payment of Diyat] -[Jurisdiction]
- World,. p. 299 ref. .~," . :," ' .. ~,' . U'P.24, 31, 81V. DDt EE & B ' , •
Per' AftabHissaio, Member- PenaJ Code (XLV ~rI860)-
(/) Co~~tituiIOft~r P~istaD(1973)'-:;, ': , ' , , ' ~' . S. ~~ 'read with Constitution of Pakistan' (1973), "Art. 203-0-': ',"
, ..;..;;,:.:: Art. 203-D-Islamisation of.la\vs~jsas-Cases -where Qisasnot lsia~ls~tlOn ,ofl~ WS-Contention .that Qur'anic verse confers right
, permittegby.Shariah •......:.[Qisas].[p.AJJ. para~ 151 et seq '" ': ;:>, 0, II1Og. on heirs only-Held. not correct-Verse _on other, hand
gJves a rIght to, society or
State to arran~e for execution of death
Per Aftab H~ssaiD. :MeaibU [Zak~ullah . Lodbi;aod,' KarimuU.ili Durl.· penalty. [pp.24, 25]W.&:X .... , . , ' ;,
, Members (Contra)]--" ,'" ,... " .. < , . . . ' :
- ,'"

,(}) Constituti~n.if
~ .. ',

Pakistan (1973)-, '

~ .
. ~: : ;
Holy f; JulJe'IseJ7:33~5:.3l; CommentarieSo~HOly~ur'anb~
· .. . ,. undhrz, Mau/ana. Shahir Ahmad Usmani and M. ul .
'. ~l~~ts.· 203~B & ,'. 203-D-Law' capable'~of_being , rendered Ineffective" ~ariyabadi;JslamiF~ujda.riQano~>n by Salamat Ali Khan ~ l';j~'
. '. without.leayins; a vacuum-Ceases to have effect after. expiry of time ....."·-.. ,....,,lltlyar on ,Fathul-Taqdlr; Kltabul Flqh by,Abdur ReItman ;'1~JaZi;i,'
 , 8FSQ,' "
,~ol.V(Urdti Transl~Hon), p:489 ; Anwar AhmadQddrlonls18ndc ,lIIm"'"_
in
"ence tbe ModernWorldandShah .Waliulla"·s Hujjat-uILah-ul
Vol. II. p. 431 'ref. ' . .' . " '." '.".. ',,' : '
(is) ~stitutlon of Pllklsuln (lt73}..;. , , " o·r' '
-J,Art. '203-D-:-Islamisationof Laws-Categories .
puriisbable with death. [po 271 Yet seq '~' " , , " '
,Siyasat-e-Sharia by'ImaniJbn·e~Taimla, p.22S. ,Translated by M"l'i1lM,."
'r Ismail Godarvl ref. ~,' .
Per AftabHassaill, Member [SaJahuddln Ahmed, Cbairnian ud 1111_111
. . DurraDi,
~
Member agreeiog]- .
. I
.~,
., " .

(0) Constitution of Pakistan (tt73)- . , . '. ..'

_ Art. 203-D':"-Islamisation of Laws-Rigbt of God-':Casesbaving
'.~ anelementofcorruption~Governed by prim:iple,of'Right of God-
.' Open .to Court to sentence ~culprit'bywayor tazir to . deathor
iinprisonment. [pp. ~8,54.71Z, KKK &..4. > ',.,
, (p) Constitution of Paklstan'(1913)- " ,
" , ' .'
~_ Art.203-D read with .Penal Code (XLVi of 1860),S.302-Islami·
sation of laws-:-Cases' of murderwbere right of Allah' considered
preponderant· over right of man-To be visited with tazir-:--Evidence
insufficient from standard of Islamic Sbariat_Sentenceof imprisonment
<, and fine to be maintained •. [pp., 29, 54, 71AA~KKK & A
.fer.l\ftab HUssain, Member ". [Salahuddin Abmed,Cbafrmao; Zakaillah
'.,. aDd Karbriullah Du~j. Members agreeiDgl-, ",,' ..... ,
. (q) Penal Code (XLV' ofl860r- . '.' .
-:--- S. 302-Constitution,' of Pakistan" (1973), "Art.. 203~D-lslamisa.
, tion of Laws-;--J.mprisonment.....;.IsIam: does recognize 'imprisonment as
. -,punisbment,or for detention-Sentenceof imprisonment and fine in
, S. 302, ,.Penal Code, 1860,'leviableby way, of ,'tazir and not
, . repugnant, tc;- Holy~Qur'an and' Suiuiah-Section302, however,
<requires to be,amended so as . to. irichide by way of provisos. firstly,
. ' provision about'persons' not tobe executed by: way of retaliation,
. secondly, manri.er of. compounding of oifenceby heirs of deceased
'·unle.ssc..UIPrit Hablefi.o.r.ttizJ(, an.d'.thlrdly ,. forum having authority to
· 'detennine question' of: geQuineness of compromise•...:..[Sentence]•
.. ' .' \' . _' , / . ; '. .... ...' ..... i .. ' .. ' [po 30]BB

.Holy Qur\'l1,'· Verse 33; .Commentary on Holy Qur'an' by. Maulana

Majid' Dariyabadi,Muhammad .AllJullundhrl ; Balgh-ul Maram
· 'lbn-:-e HajarAskalani,p. 242 and Kitab.:ul Asar.by Imam MutuImllll1
p.26S rif. . . . . . :, . .
'(r}Penai Code (XLV ofl860);"" . ' .......• "
___ ~S. 302read'with Constitution 'of· Pakistan (1973). Art. 203·D-
, Islamisation oflaws.:-Compromise-:-Question of deciding genuineness
, ora compromise and permittingcompositipn ina case of retaliation-
.. Tp be yested iri lIigb Court," wnether' agreement of' composition filed .
,during trial, or during appeal, or after judgment of· conviction but'
before execution of sentence. [po 30]CC . .' " '
· Per Aftab HUSsain. Member [sAIahu.win Ahmed, Oairman. Agh. Ali
.ZakaaUahl.oc1hl aod Karl.oDab Dunali, Members agreeilg)-' .
. tt)Crlminal Procedure Code (V of 1898)- '...
- S s . 401,402,402-A ,. &402-B and Penal Code (XLV.of 1860h ,
. S'S.; 54 &55' read with . Constitution of ,Pakistan (1973),
. , Art.203-D-Silspension, remission. and commutation· of. sentences-
..,Federator .. Provincial Government, held.' cannot press into servict
jurisdiction ''Conferredhy 5s. 401 .& 402-Bi Cr" P. C~ .to commute or
 / . ; ~.-'

" . ;A{LPAKi~A;W'tB~AiDBcisio~s
',­
, , ~ ~
~
. '

'-< .'.
8bF S C " ""'. ......,. . MUHAMMAD ruAZ'V'l1!DERAL GoVERNMENT'
. .~ic~t~eX~Ci1table~paynjendt,if·.·~~3~~n~t~0~r:;·;:r~6~:ra~·.·.a[pllSjl 00111.l1li, " -
. '(Sa/ahuddinAhined"Chail:tntlll) ~
I· ,,' l . - , ' J ' ,'_'"

.:,ullongst heirs of'decease acco . . . '," _ . : .'.'. Sh~'ri~t' Petitio~~ Nos: i;anclI2~f 1979 (Karachi)
· (b~) Penal C::Ode(XLV;~~~ead,'~iU~ Constit,!tiolt.,of".Pakistall.
, , ; ' .,' - -.j - '" -: :~.'" - - ",.' ,- _• - ,to 1 " • , ' ~ ,_. , , -. •

--:-::"' Ss. 302, ,304 ..' . "ttime or:executtonofsenten~ I.' MuhammadSha!i' MlI!uJlnmddi, Advocate fot. Petitioner.. ' .
!.I~' Art~203-D-:-:-Person msan~a "b'tdcto' .
,4his own ~ .son-Cannot ,besu ~ece ""', Sa~~dA..Shaikll,
' General for Pakistan.·. Dbputy . Attorri~y-Ge~l~raJfor Pakistan' fO;~:A~torneJ
· . [po 39]QQ, ' , ' . ' . .' .. ' : ..;' ..,.. . '
;(cc)cOnsUtutiOD of Paklsta~ (1~73)-f laws:....ComPensation~Rules' abou~ , .(S,
'. .M. l Memo~; Additional Advocate-General
'nd)• ". , " : . ''". ' . '".
' .. . "
(Sind) for, ,Advocate.Gen~
. . ,';," '"" ....,.
...;.......... Art. 203-D-IsJamlsabono '. . l' .[·42]1T etseq ,. .' • • '., ! .'.
"Jaid"do\ynin Supnah.-[Com~nSab?n., p'. ~ ,. .' , .' ". 'Date50fhearing-:'28th'and I3OthJuly 1980. '. , ' '.
· Per Zakaullah LOtIhi, Member-,' , .' . . . ........ '. '. ',e;' . ShariatP~titiO~!No.20fl979(Kara~hi}
'.' yid)Ptltr.l. Code(J{~V;!;~i~;d • with . Consiitutio~ of;'~~kistair"
',; ,Petiti~ner. in)enon.,
- ~" ~ , , ". • ? -'­

· - 5s. 319 to, "d :uQisas" '-'. Means ' equah~ation _ EqlJaIlSltiOil
, Art., 2OJ-D-Wor., ' f i . 'bi 'other; sUitable, ' .. '. Saeed' A. ··.Shaikh,.. ·])eputYIAttotney~General.··. fotPakistanJorAttorney.
· , however ~al~a~s, conslde~d easbs~itl:ted' mode ofpunishmen.t of General for Pakistan. / . ;' .', '" ..... '. .', _. . ..
.. '. ,of Islamic JUf1sI?rud~nce .' en~ s~. fioggingetc. and such diveISlon
· for eye" etc. by Impnsonf!len an.. r . '. r Holy
. considered offerisivetod,ctat~sandy~oA~l8GSS' .'. '.'
. . .• ·M'l.~Meinon.:'Additio~arAdvoiate-G~neral(Silid).
'(Sind) .,. .. ..... '. ". .;", " . :
:ror. :Aivdcaie-:General
: . c'
:'Wordsand phr~ses]·lpp.46, 48,41], '. ..... " . "0.' " . .
alii
' " ;' , , ,. '. . " ". .,,; .' " . '. .

'P~r ZakaoJlah ,Lodili.' ~ember [S!,lahlld.dan ·Ahmed~ ... airman ' ~-

'Shariat
-'
- -'-­ '­
Petition No.20.of1979:(Kaf~chi).,
' ­ , .'. ,­ . .' - , , '­ ", ,­ - '-.'

Haaida, J 'Member aotagreeiag]-. ,.' .,'" .'_

f'La~s-::'sCheme ~fpenotogy in
. , • ", " , ' ,_, _.' " " _.

(ee) Co'nstltutioaof pakistau,(19?3)-.0'

. , '. . Art 203-D-Islamlsatlon, . ' . . .. .[ . 46]ZZ et seq'
: arid m~thodology of its laws in field' of crlll1es.·;,p~ .....•.. ....
· ,', Holy Qur'an, Yerses ·5:45, and 42:~0 r~j. .... ,.
Per Kirimallah Dorrani, ~ember..."".· ~ " .,' '"
. COd (XLV of1860)-. , ',', ' •'
(Ii')PSena~02~ConstitutiOri of Paki!ltan (1973)•. Art.: "v/;),.:J'ov--u""""",
- ,,' . f d eased in Qatle-~Amd-Ue u,
.Qatle-cAmd-~el~Stoo cul;rit.-[Qatle-'Amd].. [pp. 54, ~8]JJJ &
/' grant total par o,y. 178 '5' '33 ,'and'Sahih Bukhar/, Yo). II,
. ' Holy' Qur'an, . erses.' , . ,.. ..
by' Quean Mahat, Karac,hl reI. . . ' . . .
·perSalahu.mDAhm~:C~aim.aa-} ,'..... "
'(cg),~oniltttUtlon or !aktStlt!l (1!"3~f l~w~~Wotd "CDiyat~-Diyat
. ~ Art~20~~D~Islamls~I~~~~r· arty'· and. <?ffen.der-Court,· ., .
." a· matter.. '.. . at~ agg
' h 1 between. .' . Pble" s'ettle'm'e.nt"
a reesona· .and. hence
. ..free. to.
.
'. i~ to~ .e p~r,I1r~ ht \;f ~relevanr circumstances' prevaiEng at tune '~". '::",::
Petiti<?nerf i~ perSon;:
, ' •.• , . ".' .•.. " ••.. . .1: <,_ . "." :.:.,.
. . dlscretu;>D 10 Ig , ......... '{D' t] '.{p" 8]F ...•. :­ ..... . . . . :' , C,." :" •

capacity of Qffender. topay.-.- ..1ya ',; • . . . · ' f ' .' '... '). '
.••.. .. " 'j' :Shariat Petition·No.~ 15 ofl979 tJ..abore . .'.' ..' 'Saeed A.' siraiklt;,DeputY'A~torneY~Gen~~a~rf9r': Pakis!an:for:Atiorney~~
. ", ',­ " ,. .. .f'Oeneealfor:Pakistan.: .........-;.'.. ;_.Y':,'·,.... J/ "":' "f
. . ,Dat~s of hea'ring : 3rd;9th.~~alOth;Augu~t i98Q'. ".. " _.
- ""-, - - '" -

.,
KhOlid M. 'lshaq.·S~nior,AdvoCati: Amicus' cur!ae (in' ~di'Cases)~
. ·'llabibur1!ehmanKfmd,lwlVit·JlJfisccmsutt (in aU~ases)~ •.~. '
,' . . . :Dat~s:oflieatjnf:9th·.ai1d;.10,th:Augu8i-l980~,:.: ',.
. .:;,;:i\f;;:,i3'·!·<::';El!~~::.;,.:{;;.· ,')..• ' "'.'•. . . . . •,.,.;; . . ..
·'SAL~HUDDiN ·Ain.mD'c'flAiRMAN.' .··.r:h,ave :-4arefciU~y·perUsed.the;erUdi~.~
.jud~~~t;propose~;t9.:~~.~eJ!vereg. by; my !e;ir~ed·~r~ther.:An.ab":H.U&s~t,t ;
".<

Judge,,; .1 sUbStaJ1baJIY,agree'wltblum: a,nd,hls~oncluSl011S;;;J',.$bouldJ;~o,!~yer;. '.

c1ik9;t().;maIc~:s6~f()bServat!?ils"~;:;"j~:c' '" .' :.:.',: . ::: ',_ "',/;;.";':,
 - "" ':, - ,: '. :: .,. " ,~- 'YOL.xxXu
-~ Au,;PAKiSfA~:LooAL DilcIS!0N3· - '~,<J _.
Sii:F, ~ q" '~',''', :'
h' h permits. -,tbe belli'S
.-

":' , .. ~p;,;i -i~ mind tli~,J~j~"J~n~~:~~'::f lbi~t" t,am of tbe~,",

: the deceased to' pardon, ,~~C 'affects' their right. masmuch

secti~h tb~;er~,;,:
roced et01s, ! :

derue&~i1 T~e~ti~~~\nClined .t~" agreeh:~ith ::~',:;~:i~~.

'. tbat -3:!5(7)" Cr. to 'his extent, "not-.mer ilie _cUt
,in character, ~n
.' ,is ,Left to 'itself,
'~Gul' Hassan :teporte ? a be procedural; : ~ ~,' ", ',;\'
d .. P L D 1980 Pes .' on I ", , ','

--however, sect~~n ,~4,5 ~7,. ~,1, ' ',',. '.' "" . 'r' present purpos.e.
"f' _,,:
0

/ ,0 We are

.. ' ':, " hls, • however: not much .materlal,for: oOtetc.', P P. C. to see whether

' ',' :r lS,: ,

,required to e:(amme
the provisions 0£sect,lon'30, , , d'if so: to what extent;

, the' Injunctions ofI~1a~, a~., . ,': ~" "

' they are repugnant t.o . 'd' this questton4' _, , '.

~ . There is no inhibitipn ~n consl erlllS , ' h: d 's'on of tbe Court will

' , " ' As to how, an d'· ,10 ';w hat~'manner t e eel rh~_
dcte'rmine. 1 •
':lews , :x~
'ressed by

"i~plemellted .~~ fo~ ',the·~~:·n;~~~!~ision' Co~rt-.,are: ~eant

,
: oC the' for
CouitexctudlDgof,c~u ofthelaw.maker.,." ,~,""," ", '
' 'considerahon and 8:ss1st~nce , ~, " ' .. 'bie'in the case of murder I
t
- .' . . ""'regards the.,na ure. .
... !. , • ,'- of
:' pardon of'
'Qi...' on payment , -0f', -'Diyat' only
permlSSl 110
. , am of the . opinio n .that 'dP~rtdofrOom S II' verse. 178,' quot~~h:~se'Yehwec~ Theil

::'':;';;''t~h::'al~d~ed~fO:~nti~~d:.Q\'~~a~:h';ffi~:;.ot
' • • 'ble ·This IS eVl en, " , I 0 support t IS '.VI. ,

.' ~~,.:; 0;': \0 ~: ~~.:~v~e ~filiTI1~IY Q~~'aiti which:' 11Ct1''''' the

~eares
Ahadis. are of'~ J::;'. . ' ',... . .'
. 0, .'

. ','Injunction on the,quest~~n, ;..-' ,,' .- 'f 'serious :hurt when

' ," , In' , . ~ providins"for.p}lnl~ 'hmen. b~ orden:d,.-.~~

' t In t
rec:.pect 0 b'" •

IP,?lDg
. 'Court finds that, Qisas
preSCrlvv.
"c~~~ion'
·t..;'d . I :say so·thbecause lOw
ggnev"'d .
of, pbysical Plltn
'but is , apt'.
'aetc;n;D~I':
wilL oota
• toctiact:!-i
r
' ,some s'atisfacti?ll: to e, a f 'Qisas' in Islamic' I~Jun 0 ns: s
party,
. ythich is the object a1!d ~~r~ose~, _ f nishIn~ni: we should not be
. ',' While eoosideripg the guest!~n ?co~~isting Muslim~,and,ntul1"~Y&U'~"':''''
of
,of !he r~lity b~~~ha~ ~~dte~unishme~tS wa~'()f-. ~aazlr
that ."Ye by
It ,IS" t~eredfore,. deoSlrrapor:ted as pu~ishnients. :'. ;.,' ,", ;:. ':.
: ,be. retalne .?r· me.. ..' .". ..

• . "7;"~D" ,. t"is;'·a. ma'tter,prir:na:rdy •

. ........... 1yathe:·Court:stepsto

;The' ~Court· tnc:reIU~\;;"

,st;tUell~~n:'~t:ihe;,'ie~vant . .circmi1l~nl~~ ob,rlOUISIY:

. to;l'ay
 .' MUHAlOOi> RiAZ V.~EOERAL GOVERN~
. . ';, '.' . lAfla.~ Hussam, Member) ' . . .. F S.c 11
'be so ~epugnant, cCaSe toh~ve effect on the. day .on w~ichtbt
'. , ....decisionof theCourt takeseifect. '" for an e . 't h .... . ' ...
h person, or Y~beO~~~~~t df'!~i;~~~) p,¥gon ~f the. ?ffender by the
j ; .... ; ' .••. . , ' ' ..

'. ,')'~)Adecision of the Court shim be expressed in terms of the

. . . 'of the majority of· itsmembets. and shall be published inthe urts. However; in Sharia Qi • J= • ere IS .no QI~as in uninten­
'. Gazette."':" ,. ,. . . " ,.... .'.' cut from the very joint. The b sas IS u~l1ted to cease where the ;Jimb
a corol1~ry there is. no Qisas, 'in ~:s~ ~n fjnelther be cut or injured therein.
. 4., According to" Clause (2) of' Article 203-H .ofthe'said Order, t!'e enbre lIose~ , or the .tong ue r' a racture of ~ bone, for the cuttin :
·'. proceedings under. Clause (1) of Article 203 of the Constitution', that may IS notexhaushve).If the inju~e/ part of the hp; . (The Jist given bg.
.pe..n.di.ng ~befor. e a. nY·High Court," .im.media.tely. be.fo.r.e. t..h.e c. ommence.menl or a~epts.'Diyat·, which i'; t person, . choose~ to . pardon the
,thiS. Cbaptershall stand transferred to the Court, ,and shall be dealt
.by the' Court.fromthe stage from 'which' they are ;transreired·~•. It is S' questlO~,?f any:;I'a'azirat alh 0Tf sabsfactonly proyed, there is
.11,; 178 •. JSa ~oncession from. yOIS, as to befound I,nthe latter
I.
" . . to, be," seen .'. that the . appeals' froin thi/> Court,' as from' .the decision{of
· Shar~at Benches of the HighCourtare to be presented' befoie the it e .limits sJIall be 10 grave penalty" ~h Lord.. After this Whosever
:t
. . . e~ are'0!1I~ three situations en~isage~ text ft: e Qur.'an . is very
,I
• Sbanat Bench of the Supreme Cour~~ .'; ..' ..•. .' ..., ..... " an 'say thiS IS. not the end of th an t e Court. cannot
.... S; . The powers; j~risciictibn and 'ft;nctions or: th~'Sha~iat :Benches !UDISllmelnt bY.way of a sentence' f ' . ematter, and someadditicinal
,/theHigh Courtwere identical even in, terms, to the powers oOhis with. The q1lality. of ~er~~P!lSOnment ~r fine has still to be .
. The Peshawar Bench had specified a date from whichtheorder.was , provide· the. requisite sati~}a~?t sttramedh;" !h~ payment of
. effect and . we are inforined,.,that the Government of Pakistan had an accused,agree t0· · . Ion '. '!t e Vlctllll. After all
an appeal against the' said decision, which is pending before. the about bisfate 1 . " , , appear the Victim, if he is . still kept .
. Court., No stay bas so far been granted and looking to, the object
. scheme of the law, it • cannot' be conceived,thatan offence: of
10. As a' r~sult. I wili"dismiss S
P N ;"2 I .• '.' " .. '
the :N.-W.F.P.; will' be dealt with'differentlyJromthe'rest of the ,and allow the> ren::ainin' ?: 079-Karachi aridS.p.
,,-n.4U.I.•,all.
.accordingly,.,in acCordance with g petitIons. Th~ amendments· to
" IS onlyto cons.true the law, and nO:~~I~~:ra~~.Sharla, as.the Court's
Asa 'successor Court in every' senseoftheword,< though
c~nstitut~d; to my mind, we. stand oeoarred from adjudicating th~ same
once agalD~ ,,'" . .. . '. ,. . , 11. Befor~parting'with the Jud . ; " , . ' '.... .' ..... .' ",
fQeDlte<111esstoMr. KhalidIsba • for rent, r woul~ like to express our
6•. It has been held by th~.Peshawar Bench, that an'.offe~ce of and at such a sh~rt notice'ndeed. very able, asSistance as an ainicus
1s
. "call be condoned by,pardon~. or on payment' of 'Diyat', otherwise
. 'convict was to face the pena1tyof death..The same principle win MEM~ER.~This i judgment :'~iU .
AnA.beD.' J:fUSSAhIN,
. , attracted in the cases ·of. abettors under :sections 109'. and ~'114, P. P.e. anngt e folIo W1Dg Nos.-., .... dispose of ,9 'Shariaf
". support thereof, reliance is placed on two Ahadith as to'be found. on page
· ,Vol. II ofMislikat-Al-Masabih, as' translated in English; by James Robson;
>, • ',' " . ' - • ,-' • ,- ~, •
(1) S. P. No. 13/19-Lahore.
(2) S. P. No: 6?n9~Lahore.
"Ibue Umarr~orteo the, Prophet as saying,' i(~man seizes a

and another kills him,·themanwho killed him is to be killed

. (3)8. P~ ~o. 9/80-Lahore.
. ,the one, who seized hini is to be.itnpi'isoned:Daraqutni transmitted
(4)S.P.N:o.2;79-Karachi•
Sai'd bin . AI~M~~YYib iold tbat ,I Uma'r'bin AI-Khattab kiUedfivc (5) S.P. No. 12/19;'Karachi.' .
seven people for . one . man; whom they had, . killed .trellcbe:rolill (6)S~}».No.7/80.Karachi~ '. i"

Umarsaying"If the '.' people of San'a' had .. conspired (7) s. P~ No. 4/SO:Karacbi.
.would have· killed them aU'. .' Malik .transmitted: it,. and (8) S.P; No. 1/19-Karachi.
. transmitted something similar oniheauthority of Ibne'Umar."
"' '. .- , ,', r" _. ,.; - """'~
(9) S. P•. No. 20/79-Karuchi.·
" 7. 'l'hequestion orany'compensation, as envisage,Fundersection
. 2. The main 'point in the
first 6 . .. "';' ..... • '. .' ..•
..
oflhe Code of ,Criminal Procedure, whethetthe'oifender meets the
penalty under the Sbaria. Law, is pardoned, or pays\Diyatl does not C
302, P. P. C. and sections 345 and 38r~t'0~s S t1~e repugnancy of sec;.
In addition to this in S p~TO' 1~/79 KWlt~.the holy Qur'an and'
,
because it will be in excess of the penalty prescribed.. .
.' . . 109 and 111;P. PC' whicli d~ 'I 'h· arnc 1 Jhe provisions of
. 8~ The 'contentions . raised against the provisions: of sections 337 :halJengedas being' 'repugnant toWl~ii thes~cl~ten~e .of all.. abettor
Cr. P. C. arid, sections 133 and' 134 of the Evidence Act were not
,They are otherwise, devoid of merit~ ,as' any law relating to the E~ld~·n~;.1J./1.9;Karachi .. to sections. 401 e to 402~~·5Il~A:.· c~.ls3, C~
of any Court-Of Tribunal cannot be assailed 'until' theexpifation
. years under the Scheme of the. President's Order referred to above•. 3. In the • iast me~ti~ned 2 ef't' .". " ., ':' . ~ ." '.
Noll' 20/79.Karachi~ theprovisifns 10If::ti:~s ~37~oi8 1/79-KaraChi 'and'
, ,9. As for the intentional bodily hurts as to be', found in cba enged alol1g w1th the proviso .' f '. .. an d 339, Cr.P. <:
·like
.
32S.:326"P.··P.
.
C., .the, punishment
. as .prescribed
(
- ­ .~

. ." ' '.

Id:
It is also'urged'in S. P.No. 1/19~~~~ichie:~~~n~ ! B and 133,Evi~e~ce
,JU gment, of convictIOn',

12FS'C ..
based .~~. the evfdence,of ~q ·approver.·or an uri'~~li'~bi~ ;;It,nei:. is _no jl!dg}ll~Dt
.' .:.in the' .eyesof lawcandin any case:where,there:is;,ddference ';c;>t\'Opl~IOD
.' regarding.the criminality of an ,accllsed:personb~twe~n the Jud~t~e.
. majorit~ikfinding against the: accuse~ while ,the.. mmonty"holdl~~. tnbls
favour, tlle:accused shouldb~ given tne"benefit of doubt~.:LastIl'ttls,¥,ged
. /~jn that petitionthati(aperson merely,abets a,murder1!e cannot be.punlshed
.: ~Y'\vitlC death ,as ithe~ punishment ofQi~s~ can,.,e",reaked feom· the actual
'muraerer only~,.,; . '.. : . . ' . , , ; : , : ;
.'. :4..p~titio~No.. ft/80:'Klirichichall~nge~th~dpr,rivisi~ns: 'a~ouis~nt~~
, in sections 32S,326~329, 331, ,333,;33Sand',338~and' non~omp~)Undablbty
. of some' of these offences.,. ',',;~ ." ~,<;' :.
. '5~'iThe'~~ntenii6n~in~ihese,petitio~s;to.be. inore.";s~ific~'may be
summarised as follows:-'"", . ••. ~:),;.~J. .;i ,;;;'J,: "
,'(l)Section30i 'p~ovides~ t?r"~~lltence ;'~f~d.ea,th' :or'; l~fe i!"prisonme.D,t
'. ,.; and fine.: The' contention. .Is ,thaLthe ~eDtellc() offmeand. lite
':imprisoriment should be .s~bsbtut~. by'one:of.tiloo~-~oney (Dlyat)
; if the legal heirs'ofthe deceased vIctim pardontne,accusCd~, .
. '(2) Alternatively the offence ofmurde~,:s~ouldbe made',compourldablo
'..... under section 34S/Cr~'P.C. read .wlthlts Schedule II. ' , . f '.' _
(3r}'h~epunishl?lent:oH~pn~onmen(; a~~/o< ,fine"for other ioffencesof
.'~ .body'Vlz, sectIOns 325,)26; 329. 13.31(333,'\33S,a,n~338 should be
. replaced by the puWsbment,of. retaJlatton(Qasas) ." or In case of 'pardon
" by the· accused of ~ompensation, (ursh) ~or ~~e .injury , caused !o tbe
victim and' -aU these. offences should,be made' compoundable In the
:' SeCond Schedule o£tbe'Code . of: <;riminf!rJ~~o~ed~~~,'-'~~~d,. with ita
. section 345 (S;'P',No. ,4/80-l{ara~hl).~~,. ",., ..,' ',..,' .
(4):t:'lopei:so~" other' thanthe'C~ctual' kille~": des.pi~e beIng. ana~ttort
• ,can. be' subJected. to ·the, pUDlshment "()( . ,retalIatIon . (Qlsas) S~ P.
No 1/7g.Karachi). .' . ','""":,,',,
(5)" r~ ca~ede,atb:of one person is ca~s~d:'~;,·s~'Y~.r~i,',:~;~~~S;"~~'those
persons ,cannot be ordered to be put to dea,~()r.e~ut~~~ " ' .
" (6) The provisions of, section 381, Cr~P~,C.'\vhi~h>renQe~s e~ecution
. of an . accusooperson, obligatory are' contrary. to Shanat, smce tbe
offence ' can b~ 'compounded by the ,heirs. ofthe 'accused ,or of the,
. deceased or the victim himself onthe o~e,h~n~ ,alldtheaccusedon tho' . rakes. effect.' . SimiI~r.; were the, powers) of the" Shariat:"Benches' of the
"othe,r even after the pronouncement offmal]udgment.bythe Court.
··.. ,(7)Sec~ion S41-~'which' provides for COtn'p~is?rYiriip'osiiionof. fi~
.• which may ,101t.S tumbe payable to the v1c.tim., or hl~~ te~l heirs ~
bad for the. reasons' tbat the amount' of compensation IS not ID
. conformity with the gravity of th~ . offence, it should be equal to the
';shlndard'diYatorursh."',·" ;'.: :.,.c'. t, .'-.'
(8) The provision; i,nthe'Cri~imilJ Procedtire:, code',land: the 'Evidence
"Act abo·ut.the.admlssibility,of evidence"of an"approver' and grant of
" pardon' to' im:accomp.ice (in"sections ,337; '.338 :&' 339,' Cr;P•.C. and
-;:seCtions 1l4(b)'an~'J2~ ?f. J;vidence ~c~),Can~ot,~, stand'· the t~ of
scrutiny under Sharmt smce such an accomphce \In' case of. cOnfe8&1OD
,is liable to be subjected. to" punishment. and cannot' furnish
. evidence insisted upon· by Shariat~ . ," ' " ie, i
. (9)' A judgment based ',upontheievidence'Qr an:app~o,veroran !lccompliof
., should be declared to:be ~nojtidgmebt in. the eyes Of law;' " . " , .
, 'd' ::",_:-":L';P; ""f; J-J;:'.;.o_~-;;:-_~_;:"'\.\\:~,:-~"
·-.MUHAMMAD RiAiv.~EDBRAi. G~VERN*' FS'Cl~
' . (Allab Hussain, Member) ,
'" ".,.'_'-. ~~,,:~"~~//l '"--'/;)1;:~ ;y; ~ l~'::-·.' ::_:,:: ~,,',·,;'r' - -. :.; _, "N",; ,; ".. :'~ ~
(lOYThe ,p~ovisions.of sections 109 ,andlJ1jP.P. C. which: 'provide
, for· the same pUnishment to an abettor as provided .fo'r the actual
culp~itcannot' be sustajn~d in, regarq .' to Qisas< since, according ,to'
. Shartat only the actual killer can be executed. " ' " ,
·(ll)·.An~ ~differeri~~:cof ,(j~l.~!ori:,H;~(,ng.·}he.)~dgbs··iri,!egar"d:'to'·the':
, >cu~pab~l~ty of an ',accused .: person entItles.. hlm to benefit of doubt ..
.:~::i~~~ha~~:s~~ittal,'~otwit~t~n~I!lg . ~he 'h1,aj~ri!y,t~~inioriheing"
6. 'A;;'p;e1i~irim:Y'~b~~ion \vasraised by Mr•. Khalid':.Ishaq;ibaLc .
. ." ..
the ,matter" underdISCJJSSlon., has:aJreadybeenthe: subject-matter of::,
'.IJeCII!IOn 'm;case pU/Hassan Khan: v~Government,oIPakisian(1),(Shadaf,;'
has, become effective.;the petitions . challenging; those matters. ,
been dealt with by the Peshawar High COurt are. ,therefore,
~ect~ve., Other ~earned cou~sel argued· in favour' of the above judgment ".
being bmdlng on tbls Court.' i.-.; .' .....•... .... .... .;.. .' .•. ...• . ' ' .......•'. ' •
7;Th~~P~shawa;High ~Courtheld il{'tb~ above: case 'tbai '~~tiQ~s 54-55:. .
,Pakistan Penal ~.Code.· and ,sections' 401;402. ~402-Aand:402~B. ofthe: ; .
€riminal' PrOcooure ',' Code. are:rej>ugiuiilt. to the. Inj unc'til)nS of!slalli: !twas" ;, ;
rurtherhe!dthatsection '34~(7). ~nd relevant'parts-ofthe.8ec'ond Schedule of 'c. ,
Cr. P.C;ln sofar'as offences concerninghuman,bodY.lvlde ; Chapter XVI of
Pakistan Penal Code) are co'ncerned. are repugnantto the HolyQur'aa and
'The Court., however~ "declared"that, the" pemllty'prescribed .·in
XVI ,of. t~~, ;Pllklsta n renal Code:; ;with :resPecLto,,?ffence~.; ag!l!~~t
body::pa.!tlcul~!ly ,secll!ln ,~O2. can l>elnadetocollfor~to;th.e InJun~7:
ofIsJam;by l1~,dJtlonofpfoy"slo~sfor.pardonor p'c:m~.1ty;orDiyat. .'.
8. Article~203-D ' of, the Constitution provides that:~if',the'FederaL'>
SbariatCOurt finds that allY provision of law isrepugllant. to the Injunctions"
oflsiam itshalJ state ,the' extent; to which 'such law or an:yofits~ provision,
, so repugnant. ,It further,; provides' 'that jf any Jaw or;, provision.; ofJa\vJs .
round,by the Court to be so repugnanfthe:Presidentwithrespect. to a"matter ,
.
in the· Federal or-Goncurrent,-LegisJative List;:: or.·the :.Proviricial .Oovernment: .~'
in the case of law with respect to a;'matter~ not enumerated in any ,of these,. '
isrs shall take steps to amend·the Jaw'so as to bring it in conformity with the ,­
provision of Islam and such law or its provisions as: are held to be, repugnant)
ibalJ cease to.. haveeffect,onthedayon which the judgment of the ,Court
HigbC~ur~~~:':;G~;".,'l;;;':' .", ::y"~:t:;;; "';~'L,':' .J;··;t~·~!,;;~~;;;~' \...... :./':,
.9.;The :above; Constitutional :, provision ..contemplates",that wh~na law
i
I1ll be rendered'ineffectivewithoutJeaving a,vacu'um, it.shall· cease to ,have
after the expiry ofthe .time fixed 'by the ; Court. But .in case JheJirw . '
; amendment,'~ the !judgment can: become effective: only after the
rtlllglll\Ul.I!;;U\ as:ordered by~heCourt. is made by ,the ,relevant ,Legislature. ,
.""'~ !~'I\~ .:i~_:__ ~ :', ,-.~_
,:,_:",.-.. >.. ;,,._,,~ -~_. ,-,_'.. ,~_'!' ,<_", '
,:,:,
10,: Nowin the,present~.ca·se the High ~ Court' of' Peshawar did'strike
-, ,',,:­ "t
the, provision of sections,401to '40Z:Bbut. the:; same-'cann~t sai r be i
,section 302, P.P.C.aitdsection;34S·and II Schedule. 'of tIle. Code 0
r.;'Km~·'Procedure.;'Section ,345' andthe said' Schedule'donotprovide fo
comootllDd;abiUtv,of an:offence\~of murderandsomeotherbodHy injuries.::
• . . . " ireq'uire amendment;' ' Sirri ilarty '. 302 would ,!requiie{' '.,
IlllellOmlent by . of provisions about pardon or .pa'yment of comjjensa1:
. In these Circumstances, the argument:. that,.these)aws have; ceased;: to'
>:[;;i(1)P'L D'1980Pesh. 1<
- "' ;""~.- -''"'",-,<::: _.

I /
14 F S C:
'~e~isfbas, not ,impresse~me. 'They are still.on tb.e' statutc'",boob andnol
amendment can be read mto them., unless tbey· are· amended in the mannal
, directed by theUigh Court., ,< : , ' , ' . ' ,
/:'" "'",,11. i.am:also notin ~gieemen~ ~itlrthe'$Ub~i~ion:made:attheBa
'that this Court, being 'jn aU' respects ,asllccessor ,.Court 'of the ,Peshawa
'i l'
Sl)a.riat Bench,', is bound by !bat decision: Firstlytbatdecision was by a Ful
, ,'Bench, oft~ree,' ,Judgesw~de ~he 'pres~ntcaserare being heard by a large
" Bench',of fIve members of this ,Court;, Even as a' successor Court itb
I problems faced· by·. ·. this . country may,' however~. be absolutely rie\vproblems
.J
• :'-t , ~ur!sd~ct~(ln, ~o differ' from the Shariat Bencbor Peshawar. ,Secondly tb
JUflsdlctlOn of tbePeshawar Bench' being ,limited to its own territories i
judgment,.,couldnot:birid, any other: High Court., This flaw of territoria
jur!sdictio~ h~s ?e~n: removed now brthe, setting liP: of this "Fede11lJ.;,9> . '
w~Ich. has Jurisdiction throughout Pakistan., For. these reasons tQe prelJmJDa
obJectlOnSls repelled., ' ". ' , "",' "
· " 12. 'Before proceeding to.co~ider.the que~tions'raised'inthispetitionI
, would like to deal with the extent ofjurisdictioIioftbis'Court. Article 221
, .• o~ tbe Co~s!ituti~nprovid~s 'thatexis~ing laws sball tie; brought in conformity
~ .wlth tbe lDJunctions.,as lald~down 10 the Holy QuroanandSunnahofthe
• ,Prophet(peacebe;uponhim)and no law in future'shilll bemade.wbich is
·.i ••... , . . : .
". rtpugnant'totbeHoly'Qur·an and SunDlih.' Th~' jurisdiction ofthilJ Court .
under. Article2~~~D is,'therefoFe,' Ii mited todiscoveti ng the repugnance
.
ofa,law:orproVIsloIl0f,)awto the holy Qur'an and Sunnah.:" , ­ . . .
of·
,..··;1~3.'Tbe 'p~ill~i~;e underwh'i~h th~'rcPuin~nce bfap~rtic'uiilr law to the
Injunctions ofIslam has to be judged is' thus 'limited .' to tbeconsideration
ot
\of the question whether the Jaws soughf to be challenged· before this Court
are tnconformity<with the"InjunctionsofJslama.s laid ,down io'the Holy
·Qur an and Sunnah of tbeProphet (peace be upon him)•.. Itt would;thereforc, .
..:00 clear than~e language of ~he ~onstituti0!l does n.ot.warra~tlany ~ttempts.
. ~t .harmoOlzmg the,law~ wIth. any: partIcular," Jurisprudence . (Flqh) . or
,Juflsprudence of any partIcular school of ~ thought. orsect~ .On the other .
:,'handit appears that reference to· anY'particular . doclrinal:approach (fiqb
.. has been eliminated deliberately so as to enable the Courts. to test the validi
,: of a law onlyon·the critetia of.commendments laid down' .in the holy Qur'a
,or the Sunna~. of the Propbet-(peace be upon him). . " . ' ,.'
. .'14..'Looked in this': co~teJttii ,woulci :'bec1elu' tb~t' though ;doctrina
approach (fiqh) 'of. different schools .' of thought . niay. have a· persuasiv
value 'which it· undoubtedly·.has ·and 'hi .. many 'cases full assistance may
.obtairied froin' it in the interpretation of the, texts' of the hoJy, Quroan 0
traditions' yet this Court cannot bIiildIYfollow.· the doctrines (fiqb) of
particular sect. If the intention of the Constitution had been: to apply
, ..: sectarian'doctrine to mattersofpubJic law (asdistinguished frompersoDa
• Jaw) aU .the difficulty would have been obviated:by.replacing the presen
public .law by, Fatawa Alamgiri. 'But. clearly this is not .the. object oftb
Coristitut!onto which-: it . appears. abh()rrent. to 'de:"lolish '.' tbe ~ existing lega .
·structurem order to raise a new structure of pubIiclaw•.,The 'constitutiona
·-jntent is. only torepilirthe ,existirig structure byeJiminilling from itwhati
repugDantto,the,divio~;Iaw.comprised in the holy Qur'anand theSunnaho
.',the Prophe~ (peace be ,upon him) and amtlnding the law to make itconfor
to the said divine law. ... , ' '
;" ',t"
....,' '. ..... ."
. ,,' -,,'
,: :.' .' <
-' ,. ' .
. : ;IS.Interpretations ofthe'divine law is' a! niatter ,wbichwould require
\he. facility of consultil1gopinions of·' all 'our renowned j!lrists.Tbepossibility
•
"
VOL-XXXlt 1980 . MUHAMMAD RiAZ·v.FEDliRAL GOveRNMENT
..- (Aftab Hussain. Member)
.' r -'. .
cannot btHulcdout that thc,iriterpretation 'onap;'lrLiclJlarl'~int by
:t jurist . ,.
belonging to school of thought different· from .the.one·to which I belong may
commend itself ,tome.,as being nl(lr~ in.line 'with the requirements of the
modern MusliID:Society in the country. In view of the Compatibility of
such view. with the requirements of our society.it wHl be logically realistic to
adopt it asaff6rdirig, guidance in the task assigned .to .. this . Court~ Some
fonvhich no' jurisprudence may provide any guidance. It is also possible' i·
that while, differing ona point our old jurists might have taken intoconsidera- .
tion different· a.lternativ~butmight 'haveeith~r ignored' some, alternative or .
,the requirements of the modern society !llay· prod uce' or generate a new option. :
Ifmay not be possible in such' cases to rely upon theirview~ 'The elimination' :.
from the, text of the Constitution of reliance . upon a -particular sectarian
doctrine is not, therefore, without reason. " , - '.
,. '.16;,'10 'my.~ie~.the methodology to . remov~ from our Jaw~ ~ny:~IlCOQ
jruitywiththe boly Qur'an and Sunnah ~hould be a:sfollows:~, ' , ' .. "
. (I) To findiri 'the firSt instance tbe relevant verse or verses 'in the hoi
· Qur·an regarding the question in issue ; ' i
...•.
(2) Tofln'~ ()~t the relevant Hadi.s <Tr:adition/,orth~ Holy ~roPbet'(pe3 .
. ' J>e upon hIm. ' .. ....... .... ... . '. . ...... '. . ............'.
·(3) To' discover the intent, of th'c Qur'anic', verSe from the" Traditions
.... theh91yProphet (Pcacebeuponhim); . , " . . . ; ...' .
l4)To 'as~rtain the· opini~ns of and.viewsad~Pted .,'by all jurists
· renown onthat, matter and to examine their reasoning, in . order t
.determine their, harmony with the present day requirements, or ifpos
· sible.to modulate them to the demand of the modern age;.and· -,
.(5) To , discove~. and apply.~ a hist resort any bthe~ option which should
· no doubt be In harmony With the boly Qur'an andSunnah•... · .. '
.' ·17; )(m~y' be\\,orthwhile Il1eniioningih~t -ni6re . ~r less the same'
principJesare adopted by·. the"Council' of Islamic Ideology; as would be. clear'
. from pages18 and 19 of 'Majmua:Qawaneen~e.lslam. Volo I, by, Dr~Tanzil.ur- ','
Rehman (now Justice). ··P.rinciplesfoJlowed by tbe C9uncilare:-;-: . .
'(1) Todisco'{er.therex~ofthe Holy:Qur'an and to referJo it~
(2) If the Injunction in the· holy Qur'anis 'clear,': and 'dQe8'noi'~equire
.' anyfu!t.he! elucidation,o~ warrant: any : difference ..of 'opinion, to
accet'tlt wdhoutany hesitation•. , .. . '. , . . . ' , ; ..
· (3) If. there be any , difference of, opinion· on . the inteipretatioii' of the'"
. Injunctions in the holy Qurtan; tofirid out the relevant!ladis. .... " . '
(4) If tbere. be different ,Traditions and: if it be difficult tobarmonise them,
. " to fin.d oun~ecOt:.~t·Hadis on' the prindples' laid down for discovery
of such HadIS. . . ., . ' . ;
(5) If there be noJnJunction eitberinthe HoJy Qur'an or'inth'eTraditio'~
. buttbere' be 'ISma among the Caliph or different Imams tcadopt the
.same.·,: .' '. .' , . '.' " .... .
· (6)' Incase of.differen~ . ' of ,opinion . between .different Imarris to, find out .
.. · the,~er.si,?n!whicli. hai ~ofa! bee~preferred and toa.;iopt it only in·
. case It,ls.m.acco~dance With therequIfernent of the present era. .,
. (7) In case it cannot be adjusted to modern conditions,. to adopt
· . ' the several views ,of the jurists! ..... ". . . '..'
-
- --:E--
---
-+­
 " ALLPAlcisTAN,LBOAL·DEcisioNS " MlmAMMADijAZ V. FEoERA,.O~~muiMENT F S C17~
.' '. . . - "', ~:--:'·":~-;-:~·,:l£;.-_1'~_('>;-'-'::-'-;";",: _ 1 _ _ :, " .' ': .. ' . '" (AjtabHasail1"Member) .
(8) In case there be no guidanceil1 the Holy Qur'au and Sunnalt , .... : - ' . , . ­ '. - -. II

" :,:i the opinions ofdifferent school~ of thoughts,' also '. be notacceptab!e. 11110:60 rebuke'is ~dministered'for this~
2H,t,resort to Ijtihad, ~d: ;,,:z,l ~i;.;,'.F"d} ;:(
. "Have 'you '':<)llsidered "'Yhat ~pr~vision: Allah hath .' 'sent dqwn for you,.

"'.': i";'/ ',J8!.·.••• tb'lls: the .·.C'Ouncil:als'o; aeceptstbe.principle···· or'cboosingfrom , how haye you made oflt lawful and unlawful.... . '

.opiriiolis ,'of! ourrenowned)urists' and as' 'a' las!' 'resort' of embarking

.'. ' . Ijtihad,\the 'object' ;jri either case \being to :'recoricile, the requirement 23., :\lIatyia Sh~bir 'Ahmad Usmani' hit; repeate(i and' developed" this
. :;~;'\~:;presei1tera with tlie' teachirig' oftheQurtan'and 'the Sunriah; " ; , ·10 hl.s, commentary' of th~ HolY.1Q~r·an at various plaCes seepages 00

. -',,','
. '. 157, 159 and 363. ,Anysdenceabout I~wfulness or prohibitions , ' •
'~-/);' '"'J"-'-'~' ;~. \_;,-'-,:~~n~'_-n1 ~"'.~",_~;"" ,-"".~>;\ -~! "._~ ~_~>tJ>'<:·;': ')-,,; ,.',':-'
I._~\--- • ,".

, .~ ;': "'\: ,: 19~" ~ow 'YJ1il.e,:'ve~turing ::uP.0'ri .th(;ftin~,tioii; ~on'~tituti?nalJy

.' to this . ,Cou[Lit .is,necessary, to ,remove a serIous: any mattermakesjtpardonable (.;t~) which means that' it cannot '
: '.toreiteiate ,the ' established, principleS, ofinterpreta~i,?n ofJitw of cat~~orised as, u,tilawful,', El~m.ul·Mowaqieen c>.a~1 r~1 _by Ha~z
, .,", The'gerieral,vie\v·.whicli:Js~not based Upon any, comparative .
", ::'our statllte' law,andthe','Jaw ,ofthe Qur'anilre poles as.uriderilOd Qayyum, V~l.l~, pages 215, ,225; 226, '229;,322; 3251 358 and 661 (printed. ,
. shall never meet;· The·.viewisobViously',fallacious~ .Thcsbariah'has Able Hadis' A~damy,lahore); ," ,'," .
.and· sometimes expressliapprovea the custohlS and usage's'oftlieArab
. ,save to the extent oftheirinconghiityto the te'rietshHd down' by the :4:, !hesecond priitcipJ~ is that -by the change of ~us~~m.s and ~sag~' ,',
·1·tj';:.an(nhe:S.~rinab/Rarti9ul~rIY.],'Y,ha~.'ir"d~I,~~e4a~(,~~fa\Vf~1 .• «(I~)Qr . Y,r) t~~ doctrin~l'~piriioit (~.,:;) may also' change. ' (See Elamul' . .:.
Li , (J~). ...'"In'this, r~sPec(.'the';;view:9(.S1iah
-I '·r, ",,,,,,'
Waliulhih ~~fb,een (summed up ,(~"""I r~l) by Hafiz .lbne Qayyum, Vol. II, ' pages 822 ant'','. '. "
This ~pr. .I.'.nciP
"~"-,:;;: ~>, 'd'_"--_t'. _• .' ~_, '", :;-\~~' ',~,_ .".' .,'{:': .

PP..
"'j.J ',""';"-: .f

I' . follows by Dr•. Muhammad Jqbal; in .his:l~cture: '.T~e';Pri~cipteof nU",'.Jln

o

.. lehighligh..l.S. thoe jnl rtance .OnlY., . Of Cha.nge.·.o.. r,.custom. ...'. '.:, .

','. the StruCt4re ~fIslam·.,:+;;, .."!~/':.,,'<;,'.,.,~,, "."",,:: ":';';<" ,_ cha.nge of era. and ,change in society in·the context of evolution an " '.
"'Shah Wa'iiullah has 'a,veryilhllninaHngdiscusSion:;on. the ,point. "'1 "'"'''111' m, tl1efield !:)f law, :which is. taken care of.by.theptinciple 0 , ' ' .'
11

. '~"' . ,reproduce here the substance of .his, view. .The' prophetic method ,.. . • . . • . , : . ,'.'.... ; : .. . . .,. :" . "(" ,,'o
·':"teacbitig;'according,toShah WaliuUah; isthat~',gerierally;speaking,

ht~ pe.~v:.~.e~::~:t.p.e.;:. ~a1!.e.:.l.:.:if. ;.~}i;~.;.!.t..h:.·~.~.~.: :~.Y.f.l.e.·~:

';. Ja~ . revealed by a Prophet' 'takes'.. especj~l notice of the habits,
" :and"peculiarities"'oCth~"peopJeto.whoOl he is specificaUysent.
n!prophef who"aiOls'at' allembracing'principles,hoy,revcr, can
., ,"reveal' differe'titL:prihciples:f9r different: peopJes,nor: leave. them "'.!. lS. .·r.;.:.:.;. .. ..
ofsimultaneous divorces· as bne.,Hazrat Umar introduced this law'
•. a.·.·:.·::
. r":,wotf;'out~their'own.;rules' or:conauct~;His.' method "'jsto'train foun'd ~h'at the facility or concession was being generally misused. '. •~ . . ,
.':.:;'particular' peopl(!, .·.and.'to· use' them~s. anucJeus for;the. building
. ,.• ' a universal shariat;;In'doingsohe accenttiates.,the,principles
"ing. the. social' life, ·ofallmankind,and appJies:them to COilcre:te
••26,.
Its A.ro.uri.h.
stoppage leads p . I~
rinci
p
.•. spread
to'th~ '.i!..more
is.tlt.at.of .I.·.S..b.ett.er.wa~d.
. n.,.ot to ViceS
malignant
g
,off(Elam.ul-Mowaq-
a .t·. rilDs. cessio... n. '~-. <.' .
:,' ~' iilthe' ]igot' 'of the'. speCific' Hadis of:the .People:imrriediately. before Vol. II, page 772)..' ." , , . . '. . " '. 0 ,,' .' .,'

27. The ca~es ab"oui m~rder ,werb argued:by' .Mian .Nazir .Akhtar, Raja '.
~- ::::~. i ~~ 1, -'-.~ ,.) -_:~ __ ,:. ~:; ~'f,.:" :'? J<; i'~ ,>.~.:.:.~,' ",- ',: , c,~ ,'~<"':' ,:.1. ,~/,,;, >~ l:,j < ; L~,
l' , " \ ; ", .', ~'''<).~ (~!~:. <:'::: ':,,~'; ,';", ~~ ~ ,; ~ , .
"L .. i:;~20.~dslamthus recognised,tbat not all customs and usages' of the
,. ~epugnant :, to r Shariab" ;',and 1 maintained, most of. them 'as good Nawaz. Mr. Muhammad ShafiMuhammadi',and Mr. Ghulam Mujtal>a
Our'statute laws whether inheritedfromthe British Government .or' while the case about. other sections dealing with bodyhurt was argued
after IndePendence'are based'lipon the principle of common. good and the last mentioned gent1eman~ ... Mr~ Khalid' Ishaq' ably argued '.' the .matter _ ' ,

:,equityaiid goo~ co~scieqCew~ich !s,the,'sim.J~, ~sthepniiC~plesqf the request ,of the Court.~.M:aulanaHabibur; Rahman Kandhlavi. gave' .

. (MasalehMursda) 'of Imam' MalIk a~d.pn~clple,of, I~tlhs~n , opinionin writing and~lso madeora.1 submissions.• " : . 1 ' "., ...

.. Hanifa. A/or/iori these laws must be more' 10 harmony' WIth. Shaflah. . 28. The iprim~yqJesti~n for'c~ri$ideration istIic repugnancy' tdtne
,':sonie'respects';the"statute rIaw·'maY not fulfil thestaridard'ofthe law of and !he Sunnah oqheprovisions of the Pakistan Pe~l Code regarding
Qur'an'and may also bC repugnant to it butsuch 1instances are few., • lIlJ'otllUICil.ll m ~ases' of boddy hurt or deatlL, ' '. ., . ~:

:', ::21: 1
ConSequentl{:the first principle'to be fnvoked is to ~st these 29. There : isno contest thaiin ca~ of cUJp~bleha'inicide amountin~ to'~
\ ,':" all the principles of Halid (lawfulness) and Hara~ (unl~wfulness) as laid (qatJe-e-'amd) the normal. sentence 'prescribed bytbe Holy Qur~an' is'
, ' in tbe divine law: ~ ," ' .:', H.;;,.>. Verse 178 of Chapter 2 provldes:-:"' .. , '" '; . ,: .. ' .
;:~., ,', ;. 22:' Th;;h~I/Q~r~an'h~s e~' ressiy'stat~d' ivh~iis;un'i~;iul and . "O~e who·beli~~e !Retali~iio~js.pfescribed for you,in thematter'ot' . ,-,
The Prophet 'of God has ma 'a.dditions to this category. 'bu~ it the inurd~edthe f~eina~ forthefreeman~and. the sI.~ve for, tbesJa~e,
doubted that, the, authority to clare something unlawful or prohibited and tbe :f~le for' the female., . And" f?r him wh,? IS forg1ven~ome;.'
, ,with the Almighty ·or.His~HolyPr phet,(peaccd)~ 'upon, him) and it is what by hiS '(iDjured) brother, 'l?rosecutlOQ accordmg ;to 'usage and'
"lawful foranYJ)~~s.O(lt,of,e~4~~.u,l.llalY.ru,1;,:,:h~t)sJ~~~ld'(~~· 6~: 1)., payment ·unto ,hiin in kindn~ss. This)s. an all~via~ion and a mercy"
~ "'O'prophet'c'wnf'bannest '~hou .. that "which )\Uab,hath 'made lawful from your Lord."He ''Yho transgressetp oCter JhJS ,wtll.have a painful"
;;'thee~'~:;';'+:;"" ;'.;:".::'.,n.( '::},~;~';:~: ';~ :C:}",':-'.:.; , , ' " doom/~ ...' .... . ... ....".

-- -­=t:-­--
-­
~
 . f

.' ALL' PAKisTAN'L'EGALDECjsioNS ',' , . 'PSC19

'In, verse 179 in :the same Chapter theberiefitsof ret~diation' are ro­
L < _' .'­

,
~ ,counted-:­ ..,' ".".' ~,',"~ ", ~ , ~ < .' ,:~ God(Haqooq';AlIab).In's~ch· a c ' . ,,',' .',. ' ," .­
ase t~e State, can provide in law for
y' - .

aending the, accused to the" 11

,' '''{\p~ there. is lite' f?r',,,Y?U in retaliation, 0 men ofunderstandin& lha~ the'deceased or in the :alternati~: :~. ~~!~~~~tah~ng , p~rdo~ by the heirs of
, y~ may ward off(evd)~.· , ,,' ',', " ,
". ' ' ' - . • , " , ' - '. '. -, ," '!, " '
aod fine. In'this connection he reft at.' h' , 1~ .to lmpflsonmentfor life
,~~,~~
. Again'inverse 4S.,Chapter 5 itIs ordained as follows':...,., also y, ' , . ' . ' . \ ...erre, 0 t e pflnclple J.i1II 'u-- ~l:u:.ul' . d
, erse No. 33 ofChapterS which i~ as follows:..:::.. ", . ' '. an·
? """ '~'And, we prescribed for them therein tlte ·)jferor the life.",,",
t _ \,'. ',' \ : ' . .-: I
'The only reward of those who "
'I .. '. '
J
'30.
,These ',verses :leave, no doubt that 'the' usual sentence' for aperson' . ~~ssenger ~nd strive after corru I!lake, war upon t\Uah and His
cOllvicted of'IDurderisdeath, or "life, for life".. The objection however, as ,!1I1 be killed, or crucified 'or h~tlO~h 1!1 the land Will be that they
,already stated; is to the' sentence' of imprisonment and/or. fine including tho ,sIdes cut,off.:'or will be expelled o~~ ofe:h hinds and feet?n alternate
obliga~ory' fine 'as. leviable, under section .544-A part or the whole of whicb degradatIon 10 ,the world and in the He tite and: Sl.!ch wIlJ be their,
iscompulsorily payable to. the heirs of the 'deceased ,victim as compensation. doom.~! " . , - :.', reaer theIrs WIll be an awful
It was ¥rged . tha~ .it is open to the heirs of the deceased to' either' completely
· pardon the accused or pardon him.subject to payment of blood-money (Diyatl, 34. , Sinc,e, the. Muslim jurists 'have-Win " .,",.. ..': ._
." For this reliance ",as' placed upon, the last portion of yerse 178 of Chapter 2 ~s~ to per~on~' accused of seditiollor hio ~d the applicability of 'this'
,which after· referring to the sentence of retaliation in the matter of the' murder WIthIn the CIty., he referred toth ghway, rO.b be..ry or..utmost robbe,ty
proceeds.to:state that:-,: , . :( Allama, Shabir Ahml!d psmani, 'Acccirdi~mmentary of the Holy Qur'anby
generalIty oftbese prOVisions (5'33)" th gQ.t~ the learned Commentator the
"A~d"for, him .wh~' is forgiven somewhat by' his' ~~jur~d) ~rother,
. prosecutton accordmg to usage and payment· untonlm 10 kmdness. tqatal-e-nahaqk, .'
d
sentence .provided .therein ca~ be maw C? d r ~n can~ot be 'c~t down and the,
. . . ar ~, , Inter,a/w f~r unJustified murder
,This·isan·alleviation and a'mercy from yo'ur Lord." . '.35•. Mr. Ghulam'·.MujtabaS I ' Ad' " ' , " -', . ",
'31. ; Mr. NaZirAkhta;.Raj~ Haq Nawaz and Mr.'Khalid Isbaq laid cqasas ';' in 2:178, itself carries ,the ':n~a~ing' yf<><;ate, submit~~d thattbe word'
particular stress ·upon the right ...• of the heirs of the deceased victim to , '. " " '. . .'.'. . ", , . ()compoundabdlty. ,'.'
pardon·theaccused completely ,in which case he should be liable to
acquittal; or partially in which 'case .heshould pay the: amount agreed
There are several verses in the hoi Q r • " ,
t
of a person by,' anotherperson: Th~ . an w~~ch prescnbethe, killing'
"
oouched throw light ,on the gravity,~r th' ar:luage"mwhich these verses are ..
. ' , .' '.

· upon as blood-money (Diyat), ,Th,ey alsoFemphasised. that· since retaliation

'(qisas) is the right of the murdered Person to which his heirs,succeed clear from the following verses.:­ .' . ,e O~?ceof murder. It'wouldbc'
his death. the State.:or, its Legislature cannot . provide even ,for tazlr, 4:29•. "~, ~ .••' • and kill ~ot one another." ,, "
,can" be provided ,for: only, in the unocCupieq field.·Porthe same reasollS 4:92: "It ,is not' fora b~Iiever' t ',....., ' ., " " . ."
. :,they argued that. the provisions in section:40l.to section' 402-B, Cr. P. C.
'which empower the Central oithe, Provincial Government ,to commute or . mlstt:ke~ He who. hath killed a ,obek}ll a beltev~r~nless (iibe) by
abehevulg slave and pay the, bl d- hever by mistake must set. free
remit ~entence ofa convict cann'?t be su~tained, .such·'· righ;b'eing vested ill
the heIrs of the deceased only. . ,'. ,.,> " . unle~sthey remit it as a charity. oOIf 'h0ne(lh to !h~ family' ofthe slain,:
. . . . "., ..... . . :" ", hostde unto you. 'and he ' b r e .,eVlctlm) 'be of. a,people'.
free a beHeviDg,sIave;. Andsif~ e leve then (the penance}is to set
, '.,' " .' '.

. 32. 1 ¥r ~ Khalid Ishaq we'nt to .the extent of urging .that' the sentence
: ' imprisonment is fci~eignto Isla~. '. " 6
, a~d you there is ri .covenant thene chmet, .of . a folk between whom'.
hiS· folk and .' (a Iso) a . . believing "slav~ e blood-money must pe paid unto'
:33. On the other band Mr;Muhammad Shari Muhammadi IiUD~DnlCll hath not the wherewithal. 1Ouse 11 lllust be set, fr~e•. And whose '
l

e r:u't'wt~o
thatculpllble homicide "amounting to murder (qatIe-e-'amd) may
types; one involving rights of. God (Haqooq-Allah) and ,the other
penaJ1ce ,from " Allah.
. . Allah , \is\ Kn'o" , lse. .. consecutIve'
' months , •.' A
rights of men '(Haqooq-ul-ebad).· Some' disputes. resulting in .tbe 4:93. u • • • • !Wh~so slayethabeliever .' " ' . , , .... .
'directly affect only the accused and the family 'of the deceased as . . Hell, ror ev~r. ,Allah is wroth againSt' hr Of set purpose, hIS rewar9, is
case of a disputc/overwater ortresspassby the cattle in the ~reparedfor hIm an awful doom." m and He had cursed him' and
either, party or tribal vengeance., Suchmatters ,would entail the It IS not fora believer t' k'll . b ..... " ;.' .' . ,', .
man (Haqooq-ul-'ebad) imd permission to ·.compose;the "difference' , .:. . .. ' 0 .1 a .ehever unless "'t b ., b ,...' .'
5:32. 'For that cause W'd I . ' . I e , y mIStake, ,
of pardon t~ the accused would help> in the patching up of difierences. i who~oever killeth a' h~m~n .i,cr,eed for. ,the Children, of Israel that'
"diminishing the 'sense ofvengefuIDessorVindictiveness .. and in
<

'corruption in the earth, itsball blDg[Ch o~her t,han. manslaughter or ~

. amicable harmonious 'relations between. the parties. 'In 'such cases
will bean aptalterhative to retaliation (qisas). Butif the , murder all mankind.'?
if
whoso saveth the life ofone it s~ b e 'fad kIlled all mankind; and~ ,
'. " a ,e as I ~e had saved the life' of
· involves oraffectsthe~ociety as in the: case of unjustified murder 6-152'" <, ,','. :'. ' <:/" ': ' : : , ' .
,:' nahaq) by a,personwho on account 'of "the ,depravity'or immorality , .' .••••• ,.And that ye'slay not'tl I'll •. : .... \ '. .'
character is prone to take the law ,in liis,ownMnd ; and. thus creates " ~acred,save in the ,Collrse ,of justice•. ~~" Ie iwlllch Allah hath made
" developes" corruption .in the ". society, : and composition of the otren~ 10 order that ye maydiscern...· . IS Ie latbc()mmande~ You,'
: not make him·repenthis misdeeds,the
, ~. ~
< 1..'
offcnce.,owould:entailtbe
• '",..'
" • \,
riabtl Y 17:33 "And slay'notthe life which Allah hath fo b'dd' . ' .' '
. . " , ~ J . en save wjth right'
. J.
 ;­

., . - ' -. • " - ~~ : \, - ' . -, ~........: , j ' '"' ;MUHAMM~DRjAZ v" FE~ERALGoVBR' ~ " .
ALL PAKisTAN LEGAL DECisIONS·.... ·.· ','., _,(AjtabH;/Ssaill, Member) N M E N r F SS21. '
i. sl~nwr~DgfuniJi~a'~e 'givj{~o~er uoto.· his heir, b~
',' > ,>

.. Whos6 , ': 4:1t:"t~rgi'V~ness is'~nly incumb'nt .'. '.. ';". ~ ',.. ,,'" ..'~ , "
,; evIl in ignorance.{and} thenturri .~~ ,All~h> toward' those \vhodo"·
. Th.ese,~re they toward whom. A.llah~~~IYh (m repet;tance) ~o Allah./ .
.• let- him'not commitexcessin slayi,!g Lo 1 bewillbe belped".· '
:_i2:7,o5;\..~ndwhen,he turnetb~ away: (from. thee),his·effort.in ,tho W1Se~_ .';.... : .." . '
; land is:~to" make mischief therein and. to destroy tbe crops and the
. et: Allah IS' Ever-Kno\ver
,,;.' '. cattle; and Allah lovetb not mischief:~"; .. . . . . , .. , 24:22•.···Andletn'?t. those who osses ' . . ' . . " . , t.
.' .._·.·./?f:37•. ihese '.ver~s'~la~ifY. the 'distinction' ·b~t~ee~·)a.
..
justified'. culpable
t"
swe,a~ not to gIV~, to .thenea~ of dIgnIty and ease 'among you
~uglflves .for the. cause. of An h .md and to the ,~"eedy~and to
-'earth~'
, homicide i.e., a.homicide.with right· i.e.,·slaYing· with' right. "in tbecourso mdulence. 'Yearn ye notth' a. Let them forgive' and show'
'. •of justice", '''man-slaughter or' corruption' in the t and .culpable Forgiving. Merciful" ~ ", . .at .Allah may: forgive y~u?. Allilb. is '
. homicide amounting to murder whicb·is 'one of the 'wots sins "Gunab·e­
Kabira'~.~.The
: gravity. of the offence is brought· out' by such warning that " .42'53 "A d '"1' . ,,', . " . : ,
:(. ).,nveny,whoso·is:patient 'd~'
" 1~" , • • . , . • . ., . . •
, . .of t~~ steadfa~t heart o~things." an.' or~lv~th-Lo! ~hat, verily,is' , .
'that his reward is hell forever/Allah's displeasure~()ver', an unjustified
'unlawful; killing' of.'a.,man is tantamount to.ikilling',of,'aILmankind and
45.14. Tell those who believe'to·f " " ';.. . . ' '.
slaying is repeated several times. According toJbn~-Kather (see commentary ,days of Allah; In order that he n orglve t.hose: who hope .not' for,the
.". earo,". " . .... l~y reqUite Jolk· what they "used, ,to­
, on 17:33) it is . in tiaditionthat .. the destruction 'of the entire world is
"'. easier in' the·eye of Allah than an unjustified inurderof a believer (Momin),
'_. 'Shah Waliutlah .writes. in . Hujjat~ul Lah u1. Baligba,V01.H II,. translated by '7:\~~~, ~'~(eefProm
to ,for~ivenes~ (0 Muhammad)I.and enjoin kimlness,· and .
:~MohinaAbu
.. away the,lgnorant."
. Muhammad Abdul HaqHaqaniatpage 431' tbe\Vofst ofthc
" tyranny is murder and it is the biggest~ ·sin....ThereJs a· consensus on e prt~clple of to" err is human and to for·
This urge to for giv.c is on th" .. : ' ,'. " ..' "
that~
give divine'. ' .
to .murderis to',obey the call or
.umildt;\!SS~b~~!tu~d'~tp~id~~e p~~~r;b.¢ puni;llIn~ot of ret~iati~~ ,
this point andthe.reason' is'
indignati~n'(~ I~l.. ~,;:)' and it is'the worsf'tn~nner
"to . spread corruption Is'
(.)l..0 among people:' . " '., . . , 2:178.'" ' , ' .~n paymell10fblood-money: .. ' . . .,
, . 38: At p<ige'432 lie'writes that 'sitic'Cpremedit;ted m~d~r (.l~
Jill
. "
,(l!lJu:ed),brother, prosecution' ac w ~'? IS orglven somewhat by his .
••..' ,. And for him 1'" f ,;.,
, ~lmm kmdness."' .. :-. ';-
,'"

, cc:: ':: is' a cause of corruption' an~i acti,?n"itbeCame'nec~safY cO,r mg to .. usage' ,and payment unto . ' .

~:~ceTli:l ::h~il~~r~tdi~: for .th~ satisfaction ·of the~~ire for ;i ht;ou.

impulsiye ,10
. ' '.prescribe for a severe sentence In order .to stopttsrecurrence.Deahng with
. the verse abouttlie reward ,of a mU:rder~r ;beingi'bell' fat' ever" (4:93), M
,,',writes that it appears from this verse that a murderer shall not be ~IS
family}he Holy Qur,!:~~t~s'Yrol1gperpetrated onthetiturde~ea
life yetm.some ~ses ,the savin mtoaccount~hat thoughretaliatiou'is
and
pardoned by God'and this is the' opinion o£,lbn·e~Abbas though the majority
, .are ofthi viewthat even. such a person shall be pardoned) though, ata much a murderer may'cut 'at. ,the root , ;f pf eyhn such 19nomin,ious life~as that 'of

and may bC? helpfuJ increatirig .good •~W,lg teous . andllnJ~~tified. vengeance

,laterstage than a'personconimittirig other sins. ..'. and the murdered, since insome case~lf '. r,etween .the, familIes
Ke~pi~gin'~iew.tbee~o·rmity,
. " " , " ' Y 39;' oLtheoffeneetheHolY Qur'an bas revenge. ,P.lexander Pope says: , g .of murderer

. 0 orget a ,;ron may .b.:the best

, '" preScribe~.tbemo~ueverepunishment ofdeath in retaliation•.. •- .

. ; "An.enemy overcon~e by':',,," . . ;......' .' ~

,5:45. d ,'.''Thelife'for theiife;:and the'eye 'for· the eye,th and the I' .' ,. .' · ' f , ; . .1orce Isonlyhalfov;:rcome." , . ' S,'
. nose for 'the ,nose," and ·,'the ear for, the , ear,aQ,dtlietoo for the ~ a mom~nt of d~spalr oft tlie cnem . , ".
tooth; and. for :;wounds r~a1iati(}n~' Butwboso forgoeth.it .(in tho ~m, a ktnd gesture of'saving his lfre ~yhe3t ~ll.,· !}(:~l'e o~ survival i~ lost to

.
wa:y:of~hi.\fity) itsball be,; expiation;' fC)r bim.:Whose judgeth not mcompletely and may awaken 'th e victims .heirS may overcome

that whlch.Allah.hath.revealed : such are wrongdoers... ,: . me~bers_ of his family. This in so;e ~~~:: of goo~ followsh,ip in bim
and
(See2:i7~) " < '...,. "'14"- ,. ' mamtena~ce,
of,law a~d
,?rderin the locality,may b.. a better gu~r~ntee
fo!
~
. . . ;. ,.to. The' holy Qur'an further 'stresses. in 2:179.'~there 44. There, is theref~re 11 b /- 'd /,.
tion' • '. '••• that' ye may ward off (eviI)." Hadood which hi their entir~t ~,ou ,t· th,at c.ontrary to. the . offences 'of
~!Ia~), the offence'; of' murd~r :~~ wIth vl~~atl?n of rights. of God (Haqooq
.o~the'<?L!e·handttie'.h~IY Qur~an~~als,wi~hthe
::!~': t~~t ~C17~~ti~~ ~~'::.';'1I~;:~~~ .~he :gh:e~f ~~'::: f i,ffr:~th~!

i, , , : . ' ·41.. ·.Now gravity of

. offen,ce' and. gIVes 'war~tng of . eten~al dap:1natlon to, Its perpetrators
provides for them pumshment. of extreme, sev~rity,on theother slalO. ~o doubt subject to an' k!l!er IS gIVen to the. heir-' of the '
ordertq' maintain' balancein the society . which is its primary aim, it
>the virtues of clemencyand forgiveness~' Itprovides.':..:­ .
:SS
1fl wreaking retaliation. ~ Inadff7~tlf~; t~a.t he sh?uld not commit
power, "to forgive. somewhat a~d t e ~Irs. have also'· been given'
, 2:263.. _uk kind' word "with farSiv'eness'. h . bett~r than alms ~nto him in kindness". It 0 ,presc~lbe according to usage and
follmyed byinjury., Allah is Absolute, Clement." . '. b deceased feel inclined that t~eans ~hat If the. heirs and successors" '.
".2:13.4~":r~ose. ",ho, spend (of, .that ;wbichAllah· hath_ given, them) , ut be may, be: awarded some' .mur erer D:lay not 'be sentenced to
pve up only some portion of; the by~S;j:r, pumsh~ent, they n:ay agree ~
, ease and'lJ;l adverstty•. tbosewho control their wrath and at:e : . money ••• '•• rhe heirs of thc' .
to , ward mankind:
.,
Allah lovCth,tbe:good.",
,'. J
. , . , ­

-- -=t=
-.­

---
~.
 ''1.." •
f

'~ P"jST~N ~EGAL'l>EcisioNs

,­ Ii
, (

'­ ," "

•. M ,
'". '. . .(:
_ (Aj/abH'I"",I.,Menrber)
. .' \. ... ' . :;
" ' M U I I M . "
't~
,
, ,2 F SC , ,"
, " 'ALL
. ' ", ' .. .". . have the right ,cother!. , RiAz'v. FEDEaALCJoVER"MENr
, '
, .

,~~~rgo ~hr":'~\!~;n.
e
'..
'dec.. sed
so dlSposed,to
' , ,set
"t '!r
' , ' , 1 'nts,for'rdallat,onshould, h -State or iUheyare
toC .' . money
the ,cu pn rermq uish
full sentepee',
, elBCltng
theirrigbt of " , e, " •,-'
pullislunen!.
, '",
they ,
ro.taipardo.n'ca.nno.f'm..call. rCdUCti.on Ofs.c.nten.ce since it WiJI. am.o unt
Maudoodi • is of the, isopinion,
i. obliteration.' It, 'for this, reason' that ,in' Tafhim'uI Qura'n, Maumn
, tbat Pardon should be on paYment of blood _
til,-
~f ~ ~.". H MUhammad~IIJ,jllun~hrihas
~ommentmgt~at verse'~bere
' ' may obtain co"'lJfnsabOnlD - , •. , ' ' 't belonaing "to 'the Jall. money. , ' , , ' '.' ," , " '_, ' , ',' " " '',: '

·\-<sec~~W)hese:~n~. is.pardond~dnSoShmO;;r:,~(i;n~:'i'~
"."
" • I . a MaqboolAhmada com....
'45. :Mai ws •
(:'urderer)
'"" ,
", '"
m his broth<,
h'b .demand (of
54., Maulana
when he :said while
whkh alleviate the gUilt. In
on thIS
s!ated'ihe same, Principle
may be circumstances
case the mUrderer may be made to pay

;:~~hih BU~harit V~It'hlaI:'e~~:~\~~~~i:a~~:r~~~~~

" , ­ (Momm, , 'par
, ) person gran.ng
. , ' \ D' 1)'" , '
.
',0,
'
' _' -
, ,." ' '. ".
, '.
" " ,
' HazratIbn.e­
,'_' or bloodto,wit".
• fine the relatives of the murdered person. Such mon.y is," called
" Diyat

'sS.
'o~, mea~s '~b~
" ;46. blood·mo: 1'heEngJish translation of wbat.·Maulana Abdul Majid Dariyabadi

state~ custo~ ~~
h d
Abbas that 'pardon means, '4 .' .., UI means that teem "l" 'in his comments this verse is ;' 1V0rd ,,,.;..,,' (i:.. some.

be,ac~ordIng
txi acCepted. He also
(
may that>;'J,,­ should be paid i. a good what) ii <significant which tliat, only a' portion of the' selltenc.

~I"
'blood-m'on-ey) should to an . h-,I: ror prescribed be abandoned not that the Whole ,of it may be pardoned." ,

way. ' , " f Q' "

' 4 7 : The a!terna'!ve 0 ,
example
Ibn-e-HaJar-As­ a aln"
~khari,
~adis ~7t 1~ SH~~sB
' and '
Diyat .III a num ber of-by
is stated a All''''
Vol. UI, Balugh·ul Maram, 171, S_
1204,11191,
413No.Hadis Mishkat" Vobl.n·e
S.....,/ IIMl:'
" Vol. Had- n,
Hawever
af in Abu Daud; nr
"!aliation.,pardon Sunan-e-Danniand Ibn-e-Maja
diyat a.." attributed to Abu the 'hrei: alterna'ives"
Shurnih
whom is attributed the statement of the two ahernativcsin Balughul,
Maram berCconeiled."
"".ot (Hadis 1204). These
" "two dilferem statemen,s
', from
'th,e
"
Khazai to '
Same c:ompanion ,
N Daood, Vol. II , page,
Abu .', ' . • but ' "_ , ,' '", ,,

so~ ~
h,'c'h the 3 alternatives are 8IVeQura'n
!!Ialiationt:am~
os. 399,400 and 401. , .. ... 56•. The tradition aScribed to Anas, that when a matter punishable with

it is Idillk~~tt~~ s:il:~'iJ'~i"
48. 'There are, ahadlS
h at ..
related by t¥b "Kh.!~t~h~:ri.enceforward!
notwonly ,with the text f the In holy
Baluglt-ul direct him to bebefote, the ,holy
• pardoned, does Prophet
'no' mean(peace
thatbe the
uponpardon
him) i Would
he Would
toIaJ pardon, and no' a pardon in tenus of reduction of the sentence Which
be

hi~bJ
but a so wHladis No. 1204, is from' Abu Shurab, s of his family either to - . would amoun, to, T.khJif 'as ,stated in verse (2:178). The ....ningof this

~. tur~s
'Maram,. 'It it will be for the mem er, ' " ..ternent would be clear if it is read in,the context' of the eaplanatioo given

~:~~:. P!'rdo~n':{
so!Oebodt:t way of retaliation.' . d h th r the Q"", by Hazrat Abba, thet Pardon means,paYment of Diyac " ,",' , '

'f~d fihet~e ~~,h~~~: '~(Somelvhat)denotes

. Dlyat or I , , do be. conSldere wee Similarly nothing _ upon ,the arguments ofMr. Khalid ISbaq
. . '49. It, therefor,\, of retaliation (Qi",,),. blood·at""" oJiich be, " addressed ,'on "the basis, of Al ,J mi.al', kam.ul ,Qum'n ,by
' ", 'proyides
or It prOVI est'thfo'ra loomed couosel for tbe.J?""o.
Qual alternatl,.s of, favour both lie
were inof favour 01 . that ,,the word,
Qurtabi; Vol. II, pase 253, ' a, , Ab ':.r
, bleK,d.:,,

'alternatl'~esJ
The "rgumen so" 'b t they read tramtlons ..'
' 'n~Vl/l j_ The pardon is, no doubt of blood or retaliation only , and not of What

J.'~v:o mea,
the' three u ., ." ,. '. ".' . '. follows this provision in 2:118 regarding. payment according to Usage. which

"s(}m~wl;at t~eat!Dentd~~~~ed~
propositioJls. , , ' , • 'ds"And for him wh?", oay be .onsidered to be a reduction. It would, therefore, necessarily
' '50, Verst: 2:178 ,as stated above eusage and pa)'lllent In kl of Diyat as a, consideration for forgiveness. I am, thereI'ore,

'~ohr'Cgh"vleSn~~
••..•.•'. the
~uIpterlrtm'
,by me is .significa!lt•. Itnoints 10111 of the view that the Qur'anic text provides for two allein..ives Viz.. U '

"~oa;ay o~,t.~edeThi:1nt~re~~tion_ ~u_sor

T.he words?me'Ybhadt is. not' total and.the. IS\f. money . of retaliation and in case life of the killer is' pardoned punish-
; the unjllstlfiabl~hon.l1c~
b tb prese"
:0 !he heirse " e. . "~"
b pensat,on
.."
finds .. . . th.of
. . . .from
support, of
heino or of Diyatofby
payment thehim, POrtion
deceased as ofstated
whichby,also may be
Maula.. pardoned
Abdul Ml\iid
·.:Takhfif(red~ct,on).,' fif'( ·k}
means lightening or reductIO~t
''. '51" The word,Takh. ~.",
. . • . . f . t or 'alleVIatIon a n'd .Takhfif-ul
. .. ' "Aquba. (.,."...
~·wejght·, ext~nu~.lon,
.
. : ... ' ieh. means 'to exchange, for .' Mr~ XhaJid Ishaq relied in' favo~~
'Of concept of pardon' . ~ompiete
m:nu~~tt~~e~f !~~tenh:V;,hthehs~?ili: o~~rdOl~!kh};~~~uc~on)
less. sev~re. . 178 (20178) proves t a ...e :
;Il;leans c.o
that portioilof 5:32 in ,which ins stated 'that savirig life of one is like
life, of. ,aU mankind•. He ,arg.ued that· ,Pardoning .the, ~ulprits
~).of an heir and thus ~vmg ~IS 1.lre. would amount " tosavmgthe
'. .'
. reading of vers<: , .' . . . ' , (AI retaliation. 'Jts ........n ........

- . . . d T n in the sentence .J . ,." 0fi d .

: relatable to re uc 10 , . fsentenC,eis amply Justl; e • ,
in the sense of com!OutatJon 0 ".' bl" d~m. ciney (D. IY.at) I~ nothmg but
., .
·The'~eJiance'on'this
'. - would
verse ."render' nugatory 2il19~which
.
'
' .,52. Accor mg
'd' to"lbn*e Kather, 00
. . '.. , ' .
of ~hatls'l~ta~e
r .... . '. I"
in this verse reta latlOn
~
" . "

"And there is life'for you 'in retaliation.'"

. ,

"
.,' ' .
"

..
..:, . ,53'• . In'the
th~ Hfe
. context
tty its reductlon\\iou . .the . liability
'. . . to pay . UIVV"n..

tlereis life inQ.... or retaliation, saving

murdercan~ota.mountto saving. the
,the extre,me pena ;. - .. '.(Here in Italics] of • person ,committing:
, "',<
homicide amotuiti,ngto life of

, .
 .•'
' ... ":'~.
;."
.,­ 'i' "

, , . ," "" ,,~ ....

: •• :ALi· PAKISTAN ,UGAL'DEcisioNS " ~~UHAMMADRlAzv. FfDi,RA~GoVERNMENr 'F, S'C·.·25
. ,'~/ ~ / ',>":_' .•. ",_ . .1 • ':"_. ':~'. "-"" -/,. ~ _" . ." ". .... (~ftablluss?;nJ 41embers) . , ".

< '60.0 In. tbeview '·of.. Maulami j'AhdulMajidDariyabadh '(see his cOl,lClusion in view of the 0 ".' ; , :,~;": . ...
. .'
~o!~rnentary 0.11 t~e Qura.'!1) $!l~ing 'a' life' is.praisev.:0rthy;:and .tequitableil'
It IS' ,saved from an. unjustified <;murder/attack. IUhe wo.rds. o.f the verse (Qlsas) in th;foUowing man~~~og words of. 2:~ 18. ·.He explains' retaliation'

'areipterpreted i.n t~~ir generality.·~nd;· ~iteraJ sen~e:(an ano.maly arises). To uQt'

T

Isas IS' not ,a synon m 'of

;

.. .',' : "
..

- '
. save a personfro.m Qlsas or fro.m Justified homicide would itself amount to take himself from anoiher .~~k~: v~ngeance that every indiVidual may
.~{:sj.!i"a~~~~as~ist~nce in whatisprohibite<i:'.Jn:view, .o~ this I 'cannot ~ame. o.~ an, organised, ci~iIi;:d ua. On th~ other, hand, it is the
subscnbe to the argument.o( Mr. Khahd Ishaq. ,- ". : " 1D.CrJmlD~I,Law. ,It is a cOllectivl~d systematISed form ofpuoishment'· ­
:;' 61. It, w~s'ur~e/ti;at verSe 33 :6f Ch~Pt~c 11,':', ';who~oeveris' slain ~uty .. ~f Its e~ecution .falls o.n the Gi:for the w~ole ummah. -The '
",.....TI,;l.:ul ...,It, are used to addies th vernm~nt or Its officers. Words - ,
wrongfully we have given power unto heir'.',' co.nfers no.t o.nly the autho.rity
\ .o.f retaliation o.n the heirs of the. deceased victim but also vests. him with even th~ir individual capal(ity:' , s ~ , .l\1usbms coU~ctively and not in
, :..'an unrestricted righ~ to. pardon ,the c!llpr,it...
State6~.~in~~.:~.p
I: n.S.sib.~ .sfO.nr.~.~:~~t.i~~.· ~~~n n~~i.1 S~ri~~.;.~
' ."
Q
This is the view of Ibne'Katber'as also' oiMaulana;M~udoodi ride
a
.:'""62. •. o.i. dFflie . .. t. . agai.n.;S'tlhel' .
~TafhhmilQur'an'" Vol~~ II, page614,no.te 35,' But in the'comrrientaryor executIOn shall be treated 'asaCting on behalf ft'h'" h' e carrymg out the z
'. ' .., ' .' .. ,'.' '.' 0. e elrs of the deceased.: '
,~Qtir'ari by Maulana Ashraf Ali a'different . view 'is : taken since the. verse is .69. The next. pomt IS' whether th .' . .' '. ~ ~. \ . .. ,
: expliiine.d.as sayirigthaL~~We liu,thorised his heir to ob!aiiiietaliation~'. fine IS rep~gnanno Islam.'! have alreqdyeJ:~iellc~hof Jlfelmpri.sonment~nd .
,~. ~ _'~ ,.--~: ' •
of the heusof the deceased to ret r" .' .~It ,theques~lOn of nght .
." ;"''':''''. >'. _', J'
' .,.
: ... '. • .;,.c',
... ; .. '''" I," -' -':,

.' '.<- ;63•. Maulana: Shabir ;Ahtnad" Usmani is .of:,the view' that.the verse
,.,confers upon theheirsofthe"slain' 'a'.right to . seek ,from. the Government of blo?d-mo~eyor Diyat .(2:178).\BUi,labo~ (17;.33) and pardon ~npayment
be saId to .1Ovolveonly ri hts f h hffi;ur er IS an' offence whIch cannot
retaliation. by killing. ::'But, they: should -'not exceed, the' nmitsand arrange
'for the punishmerit of aninno.cent person' instead,of the 'murderer .or of hf
~e rights of AUah,though jngcert~int: ~a~? th.e deceased., It~lso involves
gIve~ preponderance 'in the interest, of . .t e nghts. of th~,hetrs may be. ,
'innocent, persons 'in addition to ,the murderer .' or. disfigure the murderer by
, cutting his.ears" nose etc;' . ,....'.:--? " ' , ,'.' . creahng goodwil! and amity if poSSi61eb~~:~U:bnch t?f peace 10. the locality by .'
the aceu.sed orhlsfamHy. . . . '. . e etrsof the deceased and .
',,:;", 64:"This:later':i~ie~ is"th~s'preferable.,The,v.:-ords'~buflet him not
.' ,commitexcess,in slaying' immediately following the:words 'whoso is stain
wrongfullywehaveg!ven ':power: unto .his heirs'claiify the divine intenlof 'ndi!I;~~~~%~l:~Uinfo(~l:lca&cive. th~ sin; 10.00 Ihe ';orsl of sin
mankmd. For this reason the Ii . ~. ferson as the murder of· the. entire
.confermentor only the'authority of' retaliation by this verse on the, heirs
of the slain •. '. . ;:;, " . ' ,,~, o~ death. Acc<?rding to the. ttadjti~h~f\~nte~ce for the offence of murder is .
, '65•. 'In
~view ofthis:;discussiontbe utmosUhatcan be said for amendment hIm) .,l!ri .Jii' 4r (we shaU'Tll •.. 0 .; ; '. oly ~rop~et (peace: be upon
R ' .,.'. . . '.' 1.. a person : ,who kills) or'i,t'l.alJ1 -,: ~("'"
ofthePakistatiPenalCodtnsthat. the :, alternatives' sentence of payment or ( etahatton IS Allah's command).:The·Q. .', ; ' - . ....,~ . ' V - '
> blood-money should be a,dded.to·section 302~ i . ,~,.' :;... . (' .' .' " .'. ur an emphasises Jill'" q:... A.lI'
IDsurrectionis..~uc~,~ray~!th!1n murder)~ It the " . ..I.J~.J':"". itA.\: '.
: '66~. Even~lit is'a~sumedfor.ttle sake: of,reasorii~g'that'complete
by, Jma~, I~n~e,:Talmla' m .Slyasat-e-Sharia' .~. refre, pomts out as . . stilted
pardo'nisalsoconteinplated in2 '~178"tha~ cannot 'help the petitioners since
person IS,.!? I~volve. oneselfinmischie£' 'c!r~~\ 39. that; to. murder aoy
tbat'provision, cannot be 'included} in the Penal ,Code' which deals with
(.,J J .\~;): .:. It~a~not' be doubted itha;' miSChi~f.lon an~.moral.depravi~y. \
\ punishment only (see 'section ,2). and' n~t ;with. compoundabi1.it~.,'Asis clear

,from section 2 ofthe Penal Code It deals With the acts or; OmlSSlo.ns contrary
affect th~ so.ciety. as much ·a~anindiv{dmil.' For' '.' corruptlonan~ depravity . ··
or a ml~hle(mo.nger (1$.\":') whohabituall . thIS r~a.so~, 1he punislunent
, to., the, proVl.,·sion.....Of..th.c-:Code :a.nd.'the.l.iability Of. th.e pe.rson guil.t y of tho.~
orthe socIety IS death (see Islanii Faujdari' Q~ causesb~nJunes to the members
omiSSions topunishnient .under; this i Code•. ~ The, petitioners' _purpose ca
be served by the 'amendment of section 345, Cr.P.' C•. but as would be seen, pa~e 163) .or;detention, in
prison till he.re~~on ~ SaJam~tAIi Khan;
it !S stated at'page 5, of: ~he above book whkh;~" It JS for this reasons tbat.
later•. in my.view it is a section dealing with the procedure o.f the Courts and/
as such it is not ,within the jurisdiction of the Federal ShariatCo.urt to. give) Kltab-ul-Ikhtly~r~ ~n the authority. of Fathul-Taqdi: :an..• prdu. tra~lation··. of ..
,i.< . 'a declaration or directionforamendment"o.f that section," . ''Two'',.rightS' '" b l ' . ~ c . ' ; , . . ..',; . ' . : . ' .•.
'~ ': 67.', It ~~S)~t: one~tage argued, :th~ugb.< hair-h~ari~dlYJ'i tbat verse ..' are . ended to retahalJon' one is th .......',..... .
:ofChapter 1 .17;confers .the rightS of killing 'on:the'heh: only; I , ~tlrees ~he world of corr~ption(.)t..;.;) a~d . ' . e CJ~ht. of Go~s.ince
IU sO'11 ." . . ' ".' ' ...' .'..' secondly the fight of
subscribe to this wide proposition •. The last portion' qf. this. verse 'Lo. '. '" ar as It IS asource~of satisfaction toth h" ' . .' man.
';' . will be helped' gives a right to the 'society or :.the ..state to arrange for. eXei~utIOi!l" I .," " '. .' ... ' ".' '., .,~elrso.fthe slam." . ' .
, ~. of the deatD' penalty. Muhammad" Ali" in . his 'commentary'says that , t I,S further .state~on. the samepage on the. auth?~ity ~f ltabia~ :,,--; .
. ' words. probably indicate. "that as the Go.vernment js bound to aid him 'The preponderant nght,'however "th' : . . .. ,.... . .'. ..
, bringing the nlui:dererwitbin reacbofthe law,'the heirsh6uld noUake the law . B;1readyseentha.t, retaliatio9 ,c~rr:;rise:to~ftma~ ';beca~~elYo~ have·
,'~ ,in his own hands".: This alsqappears to be,tbe opinion of Maulana.' S~abbir. !lght the man IS preponderant; 'But 't d wo rights In w~lCh the
Of
'Ahmad,Usmani, since; he, also insists upon ,the. State aid: in ," bringing' the l~no rllh~0fi.God:' '" .... J , . oes nofm~n t9at ·t.h~e
'offender to book. MaulanlJ! Abdul 'Majid Da~iyabadi. comes to.. the . . ;\-,
'.'
,. ~,

--
- -----
 , .

.• ~ .... L'"GAL DECisioNS '.

i\LLPAKISTAN.'l . . ' , I. . ' .
, .
26 F Si~C ,. '. . ' . mentary is, marked MUHAMM:ADRiAz v." FEDERAL GOVERNMENT F S C27
'5'4S'(which 10 hiS com, . (AftabHussain. Member) ,
comn~~~~~tAli ~rites
•

~f
" While :-, ' 'ate. or', Ruler is
No. 48) Allama h ' 'ured one forgives, the f< St the preservation orJaw to waging war against .Allah' Who' has ordained the retention a
"Even where t e IOlt' n as is' necessa~y or ,
' to~'~"'ke< such ac 10 , " , •
societyfullof virtues and free of vices.•lt is for this reason that
ShabbirAhmad ·Usmani is' of·the·.view(see bis Comentaryon 5:33)
order in s~cle y.
' , ,J'j' • t .. ' . e view In there is no justificationforcurtaiJing the. generality of,the words used
/~/ ' ,
:.
Abdul Majid Daflya
,\ badi is also' of' the sam
h: offence of. cu pa e.
I bI
~oclety ~is verse to Specific offences oC sedition; rObbery or dacoity, The language
de~ .o~
'71. Maulana 2'178. He, states that. ,t e State or the the verseshouldbe considered. in its wider sense. T,obe at war with
commentary on is not only an attack the
'tliereby that the offence and. His .' Prophet (Peace 'beupori: hiin)or' to . create corruptions or
" amounting to muron the individual meamn " ':'
in the land wouldcover aJlsuch matters as•...;.'.(1) offensive. by the
whole but also 11 as private. '. ., Vol V IUIl·ll"U~J:IIU:> (2), the .mi8chief of dpostasY(3) highway robbery, (4) dacoity, '.'
public chara~ter as we F h by,' Ab'dur' Rehmhn .~l~f~~~ Stat~ lmjIJsti.!ied murder, (6) plunder. looting or.·
pillage, (7) criminal. conspiracy .
72 In <Kitabul- Iq 'b' " discussed .the a,:,t O~I propaganda. .Each 'of these offences. are' Such for Which .
"')
I?i: e 589, has een 'd He writes , - . 'f
i~
translatIon, th offence of mur er. ho have a right 0 would be liable to alleast one of the sentences referred to therein.
connection Wit e to say that if· those Y' may' arise; n. qalUt-e' na/,"aqorunjustiJiea. murder clariCies'the
.. "It will'not be corre~ law and. order sitw:~rd
to retaliation will
The reference
.J pardon the accus~ stated the person entl eAssuming
of the worthy commentator. In fact creation of disorder in. society
~eath:
that he. one wishes to' be an ordered society Would itself amount to. creating' .
' has already been nishment of 'f he is 'of the View
',insist upon the, pu can still pum~h"blm I d it is necessary to ornliscliiet~(.)w) 'thus
•. a person 'who 'jsa goonda (arch
.
. the accused the ludf~y shall be dlst,:,rb~d a~nCed that he has
ace in the l~a I till be IS, c~nvi
takes pride:in his .beingcalled 'a'goonda~
It is his hobby as well

pe under de tentlon • . • <. .1. ' " to create terror ill the minds' of members of' his. Jocality Who would

< • •

· . h'm f put an '. end. to his criminal. activities. lIe earns his living by sale of

! If." .;"., 'd'fferent schools 0 and other intoxicants, prostitution. gambling,. blackmail and making.

73 blm5e • , ' , en the opinions of ! hstanding pardon

At page 490 ~re glVd Hanafis is that WIt
pay protection money. lIe masterminds the· criminal activities of
d a punishment and thus assembles round him other criminals hardened cold-blooded
· • f M liklS an , J d' to awar ,
The opinion 0 , a d the State is entd e d the' same view IS , as potential. In the advancement of any or aU of these. activities!. c
heirs of, the decease 'ear to the murderer an 'ew of persons belOngIng ". .•.. ' .. ' .....

hundred whiP'/c::fi;Ii and M,dinites,

to the Secon H bli 'schools IS that
"tJ!'~i~1 not' permissib,le ':'"
l' n moral depravity a
Or
? abets murder. Is
y
. he.not
.' one . who Creates corruption (.)L;.,)
. in . .
Shafe'i and the, a:otorious for his corrup Ibe' imprisoned . or a
111, Similari , rassag"", who abets the COn,misSiQn orib.n oC cattle

~' ~C" in tbe attainment of,thatobjectiye 'is so unscrupulo.....hat he, do.; not

,o~ ~ught.tobe

ll].ollge~mg..
the mu,rder:'rI;"hat, contingenoy be can c.', ' , C 'L_=._ _
in the abetment commisSion of offences, oC murder
'. deport ~':
. ....
< . . . . : ,

", , " upporte·

'.>11. <"adriin 'IslamiC
d by'Anw.ar Ahmad. Q , d A.sb'raf.), .Labore,
a terror to th~SOClety
or as a' person' creatlllg. corruptton _in the'

"
~s ~h. M hamma , ) Murder committed by such person would, ,therefore, fall Within the

Moder~tesOthat canb~,g~ve.n5~33.....,.,
; ",74.ThIS rld:(printed by '\h blooct:money (Dlyat. In fact this isa verse which if acted upon would eradicate the menace

,!nthe,
10 which ,he st , ',' . 'd _down In
l'
tazir 7 1, which' provide,S the
corruption or
arch 'criminals : from the society. The verse provides the best pro­

against ". organisedgoondaism, . terrorism, blackmail, mailltenance of

. . . 75 This' IS also;. al ...... , . t . . Allah, and, ralsmg .'. . .. of vices which attract members Who otherWise would have been virtuous

. h
.up~n
': .;'. .'. . gt'ngwar agams . . . , ' '.' ..:, _
.sentences {or wa '. ..•.. ..' . . -, ..' .' ...... ':". war. Alia members .·of. the. Society. According .·tols)ami 'PaujdariQanoon

~~~d !:::
:the land:::- "'. '. . '. d of those 'Yho ,make. Jnd ' wilL be Ali Khan, page I 63,' mischief-mongers canbci PUnished \\lith death

~' \ 5:33 ''rhe COl'nlp~O~ I;;"lreha~d ~ect

aner and 11'

etention in prison till they ate truly repentant. ., . .

19, It is interesting to notetha'S!'ah WaliuJlah hi VoL Ii or. Hqjjat'ul

h~1d
. '.Messenge, 1 d' r 'crucdied,' or R. f the' land .. Suc WI.

· '. 'des be
'. ..... " will kll e or0w.
cutoff, ill be expelled
'ld'" andou!to..0 t.h'"e Hereafter
. . '. theirs
. WI

U
Bahgha, page431 has the offence of murder to be .tbe worst form'

i, . ~degradabon
Sl ' i n the wor,.
.. ~, ,
'... .
" ( 3 ) cuUinS
corruption (.lW) among the people. lIe says :_ .

~rucdixlO( is the 'biggest cause of corriIption).' . .:

Ima~m referre~ 6~i'lio~,

awful doom., 1) death, (2) the land
. 76. The ben~~;:it:~~~a~d e~pul¥~~ ~:~~entators
and feet from t e some as impnso,n:men • oit or highway
(4) ibn-e Taini Ut ,,ha,s to Ihe of";idus juri,sts '
categones of corruptlOnpuDlshabIe with death In . hIS book Siyasat.e_ .

~t:"a!~\:~~ ;1 th,\'o~error'°th~dl~;ii:"i~~~r.~h=~~
page 225 (Translation by Muhammad Ismail Godarvi): ' . . .'

Sentence Cor espoinage accordmg to Imam Malik and SOme belonging

J~r~ l~plicable i~ter ,!~ra ~\on (~J~f the llambJischool of thought is death: . ..... . . . . .'

'Shafe~ ~some
" there is.:no to in the Jand

~the
' of the verse " u n t to creatlOg corrup I . , 'the ' ACCording toiniam and Imam Ahmad and CoIl';;"... '0

· iJdividual or a group amo se spreading, corruption m Imam Ahmad aod Imam, Malik iC a per'OIl introduces hi land

Iri fact·. accord'mg ,to one sen

I
.. aDything
Ihould benew
punowhich is contrary
death. .' . to
'. tbe. bolYQur'an.and
. SUnnah .

----
-
-

.
-­
:::
-+­
.......­
 1980 . ·fJuII1.MMADRiAz v~FEDERAL GOVERNMENT'
,~" , .'. :, A;.ipA.lti~1AN~?A~J)I!C~iON~.'" • t snoul
(A/tab lIUssain. Member) .
;~S F S"C , . .... .,'." belonging to Qudnya ~ec th1 of isreal' (Bani4srael)w~s'repe~ted . tbatthe' unjustified murder ,or one ',.1
In the .view oflma~ Mali~th~eyr~~~ ap~states b~t because 1t was is
human being as if the entire mankind has been killed. This. context proves
(3)
bput t o' death not because
' " .' , '.' , . - . ' that wherever the killing is the .result of or. with a view to creating corruption
· e I U) in the land; . ,. . ,;', -tf_~ (~W) -,it should be dealt· with in th~manner proyided by verse 5: '33· . 1
[st corrupt~on ~ . . . " , . t usman. Hazrat ~sa
'Y?}l: '. " ' , H rat. ,Urnar a:nd Iiazra "" rson prRcttslRI and the 'sentence in a case ofuoJustified. mrirderfrom among 'the four. '

:(~)a~~ ~~r~id~!!h;~~~rn~:!:d!:~~ttf1~~ ~~:da to:~~e~ti:

, ~ \

sentences enumerated therein would be: the sentence of death or imprison-'

"
.. ,
a
ment. ' , . . ; .... . . . ,'.... ::-'. . •. i ' , . . . . . , ' . '.

.rnaglC 15 ea "sts say that he 18 \1a e 83.:Faced with ..the prinCiple of. verse 33, of Chapter\S sOfue learned
· apostate but some Jun d"':' ',' . .n counsel submitted tbatanother section could take.care of the Circumstances in' ...1
.f (lW) in the Ian ' : " : t' S· the comtnlS510 which that verse would be applicable. .In this connection reference was made
· cortUP I~n ,:, . ' u Hanifa a pe:so~ repea 10 e 'slain· by way of
(5) Acc,?rdlng t~ Im::sta~le' by 'death 1S ba~le to b,
to sections 396•. 397,P.P.C. But this objection is without. force. The policy
· of an offence P, '" ,.,' .
'
' ',1:.' b'tualty makd
is
oflaw to make'the legislation as comprehensive as possible, so as to make.. . ·'.1
nP,rson who ua 1 ut it applicable to' different circumstances.·' .It is for this reason tbat the Pakistan .. .
:' taz.,., ,.' Penal Code in its section 302. has ,de~ribed '.lwoalternative sentence'
• ' • • <, •

I1l1am,' Abu Hamra a' ,r w

d fraud 'should be p
,(6) Accor~~gw~h their property"by, cheatl~g an ," , , : ; leaving it to the Judge to award the appropriate, sentence keeping. in view .
other, p , '. " annot nd Itself or the facts of: each . case :before him.' Sections 396 and397deaJ . with '..
to death. .'. \ ' rson . that the SOciety c ort of it cases of robbery and, dacoity•. SimilarlY Chapter 6 deals with offences ."
(7) ~ it is prhv~~ kiW~d.\: sro~14 b~ ,put ~Ot ~eb~Ari~a.~l.~hja'i wbo againsfthe State including sedition. . The section in which provisions for un- .1
. ~lm, unless e Sahih Muslim a traditio!' ~ a e re' unanimous a~out. a justified murder should be .properly made would be' the section· relating to
, ,IS cited ftom 1y 'Prophet say that If you a you to create disunity murder. It is forthisreason'tbat section 302 is tbeonly seCtion in which"
'heard the, 0 h t o
and somebody comes', 'h Id put him to death. sentence for murder contemplated by, verse 33 of Chapter 5 should beintro- '·1
, rt' ular person, .ety you S ou , duced •. And this would ,notbesomething strange, ,; Wehave.alreadY· seen
• ' pa lC, r to disrupt your SOCI . , 'd that if d~sptte
.' l' )aA~~:':O;:on' habitual!y' ~ing li~:dr ~e Shohuld b~ also been made.: As an illustration I may refer to section Wof the, offence .' ;
tbat in the Ordinance reJatingto punishment ofHadd, provision for tazir has .. ' ".1,.:.
I ,

,(8 "sohment he ,repeats ,hIS o~n:: a 'fourth time smet e sp

l!Crf!ki!g of Zina (Enforcement of Hudood) Ordinance (VII of 1979); .whichprovides.
· ' punt "t' of the ouen"", '
" to death on repe.l Ion . :_ . ' .' '. that "subject to the.provisions· of section 1;whoevei conunits Zina or Zina:'
, "(.)\-1)
n , .'. .'. . ' , 1 t out of whtch bil Jabar which Is not Iiableto Hadd, or for which proof in either'oftheforms'
>,·corruptlO . ..' •. a wom'an reciting some co~,~; Hajaj. -Hault mentioned in sectiori8isnot available and the punishment of qazj liable
1'9). H..a.zra.t U1l1atheard .' d ,. to' m.eet Nasar, son . 'ly' handsome to Hadd~has not. been. awarded Jothc complainant;· or . for which Hadd'
\, 1 t pressed a eSlre ' ' . h h was' an extreme
. one coup e ex .. d confirmedt ~t C h' beauty and grace. may not be . enforced '\lnder thi~, Ordinance. shall . be liable to Tazir".
" Umar caUed Nasar, an ad shaved~ . Th~s ~dd~d to .. IS ted him' to Basra Provision for sentence to Tazir is made in subsection (2) of section 10. '.
·.perso ., :-:eg~!::lhim outof ~he ~lty h~~tote:~rinvolvedin scandal
n 84. Onthe same analogy Tazir' 111ust necessarily. be provided in sec,~' ,
. ,He;th er h O ) "'en-folk" of Madlna ,mig .: " i . . ' .:, ' . tion 302 for casesitiV.bich the. right. of Allah is considered preponderant
.' "so that t ewo... " .',: ,.... .' ".' '. , , over right of man,. '.' Th~st!lndard ofevid.ence fi.or Qisa.s O.f retaUa.ti.O.n is high. e A
, '("f'~;)~" · · . 0 ,~'," 'toa: d~eased,:ictim accepts r;:et!~ .than the standard; of eVIdence followed by the Court. On the analogy 0
:,::'(lO)l(~pe~~\;n~t~h~ c~~pritS~:eholY'Pr~hh~t ~~c~ta~edm~ should lslamic of Hudood Ordinance where evidence is insufficient· from, the standard of
Sharia and perS~n may still be convicted for Tazir, it is necessary to, .
r: despite t IS I,
", 'on·the'authotltyo
f lahar' bin Abdullah a , .
". .. ' . ," '~-'"
,"':
., \~
lllCUuuuuthe sentence of imprisonment and fine.. •. "". .,....
, 'II d '
,>- kl e " .: ' .. ' . .' ...,
" " . " . , h' .Woul d still beaa.'se
. ' covered 85 .. It was, howeverarged by Mr; Khalid Ishaqthat there is no concept
punishment .' of imprisonment hi the. holy ; Qur'an and' Sunnab. •The
·S1.. Acc?rdin~ toRaja:aa~f~;:!ttr~6!d ,c~lprit h~ve \~tattl11tOhen1t~nT, telercmce to such punishment. is. found in' the case of Haunt Yousuf wno was
· verse 2 :'118 In whIch the ~f:r\s ti-uethat notwlt~~~~~~~hatthiS should in prison by the then. Oovermnent of- Egypt but it does not have tbeseal .. '
or obtain ~!ood.mh o~er~w of,Imam M,ali,k and ~ ./balarectear that such . approval of the holy Qur'an. ' •. . '. '. . ........ .: . ,
of this tradltiont e .'II .... . But Ak;ralnaan<i ~a a . . nit iSA;"':'1'~tlOU211J
86, This argument hasnot impressed me in view ofthe-words;;.-,;r~ .
·treated. as '~d ~ewpuf~~dd~th ~dinthe, oPinilr~~:~:irsto obtain
person shou . e, .,' 'lhim to deathortoa . .': o ., " . 'il in:.verse 33 Chapter '5 •. It is true that. these w~rdshave been' interpfet~
of
"tK the Imam to pu ". ". :".' .. ,.' . ....•...... ..' , '.' .
,WI ..., . . ' .... ,.,. . ', '. ':."',"".' .. ' h'twhere there tiysome commentiltorsasmeaning depo~t~ti{)n put ac~ording to 'the Hanan
money. . ' , . ' ',~ ,.• ' : . , 1 ' 1 ' king to show~ a . " ht f it means imprisonment.• (See commentary by MauJalla AbdqLMajid
: . 82PreceC1ents.are,.therer~re",not;rriedbY theprinclplTof.r1fo 0
,lo~· Areferen~eto this view has also been made by Muhammad Ali
'. elern?n!'of corrup~~nc~~t ~a~~tJ~a ~culpfit~ic~t6'a~~ve:r5 :33 "
.ol ... .....

commentary. Hesays:d'; 'Jlu. ~L1itera1!Y means thatthey shOUld

, ~nd ~t IS open .~oThis'is"further· ,b~rne out by t. e is 'Prophet (peace. be
ImprtS0!lfficnt. 'ofwar:agamstAllah ,and Ii 'ng given to the Ibanislle:a from , -the
", ' ,eartb.but according the Abu Ranifa tbe meaning is bere
,. " .,

· . corruption 0!wag~g11" · .. ·vctSe.S: 32. in whIch a~arQ1 . ~" .•

him), immedtately~o
. "' ". '~
OWiJ>
. .
: " . .. .....
. ,
..
 ,;,. .

1980:' MUHAMMAD RiAZ v. FeDERAL GOVBRNMENT.

, ALLPAKisTANtEGALDEt~iO~r .' .,,'VOL. XXXII .. . (A/tab Hussain, Member) .., ,'
30,F S C . , " ,",' th" B A also
during., appea( o.'r. i,S filed.. ·. after, he,. ',J.'U.dgme.,·.n,·,! o,f con~ic,tion.. and s.entence 061
~', H b'> and most lexicologists ,accept . IS" The ;eason

t.

death bas attained finality but before execution 'of the said sentence; .'
• im{lri~O~llisei!te~~ta~jJn tbat·the!' ShdOUf:ld bet~ep~;~l:h~f~:~:~rth unless be 92; .In
.view'~f what has been' statedab~ve if is .not necessary to deal,
!lccep nt' No one can be bams~e f om , ' , with the argumentsab<?utsection 345, Cr.P.C. The. Peshawar' High Court·
IS appa:e " t,I\" , ' ,,', ••
is kept in prtson .'. )i' • u 's reproduced (tradition in the case of GulHassan (1), hashowever taken the view that section 345, ,
Cr. P. C. is repugn1l.nt to . the ',Injunctions of the Holy Qurtan . and'
:~ ,~7.', A ~ traditionul:~i~!~ ~~°Atl!::~bn~~~~jar Askalan~e~!e~a:no;::; Sunnah and. has. disagreed... with the arguinents that being a matter of

~t t~!O~~dl~n~!fr~~~~:~i:ft~~o:e~;::~id~~~~~{~' ~~~K~~i~;~!~:ed.

procedure of the. Court;· it is not within the jurisdiction of 'the Shariat.

Courttomake such a declaration. Similar embargo on, the jurisdiction of
person an a h h't the man who seizes 1 . d' t the Court has been continued in relation to thisCourivide' Articles .203-B
to be puttodeat, w ,I e,' ': 'd" ',' ma'oso ol (J;-J")~' Accor 109 0 and 203~D of the<;~nstituti<?n.'" ..' .' ..', . ....' '., .' ,',
, . ,', ' . , t ' , thIS tra ,Itl0n IS . . . , bt
According to Darau m .' ~ , :.,' e the relators are men of piety u
93. The view:ofthe Pesbawar Bench is that section345,Cr.P. C. ,is in.

Ibn.~-Qathan it is sahih (~~¥' ,s~~cIl' in the category 'Of MursalJ.".,t'.

the nature 'oLa substantive provision of. law and not a mere' matteiof

procedure~ The learned Chief Justice. relied in his leading judgment on .

... , ~ ed this tradItIOn as la 109 • , d

Daihaqi bas pre err , ' se in tbe same manner and Impnsone Nabi Ahmad and another v. Home Secretary, Governmental.West Pakijtan,

Hazrat I~~d~~~edh:d ::i~~1~h: ~rctim at t!~.!:i)'of ~~:~e~~siJ:~l~t~~6t~!

Lahore ancf4 others (2) asaJso on a quotation from Jurisprudence by Salmond,

Tenth Edition, page 475. },have the highest respect for· the erudition .and:

Y
~el of Kitab-ul.Fiqb by ~~dul ~~~~ hive th~ intention that the person
o. cases, the person ;;tlzmg ,1 Malik is as stated in M?va~ta at page
knowledgeof law,of ,tbe 'learne,d,Chief Justice but I regret that I cannot·

subscribe to the findingthat:theShariatBenches under the proviSions then·

a~o~ be killed sin~e the View of Ima?1 d the victim' witli the obJechve tbat be
: ~~:e' 672; that ifd th: ~a~o~lJ'a~:~~e subject to ret~liation. " . a declaration aboutsectioo 345,Cr.P.'C. or the. Second Schedule or the
h said Code•. :"
. ' the s~ntence of a. person vJolently
should" be pu: to. ea ", . ,
, 88 Yet another lOstaf!ce IS of Ib him the killer will ,be hand~
,", • his slave. Accordmg to ra m Muhammad is opposed to thiS
kllhn~ 'the heirs of the deceased slave. Im~ e~aUation inter owner and slave.
oy:~ since according to him thbre l;~~ ~~ved' froni retaliation an~ should be
, ~n the other ha~d ~he own~r ~oo~e 'the view of' Imam Abu Hamra also (fot
. imprisoned.' :T~lS ~~ul~~!:r by Imam Muhamm~d; page, 265). ,.
refer(!nce see Klta, " ." teference from Murvan bm Hakim
" :: 89. Mu'avi,a Bin. A;hu sufiafd ~~t be killed in retaliation but should
directed that an ,tns~ne person ~hOU , "', ,',
· beimprisoned~ >' . ";~"e as~ertion of Mr. Khalid Ishag.that Isla,
90" These lDstances n.egatIve tb, punishment or for detentIon. los,
does~ot,recognize 'jmprrsonm:~~f'imprisonmentand fine in. section ~O
· ,'therefore, clear, .t~:~l!~y~:Jeof Tazir are,notrepugriantto ~'!d hf~Yo~~~ t
being sentences eVl. ',.' h ,.' r requnes to be· amen . "
and Sunaah. The' section,. soso~b~ep~ovision firstly about persons Y'ho
:~~lu::'!~:u~!dW::~!J~r:e~a~a~i~~~~e~~i~~f~~~uJec~~~e;~~:~ ~~e :U1Pul~i
·.
, " offence can be co,mpoun e J , . nd thirdly the forum which sho
~:; liable to be ?umshe~ for,!az~~~ :uestionof genuinen~ss of the com
havetheauthont~to eterrnme ", ' . " "
promise. ',,'. " is necessary in view of tbe circ~
'91 'Ihis la~t ment10ned prO~ISI~\, h'an accused person uses all tactics
stances' prevailing in the co,:nt~y tnt~~ lCr with investigation of the offcnco,
including force a~d blac~lall, /0es t~ heirs of the deceased: per~on; who
including -the eVld7nce• 3f!le Imking retaliation may be terrortsed mto
will otherwise be mtereste d~ ~ethe offences. 1 respectfully agz: . ee
, mission to agree to compoun m ssan' iven by the Peshawar Sharla~
su gestion in the case of G~), Ha on gthe genuineness of a comproml~
..inforce'or, foitbe matter of that',this' Gouit, has.' any,' juris'diction' to,'make
.,.' - '.. , ' .r
'
94~ Under,Artic1e':'203-D'of .the' Constitut;o'n the Court has th Dr
jurisdiction l()'examine or decide whether or not an}, law of provision '0 D "
law is repugnant' to the Injunctions: of Islam as laid ,down .in. the Holy
Qurao and Sunnab 'of .the Holy ,Prophet (peace ,be upon' him)., 'Law~, has
been defined in Art' 203-B 'as riot including inter alia ,'any law' relating to
the procedure' •.', There can "be. no' dispute' on the. question that the' Code
' of Criminal Procedure is a law relating to the procedure~ofth~' Court.
It provides in its section 5(1) ,that 'all, offences undecthe.pakistan .Penal
Code shall be investigated, enquired into, tried and otherwisedealt'with .
according 'to the provisions hereinafter. containeg. It .isnot neces~ry,to ';
consider the import of, investigation and inquiry since the relevant.
procedure is',that oftrial:which. is .undoubtedlY govemedby the provisions'
of the :Cr;P.C.Nowa trial under the ordinary parlance wilt not
only deal witb the forum but also witb tbeway in . which it ·.is.to start ,in
'1 continue and to; come to an 'end ina Court oflaw•. For the trial to start
Jlh it is necessarythat'complete facts' constituting the olTence be 'presented .'
inCcurto[ a report in writing of such fact be made:by any Police Officer
or the Court may:upon all ·information-received from any perSon other
than Police Officer or upon his 'own. knowledge or suspicion that. such
offence has. been ,'committed may proceed to take.cogni&ance oftlie matter. "
. In a case triable exclusively by a Coudor Session the : case is to be sent
by the Magistrate, for' trial. to that Court.' . A ,trial,. envisages framing of.'
cbarge,taking' ofeviderice and. ultimately passing a final' order. of
discbarge;acquittal 9r .,collviction •. All these> proceedings :including;, the
procedure how a trialwoidd come to an end are matters of proce<;ture;
95., Section '345,> Cr. P. C. provides '.for compounding ofOffence~" ,
the Pakistan Penal Code;. witb' or: without ,permission of the Court E
because certain offences are compoundable with . the permission of the B
Court only. '. Subsection (6) of section 345 deals.With the effect of composition

hgt the 'question. c;>f d~Cldmg up f taliation should be ,vested I~

(1) P·L;DJ980 Pcsb.'iL ' . '. :;jfI;:~:.d;,,(2)P,liD}1?69;S C;599 '.
~~mitting compositIon 10' a cas: .of cor~position is filed durmg tbe tnal

,1Ii&h Court ,whether the agreemen .'

 ,' -'", , ~. VOL. XXXlt
t~
' 2"F
. LEG AL DEcisioNS • , 1980 .
"
S C7 "
ALL PA_AN . , , , n
of
' " WIOttI theb pernl1SS10
' .. Ipounded °
t irUlJ.uIMAD'RiAZ V. FEDlJtAL Go"""_,
vid~~Utha~ rc;:r~~,'. ~~:'
,,3 "" the acqwtta 0
" "'. 'dID offonces con osition would e 'h the trial ' ~' . (Aftah Hussain, 'Memher)

p~ali.> '~" provl~IO~. I:l~n.

' of 'offe!"'e. the eff!'Ct .of procedure ?

, ' . -. • >

manner in'
" Court, It ComposiUon rs, ,tbe of Iaw.deahng Wlt:.S Court about
I Tradition NO..• 1203.•. ,The ,baH. V.ie:VIs co n.t rary·.to' t.h is. ". But Sha.fe'i .any'
the a'lu!"
, to. ou
Court an
~,ndIt a
h holy Qur an .a
declaration b t JOI Propbet, (pea

not subJCCI to, an nd Sunnah .nf Y

,
t
. h,
"
,Y ,
~. ,
Haoa1is ag.... that aU, partICIpants In tbe mUrder ofone perSOn sbaU be pu .
to death
by AbdulirresPective' " , (See pag.
oflheIr number
RelulllIJtAliaziri).' ' . '544 '.'Vol. V of I(itab.ul. ~f
. .' .' Fiqh
, . lJpugnancy to t e
' .., .be upon him). . .
,
." ,
'.

o~
.', •, ", between a suhstanll"

v'~r
that the disUn"lOt, s context since,
inte~
tb1
,100. A. regards the objeclion about the sentence oflhe abettor it Wi~'
l~wdlStIDCIlO.~
.::4 pr9~:~ub~~!a~r~~t:~1
:.' . I am also tbe
t to :'y re:r~~~o;o/~b:~~fta,:'~"":l :~::gh~
any' relevance In ,t 'uestion al,. 0

Iromicid~
he sulllcient to quote from Minh,j.ut Talibi.. Page 397: "premeditated
law
conllnited under Coertion by violence renders liable under th ::
talion not only the person Who exercised the coercion but also the
' accomplices~'.
0(

retrospectl~ty, cha~acter.,elating to 'pr'''''is~'1ion of th,

, f a law. A aw Even a 11g '. d re so..
In. jlerson Who allOWed." himself to . be" intimidated
" for the law regards them, as
°procedural in.
yet mar e, ht' is' a,
. substanbve 11g This "matter, IS..
prov'~IO~hus beyond. tbe.- Jur , f tiro 101. There is aconcellSus ofjurists on tbe sentence of the person who'
. sense" at 'leas~ . , ions of ';'ctions 55, 5:ic~
...,','
"eroises cnereion. The differe;1I:e Of opioion is only about the sentence of
, ': " • actual killer only Haoalis from amoogst the four schools being of the opinion

; Court. ",
' " ,97. The next q,::!~~S 4O~~.cial
" , about the proVIS f tbe Cr, P. C.. W !!I1Sl}Vu,,1t
401 to ': Governmen\
o~ to'_~nJ>r:l u"1I' . that the latter cannot' be ""OCUted, in retaliation, (See pages 53710 544 of

Vol. V of I(itab'u/Fiqb by Abdul Rehman' Aljaz;ri). view will bold

T:b~
t~hllie ~g nr()VI~''''''
Penal Code,. and Central. 'or the ,Pr 'a Court law. 800d about an' Ordinary ,abettor also, Infact it ",ould he highlYunreason.
jurisdiction, . ID senten'" pas,,:-,:,;;.
High Court'" !he able to hold that. a person coerced to kill 'should be subjected toretab3tion

w'\\~ 4~:VOO a~ to kill should ,_pc ,.

remit or ,comb.: findings of the ,Pes "-and 402.B n.ot b.. While
the a verson'
]lena/tYor thewbo bas actually
extreme ]lenalty.. Coerced another
' . ,_ person ."

,:~~ t:~~~~~;':~s~~~r:.:~~fUI:g'i:m~n~~~n\~
,agree 'of .ections 401, and subl:ct fl.dings that
102, Before finishing the subject of , ..tirdei I Would deal With . the
d!:!! te"", to 304, P" P. .
:_ of section C, a Iso whicb, deals with culpab Ie homicide

u~~'i! ~es~ect, ~nted:'j~~s'liction ,<?nfer~t ~~s

this Court, f the deceased' may 0 eCentral or tbe ,Proilie above kindsamounting" to murder" ' AccOrding to Fiqh Hanna. muider is of 5

~ot~":~:n~oiiiU:~Se°htenceO~~l~~?O~O?::~yed ,ahfYoTeA:l~~, i~
the of dOe. no'ire (1) QaUe-Amdor premeditated lliurder... ,
'
~ held . (2) Qatle Shibeb Amd is murder 'When a'person dies as a !esult of ioj.,:

Im~m

to commtt in view' of t c. ses where the rig 1.' cases the Imam ftom 'Omethiog' wbich . is' neither a weapon oor like a weaPOn e,g; a

h~~. "r~.
the rna er "certain co, that in 'ue" the
awaid /azlf In It' would, foliO", d mit orcomnrute . whip or asmali stone"Accordill8to Imam Abu YOUSuf and
preponderanC;'the authority to,suspen ,,,' "'.. ",
death~
Mohammad it is, Shibeh Anidwhen death .is caUsed as aresult of

' alre.dy passed•., ': .. f ','is . supported 'by '15~t~i:.";"'~aZir:

tbe State would baY , .- ," t of law In hurt by, soniething from' Which not 'usUally caused I,e, wbe
fl'Otl1 tbe nature of the· object ftom
to cause death ""nnot be ioferred" which death is caused"n
' . inleotio
,98. T~is V1ew 0 ,~l~amat Ali Khan, ~ge }, ,
is the right .
'
(~oinicid~. ~ .~
~:l ::a pardo~:~: piliti~ner ':l:~~r
'd 'Qanoon by a " ' , .- .', '0 S p, No, (3) Qatle "Khid. by' e,,:or) , result pf error,for example, (.
Imam c.an r ihc did C't :nd ;"';d hunter fires On' SOmethlllg Cons,de'"g " to be an anllnal but WhICh (
b3ppeos to be. a buman being and is thereby killC<L, '
O

~
Th 1 arned counse.. 0 f sectIOn 337, r'
~as
99. h e° which prov1s10ns., ,1, ' it challenged. M
'Muhamma olll
(4) Qatle Misle Khata'orhoniicidebY'q_''';''r is When a whil
perso~
oqh~ ~
Nr.. 1 of I>-J'''''''",:-­
79·Karac , m E 'denee Act "" 'I ,case S. P..o. 'nd sleeping falls .On another -on Who is. tberebYkilled. or a ]lerson

. and no v, etitioner ID a SInn ar am cleatln my relate fa/Is froto a roof on another. ]leison Who is thereby killed or Sotoe

,,' 'Muhammad, IS a. p ,that case: How..,e, i l. d tb, Evide",,<: Ac f this

' , but ~~
did,0f ili~.~minal are un~~: f::m
Procedure the iUridsdiC~~~
be d1Sl111.Sse ~fore d~Oj1S
brick or pi", of'Wood falling froDt the hand of a person by mislake

o'another Penon who is killed or a person riding on an' animal

~~~[o!~eaie, : :..~f~:, olj;'!~iO~ ta)<e~!~

PIoVls1ons Courts and •
iIIUstration~f
trampled andthus killed the d_sed,. ' . . " , ' .' . .
:-e!B Tbe QaUe . Bissabab. is a _on lOSing' his life'b'
tbis 1 would Iik~ ~hafi Mub8mmadi that:' be 'sUbjec~.!J.
(5)
fitJ/ill8 into a well excavated by itte accused on another -on's/aod,
!'f,r. r~:~Uaoue persoo'o:na:'ti~'1lh' 0m;,~~fu,' from the
1
h not hala r to anotlier .view ..the 'last tw9cal<gOrlCsare induded"
103. According
!';;:l" in
any case tt: actual kill;r. be
the .ame sentence fact that on a chIld
~~ tciiled u_ ~ot
~ ~hat
Ii~at I(
g
o homicidein by elTor. 'Tbe ,""inotion however between t }
Il.~
~ni execu~aJ':.

eveu: ,f the II
or retaliation,
cate. ' While
. at . ten.t.
orie.s. i.S .:t.h i. o.n. ill..categOries
the other . . rpre.me.dare
'0 Punishable
ita.. ted ID.Ur.d. e by.... paymen
. r. isP .. i.S.'ha.b.1. 'J
' It isa well kn,o;::"ns' to death s'!ould bave the sin;.
fJtPI.alJC'n is Dot bowever~ enforceable byCoufts.. .
Oad ,of offering- ("l<f'Y foi. ,exPiation O( Offeriri .'
; .'' . five orhad
Sanna' bee~~
seven party
tants of that, ,Y .
to the deat
• 'Balughul , e by Allama Ibn-e­
¥aram "
" ;'" 101. Seetions.104, and 304.A,.p; P. C, corresPOnd to Qatle Sltiba Amadjl:
Qatle Khat", As· in Shariah offences uDdel sections 304 and 3OI-A areJC
 " ,

34F S:C_ 'ALLPligmTANtEoAL 'D~isioNS .,

'.~J
not punishable with death. They are punishable with imprisonment and~
' ' .. MUHAMMAD ru .
AZ V. FBDERAL Go
".
fine. Tnese sentences can be maintained 00 the principle of Ta'azir with t '. " (Aftah Hussain, Membev;)NMENT FSC3S
result,that the sentences alreadY provided would not be .considered to " slav~, .andpay the. blo '. : "
,contrary to tbc!'fuoly' Qur·an. The repugnancy with Qur'an and SunDa
1J
rellltt It by chadty
.. , . •••••"
~~:.money
,
to the ,fa.mU·y· of'tb '.
e sJa"
."
'{ cpn be removed by adding the provision for payment of blood-money to , ,0. This Verse de '-. ID, unless they "
-<beirs-9i.the deceased. " , , , ~nclple has been .' ,als WIth "murder b ,.
.:105. 'Ihenextpoint is ~betber the provision cif. Sections '324, alln) to an unpre /xtended by a' trad't' y error (I.IP. J:i) b t' h
,326,328 and 329 etc. require to be changed. The principle ofTa'azir 111 I ~e ltated murder (..l~ ~I~ofthe Prophet (pea~e t,,:
same
, ,equally' apply to these provisions but the provisionofre~Uation in murder •so nl'stentthlon to cause death . ' .• " upon
, cases ,and of llrsh in othersrequi~es to be introduced in some sections in at of 'd IS the '
maID ingredient f
'
"of the principle laid down inverse 5:45. ' , the Codes :M! se weapon used by o~hr The, intention :al~m~ated
Shariat fro h mur er in the C .

, 106. Before giving my~iew~ontbeamendlnents in the various sections

112. It is repor::~IY. thirdly' and fo~:fY-::;ect~~ni~n be :~=

of the Pakistan Penal Code concerning bodily injuries I would like to make

said that if a rs y Ibn-e-Abbas • ,

certain comments. Ii is, not necessary to ,change the whole structure of the

Code in this, respect since the Code, is a:valuable documentprepared with

staff its bloodpe on kills another by t~~at, the Prophet (pea~ be u
-money w'n be OWlDg stone b ' pon
utmost care andattention and ,'almost every word',of it hasbeen interpreted
'Malik was . ,,1 that of hom" . ' y a Whip, or by
,by Courts oHaw during more than ,a century~ ,Any fundamental change in
1:lde -by error (lIa;.. Jii ".
'~£~rtp~ace
afr1::f ~~~g~~~~cfn~~~ld~.:d~~.'U{!l,1~:c~
death,the assait the .view that if th
. the structure, of. the.Code might render aU those valuable precedents or

no use. This will bean irreparable loss in the-field of criminal law.

'would .also create problems for.the Courts, and the Members ofthe
,The Constitutional requ~rements ..will .be fulfilled by such', amendments girl rbtaJi~tion :~:: bo~ks
be upon him) fur ,by two er of tradi­
law which may' remove its jnconsistenciesif any with the Qur'anand 113. , - . avmg SImilarly causedst~n d order of
Sunnah. It is with this endin viewthatlproceed.to test the various ' • The traditi Ii ' ' , e eath of an '
of death b on rom Ibn e Abb .' .
sions'ofChapterXVI. :, . .' to 'cause ~ such stone. 'whip- ~r as is. therefore. conti '
'.107; ,"Now homiCide may be justifiable 'and culpable. This ditle:reJ1Cj no concJus' eatb and as SUch ,fj staff which would not ~ed ~o. t~e
,is" recognized by Shariahwhichstatestbatthere'is no culpability Inter 114 Th' Ion of premeditation c:~'g~ ~e ~se. of which as a :::pmaflI rY
'in putting a persoi1~ t'o deathil1cxecution of' legal punishment for . IS tradition '". raw~.,·' on 0 '
offence committed by him. ThehQIy,Qur'an itself recognises it in 5:32 names, only' th ,which deals witb t . '
-~ ...~ J:i
. "

. 6:152, 17:33.~ In ,5:32 the· proposition to kill a human being is

i!l~ention ::n~~°bem inte~tion ~Ircem~ditated
Wh ose wea
theexceptiori' '.'forothetthan, :mansl!lughter and corruption in the as culp:hlesuhch Whtbich to
In 6:152 such exception is 'save. in. the course of justice'~ In '17:33
II ,omlclde n t ga ered th C annat be
';1
5. Tbi~ is borne 0 amounting to murd~r. e ode also treats the

,prohIbition is:save, 'with ,right' • It.)S further emphasised that it sho,uld Ab Khan whi hU,t by. para, S13 ( 1 "

'. wrQngful slaymg ,In which, the '. beltS of . the deceased would have. a ngbt
'retaliatiori. It' is this wrongful slaying which is 'culpable homicide'. u;he commissio~ t~ of IS a tran,slationo!Kitl:!u~~~i3::'Fau~dari Qanoon

\ ' " '. ,.' " .'., '. . ' .

? cause death' or ~ act causmg death m ' " Iyae • :

, lOS; Section, 299,:defines culpable llorilicide ;Wllich in the pa~lancc : : ~ cause deathWI~~:I~s~ch intention. ~y;: ~~thdr with ,the illtention

.•.• Islamic Jurisprude~~. or Fiqb' compriseS' of; premeditated .' m~der (w If weapon.' It would lDvolve the use of one WIth the inten..

, "~np~eineditated' -homicide (oW., 4:"'J;i) 'acd " homicide' caused by ....."li_NII mU~d:rbui~ something like t~i~sbe ~ premedit~~~P~~:~o~thi~g
..... whether rash orsimpte (~,. J:i)~ ,:Ibis ·'last·category includes (Uai...J..t not to kiJI." an unpremeditated o~en(J..!!~)it .is not premedita'fe<i..
116 Alth ' h ' '" . , SlOce the intent' '
" .homicide caused byquasl_errorandlSa:..~Jf'.•J:lbomicide whichisthe
result of error.' " . . " ' . ", h~s been ~:e tbhe reference to the ',' " ,IOn IS J
ew. t at death caused b lUJ,sts in a literal sen~ns IT~erdy illustrative '.

vi h n y some " use of weap '. .

109. culpable homicide .which 'amoi1Dt~·to"ritllrderls .the'sarno to :n~~ej or carnivoro~ r~wn!n~. by , stranguI~tion:e~ya~~ th~refoee.

..premeditated murder (~ J:i) .while/tbatwhichdoes:rtot' amount to sue IS not liable to ' ammals IS not premedita' rowlDg the

alld which is not punishable. withdeathunileithe Code is other than' ,and other books QIsas.· Such opin' te~ murder (J....c J;')

meditated1l).urder for wbich.under Qur'anicInjunctionsalso there

~~:~~ 1r:::: ha;lJ, .i.!~h,;. A~~t ~~~':~i!i~~b~~~!:ia
IS upon a' traditi;o. I~ their opinio.n S~b ,and
t ,Ima~ 1>1 ammal.
,retaliation (See 4:92)., ' . ' " . '... ,. , '
uh
, " ""4:92,1t is not 'for, a belieyerto1ci11'a1,e~ieverunleSs(it be) by
I
5 d)rowns will be d~m the Prophet (Pea: i retallatton. Their
10. O
. ,He who bath killed ,l believerbynustakemust . 'a
set free
. . .
(p, 68. Qw~ed. , Fatawa Alani ir/Vupon qim) (p. 34) ;
I.
• Exceptions t o ' ' g.,. ,01. IV, Kitabu-ul..
, .sectJOn';3OO also, do' "no't" -:: . , ' "
, .. , ' - . '. '.. . ";Pn:sent
 MUHAMMAD RIAZ V• FEDERAL GOVERNM'EN''T··.
.... (Aftab Hussain, Member) .r S C 37'
,",

.
..
,
36.~S C .
re!lpect.of ·reco,nciliation. with' Qurtan. and
where death IS caused when the offender was depnved of power of self.
first ~un~ah.:rhe ex~eption ~ . Atiyone'killed
.•... . .. the"tbiefitwoul~ '~a
, . of unjustifi~ble .
case
. control by gravE o! sudd~n
provoeation or by.mistakeor ...ident, ,J)catb 123,~;It isthus'c)earainou~i :~ceedmg. the r!gh~' '!fself-defenceifin
~ J:I~
th: . '. ...... .'

~~~:~:fb~~t~n~s.~I~~:hl~reef~~~er~.~~~~ :~: i:rW~t.Ul~ :.,:~:e:, md,;:d::;

., ,caused by ac,:'Yd,nt or mistake is nothing· but murder by error f good faIth would: not
...._PrdY.-QCationwhen gravearid.sudden. would take the ,matter outo the cate­
,gory of intended or premeditated murder. ~. <
,.118. At, page 573 of Ainul
'"",
'Vol. IV; it is Hed~yi,
on .tho stat~d .~
124.' Excep'tl:o'n III' ", "'b' ,'.: re, unammous on this point.' .....

r! r;:~~~~ ;rh~f~~~~~~nd believin:~i;~:ri:::~ b'~si:M~':'':f ~~~~ . .

h' . , . IS a out a' br' ," , '..
authority, .of Imam ~Muhammad-that ira person.trespasses in ahouse at
night and is found dead' hi the morning arid it isprove,d,that the Qwner of
. .the house killed him' while committing.! adultery, with his\wife he cannot be 125. I have not been able to'd' :. , ....... .' '.'

tbe Prophet (peace be ' .. Is~over any Qur'anic verse or an

tr~dltJon
,sentenced to Qisas. 'Anothe{ instance' is related of a person !dlling a male .
.and one of his (assailant~s) female blood relation, when he ,finds them .
., ,
tbat the' very fact that th" .up0!l blm)·to the contrary" ·It is ho y
1 ...., ,.... ere IS, no interitiot . • '. '. wever;'clear
committing adultery by,consent. It ,was t asserted'· that he cannot be slain in
. retaliation/ . ".' '. '. ',' ;,:. ,"'~ ....., ',:'; <: '. " wou d remove his .act from the a b't f" .,' ~.' 0 carry on unJustified killing
. .' ...,.. '.. .m I o. pr.emedltated murder (J.. '. J'-" . •.
.119... Theseopinions<may be:coinparedtOl'radition -'n14 from Abu 126. Exception IV" b" . " . : ... ' '.' . • . . I- ;;I.). .
f . . .. . . I Ssudderiq~arr!J"
beat opasslOnupon.a d ~ 0 f 'd'"eat}n
a out . the causin h'"asuddenflght. in
. undue advantage or acted in a cru!l an.. Wl~h<?ut the. offender'sha;ing
I' . . Daood, Vol. llI,page' 424, related ,on '. the authority of Abu Huraira, Sa'ad
, binUbadaenquired from the. Prophet· (peace'be' upon him) whether a person
'who found a stranger with his:wife :.cou\d 'kil1J~im.Theprophet (peace be • 127 S. '. . . ; . ..:.... or unusual manner" . . '
uponhim) anSwered in, the l1ega~ive./lnanotherTtadition No.lUS, Sa'ad
•. u,?han exception is available in b '.' .... ; . ....
UPhft ~h~~tb~wo, women of1\fu,zail tribe. io~g~~~t~ ~~:he Prophet (peace
:~b,. ~:~~t! tba~n~~t::;n ,en~cl(
,bin Ubada iueported to have asked whether in such case he should wait till
he collected fourwitriesses(to depose. against them on charge of adultery). Ih. child in her c;>u!'d the death ?f
The Prophet (peace be upon him) ,assented to this. .
. "120.Th~ :opinio~"hi~Ahi~lHed~y~ an~f.tb~setraditions can be safety ~. slove?rsla~cgirlfor th~
death of the woman and directed .tJ?eacefbe upon hun) awarded Diyatf,
oftbe cbild. • > . . , ,giVIng 0
reconciled. If a peI~oncauses:death:on seeing his' .wife'orother neat
female relation ina compromising position with .a.stranger he should be
.'. taken to .hilVe.lost self-control and acted, urider:the influence of sudden and
grave provocation., But. if' before this: even occurs' a person. makes up
(
1:)8'Whseve~al' principles can be ded~cedirom;bis tradi~io~.'
.' . . ' . '.
tbus causmgh~~death itisn~ pr:~:;i ~n~ t~rows It,ontticother'
..... . "."
.' In the he~t~of passion picks u e!",een. two unarmed. w~menoJ1~ of them'
.' . '. en.m a :sudden ,fight; b .',

. . 1 ae ,munier( J.~·J;i) . . , . '

his mind ·to kiJUfhe ever saW thevtwo'committing adilltery it will be a case
of~premeditation.:Moreover .the: traditions of the Prophet (peace be upon (2)b.The 'stone'.
,'.no't' belOg
' a "weapo· 'h .. , ..' . ' .
him) prove the incorrectness:oftheopiriion:ofsomejUriststhat it is permiS­ , /ought home to the offenderthat'!t as ~u~'knOWledge cotildnotbe:
sible to kill perSons found committing adultery.' .' . . T~ath~r such bodily injury as iSlikel~~s 10 a~ probability to cause'
.. Iii,;i!,;.;epti~n llis.;t><iu(~;Ceedin~ 'iii
'g';od faith right .:elf,def... ~f e oence could not, therefore be of 0 cau~~. eath (See seCtion, '300),'
(3) Thecausillg oftll d' .....', ~reme l:ated murder,".. .
The Qur'an recognises .'. the; rigbtof,'self-defencein' verse 2 :' 191'wben is
declarcs liwful'kiUing'in' exercise :of~such'right 'even' in Haram~e.Ka'aba ~omicid~~:".lfit'h~d~t:e~~~~f:mllg,l~ ·them'other's wOInb"is n~t
aw d d ~
where (,shedding :of'blood' is, otherwise', prohibitea. 'Imam,Muhammad haa
related from Ibrahim Nakhai . that ,if' a ,person entersanothei person's bouse to.~e~tion 29~~ '7.~al11ep~~nciPJe
Its death also . This'th
,tionIll
. . Iyawould have been
~K~lan~~
as .·laiddow n·in
"dut'ing night, and is found dead in
the;;morning,the claim of the owner
the house . that he had,· fought with . hini would be'put to tesfand ",m,''''''· l~~;,e,mu:
Th'!~l aleQroth~r iradi~on; :mo;~bo~ti:;' . • • ..., •... . • • ..•• .
'?OO"Dirhruns for'd th .' f" gIV1D~ o~ aslave,orslave
ap,pearliithat mthat caseitwa" ~ ~. thec~l~d lOthe womb" It;
t
if it is found that he had entered the chouse'with the intention of cOl1'l1mlt ml
. theft there will be no retaliation only blood-money will be payable,' . ",: ' ...... ' . ; . ,':, . "',a,~e or th~ Injury callsed toth~
~.' c.",:, "."
122.:~At page 3i8of'Duiru(MukiitarV(,I;'IV~'is 130~,
, ... ' . , ' , . . . .' : : ; " : ; " ' : j' ... : . . " , : ' / ' .':".','

recorded a There arci howhve t '. .; • '.: ' " . . . . ' .'., ..' ,
'onbeingqu~stioned ~b'outt~ecourse to traditiJn~fa
l .'

.from the,H01y Prophet that kille?Orie·isthe tdadltiOnS in.which the,pregna6t woman

adopted If. a .person. approached the " questioner", and .snatcbed away With the result thattbe child i!~th~~~~~n~at~e, other IS of killing, by·
property from him .andit;wasnotPQssible for him to: take recourse to 131. In that ... ,. '.' . ' , '. . ....... .' skilled. , '.' .' .
. , Officer of; the Government .the Prophet (p'eace be upon him) said be .;," cas~ the Proph~t (peace be u " ) ' . . ' "
to "death and also togive a I . pon him . <?rdered the assailant
'
shouldfig1"!t witbhim till.he himself: either saved his property or . . , . . ' ,save~r a slave girl to'theheirs ofthe
:theseinsta~ces,"t"}
. ,and thus attained.martydrom.He further said that if the thief was
. place~.would be in .Hell. 'But, it is clarified. in the above book as 1,32. ButTrom .. " . '", '. '..
,1· , opinion, that the' right to .; kill would. 'accrue "only' if his .property . In thewomb amountstocomniissi()n~~~~m'~~ddeduced
. .',' " ICI e.;In ,Kitabul Fiqh ofby
,tbat killing a
recovered otherwise. . }tis furthei"'. stated .there that if .
theknowl~dge that if.chaUen~ed ithe}h}ef;'W~ulddeCam~:leavingtbe

-
- --:E----­
---,
 FllDBRAL~ GOVERNMENT" .
, ! ,J

MUHAMMAD'RiAZ V.
· 38'F~S., ,C • ALL PAKisTAN' LEGAL 'DEcisioNS 'PS C39 ..
J 1 • ' , ' '.' , , ,.._ ,- ,
. . . ,(A!tabHlIssain. Member)
Abdul'Rahman-Aljaziri. page704 t is reproduced the opinionofHanafijuristl be executed: In case of" . .' . '. -,!.
that ifit is proved that there was a cliild in the womb it would not add a according to personal law olt~mdent thde blood lll~ncy shall be. di.stri.b, u.te.dJ
separateliability.~,since it is apart of the same body (of pregnant woman~ '. ,~'. , . . . . e ecease amongst hiS beirs. .
It isfor tbis reasc5iiJhat the fine ora slave is' not termed by the jurists as 139. ThiS shall be foIl d b ' ," " ,
. '\ Diyat, or ,blood-money). Thus the. statute law is not different from the law of cannot
. he
'.' sUbjected ' to QI'sa owe y ~proVlso
s. •Tbese are :...... enumerating
. the pers,ons Wh]
. ,-Shari~{ .. ,,' . ' . > •. : ' . ,,". • .,' . .'. (1) A person ifJessthan 15 ye~rs ofage ; Q
.'13'3. The fifth and the last exceptiorl: is that c~lpable, homicide is not (2) A ~erson who is insane at th'e' t' f Cl
· murder when the person whose death is caused. being above. the age of
eng., ., ".. .... , .' . Ime 0 . execution of the sentence ;
eighteen years, suffers death of takes the risk of death with his own consent

The" framers of the Codeblid in mind suttee or duelling (1891) 1aCol. (484)
. (3) Aperson killing hi~ son'~ ;
, (489) (F.' B.) Per Pigot, J. Leaving the question ohge aside since in Shariat a
The last exception is based upon the tradition "J. I '.. . ' _, ,
personoU5years ofageispresumed to. be a major,tbis provision is in
accordance with the opinion 9fImam·MaJik•..' . ' ; . .... . " be subjected to lretaJiation 'f10 k'11' I h: ') J IJ .,jl.lll ~1.41':l (father wdl not
the same meanings are traditions r I 109 IS son To the ' t r "
~'..,JI •.l1 " - . same euect and bearing
,. .134. Section 301 deals with'culp~blehomicideby' causing. death of a Thejurists have extended th' " ~ t.tJ~ JIi.I'i and ~"J~ .:aJ I..,J , J':A:!'i)
person other than the : person whose . . death was intended•. It declares such to cases were
h . IS prInCiple of I'nval'd
offence also as murder: There is'no tradition about this but it is clear that the murderer' th I a t'Ion of retaliation (Q' )•
· if intention w~s to commit murder ofa~human being and during that attempt of the slain., My. 'view is tha~Sthi: ,mother and grand parent, how high so ~!:~
someotherbuman being died the offencebavingbeenconimittedin . execution bfu a~alogy except in case of a IS nOiha fit matter for extension of cJasse~
a ecbon for the child' no paren mo er. On account of extreme love a d
of intention and premeditation -td kill must amount' fo .premeditated' murder.
:Itcannot be., equated withquasi.murder ,(~',,,:':J:i) 'or homicide by premeditation' except in most t can be, expected to kill his/her child b
, error -(l1:...J:I) be,cause in ,thefirst}htVintentionto kill, eann'otbe pre·
~ourd for gi,,:ing,bim/ber benefi~~~~~1~:~ums~a~ces. This might itself be
a so utely ,unJustdied. But tne doubf In re, atlon to the murder being
i
·sumed from tl1eweapon used and in the. other' there. is· never 'an'. intention to ~ change In the degree of relationsbi ' fn ~hls groul'!d wit! disappear with

kill any' human being•. The want of intention .to kill a bumanbeing takell lIon was made by the Proph t (p.. p. n t e context In which this exemp..

· . these two categories of casesorit of the ambit of premeditated murder., Any mean father only and cannot in~1 d :,ace be upon him) the word JJ", can

opinion .to 'the contrary would be repugnant to' analogical reasoning or u e lather's father or any h' h .
'",Qiyas. . ,'.. . _ " " . '. '.; c' ...• .'." . ". ,'0, . f 140. The jurists b~lVe Ig er ascendant.
becomes the heir of the d also exempted from' retaJia'tion . .
135.', The only provisions requiring consideratiouinmatteis of homicide
are,sections 303 and last' portion· of' 307 headed '.'attempts ,by :Jife convicts.
i

~~ ~op-~~stification for ~hiss~~i~~i;l~~~ ~~/:nt~~~e~eased. ,\C:r~~~~~

son cannot be allowed t k unnah. In any
.' .' Section 303 providesforpunish'ment of death for life convicts while the last
pOrtion of sectioil307 provides for the same sentence, for life convicts guilty such an beir and to claim the autho 't °t ta e advan~age of his baving bec~ase
cannot..be ,aUowed to succeed rI y 0 pardon hImself since a . d me,
of. an offence. of, attemptto murder. Provisions for:death sentence in either added to the exempfion,clause. the murdered. This category shouid~o:r6!
case has obviouslybeerimadeJor administrativereasolls and for maintenance
Of discipline in prisons~.· The view' of Muslim jurists also is' that death sentence 141. ' 'Sections 304 'and 304: . .' .' .'.,. ,;' . . , ; ."
· wilt be awarded to the accused'for re9urrence of the 'offence . of murder or
f andSunnah by the addition of
quantum .of whi h .
,Ai
P. P. C. wtllconfirm to. the HoI' Q • '.
sen ence of payment of bl d y. u~ an
repetition. for. the •. fourth ,time of the' offence of taking; liquor and this can be:
,done for administrativereasons~; . , .'.,. added to tbepaki~tana~e:r~~bov~ Shall be laid down ~~. th~~~iied~r~l>'6t .
. " ., 136,,' The only fault" one can find is in sections.302,.304, 304-A
! . .: provisions about hurts. and that' only *0 the extent that they . 'do . not nrovide!~: =~~.~l~~eb~~~~s~tn~h~~.beN~sJ~~b:~fJ~h~f.~~~:fi·6:j~~~;~b:hdar£~i;
money Court.10 " , .' . . xed for deposit of
.
for Diyavoc' blood-money',or' compoundability. ·Por :thisonly
amendment ,is required:' ..> ... , .. ,.; , ...•. ,,' .' .':, '. . 142, ' In this Connection 't " }'. . \ ..' ." , . , . ': . .. }
137. Tbeamendment in section 302; P.-P. C. will be.three-fold. The traditions: the. payment of: bilya;Sw~orthw~ile ~otirig that according to"some I
first amendment . will .' be the' addition' of a paragraph to the effect that ia SYlDpa!bi~ers of the accusedl~/lrectIY.be mad~b~thehe]pers '.
Case the WaH of the deceased pardonstne accused somewhat and' the Court th ThhepnnclPJefor fixing theliabiJitybYt tbe grboup to which hebe]ong~
competent to confirm the jUdgment of.,convict,ion and sentence of death it
an t e accused is / th t . h . , 0 pay lood-money o· ,
awarded, considers.it a fit case for permitting the offence to' be COlrnnclun,ded'.O. actions of the, accuseds~oJldosbeP:::iJ~:iI1~ in ~ position to in)i~~~~

and finds that' there' has. been a. genuine composition' may s"lllo:;mu,lc as wen ~s, ?ther members of th' 0 . their duty of keeping the •.

sentence of death ,by.the sentence of payment of 'Diyatquantum of actIvItIes: Tbj~} is '. a' 'fonn' ~lf" glJup, under control and check

· shalf be laid down in the Schedule to be attached to the Code and for . .c0m.Pbeamonsetc.. of' theaccu~~ ec~he ~!le upon the helpers

.onvhich time shaUbe fixed by tne Court. . " . . , " prescrl ~ .Itmay veryacc d' . ,e. 1St of supponerso;

'138., It should becladfied thatincaseof defllultof the'accusea Rahman'j\IJaZ)ri '{see!J(itabul~j l~g~O trcumstances, According'

'(0 make the required payment by deposit in Court the~cntenceofdeath , " ' . ' , ' '. '; 'l •. , 0.5, page716),tbeAqila of /
 :40 F SC· '. .·ALL PAKISTA~LI!OALDI!CiSi~NS . . . VOL.
, . '..' . '. ..,. ..', be the members ' of, tpc
an aceused, i~ he. is a ~o\,er~me!l~~~~~~t,::yrelies f9 r this proPosltlo~ : :
, -MUHAMMAD RiAz'v, FJ!DEaAL GOVONMENT·· F S C 41
' (Aftab Hussain.' Member)
I!lervic~ in hiS Immediate . epa. tabIishedGoveroment offices, an
the decisions of Hazrat umar.,who.~s . liable. to'.,pay penalty imposed on sa 1~7.f·:T~e tra~itionfromAnas that:~heHOlypr()Pbe(peacebe'.ul?on
.. ' .:
ai£used for offetJs:e. comml e . '. d·ti
. the membersof}~e respewv y c:im during'his tenure of Government
::. . .
him) would dIrect or:recommend pardon In cases pumsbable. by' retaliatIon,
(Qisas)'bas already been referred.to~. The object cJearJy was to aV9id Qisas as

1~/
service.'
,- '< ...- -, The adoption of this methtd
. ld ceri~inly
~O~ogeneous
pui a cheek on the
'society' where
the r~c
fa! as, POS$ible. This,p'oJicy.appears,to
gnevous hurttoo.·· . '.
have been foJlowed incases of

~?':::~~ri(Y an~ sUJ?;rh~e~~;:

' . , I tendencies of the members 0 a 0 n command obedience but In
,·J48. Qhas or. retaliation for death does not pose any problem since

prevails or elders and it is difficult, even ,for

whatever:might have been the manner in ,which tbe accused kiUed the deceased

. the present society whe:e hete~ogem~~ir children:' it will be almost ImpoSSl.ble the niaQner of his execution was by; sword. The aim was firstly to fix one

parents to claim. obedience rom bably in a few cases.. Such exception metbod of executiQD of all, criminals sentenced to death and seCondly that

to obtain that -benefit, except pro '. . ',"" . '. ' the execution sli'ciuld be by a simple method causing the.Jeast'pain orsuffering

to th~<:onyi~.,. . ' c .. , , ' / c.'.. . . ' . . '. , ' : ' , . ' . ' .. ! : ' , ' . .
dea!h cau~ed as a re~u \wner ' of the vehicle .~an be made
' nlay be :-:- .. ." - • . t of rash a.nd negligent drlVIng of a'
I j . (0. Injuries ,or
. . ': public vehicle, m .whlch. case \t.e ....... ~'" .
149; ,But Qisas (retaliation) in 'eye for eye, andthenose for the nose,
and the earfortbeear~ and the toothforthe"tooth'presenteddifficulties~'
lia~le for pay~ent.,. 'a The.term·Qis.isisconsideredsynonYmolls with Musawai. e., to make' a . thing.:.
equal to:lnother thing~ Qisas; therefore, means making 'tbe ' punishment \
. member of 'group known for lis
I •.
(2) Injuries or dea~~ c~use\~h a case the . leader and other members cqualto'the:crime Sahib MUSlim 'by Abdul Hameed Siddiqi, Vol: III, 895,
criminal propenSities 10. W I,C . a ment. .
that group can be made hable for p ~ .. ca-n be made Note2J25•. 'Tocause harm to the assailant equaJtQthe harmc;aused by him
to the' victimisn()t possible in many cases. Dltferentp'rinciples have therefore
• 'I . . . ' .
'
144. In' Such exceptlOna . I fa;hs specific prOVISion
public vehicle o'r the member 0. f bcenevolv~ ,.to .. mit!gate' tbe' probable .ineq~ality. tbe:Wtimate emphasis. in
payment of . Diyat ,by owner 0ay b~ In other cases no specific. o.rder most of the'cases-- belDg on the alternatIve . ' sentence of, payment of com- .
criminal group.tlaas the caseadr: They can be made to voluI!-t~rily peDBJttion~ '>";" ........ ,.:, ',' '" .... '" , ..' / '. .. '

paymeot by A9 need b be r~biJity of the accused by, proVldmg for

f , 150. 'Thus Imam. Muhammad reports . on the authority of: .. ' Imam Abu.
,towards the dlsc~8:rge 0 t I h Tazir sentence till the 0111IUU"Ul\;"'''1
the accused in .Jail. to un~erg\tc~urt clarifying all the same that
Hanifa Who reported' it from Hamad. that ,Ibrahim· Baid that if the accused cuts'
i

illother person's foot,theroot of the. fonner shotildalso be cut.' But ifit be ."
r other compensation IS depOSited I s ofland revenue,'evel;l after the ,
amounts shall be recoverabl~ as ~rre?r t Those' who are: interested lR Dot possible 'to obtain retaJiationheshouId pay compensation (Diyat). It, ..•.
undergoes. full sentence of lmpClson~:ll ~sCue and make contributions for therefore, follows that inability. to cause the.. equal' or' almost equal . ,injury
wouJdentitle the claimant to demand co.mpensation;. . . , ... :," .
early relea~e ;m~~ then cO,me. t~ '.
151. '!tis for this reason tbatretaliation in cpt~ing limb is limited to
'. .., .... . . _ .'. ,
charging hls,l~ablhty~, ' . i '. 'e4SofChapter Sof Holy
a
cases where. the limb is cut from the jpint. It iSllot permissible to cut '0
. 145~ It has already been ,se.e~t~at v:~o 'to the human . bodies· eye for the bone.' , . . _. " '. \
provides retri..bution for othe~ndnJ~~~esear for the ear ~nd the tooth ~or 152. 'There isnoQiSas=~"',
eye and nose, for the nose'b . "will"have to be lllcorporated In
too'th. This principle oLretrl ution., '" . , " " , ' (1) Infractureof,the:bonein'Yiew:ofthe traditio'n ofthe:frophet.

" Penal Code•. ' ..., ' . ." .' 'as:nieariing causing of bodily "be upon him)p..la.JI u'.IJ"l,qi'~, " ". ' . . ,'. ", .

,. '146. S~ction. 319, defines bu~s . Then certain hurts aEe ..desHmaleQ (2) If fulfnose 'js cut sin~eit
WouJdrequire 'cutting fhe :nasalbones. ' .....••...
. disease or mfirmIty to any perso '.:..:..:;; .•. . '. ',;.' . .
. grievous in section 302, ~.P!C., they.are " ' . .... ..'
. ..

.'
mPor'tbe same;teasonitthec.utting of'th~Iiinblnvolves clit.tfps,pf:t~

bonetooor cutlingof a finger from npJaceother tbantheJ()iQt,'; .

(4)If theey~js'gouged." ~",

eye~
. P' tly . . . . . Emasculation.. " '.. '.' .' .' . ".'; . " ";' < '" .
. Irs dl . Permanent privation orthesight Qf either
Se~ony •••. P .' nt privation of tbe.hearingof eithe,r ear, (5) lricutting of only apart ofthelip~. >.' f •

Thudly. ... ,.' erma ne . ,'. '" 'c. i ' '.' . , (6) Iri cutting 'Of a, tongue;' . . .' .'... . '
. Fourthly 'Priv~tion o~ any TeTber o~ J?!~t..; .' . , (7) Iran addition~'-finger of the victini cut•. ' .
is '... ".
Fifthl' Destruction orperma!1~nt'~palClng orthe
, .
, , , .. y..... .' of any member.or Jomt.,. .'
(8) In the cutting of skin of -the head or the body or Cll ttips the fiesh. ci
the cheek, beUy or back; or iri the ~utting ofhair; '..... .'......
Sixthly... l'ermanent disfiguration of t~e hea,~ orface.

SeventhlY .... Practur~'or dislOCation of'a.~bo,ne or t~oth.

(9) Incausinga wou~dgoing to thebrajnrstOmach\Voundor~jsJoCation
,of bone in view of the tradition: . .' . " : ' .•. . . ...... .
•Any hurt whi~h eri~angers life,. or wIlIch
.li:.J'.I d:tla "".1."..Wr,,/~j;:y
.
Eight,hl{.... .... sriffererto be dunng the space of
. , .. .
. . severe bodily pain or. unable to, foJlow
JS3.Tbe sentence in the verse related to, above i; e., eye for eye, no~. ",'
. nary' pursuit" .
!lOSe etc.-will' apply to cases of Permane'ntprivation' of the. sight of ey~. $ .
of ear, a~putation of anyl!mb or orga!t0f tbeb9(Jy,. )'rovisions fo I),
shaU, therefore, .~ma~e ·subJccttothe .flgbtsot J:b~.vJctUl) to·. pardon.
. ~ ." ! ' . • - • - "", ," ',~ ~
'. ",'. .. , . . ••- , ' - ' . ',' .-~
 J<Afiiii
,...~
"
1980
r' .~'42F S C ALL PAKisTAl!ILE(}AL DBCisioNS VOL.. XXXII MUJMMMADR " '.' "
, " ' . , ,
lAZY. FEDERAL Gov' ,
in ~uch
cases b~t
. keePing.·.. i.n,'VitW,th, e P, ri~ciple,
of eq. u.'a.'Hty, ,and 'thatt~ . ". ,.", (A/lab Hussain, Memb~N,ri\T FSC 43
_-_-,~1~~=2·~~==:==-.:....,;.,::-~---:-:T~-------~---
cuttmg, ci$thehmb ougbt, not; to lDvolve cuttmg of bone.QISaS shall al

be providea,for Mozaha (",,"';'.ft) a wound, caused" on the. head •. forebea

.: """:"- .' 3 ~--:--...;

/~6t face by a, cutting or stabbing instniment or weapon which exposes tbe bone.
It should for these reasons be provided 'that, execution of sentence of Qisas browsJ;;-;~6r-'-.~.---_~ , '_______ :-­
should be preceded by medical examination .in, order to find out whether any other part of tbe .
equality ean be maintained without causing' an ,additional injury and to make body. '. ,
'sure that no bone would be effected during amputation or cutting. .S. P!'ihVatio1l0fCOI1lPJete" Full Diyat.··
in
'. .,' 154:" Another point, which is 'to, be:,kept view is thatprovisions for
,Slg t .
Qisas will have ·to be made in' sections. relating to intentional causing of 6. Priv:::tion, dfcomplet " ,
grievous injUry: Such sections are sections 326. ,,329~331 'and 333. Other heanog , . ,... e
; sections like 335 and" 338, are of causing grievous hurt unintentionally for 7. ,LOS80f sexual Power.
, ,which the. only sentenceinShilriah'is 'compensation.' In all the sections ,. 8., Cutting of nose-part .
", .
reJating to hurtonlythq)rovisionfor payment· 'of: compensation requires to
be added' .", '. . .', . .' . ' . "~" ' '. ".' , '. . or whole-':resultitlg in
compensatio~
permanent disfiguring, .
, , ,', 155.': Since'the as fixed by the Prophet (peace be upon
of the face ' .
him) ,varies with" the' riature of, the injury' it would be '.' better if a· schedule
9. Loss of tooth other
describing the' standard. compensation be added intbe same' manner as it·
than milk tooth, . . .,
is added '. to ,the Workmen's Compensation Act arid reference to the Scbedule
, 5%Di~at
,be ' made, in the relevant sections of the Code. ". The' maximum amount of
:10. 'Loss ofniilk tooth if
; Diyat may be fixed andit may be left to the Judge to award such amount
amounts ' .to .. per- '
as .' he, thjnks fit" keeping, in', view, the' circumstances', 'of '. each' case and the
. . manent loss of tooth
, financial pOsition 'Of the accused. ,", '. ,.", .'.. . 11. Loss of one n ,. ',.
, .' h ' . unger or
.'.' 'j 56." The' Sunn~b of thePr~phet (pea~e be' upon him) lays down the
, ,t umbwhether of'
following rules about compensation' :_t i. ,.,', .
l. . / . ~and orfoot. ' .,'
njury Oil bead Dr lace other ifrQl~ 01 t. ' .,.. ''''u
i ,

. Arabic Nam~oJ
Injury. ,.'. .
"
Natur~.of /nju;; '. Compensalioll .' Sbajja,h K', . 1:,,, '~
lama
. oj
andprivation any mel;b.e::~~~~lo.ft. impaimu?I1l
,·Hurt on .head or face . . jOlfU.,· ..

~ Jii" . Murder 'whether inteD­ , l . : Which , bone is , n !ltl

exposed. '. ' 0 .
."tional or 'unintentional
, or ,consequence of arash:.. , ., ,
Shajjah M~;aha. Hurt in which bo~e;~1Uan
.or negligent act. ".. ", ." '_:Full Diyat; " . exposed, , .IS .,
Grievous iiu~t . ,., F~acture of the bo' 5% Diyat.
Destruction or amputa: Fun DiY;ltif.the m..,,,IWI,, w~th()ut jts, dislocation. ne
~tion 'of any member-,or 'oC'jointrissingJe DIslocation of. bone , 10% Diyat.
joint in ~he body. ,,', bone,.tongue, ,Fracture 'Of,' the skuJl . .15% Djyat.
" organ:' When the wound ,to 'h '
'~ ~~ ';:;~I 1. Permanent impairing of. '1/2 DiyatifJthe ,melllbr~ne of the bra~~.es
, the powers of', any . are, in pairs and .Fracture of tbe'sk II l/J,Diyat.,
~. member or joint. '. nent damage is, caused , when'the Wound ruptu:!s
one' 'memoor, e.g. . the ~ membrane of the
" ears,'eye-brows, . . bram." . .
feet.!:', '
, Note.-!lIJurbrai'! In;ryperilnanelttl,rem " ,.';, ",' '. '..
.. 2~Privation of sight of
either, 'eye. hearing
1/2 Diyat Jf in
of
, , pJicates e.g., eye lashes. . ' , .,quolientqf tlte vic~lln. u~es tJlellllelligence
, , ·eitherear~, 01'; of· any Jaifa WOtlndsolher than c~fiIead,~r Fac~ . Full Diyat.
·,:-:·member.or joint. ' '
, ; 3'. Cutting of one lip . ·".1/2Diyat 'th
,
'
When the Wound {
.' ,:be,body of the tru:::. ers, 1~3 Diyat. .

.. '

4~ Uprooting the hair of .f.­

•~~', ,c
be, WOuno pIerces throu I
e gudty of causing Jaifa f~ 1 ~nYhPart o( tbe body tbe
QC
'.

,ofthe " b~ad, . : eye r eac of the wouud' ,Ouender shalf

" , ' separ~teJy. '.

/
 '.. ~UHAMMAD lUAZ Y. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FSC 45
(Zakaullah Loditi, Member)
. ~ '.'

chidlenged. Besides this,some other provisions of. the P. P. C.

Zaman wbich have relevance' with section 302, P. P. C. in' it, that they deal
.2' . Ghair . . Jaifa . h '_.. Rupture ' tofh e skin. with the· scheme and operation of the P; P. C., such as sections 54
(a)Damlg a causing bleeding. . etc., and some provisions of the Code of similar nature have'also been
,J~ "' _ 'Bone not exposed· cballenged. . .' " . ; , '... . . .. ' . '
, '(b) Bazla .:, ... ,
, .
'..,,/ '(c) Mutala nna
. h' Lacerating the flesh.,;
., (ij) Petition No.· 4/80chaJIenges some ~f the offences against human
.' ::'.\" ~ . . ." Exposing the bone . , . body covered by sections 325,326,)29,331, 333 and 338, P. P.C; ,
. (d) Mozlha .... t d" toea·
. . . .. ' Fracture wlthou IS .• (iii}PetitionN'o. 12/79 challenges tbe' .pro~ision8 .of sections 337, 338.
Ie) Hasblma.
,'< . 0 fbone..
tlOn ,... ".• . . and 339, P. P; C. read with sections 224·B and 133 of the Evidence Act~
I)
. 'F"tacture and dislocation,
(j)Munaqqlla , .'" eM Petition No. i 12/79 assails" the Inaximumpenalty prescribed by
,,'" . of bone... .." '. .,' . fixed. It.is compensa" P. P. C. to an abettor, of offence under section 302, P. P. C~ ,In this
. of percentage of
>

. .... ' . , . know as 'Zaman IS O'll . petition it has also been challenged that in Ii case of intentionaC murder, .
.:. 157.'Thecompens~tlonno Diyato r Ursh in .the form mount of Zaman
tion for hurts for Whlc; be left. to the' Judge ~o.fixth~He should also add
more than,one .accused cannot be awarded capital punishment.
; . ; ' ~ .
'. , . /

Diyat is ~ed •. It;sho~~ view.tbe natute ofthe IDlurY'ther loss suffered by 3: Dealing with the' first set of petitions, suffice it to say that tbi
compensatIon keepIDg ~y tbe complainant.· and any 0 Tbis will obviate the points involved in these petitions were SUbject-matter of Petition No. 7/1979•
. to it expenses borne ble as '. liquidated damages. .... . . decided by Shariat Bench of Peshawar High Court, on 1st October 1979 U
him which ~ay ,be pr?~r 't for damages.. . .... . . ' . (P L D 1980 Pesh. 1). As this Court' is only a successor Court; in my bumbl U
,'. llecessity of· hIS filll1g a CIVI .SUI , .' • '.... .... t b' rt principles laid d?wn for
view, these points cannot be re-examined by us. We have also been infornied
, ' .. ' '., d'n . the' sectlons,abou. U I ..cd with the dlfferen?C
. . 158. WbJle ame!"611~ about, murder shall.be f01
amendment 0Qf, proy~s~atter of hurt shall be compoun a . .
°d blewith tbe perml5­ by the learned Deputy Attorney-General that an appeal has since been filed
by the Government against the said judgment which is pending decision.
that cases of ~sas I. '.' '. , . . . . " .
.' sian of the Ses.sl ons Judg~., . .' '/ '. '. . •• '. .,...' 4." Some questioIls were raised before, us'witli regard to the existin
• .... '. ". . . " , .'. .' d as ta'azir puntsh. legal position intbe relevant field' with pointed. reference to some lacunas '
Ta'az":.. . , ' '.' .'. . . nishments shaUbe retame .' d in addition alleged to' be appearing .in this judgment. In my opinion it would only
" "E 'sting' provisions about .P~ ... "
. lU ' , ' t already dlscusse " a.
a nd may be pronounce
,'," \ _' ..' . .< ~ relevant to raise such points before the. Court now' ceased of juris­
menton the pnnclp e .' ". " diction in the matter,' As far asthis forum is 'concerned, it cannot go int
,
to the sentence of compensatl~n. ". ." , . '. s'p:
. .. '. . n above 1 dismiSS ',. •
No. 20/19*K.aracbi and
d direct 1hat the
.
them in exercise of pan~llel jurisdiction. lam also very humbly unabl
to contribute to, the view. taken by my learned brother on the poin
, 159. For the reagin:n~v~now the' ~ther pehtlor;aklstan Penal Code as cHon of Peshawar Bench; .I am quite clear. in my, mind .that the
S. P. No. If7be9.Ka~d:~n the different ,sectJonl~50f15\h~0 158 of this judgment. JUriSdictIon of, a' Shari at Bench' has no '. ' nexus to the Court's territorial
amendments ma 7 138 139 141 144, ' . 1981 J""'''''''''V'''' Hrather extends to ' laws, 'irresPective of the list in th .
suggested in paras. 13, '~e a; fro~ the, 1st April," ' . on which they find place. Imay also add' that once a Ia v'
This decision shan, be effect!. ' l d like to place on record moo' struck down· by anyi Shariat Bench of a High Court being' repugnant V
" 'th this Judgment I wou f the Bar have accept the Injunctions. of Islam,Wbecame extinct as from tbe date .fixed by
- Defore partmg. w~nner in which the ~embers ~out the assistance that judgment, and such decision was binding on all Courts.' Accor:dingl
appreciation for/~~a:satioo of Laws in paklltatr ~ ~e petitioners, the least I question of. any complication, as pointed out by my learned brotber,
, the challenge o. d from the learned counse M 0 thanks are specially due to did not arise.l. The referellceto the number of Judges in the Federal
this Cour.t riliel~e it was very sati~factOry. ~ us curiae, I would not haw Court vis-a~vls .the. Shariat Benches is also:' insignificant in . view of
can say 1S a tf hose assIstance as amlc ,
Mr. Khalid Is~aq bu o.r.,!, some difficult points. . nowt.h.a...t.enJoys.
a.:1.' these,.:
Smce Be.nCb.es• e!l.j.oJ..e~. identi.c.al
the .JUrIsdictIOn of tbesej.urisdictio.n
Bencbeshad a. s tberelevanc
Fe.d.eral '. '
felt confidcpt In detcrmtnmg, "ta of going through t~e w .examined by it and not., to a. particular territory,' therefore, the .'
J Ihad the advan ge h Mr Justice
ZAKAULLAll LODHI,.-:­ d by my learned brot cr • l""""'U'U'" of conflicting judgments by different Benches, was. also out of '
ment proposed to be v~~hr~; to add a few l~nes of my own. as discussed by my learned brother. ' .' .'
Hussain. I would. howe " '" f petitions in which repugnadncy ~~b 5. Petition No. 4/80 questions the ,scheme' the pe~al proVl~lOn
of
2• We had before us' fodur sctcso~e and Pakistan Penal Cho te (pea WI ce ~1"'llJ50ffencesag8.jnst bumanbody. enumerated supra, in H;that the
. f C' 'nal Proce ure f h' Holy ,Prop e
pr?visit?ns 0 of' H~\Y Qur'an and sunna~h 0 Inju~ctions of Islam). has
not provide for ','Diyat" aod. 'Qisas' in terms of the Injunctions, of
, as they do not provide for' inflicting similar injury to the aggresso w
,InJunc~:)- (hereinafter referred '~o ~s , e , . '. '., . "eye foreye'·and."ear fo( ear"etc. ' I .am in respectful agreement with W ,.
~~rallenged:,':, . , > . . , '~f 1979'and9/S0section302. P.P. main conclusions arrived at.by my learned .brother in this context. .
. (Olil' 1;>et,itions<N.os.'133456~4~i:2402. '402-A 'and'~tOh2';Bc~~e~~} has
I find 'myself' unable to contribute to the observations' incorporated
153 'of the judgment. These are to, the effect that in cases whe,
. . '. .read with secllons(h'
C de .et:emal
•...... "ter' d"'scrlbed
.. - ' as . ", e, . . .">

Procedure,. 0
 ..
, '

, , ,. ALL lJCiSTAN LEGAL bECiS~ONS

P " . MUHAMMAD' RiAZ V.FEDERALGOVERNMIi!NT ' F SC.47
46 F-S C ' - . -. . or' nearest to It . (Zakaullah Loi:lhi. Member)
~; injury in' the same., d~gree d 'to his victim,
. .'
it was possible to Inflict aanress or as lie had harm ca!lseits strict sense. • .t-~ ;:(jl.... ff, r}..;.,!,';:;-/I' ~ ,~ $ ~J!...L rr.'lj';;J'
upon the person o~ th~ n ggshould come into play, In ith this aspect of , . '. ',~ $:LL:: y. o;U.f t)' Ij..·S r~ ~:- ..t~.Y ,
. the. princiPhle ~~r, ~~~~f~~fnion. I would ven~ure .i~hede;~j:nctions of Islam.
_ subject ~o t e ..JJle . m own understand~ng o. .­ '" 'Explaining' the ba~Jqiround of Islamicdi~tates on the subject of penology.
, the subject acc<;>rdmg t~ dd Yfew words on thIs pomt. .• db with reference to this' verse, A> Yusuf. Ali, unquestionably an 'eminent
'0 - 1 'rmiY be permItted to a a " f the. . Holy Qur an an t t commentator/translator, explains in . Side Note No.554 that "The relation is
'­ . ,., true the InJunctions, 0 I t t a particular prescribed in three places in the Pentateuvh~. viz~, Exond, xxi. 23-25; Leviticusl .
, We ~re'~eq~}rh~ t~/~~~h' conditio~s as were ~r:v~r~tis~ firs~ in. its xxiv. 18-2]. and Deot•. xix. 21. The.wording inthe three quotations is
Sunnah tn t ~ Ig . h society in I WhICh Islam wa. 0 the' grammatICal different, but in none of them is found the additional nder for mercy. as here•.
junctur~ ~f tld~;~t~ :ry to apply it by rigi,dlY ~dhef~~g i~pact and beann& Note that in Matt. y. 38 Jesus quotes the Old .Law "eye for eye" etc., and
'true Sp1£1t an. ' I verse and by dlvorcmg al in view of tho modifies 'it in. the direction··of forgiveness, but 'the Qur'anic Injunctions
.. meanings of ~Jh~~~ua~d spirit of Qur'an as ,w~n :s~re-e~~nents of Isla!Dic is more particular." It is obvious that in its earlier par~, the verse explains
of the genera b upon him). The grea ,es d rovided a gUIde­ the unflexiblelawthafexisted inthedaysoftbe Moses and the. other patt
Holy peophet ~ea~~d :his course in their own tlines, a~io: of the historical .•plains the flexibility shown by the Holy Qur'an. The. earlier part of the
.LawS always ~ Soph other questions, as the· examdnilie place and posi~ioD verse is in the nature of "Khabar", whereas the later is lawlaying~ . It··· would
line for us. uc, Ie their temperamen.t an her consideratiOns need a mention that a' "Khabar" falls much too short of aUHukm"
background of ou~ lfu~p p~sent day, civilisatIOn arc otontext it is all tbf {din:ctiionJ· and its compliance. is alsonot absolutely binding. It willhave Ii
t
that they O~CUpy t~nbe kept in mind: In the are~!1 e ~f "eye for eye" ett. .effect ollly it'. nothing else was tobe found in the 'Book' 'oithe'
whiC~ '~~~sa~~e beca~se the cOlmdPlian~f~~l;~. T~~ ~~~son.was obvious. to
naClltlOin" relevant; the point.,.The reasons of rigidity in the, earlier
mor d even m the ear Y ays bavedirectrelevanceto the conditions then existing and the flexibility ,
was not stresse , . I I depends upon, the introduced' is' also dire<.:tly ,relevant to the state of things at the time of
, Th~ entire scheme or penol~~~~nop~~~ns about it that. it m~an:h~ of Islam. God Almighty in His, infinite Wisdom makes this. apparent
, of word Qisas, a~d~~~~:tf~: ~as always considere~a~ea~~~~efo~e, that the scheme of the verse itself. '. Gradual process .of revelatiolls on the .
tion". a~d .suc~de~ce in other suitable. ~ays'f ,}t eye" by' imprisonment subject cannot betak~n lightlY.-Henee, the Holy Qur'anand Hadith
of ou.r junspr d ' f punishment of. ,eye .0. d,'ffi nsive to the have. to the interpreted in ,.the light of evolution of human soCiety
subst~tute~ the TIl~S edfversion was' ncve~, c~r;ld:~~h ·de;arture· has not its demands ata particular stage of time . of. course, sucb· process
not. defeat the intent and purpose fon whiC?h HoJy QUf'an stii~ds;
flogging. e c. f the Holy Qur'an. Und?u te b deQuced for' it i,~ that
laws were systematically revealed over a penod of about 23 years '
'. a~d 10~~cy ~ut the principle tha\. ~~~n ;f social conditions and the. purpose behind this process ,was to· graduaIJy introduce' the' change
a so ~ur~ was punctuated by the re~ lsa !laborate the point further existing mode oHhings; so that by gradual character building of the·
depa ,...cabTty of "Qisas". Before I . h "Q' s" in exact terms so social.conditions could De changed.•.This process' continued "till the
impractl I I • nic verse which deals Wit, ,.sa, he eriod 'Holy
refer tO t~e ~r~p~ent ,of Qur'anic laws ~.unnfh: me&odolOgy of its were psychologically prepared to receive and follow the ultimate or
gradua,l eV :. ma help . ,us in; ut:derstan. l,n g . . on a partictilar~subject,rand no scope for .revulsion and' thereby
. " was revealed,. Y " . .. . : : .... ' .. the. Islamic, system. ofJife was left' open.' ,Such is the method of'
in the,field of Crimes. . , .'.' . : N . 48 in 'so\l1e. \,;VllUll,·"-·­ as opposed to .revolution introduced without pr~1iminaries; and
>" . '.:, '45' (I ,numbered as . 0.. i d d .may be ultimate .results arenol rare in the annals ofhuinan history•..' .
, 6 . Verse 5•... a so f .' t ration isgenerallyde\Jcc " .. " ' . . .
. ' h'ch
from W I , the princIple o. re a I ...."" , ,'. ,..... " .
. '. " 7. At the' timeoLadvent. of.Islam socialsysteIll-ofArabia (poople'o!
first;·· . .' " '. ,'., . .) . ' '" .' "jj:. \:.i)'J wereprepared,to be, used as. nucleus for the whole. worJd)was
. '.: . '.. ' ' " ..' . . ~. . / ..;JI ' i:Ju.~' 61 tU. r.· ". " Tribal' in. all its characteristics. They were ,accustomed to old
:,~~t)6~~\J~~'~
...,'. .',
'"f.~.IJ ~}u. ,"'~. • :......::>\.,.d.
J If''.,, ' , .'......" .•....1 h ._:.I\.' .
Jr.-, J ~.u- '
ofretribution namely "Ufe for life'~ ,and ~.'eye· for· eye'" etc. without
'.' '.... ,',u:" \i.)".".' .i~J).¥,;1' Lr -\01 C;,' : ' ( " - . 1 their thirst of:;vendettawould not be . quenched. Initially in the·
of intentional.murdera cha'nge .wasintroduced to res~rict indiscriminate·
"P,CJ:' J,~, .•J.~. : " , ' .,~ '.J~i~I!lil~U~"J:'~r--~. and it was directed that a slave. couId. be killed· for a slave, arree
.a freeman and. woinan fora:woman (see Pesbawar Judgment
'"u.AJ 2} £. JJlr ' ..,:., ~ ~.. (r~)
'".
. '('" . elaboration).; Later. on the course, of criminal'liability was'
:.r:is': t,J t.r ) ¥' J;" UJ). -? " ....('" ~ ~ to the cuJpritalone'with a provision'for "Diyat"~ See the principle in
.. ' ' . <­ I \ ~ j' J.U (I.J"" U) ..t ~ r.r . ' .' (~j;'ll;jjo;jl-'JY':l~ ' .. ~~':II~i~ ':I,,) . .
\ ("a. C1..,t" ',;.u 1,)".' / ,<Y 'l .IJJ v 6\..
. ... u ~T,u~ t" ......' _ IJ -:­ .u . 0
~foff~nces ~gainsthuman body thepri~cipleof '-'Dijai'~
oJ, • •
,uJI t)'S~U .:. 6'( AlJ.j ~ u'b" " .• J '..::.il~ lJ.ll'\: ~1I.) ::. SU incase
so that chances of peace ,and. harmony in the. society'
. "'" ~y.- u. J:i r.;-:- U.l"'..?'_ - .
.. ~t" '.) ".
S :Lt,!"L>~ ';.- S If"!' L
.' l'
rl":"'" ..... u
. t : " '. . ('
&f ,~.\ }'" U-J .t' ~
be promoted. The'Qisas' part was, given, the form of. narration. .
that ~xisted earlier~ It is thus binding to the extent that' it lays

-
-
-­--
i
-­
 ~UHAMMAJ) RiAZ v F
., (~ftab Hus:~!R~~eGObVI!R)NM"BNl'
'
F S. C' 49

~Iber t~
others ,tbe . ; In er '
, and sudden r ClCcu~stanccs in whicli . - . '
prr~t~iropert~ o:::i"~ri':;./pl!,:efeoce,
c~:mne(:ted ~I~~~:i:" eg~ees.
. . down Ibe I.w, wbU.lbe part is 1!e read witb othe; . direction. in tie '

~~nge Ib~
. book and.· a laW suiting 10 lhe needs oflbe society is to be ,legislated. Tho a:d'l.. d'uscd, such a,
gtadoal in lhe conditinns existing in tbe said early period in Arabia e open by the HoI B therewitll defence

:",~omogeneous ,cco~dmglY
brOUgbtl!'mto fold. of a weU.\Ulil, perfectly organised 'and ",ltemel! 7, Petition No, 12/79 y. ook Itself for ','Jjtehad": Thefleld has been

• _ tremendously,
pobllcahstale.. ,1I",,'" Ibe demands
.,1 Ike,tbe field,ofinle
ntiona
!. .m
urders alsocbJut&Ol
of the. s(!CielY·
natc
in tbis ·lie14 nrn'''''';'-'':-th t~e. Eviden~~~~;re~r~t dpetitions,nWotl~::!!Ch'
dealt with in Jalses the same co " '
have already
f~lIs
.Iso!he pnoclple l",d;cIo",n ,\aleron was "punisbment",proportio tolllo ef VIews of my I ' al e therein is n yIon about the
gravllY of offence-It IS eVldenl from verse ','42:40', ,. ' 8 outside til<: sco';!:":r ;.rother tbat, thle,;e;::r , .,1 contribute
. ;,;', ~l!A'I<'~ - '\, '. ~
.""r',~J~.." ral~
-" , .: ,fVl(lefli')e PetItion No, 1/79 . t "Court's j nrisdietio IlIg a q oestion of

~l(llen(t=e~~~~lirti':~:br.~J.;F:V~~i:.'h:vfr.~tj~w?!hi~wh~)a~~~\~~~-
"
_OS J" .... JI,:>I.t. ........ $ r.t: I~ S 1.1.'" (r"a.)

. '.' ' of an approver i two-fold u" n.

~
Verses 2:194,10:217 ..10 :126" 22:00,' 4O;40al$O exptaiil ,Ilrls n
prlocil'l"
I(~i)0 bencli~not~ong
11 y or otherw' f rence of op' , c convIction
Word' 1&1;-, does ,nol mean 'pbysicallY tbe . same.
,but.,con """ 1Irat·
prop~itionate
to ,the accused, and thnt accused, the Judges

!'W~ Tb~n ~. poin~" ~

should be themctbodOiogyadopted In expoSirigthe ,,"Ul:lU[]ner , , a an abettor do oubt should be
,and d<clarat,ion.' of .laws .on by Imam ';\1>11 Banif.ile . ?'. Fromlt
amongst tb . os not deserve capital
!n hue WIth Ihl.s tbm!"n!!, tblS pactlCC'IS not ,confined ,tOt ,
tbr~~gb in~:lIaditb"
m hand, alone. prrectlons In some other walks ,of bfebav< alSo UlltlaUy dilate upon th e esetissues,
"J~~~~tcntions
of bifurcated by me- ab - .
commo~':fm
coming fir ove, I would like

0<

,:,al structure upon

'soch pbase" ,We also .otice nt that the· lIolY'Propb<l" equity" u)l.') or" .., whICh in bases its

decISIons"on ,the same sobjeCthave beCn dilfere ; '" For an otTenoeof tbeft
~pe
to all Ik eqUlllbnom" and th ' r once, would

.,w~
1D~~ryonaQt'\ndal~~f~ten~~na~om~~de q':ti~~eas~i' .\'!,;~tigation
limbS were mutated first and ,Ibe. Ihe offender, was kilied.:'InHa7J'at
: declsions find appatent departure from Qur'an•. though 'when , or Jud:" • of life and not to t ,e of Ibis priDci Ie

in tbe light of spirit: of Quean; at'least! find norte. I' wnuld UU,lIIl1V,IIl.
omit to cite examples. lam also of tbeviewtbat whilepr.,.in!! a nl>T-ti"I',I_'~ b: •
,"!ladith'~ into ,",vice; tbe particular. periOd and existen,"· of Qru'
,
referred .t~n ;;":/'1'8, 179, 5:4'8.1U:~:3~nj'f.ctioo',in
or an namely , cr, we flOd d f" 00 of case

brin:::'bo":.~ woul~ ~:en~r~.:"er. .9;';'~~b

Im;:"Of ';bn
diroctive.ontil that timesbould alwa!' be IceP' in view, Since we do
~cirOunisl'nces.
bavenutheutic "",rd as to the facts of .eaehe caSe, and tbe time to ;t be Bridly

&' .w...'
n
Witb respect to, eatb "!ladith", tJiey, ,sbould b. usod

ca~
utmo,t.cautio , wheil legislating. ' Another noticeable fealure' of verse ~0. sne
';Qe!ltr"... lives and tlra'i roo ~onder '{or one 'loss :r''i~d
advent of Islam,hai,!lC .. 'the society that say. that verse
.t the time
2:t?i
,I
bis~rreclion <d--' .~were 'jV1i~
liis in its " "dparV' I,'e, 'ac 'ulprit a'!o be forgive. if for IThe ruie that was IJ.:'d"IVe o,f .ocial "tat:,.e on one .ide
s ave, free man f, own fnst was th or sex could

~u"'ion <&1)
of I) reasonably possib"',; would be a so made' an' ,or free man and at a slave should
pe avoia:dg~vernent exj.~:an
la~dyment, Tbi~mmon
of ilibe,principle' of ,"eye fl!' eye" was enforood io the Icould in the for woman elc.

~.te
the law of of "Diyat", law that
instance. VisibIi change of mode and method ce in Ibe decl,ion' of

°wo~dl.I~:rse rCsrn~'bility or:.,=,utal~a for, ~ :rig:,~rd~

c......;, iif tbe tim" of tbe Boly l'rophet(pea hi upou him) is
evidence of Ibe ,fact that Islamic ,laVIS did,no' ,tand' wbere theY were i.
afd tbere should b e : ' nd' yet modified toWf. !he.
tbe' in
..' beginning, They rather sbowed .: marked cbange Yiith Ihe passage nf titnC ,179 I~ys much str ys, been ,!n ,cllrrency
utes,trflS,vo.;"t,h~at. a~u:U;';'-:"
citizen co~Ms emph~is:snb=~fde:~f;
there was life in 'Q'
unfolding of neW and novel sitUations and exlgeUClcs. It is tbus 'necessarY
as,'"
payin~maCi:a~:;i;.uitt~g
y
'and interpret Islamic Injunctions, in"lbe" blstori"'!1 ' and dot!?Vlde!ltl it Qlsas" by
perspective; before arriving' at • final conclusions, on any ,pOint: for

ory ';urd~", '

in this, tbat tbe universality of Islam lieS,Tbe on guiding rules should
with criminal' ::::ses of m",ders .nothe: di fintentional'
rom these cat' as they deal W'th" erses 17'33 492
,debat~
he not to offend the spirit of anY of the Injuucti , oflslam' .As far as levaot

c~~~le~~)~ ~~~~! C::J

directives are concerned, there is, of course nQ oPening· for any.
dellberatioos,' AS 1 b.....id .bove; Jurists. of tbe day had to IiDdlll rObbefr or dacoity an Islamic of ,laws
~~
conspicuo~;~ "e~tas
,medi.and provide fo' .lternatiVe', punislunent by "0Y. of ,impr\sonme , 0 ymurder
Th I morder. Thi' II comrruttiog
of .t 'culpdt in ,sucb cases in which causing of exact" harm. to ibe kmds of intentional Jerses are a ,that we find on
w.snot
be .possible. Some authorities hove been. quoted by my 'ituati!~t':
,to tbe
future 'I ' r ers would be dealt with to how
~ a""ordi~g
•. brother 00 tbe point and 1 need not repeat or ·reinfori:e tliem. 1 !rm: and
wbo would utUis; itl,lus/,eld i. again
m eath
penalty, w'hil owever the, rule in ca. to
Df the 'liew tb.t iollictiog of bodilY harm to an offender. sboold he Much' has been s 'd
compoundmg tho !$a e of mtenhonal
~r
. eliutinated from consideration and it should be substituted' bY iml,nSl)nlDl
ae$;~:" ~ffec,t ~b:
nt nding was to be ' at about the manne;' me was merely a
any 'other suitable niode of. puoisbme ' in addition theretO
. " in lieu of ~'Da~
Legi.I.ture may consider proper, ',. Even otherwise"equalisation" as is
the offeoder and also
orglveness aboot ";"\bOd in which
prerogative
tf
bY the term "Qi..... in term' of Sby·locks "Pood of 1\eSb" ,is never,
lyat by.· the .
'}'hi< ve(se or any other v.rse o.the, puinl also'doCS .ot, """,into
/'

_.
--
­--
-+­

.--­
-+­
::::
 , "

" . 'At.' 'PAKisTA~ :L£Gi.LDEcISio~S MUHAMMADRiAZ v. FEDERAL'GovERNMENT' ./

·PS.CSI
SOFSG. ,L .." . . . . . ' . .' . . (AftabHussain,' Member),
." ) " ' d not repeated the same. Even
heirs 'of the deceased, a~dd lha~e:ubject•. 1 may only re,mark. her(eS,Vm!:lOlllClUIJI '~. \-.!1 :~~/, .. J') dJ,J III ~~ WaI:;" o~~.at'

"I have not directly touc , e . est terms when It says ,

condell\QS destroying oChre !n ~t~ong f the entire humanity. As said ;. r$ c.::~ .1* .I~ c:,"J &$~'~ V!.~

that killiOg of an indi,:idual !~~~b~~rders in the light ,of their rest>eCtl'll

various shades of mtenu , h differs from circumstances to . In VerseS:48, the.HoiyPropbet was directed in theseterms: . .

>~;:'background is a matter W h Id It 'th keeping in view the,soclal .,.. -LSJJU' ~t...r.. ~'. ~t:f ~ d;'fSJ\,.(L:~ (rJ.....>
. ,.., . d 't should therefore be ea wI'd . fons To argue, therefore,
j ,
~n th~ State and other relevant co: ~~U;d a~ against one life is t~o
~ore 'than one 'person could not d'fficuity at the same t!me; But It
.
o~~ £..ul JJI"J'·l!". 'cJl~ ,i:'yW--. c)"f H .E.... 0:/,,3

. .'. ...,l;-":'~ ~. £ op ~

. a proposition: and not. rr,ee. fro~o \ve it due consideratl?n. Verses

be in the realm of the law-makers es Sonsibility to enact, ,suitable ~ws
and 102 are clear on the Sta~.r Ptions on the pOint found In
.. subject in the light. of· th~. lDJunc '\}:'II'W" or uo\.i.r."-u for
Such legislation is ~overed by the term "102
are other verses. too, on. this point. However on the principles of
~1,",11I~.·· verses5:5S' and 70:33 may be referred to, as they deal with
;n.."" ......... In the'matter, of evidence verse 17:36, enjoins upon the Judge
f ') • '
to make alHindsof inquiries to satisfy himse1fthat,all the links in a case

'.J''''JI'~ is competent: See verses 5:101 an~ • ,. . •

u
v".
.' tJ:.i..\';( " ' J " •. ,_~'i <" J~'
~J ~ ~ (J .I', u:""""'" Uo ~' .....
:._
."t....::-
1 t:.f:.!A".. "I (rJf+')
J.l"s""
him werepeIfectlyavailab1e;~fter so directing the Qazi, the. witnesses

"titil.....,,,...ti'a8 under: . .'.. ~. .' .

"r-;.::J~ t ;},'£..:,a.,) ~~l,.~ S J~ "j~"..~\,:,~.J·(r~)

."
: :.. '"r' ~ $II ~. ~.I' ,~~))J~""~~ I.J~. ,
~. ...• . ' . '. '.. . Jl$1Jt..\t J'J.JJ:i"J:P 'J.i1 )"~ £ ~.,)Lt.,~ ~JJI ....J~.,..L,Uf" .11:'~: ,,~;,;:£ ,c.SJ,

.
. (H . .
~JA. ;}~,.~,-l..J oJ. ~J ." . .....- .. / .•.. ' '. -&jL- r(J~\il'
. '-.' wt'1> .U'· ~.t)'.'£). \.' ".. L.Jl,.i.l .$'~ ..........v~.. \.f.r.. \ ,'. t, 'Ift,!,.,t..
• ", .... Jj': 41.u.. S .t·~ ~ •.~. ;: i:. "'-t:.d'~

", .. c.r- 'r.'.,. .... ,(;; , .•.. ' · <. In this conne'ctioll.verses4 :135 and 5,:8,'2: 282-3 mayals6be referred

7, " . t' t ",,~.'jj .A··fSJ\t:'.:~iofU--J 1J~.:r:.....~.\";, : Verses 5:107 arid: ·108 enjoin' upon the Qazis'(ludges) to summon

f
, I.;'
~ JJ'J"#" 'C'.~ . ' ~/. yLft,,),s'".,.U; ""....'.
: . ·... S~~".,~.~JJ¥'ut . -,.,. '.'~
·set. of witnesses in .case theyGid not believe 'those that were produced

them. by;anyone' of t,he \rival . par.ties~' . LOgical'~eduCtion from this

:;. .... .' . ,. ".' '. 'r') ~.' :'h.' :ten

. '.'. .. t',Ion.' 1·
's' ab'o'ut....,
.··.the difference of ~. that if. no' other witnesses were availablellnd thus that bad been

.' !: 10. .The otherpart 0 ,t , ~ co~ rover's evidence. . ,No SUg;ge&1tlOn . before'the Qazi were not worthy, of confidence; benefit of doubt

· among the Judges and Credlb}hty. 0 :tiie"ie

on
points. •• In fact 10 the early go to the accused: '.' Holy Qufanhas 1aid much stress on .the point of

, be found in the Holy, ,Qut:d , of the worthy Caliph se' ry,a of' evidence" Verse 5:106 has direct rele:vance to thisprincipie.

· . of Islam, whicheJdreWd~idjn:~ .p'articular.. case .was!1o~ 10· b'
·'mo.re than _one. u g , . . . ..... .1,". ),.,., '~.).,. any example : . of t IS
,,' , 'the penod ' of \fOi;:,~ ,"
.tb¢reaftefln , .' "'~" ' - , ' 'rida s .. of Islam. a, priJ1CI1111e
• not to be ~oun~~', ~oweve~ll~a~h:~i~~d ygroJrid; thoug~ vague
'. nature" of review· or appe .. not in practice. Accord!ngty, . •
'as codification of l~~S was bondthe sCope of this Court ~
. factthat such questton fall't :;ray'
d be usefully '~e!Darked ..t,;,.:h:~a:...,t n;".'"
•being matte!s ofpro~ . ur~ulated . keeping. in view the
'. on the pOlOt! ca!1, e f IslamiC: judicial systeJ.!l. Moreso,
, which is t~Q ~Iflce/ 0 d. the "Hadith"'i\rid,maJot part of
is,' however no direct reVeJationabout.the.·use'ofCircumstantial evidence,
corroboration· 'of' .oculal"'·testimony' or' as .independent . evidence 'to .
", . conviction. in;acriminat case. Same is the case about the worth .'
to - bet attached ~tciaij: approver's statement. It· is phenomenpn, '.
attracted the mooemsystem of. laws•.~But in the 'scheme of
asthey:stand'intbe; .Holy Quc'an there' is~h1so no re8Son to put.
on .the use of such evidence, provided it waS logically and' reasonably
in th~ .'. fajr:. 'dedsi~n., of~ases':lfen<!e,' this\should also, ~ttr.act law.. '
a~tentton& . ......... - ••.. ~ _ " " . '.' ". .
" .... '" - , . '
11. Next. comes,ihe . qontention .that . an J~bettor. co'uld not.,be .

capital p,unjshment..;Qnr·anicInjunc~ionsiweresi1ent ~boutsuch -. ,

,'Quranic InJund~o.ns an . to be. tackling' the' cases of , ; hence the principle of :'ljtebad" snould be invoked~ The 'concept

.. developed.later, o~y. rPlh,arssubject is,. directly and .substantIally mens rea' is.,. of .fundamental . importance '. in~' Islamic '. "legalsystem~

Since the treatme~t ~. ,.IS 1 . tberefore,a~ few word~'may evident from, the di~tinction created by theabove-cited ve~s which

. upon the law'ofevldencem Isttam, 'n' this. field; also we find only
'. '.' Alike' many other ma ers, I , . . . .... . . IIUIlgulsn' accident~l-murder. (Jt1' 'J:i) from. intentional murder .. (~ J:i)

here. '.. ')'"

'pri.nciples.• ", . "" ., ~.:;".' h' d ty o~ a' Judge'.'

iule thus ,is tbatthe physichlpunisl)ment is for intention and act both
.' .... h 'r' . . hasIS Oil t e '. u ~ , not for any one: of them independent ;ofthe . other.: However, intbe" 'i "
r
i
,.~,' Firstly, ,<u an emp '.: ..... " '. ". 'on Prophet Datid' in bis ofQur'anicInjunctionsit is often·argued, thaq>Unishmentof crimes in
. : fair and': ,jroparti!l1. It tbwJrityenJt~n~id~', litigatiorifairly •an~ mainly', depends .upon the direct .. act alQne. ~ I do riot hold this view~
, . ", ()f deciSIon-makIng ~u .....• .' .'. . ' ..... ,. . , ' .' . of the' opinion' that primarily the punishment is for the act; and the .
. ',Verse...:.
'.' .. '. 38'..:26." 1 '''is '" "..~dlfo~",
. ...........;... ':.' ~ .J>.. :' .l";.b '-.'. behind. '.t.he a.'cttial act serves.'as. an.l..a..ggra.va.ting f~~t.or ot.b.c..r.wise~.,C
j

~ Jt"",.r::!. IJ"'. >"...:. . . ~,l"

.'.;,.sJ.,.
. ... ' . ."
..
."
,,>. -f:'*', t' ,I .. 4' L
. •. . :~"" t.·~;·,J:m.l~JI.:M~~".·.rl""
":, . ; .. ' .. <".'.......1,.;., "
.
. (p.,397). /.'.'premedttated hOnuClp,c't has ,'been c
. view was that ill'ttie eases in~ ,which murder'bad.bee c
\',: .~
..."... ~tJJ1J.r fJ ."""",~,~ .... , . . "

,. '.
 MUJLUiMAD RiAZ v~ FEDERAL GOVtiiNMENT
. . (Karimullah.Durranl. Me~r)

, ' IsJam~U"
brings,ueh law or provIsion in'to
f'.. •
conf~rmity'withtbe, I~junctionso
, :­ ,. " , ,_ .•
\
' The cumulative effect of these twoclau~ellwould be to remove the so-decla
is fOf this rc~asorithat the President,in caSe of a Federal law and the Governo
law from the Statute Book from ibedate the relevant decision takes effect. I
of the Province' in ,case o~' laws falIing within the Provincial, sphere, ar
enjoined upon to take ,steps to. so amend law as to bring it in conformity wit
the decision of the Sharlat Bench of a Higb Court. ',' . :., .
Now. this 'declaration of repugnancy by a Sbariat Bench. of a law or
provision of law to the lrljunctionsof Islam can ,possibly result in two ways•..
Either it would leave nothing for the authorities'mentioned in clause (a)
of the sub-Article reproduced above to. legislate in order to give effect
' thereto' when. no :Jacuna is left .in, law ,with.the ipso facto removal of the
impugned law or provision from the Statute Book, as was the p,?sition created
b'the decision in Naimotullah Shah v. GOl't. ofPakistan. (1) wherein clause Cd)
of sul}:para. (3) of paiagraph 25. of MartiaILaw Regulation No. US ofl972,
COnferring first right· of . pre-emption, on a tenant inland sold byJhe owner,
decJared repugnant to the, InjunCtions'or.Islam and' tbe decision was
to~akeeffect immediately with the 'pronouncement thereof. Or,on
otberh'and, it would necessitate alternate or 'consequential legislation .
the authOritiescoricerned' where it is so required to . be clone in oroerto '
in the lacuna.or to avoid chaos resulting· from the' removal 'ofth
·tCJ)1llmlant law. ,Nevertheless, the decision wiJJ take its effect on. the existin 0O "
of Jaw fOithe whole of Pakistan notwithstanding tbe territoriaUimits 0 G.
High Court coneeroed.' Inothei,wordssuch declarationasis under-discus_, '
Would have extra~territoriaJ effectiveness.1twould not be a situation '
lIDorr,,,,,,," in the annals " of legal . history, . 'as
many. a Federal' Or Provincial, law '
n
be effective' in .the whoJe.' of .the· country once it is held ultra I'ires.
1 .authority. of its legislator: Unless,' of course, it is follOWed by. a
IontradlictlO'1ry... decision by another' competent Court in which casetbe appJi­
of the decisions would remain confined to the extent of the territorial
of the' respectiveHigbCoiirts.~' '.. ,':

An objeCtion was taken ,to the effectiveness of the decision of Shariat .'
. of the Peshawar. I!ighCourt. ondieverfsame'bypotheticaJ reasoning
lD case of confllctmg declaratIOns by more than one High Court. the
of'repugnancy by one wotild,not remaincapabJe oJ'impJemen ..
outside tbeterritoriaI limits of its jUrisdiction. This objectionwas
.ably 'countered by Jbe'Jearued amicus curiae' Mr. Khalid M. lshaq,'
the refusal of the 'Shariat 'Bench'.ofa High Court todceJiuc a Jaw
to the tenets of Islam would only' be of 'the effecttbat law i: .
lSeQuelJlUY .de~lared
'r.emain. u.n.efii
..ec.·'ted
repugnant by anoth~r
... 0.iI.' ',. the Statute Book til.J SUCh....t ime.as it i : .
Shariat·· Bench .i!l which event II
law would cease' to'be'a vaJJd one. But poSition could no .
same:wbeIi: a .declaration of.' repugnancy . ofa. law or. a provision of
already been made by.a'ShariatBench- ofa High Court and thereafter
Bench of another High Courtis'asked to make a contradictory
to·that aJreadymade.ln this 'position the latter would notbe com­
of
in.a~tto ~tin~ .'
to enter into examination the particular 'Jaw,. becauSe .tbat Jaw would .
J
. e.x!.s.tin.g.•. ·8.n d. IS..ur. i.sd...I'ct,
beShamtBench: to, soiO..ndeclare
.'...' t.o.....d.ec
.. 'lare,
a lawa I.aw,
whichre.p.lsvahd
.u. lawISlamv. .
at tbehme,
as it may, thissituatioit' dOes not .arise "in tile case of the decision
. . . <Op;LrfI97~i Pesh.(Shariat J3~nch) ,104" d. ,
 " "
, ,
ALL PAKISTAN tiG~;DECiSiON$'
,
, ~Ot. XXXlt'
,
1986
'MUHAMMAD R' " . , '
., . '" lAZ v. FlrDBRALGo ..
, 'under'referrence as no other Shariat' Bench" either-before or after the
. specified therein,i,e. 1-12-1979, has made a' contra pronoimcement in tho

Ja=
Oil
" : ; ' (Kal'/mullnll Dlirranl.MembeVE)R~
behalf of G d ' . " 1'.,
~ p S C 55 .
, ,
. regard ana therel9retheonly decision In, thefield,sofar~ is that of the G
( .......'J.J,..s::i.,' 0
•"
and tile
,
d om
cn er becomes th- •• '.',
• . }lassanKhan's'petition. I would not-IiketofurtherinduJge in.discussioni:ln h" u· ~1\t1 1!.IJ1.:l) 'Th' f e rCCJplcnt oOr R
.....- the ~mpetency' of ,the petitions agitatjng the same question beforeu& as after . Vi lch are. comitlitted : ' IS, 0 course, does not in I d . IS alu~a
having had the benefit·· of the perusal ofthejudgInent of the learned Chair.. !»?lUent an offen In furtherance of"P, , C u ,e tbose murders
manand.in view· of the., fact· that I myself am mainly itl, agreement with the FUna' and/or of,:e ,of murder is found to asad. and/or 'Fitna' 'Tt..
, essentials oC that as well as those of'the judgm<;nt of 111Y learned brother case 'of (.4&' J.:.t) agtng of war against the S c()ntal~ elements of .l,~e, 'Fa 4

AftabHussain, I: am confident that the decision ofthe'Courton the petitions

·in . hand. is not going ..to .differ, in , any materiaJ aspect from that which was
of, the 'natu~nJY b/J~,' also, becomes 'Ha:~~:~: ::es not ~emai;d~
like
" pronounced in Gul Hassan's case by the' Shariat 'Bench .' of tbe. Peshawar High Chapter J[ of the' J~e case then Would' not be me other,,-offence ~
Court.. ,;. " ..' . '. " .' , >', ". ,
i~e~~a~!w~~~a1~r °a~::~nk~~:r~~n~~~'~~uJd b~~~~~::iS~:bk 178
V of " .

· " . 'Ati;o I cannot persuade 'myseJftoag~~e'withmy s~id'learnedbrotb'ers perSOn 'who kills the culprIt. Similar are the ther' partIal nor total 'Au~der
cases of a e 'd' ,
on the n'on-permissibility :Of, complete pardon "by, " the/heirs, of a r, ' f1 ' '," e murderer afte.r haVlIlg
,,' lUW'
received n' t' ~ Cf IVlst and of
, victim' cif'QatH-'Amd' to the murderer.ln 'nlyopillion' verSe 178 of availab~m in Ol~~ in .c?mlQ~ .to the conclusio ,~ya J~ lle~ of :Qisas'. a,
Chapter II of the H,olyQur:an cannot· be: read.in isola~ionof the ,other verses
of the lIolyBook.' 'It has, to· be read hi'conjunction,with other verses on M~a~Q~~-Bi1"~hUbh.~~m~~t,l-l-~lUa~' as it is a~a~~~leCOfPl~te '~fuw' is
, usmam of Verse 178 ,e commentary f n Katl-I-Khata.,
thetopic'J of.. 'Qisas' arid' 'Afuw', found. in different 'cbaptersof the
Qur'an. 'Tbe various' 'Abadith' 'of tbe Holy Prophet .. (PC!lOO .be, upon' him) , ,Interpretation of the ph
under :_
(_' of ChaPter The II.
Maulana Shabbir'
rase "-J.J~.) r;;.. ~ ilJl') , appe~ded) to the
Ngte
on these topics are also to 'be "kept in.mind While interpreting the verses, , " " ' • , . , J In this
under, refere41ce in 'order )0 see whether 'total' pardon is availabJe to tho .;iI,W JAIo.-'~: . . . . . ' . .. ." ' Verse reads as
.e... r....."J
culpritoftbe murdermentiooed. therein; . ': ".', , ':' " ,._
After a '.careful s~udy'of 'these'versesand ~he'Ahaditq',I have come
the; conclusion that tbe heirs .of tile deceased in 'Qatl-i.'Amd', are --~"~'--L
. "..1" "'~~

~~J,)Jfo ilrt,b~I"J;lI•.iu1~~~;:· .~ :~.4J",~j~'~tJ

~J,J~:JJIU"~'I.r:'~.)I; ,)'49"
~I..&.. :

·· .
f

"io
•

'.H-c.
. ...'

~ G..,ujlj.).". .•

to grant total pardon to' 'the culprit inthe.s·ame manner and in the .. . ~. ·..eft', UJA....ii
IJ ....cJ.J)·1
"" .•
',J.
Qatl-i-8hilbh-i-'Amd' 'and "Qatl-i-Khata'. They ,arej fuUy'entitled ' " ;., .
.'., . ' '.:., ..... , ' .Yc.t;.JI:'.Ji'
,forego tbe" right· of.' realization ,of the Whole, ora '. part of the. amount
. Diyat in the, same manner as they are. entitled ,to Jorego tbe right of AswilL'beseen ti '. '. ..' '.. ""~)~~:IJ~J~" .......... '

. But it has ,to be noted ..that in' case of cOQlplete pardollDY tbe' heirs tho lsmani has read . ,r?~, the above-quoted . . .' .• ,7"" .:.,:

Maqtool ' in' 'Qatl-i.'Amd'. the perPetrator of. the. offence is not absolved additi~n:.b~~' the o~~r;~slfonrefo~ total p::rdon . {lt;~e·~auIana Sh,abir Ahmad

. of his liability to Tazeer, as.he is not purged of the, 'Zulm' which be bat OCCurnng in the verse" . '. Cetve Dlyat 10 lieu of'QJsaS~se'tbnder reference iii

. committed on tHe, Society by takinglifeofa M~Soom.ud.;Qam I.e. a human a parcelor'somewhat' m respect~f.AfuW(.i~j is a, ?ugb the ~ord

.,.", being whos~ life was, ',not legally. forfeited to ,the State iripunishment oh be that wh' . . ' thus the .plamm ",". whIch means ath'
/. , t crime.: J am ill fttUagreement; with ,my liameabrother Aftab Hussain~ M., , Osoever somewh t. . .' . eanrngof the ph .. , .'. '.,. lng.

i when be says tbiltin case' of this,:type,of"murcler. tbe Right ofGod is merged pensatJO~ for the , lost 'Jjli a rPhardons ,his, brother h rase, Inter alia, wOU.ld

· witb . tI~ose .of JIis 'crea!ures (Haqooq-uJ-'£bad) and that ,the, prescribed' come when the heirs ar e. ,e questi0n, of' ' . e shall receive

punishmentin. this . offenceis. 'Qisas\ . It is Qnly a reduction of sentence :;/uJlpardon there~~~fd Prittarbe ed .' to ful1y ~ir:~. tt.hef Diyat woull.:::;
, bebalfOf God Almighty \"bicb. comes 'as 3' blessing.from Him to tbe verse· lays dow' th . any quest" i accused as ,. .
hasbeeriused .. . .n, e,provision,for . . Jon of payment of ' In case

, thattbi~ pnnisbmentgets, con\'etted'jnto'payment of ' Diyat to' the beirs total pardon., connotes partial pardon,.', bufiid ment of compensatio~l:t.,. As

, " the deceased 'on'partial'p:udon by tbem: ami once Diyat is .paid both
. . . . '. • ' ? Cs not by IOterid . . e Word

, . . me~texc.lude·

, these amalgamated . rights.are.expiated::AlthoiJgh pardon, in loto

N 4Thea.bove 'J"n't''e'r'p'reta"; tlon ..',f' , .' ..' ''.... . •. .'' ' ,.

'. ' the aggrie'ied'; party . absolves.the culprit; of the Rights or

Jo:-/ofChaptery Which en'~int~e, ve~se tind~ further s " . " ..

An ex~;[;~n'h~f~ ear· and tgoth O~I:ai~~~ slayi!l~ ,0fauPR;:tof;onl ,Verse

" ' 1 Rigbtsof God which lladmerged into tbe·Rightsofmenon the cornmi_

.: of the .offence gets, on a: completepardon,separated therefrom and

"r~vived.: This RighfofGod on ,account oOhe element of'Zulm' in the lion ofth.e fo.i1oWj~gn made ,to said nlle of. exa~i%nJ~ufry.QtC?the huma~Obo~bye ,

will be exacted In this case by, the'Court, wbowill have the discretion , ,. proVIso the ,... ..... . JSas' by , . •
taking into consideration attending'circumstances of each case, either to Was translated b 'M '.. . .' '. relQ (AJ ~ U~ ' . ' " ' mcorpora_·
. . Y ,aulana Mah d ". ..HI .~ u..l,.&j ~.J) " '
a suitable Tauer to or leave the matter to rest with Allah by not aWllrdilll1l
sentence at·all. This·Tazeer~an be.toany,extentbarring the; sentence of,
, "".

oM.
.
'. ( I ' • pi . '.
,," ':>)A J~
'..
..'
ur
moo ul Hasan as nnd ."
..er._
c, ...., fi li~ ('"' ;( •.'
U ..,WhICh
,'.
" '., .',
of
as to exact, 'Qis~s' is the right of the, heir~ the deceased (W:J. 4J.tl t:I.~ J.lle persuasion to
rel,ative to an,
....~. _
. , pardon' contained in h· .. ;.
' , ) ' 1 . /oJ - .. c.:.' . '. '";, .. '

. ". ~ Jfj ,.JJ , ; .

17:33 and once ~m opti~nto notto have,~is~s~is :exercisid by them It has bee~ ~~~~~ar cause for 'Qisas' :nd ~ords reprodUced above ,':

,wayoftotalotpartial' 'AfUW~)J the"senten~ ofdeath· stands

" . . ., ; , , . , . . . ..
the Qtrender 8e~s hj;V~n:~~~,Wthdosoever inst~aj~n;?'. in, !t8import

. . ': . ~~a e ~ . . . . ... ,exactlng 'Qisas'

-- --:::=---
-+­

--
-+­
 . . ALL PAKisTAN LEGAL DECisioNS' MUHAMMAD RiAZV. FEDEJW.. GOVERNMINT FSC57
56 F, S C.~ ; . ' - . .. ~ . f L r , '(Korimulloh DUTToni, Member)
. . . ' a statclnent 0: aw 0
. oj, .
. " .,' . f thO . v"rselS • •
a ..~
. Maul~na-Usmani. further elaborates the meaniogof these words in the
-' " I.e. . .
. The earhe.r part 0 IS '" ". .. • '.... 'I' , . 'fi '.".' 1 ._~~I"
' ....' " d t b ; ght tlerem or ... - - • fOl!oWlDg manner:- . ,. ~ '.. '. .
~IJi 'but the later 'part IS an an?en, men,., ,roues law of Islam (1.1'"1) by
The whole vetjr includin~ the, .r:-.. part. eCso~78 . 179'~nd~194ofChapter ,E~ u·;'~ L~lL J:... .;~:. ~,a.~ ~ J:Nl 'Y1.tt!" tr.J~ ~
reading this verse in. conJfnC~<?nt~I~Vre.rs~any ~ .Jurist of Islam has h~ld
'~<" • II aml Verse. No. 126, o . hap e\-'(AI '~quba p. 136).' The great Egypttan dl.>l ~clt...~~)~ 2:-.).F cit... ~ L 11)' ~,J.,S' .. cJ!'l

'.Afiiw' as .a··form. of pun~sn:en ~. "I ·d":.'I·,~l:..J.lh.a.s h.eld th..at 'Af.uw· ~4,r j~:;..I.S'ti. ~c=.,'~.(.,. 4i ~~illr:t....,r- J';i:.

. bd IQ d' Oada 10 hIS ..r~;J \......,-"......

Scholar. A u a tr, . - ' , ' . , . . . . .. d fma' (UrdlltransIatton by
. ".
(pardon) is provided' by the Qur'an, Sunnah an.J .' .' h '.. n that tis' ~ e,;f.::. dllLJ:cJ-ljI • L t;~ ,.,.' rrl./l JEll J~t

,($jl~.ltt" iJl••..)i ~L. 'U"lJ.,.. , Vol. II~; p_ 157). "He IS als~:~f~ e opmlo
". iJ.:. L;­ /'

'Afuw' is better. than th7 p~nis~me!1t.. ,; .... ":""tl 't: G :d ~n 'the person The Abadith narrated by~t.;j.J1 r:;J.r ""I and ~, .,~"':.tIi (apparently
. '" " ····h t 'Af ' is one of the greaes ~o. . ,
,Needless to say ta ~w"f ;hisdeadly'enemles oragamst. a two different fRawees·. one belonging to 41;;' ~ and othet to ~.l.J:I which
who pnictises the same even hm.caseP d the' greatest harm. Verse 134 of
' , . h hands he as receive, . . . . Th" erse is as. are included by Darmi; Ibn-i-Maja and Abu Daud in their compilations of
personfromw ose. .. tly be quoted.·in .this.,.c.'ontext. IS"V,
the Sunna of the Holy Prophet (Peace be upon him) and which are considered
- Chaptet: HI may cor,tve~len ..•. ~', ,'. ' : .,',.' '. ..
by the consensus· of the learned as three out of six authentic compilations
~~llOWS :-:- .• ·.~IW"~I, ~idIJ' ;.IJ~b ;.1,rJ1 u~iJj.U!.!lJ.!lJ1 (I\:.. c,~) are tothe effectthatthe Hol~ Prophet' statedthat in (...." ~Jii) .
aDb .1. IJ"'WI IJ" v:: • lJ, -. - , ..•; " o~JI",="""i'
any out ,of three courses 9f ~Qisas',' payment of Diyat or pardon by the
. '. ' '.':, d "d
It has been'ren ere
·nUr~u"bY'Sheikh~UI.Hitid.MaUIana
1., '.. , .•
Mahmoodul Hasan heirs of the deceased can' be adopted·· and ..nothiDg· else is to be acted upon •
These Ahadith when examined . in the Jigh Jof the above-quoted verses of the
in the following m~nn~r:-, ' , ' . , ' ..'l? ' ).. " J - . Holy Book ,would not leave any scope ofdouhton their authenticity as these
'. t ·~!:V-t. I ,,~... ~. ;Ll~,E:, f!.r.' , (J ~JI ",. do not lay down a rule which is not found in the HolyBook•. There are
:JI,~ J-' .~ ~ J,J ~ ... ~ , .. ," I t'~
also other narrations on the topics. of murd~ in .c_C,'-'" bydiffere~t
(-""
iIC~ . . . ".~l.. .Jl' '·1 A ",.,r", fJ:"~'y ciLuJ.' ~ -.
.~.I" $l) L.' V· . J-' ' . .' , ~'.. .,'I' "",1... narrators in which the messenger of .God has been reported to have said that

. in case of murder one can either exact 'Qisas' or take 'Diyat'~ ~ The mention'

" ,' ......... ' . , •. h' < . iby' ,Maula~aU~maniis'as under!-:, . ofthe3rd method of COfilPosition' by the above-named two narrators would

,The commentary ~n'tlsver~~ ' , ' " ',l:'t..("""~'~ not render'. their narration conflicting to .the latter Ahadith, wherein two

.' .' '. '(' '. ( '. . . . ' . 7 .... L~'LJ\...r:-IJ! ,s-IJ. I,JiY
, J.)ld $"~.,J. A. . ~ '-lr.'" "':.' ,<_. (':"'. ;~LU K"Jll, ), U.tII1a1l.." .
~".Jh.~·,,::J,) .Y, U I.Y'." . ,
methods are mentioned of dealing with ,a ease of murder. As long as in

..,. "., • addition in' one or more of Ahadith to. the rules laid down in the rest uoes
'4J'!t> ~.""UUIo" u.r' . . J",-:C,-·,:.l··"<.r .,.':ol 'I"~, not come'in .. conflict. with the .Qur'anic'principles,the addition will be con­
". , .. ,~,.u.~,~~~: •.:=..U':"JJ'" ::,. • lidered as an expansion of the rule of law .and not a contradiction tbereto~
,,' f • -, , " , . - ~ J . ,A ,

These conclusion. do find further support from a numberof Ahadith .

IIlrrated through uifferent sources on the topics of 'Afuw'. Sahih. Bukhari
c

published by Qur'an Mahal, Karachi in its Vol, Il 'contains the followina

Hadith : ., ' ' "

J ~1..:iliJjlrl..Ji;ci~~.~f.,,,.u.JI aa..~J 01' ..!aIJr ~ .' •••

,1- \

.... .Ja1~1.Ji;~i ~I.UA. '.- ~ '.' ~t.ll ~ al¥ J~ .,·~t1Jlu)\aI'"

.• ,J~ls'"Iv-UJI'~~I·c:r ~~Il;..l:!,iJl ~., '~.,.JlI~

his· been, rendered i'nto Urdu in th~ same pubIicatio~ as under' : -'

!JJt-lr,~i.): ~lt.,J~·~J ti(.JlU:Ioa.,vo I rl;" I ~"f&""

·JWlu,u.I(t" •• ' .'. ~t~~J.~Tv-I! ~'l.1"'cJloI

_J~t...,;).,1 •.. ~ ~. ~,~ ',bl _11I0I.ui1¥:. LI~l...I; &')JII

. tlf.JJr\.,t!";~u:' ~t :.L.~.Ia1:';".u-~ bl,. ~l

 58 F SC ALL PAKiSTAN LEGAL DEqisioNS . MUHAMMAD R..\Z v. F8oERALGoVERNMlNr

. . . ~,j4.a..~,) ~ t)~ )t~ i .9, ". .$:'UjJ..' ,.}-J,).:.,s­ ,:'~
, ' . OllDEll OF THE Co .
FSCS9

.. Jl..) eli J.'1J,s' S~

The Court h b '. URT .' . .
. -\ crl as Y. maJonty arrived at the fi I ' "
~~. "

.Needless to
li8y"".that this Hadith iss commentary on this verse of the
1.1(),~979Th~!ju~gment of the Shanat Bench 0; I~~ng
sections 54,55 an':{ Hassan Khan v. Governme he Pesbawar: High Court
decision: ," . ..,
'.'.~
Qur'an.j;::..
:
d
402 and 402.B of 3~~ f the Pa~is~an Penal Cod!, OidPakls!an (I) declaring
. ..., . etl~ ) .•, ..••. ci;)~ V'"'J.,.wl.:1:. the Schedule . 0 e of Cnmmal Praced ,an, sections 345(7) 401 '
repugnant· to .Injunctions of Isla:reis 'l!~h ~e relevant ~rts of
,
fJeld.
In this respect yet another H~dith from the compilation of '')j'.) JlI may IIfely . 2 I' .' mdmg and holds the
be quoted :~. • t IS held by ma' 't '

IDjUDNctions of Islam on t'h:lf~J:~~~:Cg:td~t~02'JP, P. C. is also

. .
. .
o exemption of death se t Ilona ground :_ repugnant to
tl,}r. ..»1 ~ ~I JJ-J .:..~ L. Jli .JOL. lJ ..,-11 IT •••• \:S.
a •• '
(a) an offender who's' n ence has been provided for­
'. !
."-~tf
. .
..~'~I '::II'~~ ~'#~l ~
- " , ' \ \
(b) a parent killing h~S/h]Qsane at the time of execution' and
.3 " 1 er son. '
Mah~i, Karachi) rendered into " Sec~lons 304 and ' .
prOV1de for c~mposjtion and3g:;!e::eo/~.b~g~~nt becau~e they do not' I .
Vol.lIIHadith.No. 1084 published by Qur'ari
UrdU it would read as under:~ :. . . '
4• Sections 324 325 Iya. J a so
.. ~l..",I ~I ~~. AlJ :.., UlI~~~' ;:Cui~IJc~1 ~.l..., ~ \S"~. lIOt also provide fdr Qi~ 326, 329, 331 and 333 are rep
. or payment of compensation uggant because they
~.,)j-'~ ~l... ~ ..:~~,j,~,. JJ"J~~"'~ -~ '?!-£ .c:."JJ 5 F h .' . ( eeyat, Ursh or
al~o urt'dermore sections. 326 and
<
"'I.;'T J 1)' rj'::lu"l..;J ~ ~ til~ \~I CI"'~ £, ~'y'TA...u...JJs"'~
. . - •• ' -! •
proVI e for composition. . 329 are repugnant be
6. Sec',. . ." . , . . . '. cause they do
:' ' . ·~(S Ju, i..'::I,):.:.,l-J~ ;L../'. ~" t).J1t: tlons 335 and 338 . ' ~. , " .
. .., '\ .' .. payment o('Oiyat'. . ,are repugna~t because they do not .
7., Other provisions I r ' . " , ' . ",
,

C.M~.J'iJ~" contains
,.,
also . provIde
. ihe, following' • .!.-!.....
from Tirmizi> ,and,
!llJIUIZOalilf as they do n t ,re ~ 1!l8 to hurt in Cha
Maja: Abu Dardatoldhebeard God's messenger say, "No one will suffer compensation (Diya~ J;:'t
de ~r absolute compo~~d~bq,y( of P.P. C. are
any bodily injury and forgive it without God raising him a degree .for it and 8. 1 " ' . or aman).· . I I Y and payment·"
removing a sin from him~'. ' . . n c;:ases m , which .)L.,;JI·· ., . . .
the ro . . . ,U-- (nght of mao) is t·· .
apPJy.Th~V:~;::n~f sections 40', 402~A-dlid .402 reated to be pre­
........" . .I l .
c Itwas oii the basis of the above-quoted versesofthe Holy Book
.' the Holy Prophet (peace ~c:,repug~nt to the HoJy Qu·~' Cr. P. C. shaH
Ahadith besides many others on' the topic" unde.r disCussion that almoSt
the leaders of differenfschools of. Fiqh in Islam have conceded the . rigbt
complete' pardon .to the h:eirs ····of the victim of ,'Qatl~'Amd'. 9. This d" . : " lIpon him) to this extent r an and the Sunnah
eCls',on shan take efti' .•... .
In tbeCourt's Order dated23rd~fromJhe lst of April J980.

heirs have, therefore, the option either toexact 'Qisas' through the
the .Court or the State, or to as for payment of'Diyat'. They can also
the whole or a part of the amqunt' of the 'Oiyat'. The consequences of :_ .•., , pt~mber 1980 passed in h .

.; .. _ . . , t e follow1DJ
. pardon . in tolo on the . part of the heirs have been discussed by me in
(1) S.P. No. 13/19(L) , . .
, earlier part of this nO,te. ' . .' . ., ' .' . . . ••• "Muhammad Riaz'
. lam also in complete ugreementwith the tearnedChairman, i>ll""nUllOlD versus \
" ,Ahmed,J. as Jwas. with Abdul Hakim Khan. C. J. t as he then was, (2) S. P. No. 69/79(L)' ',Federal Government andanothor

'_Peshawar High. Court, in Gul Hassan' Khan v. Slate'o) that section

of the Code of Criminal Procedure is.not merely procedural as it denies ... ·Javaidandanother·

.right of composition to the effected parties and is therefore to this )!ersus

repugnantto Injunctions oflsJam~·. . . .' '. . . . Federal Government and otbert
.(3) S. P. No. 1/79(K)"
, With above observations,l would endorse the order' ploposed .... In re Muba~mad Shari M h .
learned Memtier ·Sheikh Aftab Hussain, of the dismissal of Shariat (4) s. P.No.2j79fK) ...
, G' '....
,hulam Mujtaba Saleem .
u ammadJ
Nos. 20 of'1979 and 1 of 1979 both from Karachi, and of aUowini the " )!trsu" . .
petitions. ..'. . . ' .' . '.' .
Fede~tion of PakUtaa
. . . '."
" (1).ILD I!SO P.h.l ...' .

.'
--I
--
-+­
-.--,.,.,.....
60 F S;.~ Au. PA~JSTAN LEGAL DI!CisioN~
(5) S. P. No.
, ,
12J79(K) •••.. Mr. Muhammad Shaft
'
versus
Federation of Pakistan and another
. . ' , }md8dullan Unlu ' (,'
(6),.~.P. No. 2O/79(K) . : 1ersus' .
w,' !

Federation
. of pakistan andanotll•
'

(7) S. P. No;7180(K)
• 1, .':

, ... Ghaziand others

yersus ,
'Fedcratiol'lof PakistaB.'.
, (8) S. P. No. 9/80(L),'... ' Niu Hussain', .
" -.ersus
Federal. Govermrient, of Pakistan
another.·, ~ .
. .. ,; . "',
e" "'::(nlula~ Mujtaba Saleem'
,(9) S.F. No. 4/80(K) ;
;, :virsu$ ":
,Federation of Pakistan
Through inadvertance a' typographical error. as todate bas tak~n
Instead of "1st of April J981" .'namely, the date on . which the order
become effective,Ulst of April 1980" has been mentioned. ;
, " ,,' .The correct date ,is, 1at.',of Ap~U '1981: and theordershil1l thus
corrected. and the Court's Order shall become effective from this date.
Petitions accepted act!j?rdiJwl~~
'. ",. .'
'S.A.H.,,'
THlEND".

,',
, . "' .

L..ATE MALIK MIR M "

. FOUNDER OF TH UHAMMAD
P .. L. D. . . . E, ".
A man oifh' 'h . . ' P. T. D. & P. L C .
19 mtegrity a d ' . . I ' . .
dignity of labour an: wPrmci/s who believed in the
'.' developing the three l:ad~o eLY responsible for ' '
D k' mg ow Journals of
H J ' , r a Istan' , '
e uedicated all his
to' I'l'e 'a ,. ener ' . '
gy, skzll and knowledge
II . cmeveme t 0if l '
A pioneer inprivale Law~R IUS; luef!ls. .

" " ' ~ ,.' 'J .

.M Breathed his last, :ta";~19~rkiStan.

ay Ius soul rest in eternal pea~e. Ameen! '
, ' '

----