Art Appreciation Module

MODULE Arts Appreciation
Introduction to the Course
Course Description:
Art appreciation is a three- unit course that develops students‟ ability to appreciate,
analyze and critique works of art. Through interdisciplinary and multimodal approaches,
this course equips students with a broad knowledge of the practical, historical,
philosophical, and social relevance of the arts in order to hone students‟ ability to
articulate their understanding of the arts. The course also develops students‟
competency in researching and curating art as well as conceptualizing, mounting, and
evaluating art productions. The course aims to develop students‟ genuine appreciation
for Philippine arts by providing them opportunities to explore the diversity and richness
and their rootedness in Filipino culture.
Learning Outcomes
KNOWLEDGE
1. Demonstrate an understanding and appreciation of arts in general, including their

function, value and historical significance.
2. Define and demonstrate the elements and principles of design.
3. Explain and evaluate different theories or art.
4. Situate Philippine arts in a global context.
SKILLS
1. Analyze and appraise work of art based on aesthetic value, historical context,
tradition, and social relevance.
2. Create their own works of art and curate their own production or exhibit.
3. Utilize art for self-expression and for promoting advocacies.
VALUES
1. Deepen their sensitivity to self, community, and society.

2. Discover and deepen their identity through art with respect to their nationality, culture,
and religion.
3. Develop an appreciation of the local arts.
ICCT Colleges Foundation Inc.

V.V. Soliven Avenue II, Cainta Rizal Page 1
Our Color Quiz tests your knowledge of color theory, color terms, color mixing
and color symbolism. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. What two colors would you mix to make green?
a. Yellow
b. Violet
c. Red
d. Blue
2. What is a Hue?
a. A mixture of two primary colors
b. One of the colors of the spectrum
c. A mixture of any color with white
d. A mixture of any color with white
3. What is the correct order of colors in the rainbow?
a. Green - Blue - Violet - Indigo - Red - Orange – Yellow
b. Red - Orange - Yellow - Green - Blue - Indigo – Violet
c. Violet - Indigo - Red - Orange - Yellow - Green – Blue
d. Yellow - Green - Blue - Violet - Indigo - Red - Orange
4. Yellow can be used as a symbol of ............. and

............. ? Tick two of the options.
a. Humility
b. Life
c. Happiness
d. Evil
5. Black can be used as a symbol of ............. and

a. Death
b. Evil
c. Jealousy
d. Anger
6. Orange can be used as a symbol of ............. ?

a. Creativity
b. Peace
c. Health
d. Fear

7. Complementary colors are also known as .............

colors.
a. Opposite
b. Tertiary
c. Analogous
d. Primary
8. Purple can be used as a symbol of.............?

a. Luxury
b. Peace
c. Anger
d. Danger
9. ............... color involves the mixing of colored

lights. Type in the missing word.
a. Transparent
b. Subtractive
c. Polychrome
d. Additive
10. .................... color involves the mixing of colored

pigments and dyes. Type in the missing word.
a. Subtractive
b. Additive
c. Polychrome
d. Transparent
11. You get a ............. color by mixing two primary

colors.
a. Primary
b. Analogous
c. Tertiary
d. Secondary
12. What kind of colors are highlighted here?

a. Analogous Colors
b. Opposite Colors
c. Tertiary Colors
d. Secondary Colors

13. You get a ............. color by mixing a primary and

a secondary color.
a. Opposite
b. Analogous
c. Tertiary
d. Complementary
14. Brown can be used as a symbol of ............. ?

a. Humility
b. Pride
c. Energy
d. Luxury
15. Colors that you cannot see through are called

............. colors
a. Opaque
b. Gloss
c. Transparent
d. Matte
16. Colors that you can see through are called

............. colors
a. Monochrome
b. Polychrome
c. Transparent
d. Opaque
17. White can be used as a symbol of ............. and

a. Love
b. Fear
c. Peace
d. Purity
18. Which of these mixtures would create a

secondary color?
a. Orange and Green
b. Red and Yellow
c. Green and Yellow
d. Purple and Blue

19. Red can be used as a symbol of ............. and

a. Calm
b. Nature
c. Passion
d. Danger
20. Grey can be used as a symbol of ............. and

a. Old Age
b. Boredom
c. Fear
d. Death

CHAPTER 1: Assumptions and Nature of Art
Objectives:
a.) Understand the role of humanities and arts in man‟s attempt at
fully realizing his end;
b.) Clarify misconceptions the art;
c.) Characterize the assumptions of arts; and;
d.) Engage better with personal experiences of an in art.
What is Art?
 Art is something that is perennially around us.

 Some people may deny having to do with arts but it is indisputable that life
presents us with many forms of and opportunities for communion with the arts.
The word ART comes from the ancient Latin, ars which means a “craft or specialized
form of skill, like carpentry or smithying or surgery” (Collingwood, 1938).
Ars in Medieval Latin came to mean something different. It meant “any special form of
book- learning, such as grammar or logic, magic or astrology” (Collingwood, 1983).
The fine arts would come to mean “not delicate or highlyskilled arts, but “beautiful arts”
(Collingwood, 1983
“The humanities constitute one of the oldest and most important means of
expression developed by man” (Dudley et al., 1960). Human history has witnessed how
man evolved not just physically but also culturally, from cave painters to men of
exquisite paintbrush users of the present.
Many other definitions emphasize that

1. Art is subjective and art is more subjective than objective. ( Art for art itself)
2. Art is form and content. ( there is always a concept).
3. There is a connection between beauty and art and beauty is the measure of quality of
art.
Purposes and Functions of Art
Living with Art

the role of art in human life is to transform man's widest metaphysical
ideas, by selective reproduction of reality, into a physical form—a
work of art—that he can comprehend and to which he can respond
emotionally.

Form & Meaning

Order & Structure
Exploring Aesthetic Possibilities
Functions of an artist
• Create places for human purpose
• Create extraordinary version of ordinary objects
• Record & commemorate
• Tangible form to the unknown
• Form to feeling and ideas
• See the world in new ways
Why Study Art?

Expression
Social Values
Human Intelligence
You might even say "Art is subjective, and means something different to every
single person on earth.
Assumptions of Art
ART IS UNIVERSAL
 Literature has provided key words of art.
 lliad and the Odyssey are the two Greek Epics that one‟s being taught in school.
 The Sanskrit pieces Mahabharata and Ramanaya are also staples in this fields.
In every country and in every generation, there is always art. Often times, people
feel that what is considered artistic are only those which have been made long time ago.
This is a misconception. Age is not a factor in determining art. “An art is not good
because it is old, but old because it is good” (Dudley et al., 1960)
In the Philippines, the works of Jose Rizal and Francisco

Balagtas are not being read because they are old.
Florante at Laura never fails to teach high school students the

beauty of love, one that is universal and pure.
Ibong Adarna, another Filipino masterpiece, has always captured

the imagination of the young with its timeless lessons.
When we recite the Psalms, we feel in communion with King

David as we feel one with him in his conversation with God.

When we listen to a Kundiman or perform folk dances, we still enjoy the way our Filipino
ancestors while away their time in the past.
ART IS NOT NATURE
In the Philippines, it is not entirely novel to hear some consumers of local movies
remark that these movies produced locally are unrealistic. They contend that local
movies work around certain formula to the detriment of substance and faithfulness to
reality of movies.
Paul Cezanne, a french painted a scene from reality entitled Well and Grinding
Wheel in the Forest of the Chateau Noir .
ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE
Getting this far without a satisfactory

definition of art can be quite weird for some. For
most people, art does not require a full definition.
Art is just experience. By experience, we mean the
“actual doing of something”(Dudley et al., 1960)
and it also affirmed that art depends on
experience, and if one is to know art, he must know
it not as fact or information but as an experience.
A work of an art then cannot be abstracted from actual doing. In order to know
what an artworks, we have to sense it, see and hear it.
An important aspect of experiencing art is its being highly personal, individual,

and subjective. In philosophical terms, perception of art is always a value judgment. It
depends on who perceives, his tastes, his biases, and what he has inside.
For further reading please refer to the link provided: Art Appreciation, Meaning and Nature
https://prezi.com/kjne76wspfy4/art-appreciation-meaning-and-nature-of-humanities/

Visual Art: Definition & Meaning

"Visual Arts" is a modern but imprecise umbrella term for a broad category of art
which includes a number of artistic disciplines from various sub-categories. Its wide
ambit renders meaningless any attempt at definition, so rather than define or compose
some diluted meaning for it, here is a list of its constituent disciplines.
Definitions of visual art usually encompass the following:
1. Fine Arts
Fine art belongs to the general category of visual arts. These include activities such as:
Drawing- In fine art, the term "drawing" may be defined as the

linear realization of visual objects, concepts, emotions, and
fantasies, including symbols and even abstract forms. Drawing
is a graphic art which is characterized by an emphasis on form
or shape, rather than mass and colour as in painting.
(contemporary pen and ink drawing)
Painting- painting consists of the arrangement of shapes, lines,

colours, tones and textures on a two-dimensional surface, thus
creating an aesthetic image. More than that one cannot say, the
sheer variety of possibilities precludes any more precise
definition.
(Detail from Christ Carrying The Cross
(1490), by Hieronymous Bosch.)
Printmaking- printmaking is concerned with the production of

images by varying methods of replication onto paper,
parchment, fabric or other supports. The resulting fine prints
(impressions), while not 'original' in the sense of a fine art
painting or drawing, are considered nevertheless to be works of
art in their own right, even though they exist in multiples.
(Tristesse du Roi, Lithograph, by
Henri Matisse.)
Sculpture- The most enduring and, arguably, the greatest form

of fine art known to man, sculpture has played a major role in
the evolution of Western culture. Its history and stylistic
development are those of Western art itself. It is a key indicator
of the cultural achievements of Classical Antiquity, and became
an important influence on the development of Renaissance art in
Italy.
Art Deco Bronze Sculpture
by G Ninin 1990‟s

Graphic Art- The term 'graphic art' (a derivation from the

German Graphik, originating from graphikos, the Greek for
drawing) commonly denotes those forms of visual expression
that depend for their effect on line and tone (disegno), not colour
(colorito). The main classical type of graphic art is drawing,
which includes cartoons, caricature, comic strips and animation,
as well as line drawings and sketching with pencil or charcoal,
and pen and ink
Computerized Graphic Art
Manuscript Illuminations- An illuminated manuscript is

a manuscript in which the text is supplemented with such
decoration as initials, borders (marginalia) and miniature
illustrations. In the strictest definition, the term refers only to
manuscripts decorated with either gold or silver; but in both
common usage and modern scholarship, the term refers to any
decorated or illustrated manuscript from Western traditions.
Book Illustrations- An illustration is a drawing, painting or

printed work of art which explains, clarifies, illuminates, visually
represents, or merely decorates a written text, which may be of a
literary or commercial nature. Historically, book illustration and
magazine/newspaper illustrations have been the predominant
forms of this type of visual art, although illustrators have also
used their graphic skills in the fields of poster art,
advertisements, comic books, animation art, greeting cards,
cartoon-strips.
The Princess and the Pea (1912)
Illustration by Edmund Dulac of the
Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale.
Calligraphy- It is the design and execution of lettering with a

broad-tipped instrument, brush, or other writing instrument. A
contemporary calligraphic practice can be defined as "the art of
giving form to signs in an expressive, harmonious, and skillful
manner. Modern calligraphy ranges from functional inscriptions
and designs to fine-art pieces where the letters may or may not
be readable.
Architecture- is both the process and the product

of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or
any other structures. Architectural works, in the material
form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural
symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are
often identified with their surviving architectural
achievements.
2. Contemporary Arts
Some define contemporary art as art produced within "our lifetime," recognizing
that lifetimes and life spans vary. However, there is a recognition that this generic
definition is subject to specialized limitations.
Assemblage- Popularized in the United States during the 1950s

and 1960s by artists like Robert Rauschenberg (b.1925) and Jim
Dine (b.1935), Assemblage is a form of three-dimensional visual
art whose compositions are formed from everyday items, usually
called "found objects" (objets trouvés)
Very Hungry God (2006)
By postmodernist artist Sudobh Gupta.
Assemblage made from stainless steel
kitchen utensils, pots and pans.
Collage- In modern art, the word 'collage' describes a

composition made up of a variety of assorted materials - typically,
printed matter like newspaper clippings, photographs, pieces of
graphic or digital art, oddments of textile or fabric, and perhaps
solid objects - all glued to a sheet of paper or board or canvas.
Contemporary Collage (2010)

Made with cigarette butts.
By Dan Mountford.
Conceptual Art- A modern form of contemporary art which gives

priority to an idea presented by visual means that are themselves
secondary to the idea. Conceptual art, while having no intrinsic
financial value, can deliver a powerful message, and thus has
served as a vehicle for socio-political comment, as well as a
broad challenge to the tradition of a 'work of art' being a crafted
unique object.
My Bed (1999) Saatchi Collection By Tracey Emin. An example of
Conceptual as well as feminist art, from a leading Young British artist.
Installation- Installation art is a relatively new genre

of contemporary art - practiced by an increasing number
of postmodernist artists - which involves the configuration or
"installation" of objects in a space, such as a room or warehouse.
The resulting arrangement of material and space comprises the
"artwork".
Obliteration Room (2012) Installation by Yayoi Kusama
Queensland Gallery of Modern Art.Starting with a room painted from top
to bottom in pure white Japanese artistYayoi Kusama then unleashed into it
thousands of kids armed with thousands of coloured stickers.
Happenings- A Happening is a form of avant-garde art - a type of

creative expression, closely associated with performance art,
which itself has its roots in twentieth century theories
of conceptual art, derived largely from demonstrations organized
by exponents of Dada, such as Tristan Tzara
Performance Art- Performance art is typically intensely

theatrical, often taking acting and movement to extremes of
expression and endurance not permitted in the theatre.
Words are rarely prominent, while music and noises of
various kinds often are.
Photography- Known also as "photographic art",

"artistic photography" and so on, the term "fine art
photography" has no universally agreed meaning or
definition: rather, it refers to an imprecise category of
photographs, created in accordance with the creative vision
of the cameraman. The basic idea behind the genre, is that
instead of merely capturing a realistic rendition of the
subject, the photographer is aiming to produce a more personal - typically more
evocative or atmospheric - impression.
Video Art- The genre known as video art, is a new

type of contemporary art, and a medium of
expression commonly seen in Installations, but
also as a stand-alone art form. Initiated by such
experimental artists as Andy Warhol, Wolf Vostell,
and Nam June Paik, recent advances in digital
computer and video technology, enabling artists to edit and manipulate film sequences,
have opened up a range of creative opportunities and drawn numerous artists into the
genre.
Animation Art- Animation (from the Latin word,

animare, to breathe life into) is the visual art of
making a motion picture from a series of
still drawings. Although twenty first century
animation is dominated by computerized film and
video technology, the creative figure drawing skills
and draftsmanship of cartoonists and graphic
artists remain an integral part of the process.
Land Art- A form of contemporary art, known also

as Earthworks, or Earth Art, this artistic movement
emerged in America during the 1960s when a
number of sculptors and painters - such as Robert
Smithson (1938-73) - determined to heighten
public awareness of Man's relationship with the
natural world by intervening in the landscape in a
series of thought-provoking constructions.

Graffiti- One of the most radical contemporary art

movements, "graffiti art" (also called "Street Art", "Spraycan
Art", "Subway Art" or "Aerosol Art") commonly refers to
decorative imagery applied by paint or other means to
buildings, public transport or other property.
3. Decorative Arts & Crafts

The decorative arts are arts or crafts whose object is the design and manufacture of
objects that are both beautiful and functional. It includes interior design, but not
usually architecture.
Decorative Art- The term "decorative arts" is a traditional

term for a rather unwieldy range of artistic disciplines
concerned with the design and ornamentation of items,
usually functional, that do not necessarily have any intrinsic
aesthetic qualities.
Nails sculpted with Fruit Sculptures.
A beautiful example of nail art.
Ceramics- Known as an important plastic art, "Ceramics"

(derived from Keramos, Greek for 'potter's clay') refers to
items made from clay bodies and fired in a kiln to obtain the
finished form. Outside of art, due to new technological
processes, the term ceramics now encompasses a wider
group of materials, including glass and cements, so clay is no
longer a key component.
Mosaic Art- Mosaic is the decorative art of creating pictures

and patterns on a surface by setting small coloured pieces of
glass, marble or other materials in a bed of cement, plaster or
adhesive. Employed as a form of interior or exterior
decoration, and originally developed in ancient Greece,
mosaics were developed extensively by Roman craftsmen,
mostly in the form of pavements.
Tapestry Art- Tapestry is an ancient form of textile art which

has been practised all over the world for thousands of years.
Ancient Egyptians and the Incas used woven tapestries as
shrouds in which to bury their dead. The Greeks and Romans
used them as wall-coverings for civic buildings and temples
like the Parthenon.

4. Applied Art
The applied arts are all the arts that apply design and decoration to everyday and
essentially practical objects in order to make them aesthetically pleasing.
Fashion design- is the art of applying design, and

natural beauty to clothing and its accessories. It is
influenced by cultural and social attitudes, and has
varied over time and place. Fashion designers work in a
number of ways in designing clothing and accessories
such as bracelets and necklaces. Because of the time
required to bring a garment onto the market, designers
must at times anticipate changes to consumer tastes.
Interior design is the art and science of enhancing the

interior of a building to achieve a healthier and more
aesthetically pleasing environment for the people using
the space. An interior designer is someone who plans,
researches, coordinates, and manages such
enhancement projects. Interior design is a multifaceted
profession that includes conceptual development,
space planning, site inspections, programming,
research, communicating with the stakeholders of a project, construction management,
and execution of the design.
Body Art- The term "Body art" describes a type

of contemporary art, in which the artist's own body
becomes the "canvas" or "artwork". Although closely
related to conceptual art and performance art. The
term "Body art" describes a type of contemporary art,
in which the artist's own body becomes the "canvas" or
"artwork". Although closely related to conceptual
art and performance art.
For further reading please refer to the link provided: Understanding Visual Art
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01AaFm88Smk

Line
A line is an identifiable path created by a point moving in space. However, when
it comes to using the design element of line, there is nearly endless potential. They
often lead a viewer's eye around composition and can communicate messages through
their distinct qualities.
Shape
Shapes play an important role in the creation of art. Different characteristics of
shapes evoke different moods and meanings. They are also an important element of
design in space since they create movement within a piece and lead the eye from one
design element to the next.
Form
Form is sometimes used to describe a shape that has an implied third dimension.
In other words, an artist may try to make parts of a flat image appear three-dimensional.
Notice in the drawing below how the artist makes the different shapes appear three-
dimensional through the use of shading. It‟s a flat image but appears three-dimensional.
Space
Many artists are as concerned with space in their works as they are with, say,
color or form. There are many ways for the artist to present ideas of space. Remember
that many cultures traditionally use pictorial space as a window to view realistic subject
matter through, and through the subject matter they present ideas, narratives and
symbolic content.
Texture
At the most basic level, Three-dimensional works of art (sculpture, pottery,
textiles, metalwork, etc.) and architecture have actual texture which is often

determined by the material that was used to create it: wood, stone, bronze, clay, etc.
Two-dimensional works of art like paintings, drawings, and prints may try to
show implied texture through the use of lines, colors, or other ways. When a painting
has a lot of actual texture from the application of thick paint, we call that impasto.
Value
Value (or tone) is the relative lightness or darkness of a shape in relation to
another. The value scale, bounded on one end by pure white and on the other by black,
and in between a series of progressively darker shades of grey, gives an artist the tools
to make these transformations. The value scale below shows the standard variations in
tones. Values near the lighter end of the spectrum are termed high-keyed, those on the
darker end are low-keyed.
Color
Color is the most complex artistic element because of the combinations and
variations inherent in its use. Humans respond to color combinations differently, and
artists study and use color in part to give desired direction to their work. Color is
fundamental to many forms of art. Its relevance, use and function in a given work
depend on the medium of that work. While some concepts dealing with color are
broadly applicable across media, others are not.
For further reading of the Elements of Art please refer to the link below:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-sac-artappreciation/chapter/oer-1-9/
For further reading please refer to the link provided: 7 Elements of Art
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZPIbqDFLI8

MULTIPLE CHOICES: Read each statement carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer:
1.) What are the primary colors?

a.) yellow, blue, purple c.) yellow, purple, green
b.) yellow, red, blue d.) yellow, purple, green
2.) What are the secondary colors?
a.) orange, blue, red c.) green, purple, red
b.) green, purple, red d.) green, purple, orange
3.) What are the cool colors?
a.) blue, green, yellow c.) blue, green, red
b.) red, orange, yellow d.) blue, green, violet
4.) What are the warm colors?
a.) orange, red, yellow c.) red, orange, blue
b.) blue, green, yellow d.) blue, green, violet
5.) Which of these is NOT a line?
a.) ____________ c.) - - - - - - - - - - -
b.) <<<<<<<<<<<< d.) \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\
6.) What is the definition of shape?
a.) a three- dimensional object c.) a path of a moving point
b.) a two dimensional outline of an object d.) a rectangle
7.) Lines can be described as “ Organic”.
a.) True b.) False
8.) What is the darkness or lightness of a color called?
a.) value c.) color
b.) contrast d.) balance
9.) What type of scale shows the range of values from black to white and light to dark?
a.) monetary scale c.) proportion scale
b.) pentatonic scale d.) value scale
10.) If we focus on the white area, is it positive space, or negative space?
a.) Positive Space b.) Negative Space
11.) Which type of space is the sculpture itself?
a.) negative Space b.) Positive Space
12.) What is this called?
a.) color circle c.) wheel of death
b.) color wheel d.) color theory
13.) What happens when I shade a color?
a.) it gets lighter c.) it gets darker
b.) it gets brighter d.) it gets duller
14.) The surface quality of an artwork is called its ___________________.
a.) smoothness c.) texture
b.) edges d.) roughness
15.) An implied sense of texture that artist creates using other elements such as line, value, and color is
called?
a.) fake texture c.) illusion
b.) visual texture d.) optical blending
16.) Forms that are free flowing are called ______________.
a.) organic c.) geometric
b.) geometric d.) rough

17.) Forms that are manmade through careful calculation are called _______________.
a.) color circle c.) wheel of death
b.) color wheel d.) color theory
18.) This texture would be described as _________________.
a.) smooth c.) soft
b.) spongy d.) pebbled
19.) An example of a word describing texture would be ________________.
a.) cold c.) red
b.) bumpy d.) striped
20.) Which option below best describes your feelings about art?
a.) I love art! Let‟s make it art all day!
b.) I don‟t know much about art, but I want to know learn more
c.) I really like art. I don‟t feel good at it, but I like making art.
d.) I‟m just here because I need this class to graduate.
Design your own EMOJI:

https://www.education.com/download/worksheet/172913/design-your-own-emoji.pdf
Color a real masterpiece with this art history coloring page!: Starry Night by Van Gogh
https://www.education.com/download/worksheet/89923/starry-night-by-van-gogh.pdf

CHAPTER 2: FUNCTIONS OF ART
Objectives:
a.) Explain the basic philosophical foundations of art.
b.) Realize the functions of some art forms in daily life.
c.) Apply theories and concepts on beauty and aesthetics in real life
scenario
d.) Differentiate representational art and non-representational art;
e.) Discuss the difference between an artwork‟s subject and its content;
Within art, there exist purposes referred to as functions for which a piece of art
may be designed, but no art can be "assigned" a function either in scholarly studies or
casual conversation outside of the proper context. Art forms exist within very specific
contexts that must be considered when classifying them. Whether a particular piece of
art has existed for centuries or has yet to be created, it is functional in some way all art
exists for a reason and these reasons make up the functions of art.
Physical
The physical functions of art are often the easiest to
understand. Works of art that are created to perform some
service have physical functions. If you see a Fijian war
club, you may assume that, however wonderful the
craftsmanship may be, it was created to perform the
physical function of smashing skulls.
A Japanese raku bowl is a piece of art that
performs a physical function in a tea ceremony.
Conversely, a fur-covered teacup from the Dada
movement has no physical function. Architecture, crafts such as welding and
woodworking, interior design, and industrial design are all types of art that serve
physical functions.
Social
Art has a social function when it
addresses aspects of (collective) life as
opposed to one person's point of view or
experience. Viewers can often relate in
some way to social art and are sometimes
even influenced by it.
Art that depicts social conditions
performs social functions and often this art comes in the form of photography. The
Realists figured this out early in the 19th century.

Personal
The personal functions of art are often the most difficult
to explain. There are many types of personal functions and
these are highly subjective. Personal functions of art are not
likely to be the same from person to person.
An artist may create a piece out of a need for self-
expression or gratification. They might also or instead want to
communicate a thought or point to the viewer. Sometimes an
artist is only trying to provide an aesthetic experience, both for
self and viewers. A piece might be meant to entertain, provoke
thought, or even have no particular effect at all.
PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE ON ART

Aristotle claimed that every particular substance in the world has an end, or
telos in Greek, which translates into “purpose.” Every substance, defined as formed
matter, moves according to a fixed path towards its aim.
Art is an Imitation
• In Plato‟s The Republic, paints a picture of artists as imitators and art as mere
imitation.
• In his description of the ideal republic, Plato advises against the inclusion of art
as a subject in the curriculum and the banning of artists in the Republic.
• Plato was convinced that artists merely reinforce the belief in copies and
discourage men to reach for the real entities in the World of Forms.
• Plato was deeply suspicious of arts and artists for two reasons:
• They appeal to the emotion rather to the rational faculty of men
• They imitate rather than lead one to reality
• Poetry rouses emotions and feelings and thus, clouds rationality of people.
• Art is just an imitation of imitation. A painting is just an imitation of nature, which
is also just an imitation of reality in the World of Forms.
• Art then is to be banished, alongside the practitioners, so that the attitudes and
actions of the members of the Republic will not be corrupted by the influence of
the arts.
• For Plato, art is dangerous because it provides a petty replacement for the real
entities than can only be attained through reason.

Art as a Representation
• Aristotle agreed with Plato that art is a form of imitation.

• However, Aristotle considered art as an aid to philosophy in revealing the truth.
• The kind of imitation that art does is not antithetical to the reaching of
fundamental truths in the world.
• Unlike Plato who thought that art is an imitation of another imitation, Aristotle
conceived of art as representing possible versions of reality.
• For Aristotle, all kinds of art do not aim to represent reality as it is, it endeavors to
provide a version of what might be or the myriad possibilities of reality.
• In Aristotelian worldview, art serves two particular purposes:
• Art allows for the experience of pleasure (horrible experience can be
made an object of humor)
• Art also has an ability to be instructive and teach its audience things
about life (cognitive)
Art as a Disinterested Judgment
• Immanuel Kant, in his Critique of Judgment, considered the judgment of beauty,

the cornerstone of art, as something that can be universal despite its subjectivity.
• Kant recognized that judgment of beauty is subjective.
• However, even subjective judgments are based on some universal criterion for
the said judgment.
• The first is clearly a judgment of taste (subjective), while the second is an
aesthetic judgment (objective).
• Making an aesthetic judgment requires us to be disinterested. In other words, we
should try to go beyond our individual tastes and preferences so that we can
appreciate art from a universal standpoint.
Art as a Communication of Emotion

• According to Leo Tolstoy, art plays a huge role in communication to its
audience‟s emotions that the artist previously experienced.
• In the same that language communicates information to other people, art
communicates emotions.
• As a purveyor of man‟s innermost feelings and thoughts, art is given a unique
opportunity to serve as a mechanism for social unity.
• Art is central to man‟s existence because it makes accessible feelings and
emotions of people from the past and present.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS AS PRECISELY YET AS

THOROUGHLY AS POSSIBLE.
1.) What art form/artwork has changed something in your life? Why
Account for the experience.
2.) Does art always have a function? Why? Support your response.
Provide your own example.
3.) If an artwork ceased to have a function, will it remain an art? Why?
Look around your house and identify a product of art. In a

short bond paper, paste a picture of that product of art in
your household. Trace the beginning of this item and
identify what functions it has in history (e.g., a painting of
the Last Supper in your dining room or a spoon).

SUBJECT and CONTENT of ART
Two types of subject:
1. Representational Art
 These types of art have subjects that refer to objects or events occurring in the
real world. It is also known as “figurative art”.
 A painting or sculpture that is clearly recognizable for what it claims to be.
Examples:
a. Mona Lisa (1503) by Leonardo da Vinci

b. Boy Leading a Horse (1905) by Pablo Picasso
c. Palay Maiden (1920) by Fernando Amorsolo
a. b. c.
2. Non-representational Art
 Art forms that do not make reference to the real world, whether it is a person,
place, thing, or even a particular event.
 It is stripped down only to visual elements to translate a particular emotion and
concept.
 Best example of a non-representational art is an abstract art.
Note: Abstract art can be a representational art since even with the abstraction of an
artwork, it can still form a real image through visual elements.

SUBJECT OF ART
 The visual focus or the image that may be extracted from examining the artwork; the
“what”
Six (6) main kinds of subject:
1. Still Life – a collection of inanimate objects arranged together in a specific way.

2. Landscape – natural scenery such as mountains, cliffs, rivers, etc.
3. Nature – a focused view or interpretation of specific natural elements.
4. Portraiture – an image of a particular person or animal, or group thereof.
5. Abstract – a non-representational work of art.
6. Day of the Dead – a Mexican holiday with a vibrant artistic tradition.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
CONTENT OF ART
The meaning that is expressed and communicated by the artist or the artwork; the “why”
Three (3) various levels of meaning:
 Factual meaning – Is the most rudimentary level of meaning. Extracted from

the identifiable or recognizable forms in the artwork.
 Conventional meaning – Pertains to the acknowledged interpretation of the
artwork using motifs, signs, and symbols. Established through time,
strengthened by recurrent use and wide acceptance by its audience who
study them.

 Subjective meaning – A particular work of art that is consulted and read.

Meanings that came from the viewers or audience‟s circumstances and
experiences. Meanings may not be singular, rather, there are multiple and
varied
For further discussion please refer to the link provided: How to analyze the subject
matter of a work of art: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jIvzDTsaEPg
Logo Quiz: Find the entire picture of the logo and send your answer thru a
PowerPoint presentation with the name of the company who owns the logo.
https://e.edim.co/178530824/lEzPHE6LWSYCD7lx.pdf?response-content-
disposition=filename%3D%22LOGO_QUIZ_2.pdf%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-
8%27%27LOGO_QUIZ_2.pdf&Expires=1587042009&Signature=lVHLGQd7iyUJKPCd6DSWn-
kwYM7amOcF26140dT5PyCxs~axd1miWCFo7tlSyATfhI4aCb9F1cNoY8TI3jtU42uU2wzZBqLzqW
QZpy6gIAQn9DpwPUgJP6~Nn-
nE5vAcOmuJdgHfyDFMgleMacRCwlmptvATHlg~dpmdV2Suzh4ddf82jScLVQbrMbxGSGKMnshaB
TUoxpBkr7LiuM3yxz9srCp46LS1pSgmfKlkaBNk0z6p8bM90gLM9fzlZvtYrSj5UkmCxH82v-k6H2r-
4toHTZfRtw0PR5TlpJpbwpTej2UvGxQuLYAjMgjeTcVcpgcN2kc7nYQRuVvzyKS1Ag__&Key-Pair-
Id=APKAJMSU6JYPN6FG5PBQ

TEST I: MULTIPLE CHOICES: Read each statement carefully and choose the
letter of the correct answer.
1.) The function art that addresses the aspect of life as opposed to one person‟s
point of view or experience.
a.) Physical Function b.) Social Function c.) Personal Function
2.) This function of art is often the easiest to understand.

3.) This function is the most difficult to explain because this is highly subjective.
4.) An artist may create a piece out of a need for self- expression or gratification.
5.) Viewers can often relate in some way to and are sometimes influence by this.
6.) Architecture and industrial design are all types of art that serve this function.
7.) The subject of this kind of art are natural scenery such as mountains, cliffs,
and rivers.
a.) Still Life b.) Landscape c.) Nature
8.) A collection of inanimate objects arranged together in a specific way.

9.) A focused view of interpretation of specific natural elements.

10.) A vibrant artistic tradition like a Mexican Holiday

a.) Portraiture b.) Abstract c.) Day of the Dead
11.) An image of a particular person or animal, or group thereof.

12.) A non-representational work of art.


13.) These meaning came from the viewer‟s or audience‟s circumstances and
experiences.
a.) Factual Meaning b.) Conventional meaning c.) Subjective Meaning
14.) It pertains to the acknowledged interpretation of the artwork using motifs,

signs, and symbols.
15.) Its meaning is extracted from the identifiable or recognizable forms in the
artwork.
TEST II: SIMPLE RECALL: Read the statement and identify the perspective
it describes. Choose the letter of the correct answer form the given
choices.
a.) Art is an Imitation

b.) Art as a Representation
c.) Art as a Disinterested Judgment
d.) Art as a Communication of Emotion
1.) It communicates to other people the same as how language does.

2.) We should try to go beyond our individual tastes and preferences so that we
can appreciate art form a universal standpoint.
3.) The kind of imitation that art does is not antithetical to the reaching of
fundamental truths in the world.
4.) A painting is a direct representation of reality.
5.) Art also has an ability to be instructive and teach its audience things about
life

LET‟S TRY: Evaluate the Paintings and try to guess what its title is. Choose the letter of
the correct answer.
a. The Astronomer
b. Self Portrait with Bandaged Ear and Pipe
c. The Last Supper
d. Landscape with Cows and Cam
Answer: ___________________________
a. Self-Portrait with Monkeys

b. The Street, the Yellow House
c. Girl with a Pearl Earring
d. Floral Still Life
Answer: ___________________________
a. False Mirror
b. Lady with an Ermine
c. Monet's Water Lilies
d. First Steps
Answer: ___________________________
a. Skull with Burning Cigarette

b. The Scream
c. Peasant Family
d. Gilles
Answer: ___________________________

a. Skull with Burning Cigarette

b. The Birth of Venus
c. El Desperado
d. The Potato Eaters
Answer: ___________________________
a. Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2

b. Whistler's Mother
c. I and the Village
d. Self Portrait with Bandaged Ear and Pipe
Answer: ___________________________
a. Landscape with Cows and Camel

b. Birth of Venus
c. Bildnis Fritza Riedler, 1906
d. Christ Among the Doctors
Answer: ___________________________

b. The Ninth Wave
c. First Steps
d. Paris street, Rainy Day
Answer: ___________________________

a. Peasant Family
b. I and the Village Peasant Family
c. The Musicians
d. The Death of Marat
Answer: ___________________________
a. I and the Village

b. Gilles
c. Self-Portrait with Monkeys
d. The Bathers
Answer: ___________________________
a. Nude Sitting on a Divan

b. Floral Still Life
c. Cubist Self-portrait
d. The Birth of Venus
Answer: ___________________________
a. Floral Still Life

b. The Cyclops
c. Landscape with Cows and Camel
d. The Musicians
Answer: ___________________________
a. Cubist Self-portrait
b. Bildnis Fritza Riedler, 1906 Vienna
c. False Mirror
d. The Baptism of Christ
Answer: ___________________________

a. Christ Among the Doctors

b. First Steps
c. The Sleeping Gypsy
d. Gilles
Answer: ___________________________
a. Cubist Self-Portrait
b. Lady with an Ermine
c. I and the Village
d. Self-Portrait with a Sunflower
Answer: ___________________________
a. False Mirror
b. Five Bathing Women at a Lake
c. Peasant Family
d. The Garden of Earthly Deligh
Answer: ___________________________
a. Paris Street, Rainy Day

b. The Street, the Yellow House
c. The Raft of the Medusa
d. The Liver Is the Cock's Comb
Answer: ___________________________

b. Bathers at Asnieres
c. First Steps
d. Paris Street, Rainy Day
Answer: ___________________________

a. Agnew Clinic
b. I and the Village
c. Five Bathing Women at a Lake
d. Skull with Burning Cigarette
Answer: ___________________________
a. A Sunday Afternooon on the Island of La

Grande Jatte
b. Landscape with Cows and Camel
c. The Musicians
d. Cubist Self-portrait
Answer: ___________________________
a. False Mirror
b. Near the Bed of Death (Fever)
c. The Harlequin's Carnival
d. The Astronomer
Answer: ___________________________

CHAPTER 3: ARTISTS AND ARTISANS
Objectives:
a.) Define artists and an artisans medium and technique.
b.) Understand that the artisans work is an end itself and the artist‟s
work is a means to its end.
c.) Familiarize with the Famous Philippine Artists
The words artist and artisan are often very confusing for most people although
there is a key difference between the two words. An artist is a person who performs any
of the creative arts. This can range from painting to music. An artisan, on the other
hand, is a skilled worker who makes things by hand. The mere definition of the two
words can be rather confusing because both involve the creation of something.
ARTIST
An artist is a person who performs any of the creative arts. This captures all
forms of art. For an example, a person who paints can be referred to as an artist. In the
modern world, the term artist is also used for musicians as well. Here it is important to
highlight that the term artist is not only attributed for those who create art as an
occupation, but also for those who are skilled in a particular activity such as drawing,
designing, composing, etc.
The specialty of an artist is that he is able to create art for the sake of art itself
without needing any ulterior motives. Some artists create their works of art for the
satisfaction of the society in which they live. In this case, they have to confine to the
societal demands and limitations. It is believed that through art the artist can create a
change in society. This is because art appeals to all senses of people .
ARTISAN
An artisan is a skilled worker who makes things by hand. This includes various
objects ranging from jewellery to furniture. An artisan should not be confused with an
artist because there is a clear difference in the things that they create. An artisan is able
to produce something that has a functional value; although it should not be limited to its
use value alone. However, it must be stressed that there are cases where the objects
created by an artisan has only decorative value.
Most artisans have the skill of adding aesthetic value to the objects that they
create. This transcends the object from a mere object of utility. This is why most
handmade objects are much more expensive than mass-produced objects.
Definitions of Artist and Artisan:

Artist: An artist is a person who performs any of the creative arts.
Artisan: An artisan is a skilled worker who makes things by hand.
Characteristics of Artist and Artisan:
Artistic Value:
Artist: The object has a clear artistic value.
Artisan: The object has an artistic value.
Functional Value:
Artist: The object has no functional value.
Artisan: The object has a functional value.
Object:
Artist: The object has a lot of aesthetic value and is appreciated for this quality as it
pleases the individual.
Artisan: The object though utilitarian has certain aesthetic attributes to it.
For the examples of Artists and Artisans please refer to the link below
:https://new.edmodo.com/view-office-online/edit/1139563077/pptx/ARTIST%20AND%20ARTISAN

Find an artist in any field and ask at least 1 artist the following
questions, submit your answer through our group chat.
1.What‟s your background?
2. What does your work aim to say?
3. How does your work comment on current social or political issues?
4. Who are your biggest influences?
5. How have you developed your career?
6. How do you seek out opportunities?
7. Which current art world trends are you following?

The 10 Most Famous Filipino Artists and their Masterworks
Philippine art reflects a wide range of influences, from the country‟s colonial past
to contemporary culture.
Fernando Amorsolo (1892-1972)

Labelled the country‟s first National Artist in 1972 by then President Marcos,
Fernando Amorsolo is often known as the „Grand Old Man of Philippine Art‟. The
Spanish-trained realist developed a backlighting technique, where his colorful depictions
of local people reflect the radiance of the Philippine sun. The figures and illuminated
landscapes magically glow on the canvas. Despite his deteriorating health and failing
eyesight, he remained prolific until the end, producing up to 10 paintings a month until
his death at the age of 80. Amorsolo‟s creativity defines the nation‟s culture and
heritage to this day.
„The Fruit Gatherer‟, 1950 © Fernando Amorsolo
José Joya (1931-1995)

A Filipino pioneer of Abstract expressionism, multi-media painter José Joya uses
bold and vibrant colours with a variety of painting techniques, layering, loose impasto
strokes and controlled drips. His harmonious colours are influenced by Philippine
landscapes and tropical wildlife. His mastery lies in gestural paintings, where the paint is
applied spontaneously on canvas, sometimes directly out of the tube or through the use
of broad strokes with brushes.

Pacita Abad (1946-2004)

Born on the northern island of Batanes, the internationally revered artist first
obtained a degree in Political Science at the University of the Philippines. Her staunch
activism against the Marcos regime in the 1970s, led her to move to San Francisco to
initially study law – but she found her true calling with art. Her paintings consist of
vibrant colors and a constant change of patterns and materials. Earlier work dealt with
socio-political depictions of people, indigenous masks, tropical flowers, and underwater
scenes.
She is noted to have worked on more than 5,000 pieces of art – her masterwork being Alkaff
Bridge, Singapore, a 55-meter bridge covered in over 2,000 colourful circles. It was completed a
few months before she passed away from lung cancer in 2004.
Ang Kiukok (1935-2005)

Born to Chinese immigrants, Ang Kiukok is the pioneer of Philippine modern
figurative expressionism. Rewarded as the country‟s National Artist in 2001, he was one
of the most successful commercial figures on the local art scene from the 1960s until his
death from cancer in 2005. Like Amorsolo, his paintings are popular at auctions and
have received exceptionally high bids at Sotheby‟s and Christie‟s. He is known for his
distinct cubist and surrealist portrayals of the crucifixion of Christ and mother and child.
„The Fishermen‟, 1981 © Ang Kiukok

Benedicto Cabrera (1942-present)

Fondly known as „BenCab‟ in the Philippines, Cabrera
is the best-selling commercial painter of his generation and a
prominent head of the local contemporary art scene. His
fruitful career has spanned five decades, where his paintings,
etchings, sketches, and prints have been exhibited across
Asia, Europe, and the US. He currently resides in the chilly
northern hill station of Baguio, where he established his own
four-level BenCab Museum on Asin Road that features an
eclectic selection of indigenous artifacts, personal works, and
an overwhelming collection of paintings from contemporary
Filipino artists.
„Sabel in Blue‟, 2006 © Bencab
Kidlat Tahimik (1942-present)

A close friend of BenCab and Baguio native is critically acclaimed director Kidlat
Tahimik. Known as the father of Philippine independent film, the government recently
conferred upon him the Order of National Artist for Film in October 2018. Born Eric de
Guia, Kidlat Tahimik means „silent lightning‟ in Tagalog.
His work is associated with Third Cinema, a film movement that denounces neo-
colonialism and the capitalist system. His films have been prominent at film festivals
across America, Europe, and Asia.
Eduardo Masferré (1909-1995)

Further north of Baguio, in the mountainous province of
Sagada, Eduardo Masferré was born to a Filipino mother and
Spanish soldier. He is regarded as the Father of Philippine
photography. He documented with great detail the everyday
lives of indigenous people of the Cordilleras. The self-taught
photographer processed his own film in a makeshift darkroom
and managed to even produce prints without electricity. His
photographs capture the culture of the people in his community
and serve as a documentation of their customary practices and
rituals.
Sagada‟, 1952 © Masferre
Agnes Arellano (1949-present)
Born to a family of prominent male architects,
sculptress Agnes Arellano is best known for her surrealist and
expressionist work in plaster, bronze and cold-cast marble.
Her sculptures highlight the female body and draw from
themes surrounding sexuality, religion, and mysticism.
Borrowing from the term of poet Gerard Manley Hopkins,
Agnes attributes her work to „inscapes‟, that assert an internal
unity among various elements in her installations and
sculptures.
„Carcass-Cornucopia‟, 1987 © Agnes Arellano

Roberto Chabet (1937-2013)

Born Roberto Rodriguez,
he used his mother‟s maiden
name Chabet when he began his
career in art. He was a mentor to
many students at the University
of the Philippines, where he
taught for over 30 years, and is
acknowledged as the father of
conceptual art in the Philippines.
Chabet initially studied
architecture but his conceptual
art installations, collages, and
sculptures in the 1960s and 70s
made him a rebellious figure on the local art scene. He was the founding museum
director of the Cultural Center of the Philippines from 1967-1970, where he established
the 13 Artists Awards that highlight the achievements of young artists whose works
show a contemporary view of art-making and thinking.
Napoleon Abueva (1930-2018)

Noted as the Father of Modern Filipino
sculpture, Abueva attended the University of the
Philippines with Joya and was mentored by noted
sculptor Guillermo Tolentino, at the College of Fine
Arts. Born in Bohol, he is also the youngest National
Artist awardee appointed by then President Marcos,
at the age of 46. His expertise was seen in a wide
array of materials such as hard wood, abode, steel,
cement, marble, and bronze.
Abueva is adept in traditional representation
and modern abstract forms of sculpture. A trip
around the University of the Philippines will show
you a number of his works, such as the University
Gateway and Nine Muses near the old faculty
centre.
The Cross at Mt. Samat. Bataan
completed in 1970 © Abueva / 1Bataan
Please refer to the link below for a Documentary about: TUKLAS: Sining Saysay -
Philippine History in Art: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZN75VyLipIU

TEST I: ALTERNATE REPONSE: Identify if the given statement describes and ARTIST
or an ARTISAN.
1.) The specialty of this is that he is able to create art for the sake of art itself without
needing any ulterior motives
a.) Artist b.) Artisan
2.) A person who performs any of the creative arts.
a..) Artist b.) Artisan
3.) A skilled worker who makes things by hand.
4.) May create a piece out of a need for self- expression or gratification.
5.) They can produce something that has a functional value.
6.) They are also the people who can paint.
7.) The object has no functional value.
8.) The object has a functional value..
9.) The object has a lot of aesthetic value and is appreciated for this quality as it pleases
the individual.
10.) The object though utilitarian has certain aesthetic attributes to it.
TEST II: MATCHING TYPE: Match the Filipino Artists in Column A to its
description in Column B.
A. B.
1.) Fernando Amorsolo a.) Founding museum director of CCP
2.) Jose Joya b.) Pioneer of Phil. Modern Figurative Expressionism
3.) Pacita Abad c.) Father of Modern Filipino Sculpture
4.) Ang Kiukok d.) Grand Old Man of Philippine Art
5.) Benedicto Cabrera e.) Filipino pioneer of Abstract Expressionism
6.) Kidlat Tahimik f.) Painted a scene from reality
7.) Eduardo Masferre g.) Painted the Alkaff Bridge in Singapore
9.) Roberto Chabet h.) The best-selling commercial painter of his generation
10.) Napoleon Abueva i.) Attributes her work to “inscapes” that assert unity.
j.) Father of Philippine Independent Film.



Art Appreciation Module

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MODULE Arts Appreciation

Introduction to the Course

1. Demonstrate an understanding and appreciation of arts in general, including their

1. Deepen their sensitivity to self, community, and society.

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1. What two colors would you mix to make green?

4. Yellow can be used as a symbol of ............. and

5. Black can be used as a symbol of ............. and

6. Orange can be used as a symbol of ............. ?

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7. Complementary colors are also known as .............

8. Purple can be used as a symbol of.............?

9. ............... color involves the mixing of colored

10. .................... color involves the mixing of colored

11. You get a ............. color by mixing two primary

12. What kind of colors are highlighted here?

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13. You get a ............. color by mixing a primary and

14. Brown can be used as a symbol of ............. ?

15. Colors that you cannot see through are called

16. Colors that you can see through are called

17. White can be used as a symbol of ............. and

18. Which of these mixtures would create a

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19. Red can be used as a symbol of ............. and

20. Grey can be used as a symbol of ............. and

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CHAPTER 1: Assumptions and Nature of Art

 Art is something that is perennially around us.

Many other definitions emphasize that

Purposes and Functions of Art

Living with Art

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Form & Meaning

Why Study Art?

In the Philippines, the works of Jose Rizal and Francisco

Florante at Laura never fails to teach high school students the

Ibong Adarna, another Filipino masterpiece, has always captured

When we recite the Psalms, we feel in communion with King

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ART IS NOT NATURE

ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE

Getting this far without a satisfactory

An important aspect of experiencing art is its being highly personal, individual,

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Visual Art: Definition & Meaning

Definitions of visual art usually encompass the following:

Drawing- In fine art, the term "drawing" may be defined as the

(contemporary pen and ink drawing)

Painting- painting consists of the arrangement of shapes, lines,

Printmaking- printmaking is concerned with the production of

Sculpture- The most enduring and, arguably, the greatest form

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Graphic Art- The term 'graphic art' (a derivation from the

Manuscript Illuminations- An illuminated manuscript is

Book Illustrations- An illustration is a drawing, painting or

Calligraphy- It is the design and execution of lettering with a

Architecture- is both the process and the product

Assemblage- Popularized in the United States during the 1950s

Collage- In modern art, the word 'collage' describes a

Contemporary Collage (2010)

Conceptual Art- A modern form of contemporary art which gives

Installation- Installation art is a relatively new genre