NANDINI

3823711
 QUESTION NO. 01
A)
 1/20 * 100= 5%
B)
 Power of 10 for prefix centi = 10-2
 Power of 10 for prefix milli = 10-3
C)
Original number 2 decimal places 1 decimal place
13.946 13.95 13.9

D)
Original number 3 Significant 2 Significant 1 Significant
figures figures figure
3.855 3.85 3.8 4

E)
 198.547g ÷ 14.68g = 13.525g OR 13.5g
F)
 21m.s-2 x 3s = 63 m.s-1

QUESTION NO. 02
A)
moles of solute
 molarity=
litres of solution
0.0444 0.0773
 =
1L litres of solution
1
 Litres of solution=0.0773 ×
0.0444
 Litres of solution=1.74 L

B)
DATA:
 Weight of empty specific gravity bottle= 33.335g
 Weight of specific gravity bottle when full of water= 82.993g
 The weight of the specific gravity bottle when full of 25% sucrose= 88.239g.
 Volume of specific gravity bottle= 25 ml
 specific gravity of 25% sucrose=?
SOLUTION:
mass 49.658
 Density of water= = =1.98
volume 25
mass 54.904
 D ensity of 25 % sucrose solution= = =2.19
volume 25
Density of sucrose sol 2.19
 Specific gravity of 25 % sucrose sol= = =1.106
Density of water 1.98

QUESTION NO: 03
SOLUTION:
Solution is defined as a homogenous mixture of two or more substances. Solution
is prepared by mixing one or more solute in a solvent or mixtures of solvent.
SOLUTE AND SOLVENT:
Solute is a substance that is dissolved in solvent to prepare solution. It can also be
defined as minor component of solution. Solvent is a substance, in which a solute
is dissolved. Usually liquid is used as solvent, however solids and gases can also
be used as solvent.
PREPARING SOLUTION OF KNOWN CONCENTRATION:
A solution of known concentration can be prepared by two methods:
1. By dissolving a known mass of solute in known volume of solvent.
2. By diluting the appropriate volume of a more concentrated solution, called
stock solution, to the desired final volume by adding solvent.
Following are the steps for preparing solution of known concentration:
1. Take desired volume of solvent in volumetric flask.
2. Accurately weigh known amount of solute by using physical balance.
3. Transfer the solute into volumetric flask and mix well.
4. Solution of known concentration is prepared.

QUESTION NO: 04
DILUTION:
Dilution is a process, by which concentration of a solute in solution is decreased. It
is done to make a concentrated solution less concentrated. Process of dilution is
may be performed for various purposes. For example, a scientist may perform
dilution to create new chemical to use in experiments.
METHOD OF DILUTION:
 Step 01: Determining dilution factor
In the first step, we have to find dilution factor. Dilution factor is the notation
used to express how much original solution will be present in total solution,
after dilution. For example, if we want to prepare 1x TAE buffer from 50x TAE
buffer, we have to dilute initial stock 1 to 50.

 Step 02: Determining amount of solvent

In the second step, we have to find the amount of solvent needed to prepare
dilution of desire concentration. For this, we can simply use formula
C 1 ×V 1 =C2 ×V 2
Where,
C1= initial concentration of solution
V1= initial volume
C2= final concentration of solution
V2= final volume of solution

For example: The initial concentration of solution was 50x, the final
concentration is 1x and the final volume is 1000ml. We can find volume of
original solution.
C 1 ×V 1 =C2 ×V 2
1000
V 1=1 ×
50
V1= 20ml

 Step 03: performing dilution:

To make 1000ml of 1x TAE, start by adding 20ml of 50x TAE into large
beaker. Then add 980ml of distilled water and mix well.
 QUESTION: 05
A)
BLOOD PRESSURE:
Blood pressure can be defined as the pressure applied by circulating blood on the
walls of blood vessels. It is produced primarily due to contraction of heart muscles.
Blood pressure is measured by two numbers:
1. Systolic BP
2. Diastolic BP
SYSTOLIC BP:
Systolic blood pressure reading, or the top number, is the pressure in the arteries
after contraction of heart muscles. A normal systolic blood pressure is between 90
and less than 120.
DIASTOLIC BP:
Diastolic blood pressure reading, or the bottom number, is the pressure in the
arteries before contraction of heart muscles or when heart is at rest. A normal
diastolic blood pressure is between 60 and less than 80.
B)
SYSTOLIC DIASTOLIC PULSE MAP
PRESSURE
92.6 62 30.6 72.2
114.7 79 35.7 90.9
114 78 36 90
123 87 36 99
110.7 67 43.7 81.55
110.6 68.6 42 82.6
111 74 37 86.33
99 62 37 74.33
115 62 53 79.66
99 60 39 73
122.6 78.6 44 93.26
118.3 54.6 63.7 75.83
 118.3 91 27.3 100.1
123 85 38 97.66
105 68 37 80.33
Average 111.7 mm Hg 71.78 mm Hg 40 mm Hg 85.1mm Hg
STDEV 9.34 10.97 8.85 9.59

1) According to this data, both systolic and diastolic BP are in normal range i.e.
90-120 mm Hg and 60-80mm Hg respectively. This indicates that mostly all
subjects have good cardiac health. Only one subject is found to be hypotensive
while three subjects are hypertensive.

2) Average Systolic BP= 111.78 mm Hg

Average diastolic BP= 71.78 mm Hg
Average pulse pressure= 40 mm Hg
Average mean arterial pressure= 85.1 mm Hg

3) Standard deviation of Systolic BP= 9.34

Standard deviation of diastolic BP= 10.97
Standard deviation of Pulse pressure= 8.85
Standard deviation of mean arterial pressure= 9.59

QUESTION NO: 06
A)
DATA:
 Molar absorptivity= a= 8400 M-1 cm-1
 Concentration= c= 50×10-6M
 Path length= b= 1cm
 Absorbance=?
SOLUTION:
A=abc
A=8400 × 1 × 50×10-6
A= 0.42
B)
DATA:
 Area of square= 50um×50um=2500um=2.5mm2
 Depth=100um= 0.1mm
 Volume=?
SOLUTION:
 Volume of square= area×depth
 Volume of square= 2.5×0.1
 Volume of square= 0.25mm3
Since there are 9 squares in a chamber, total volume chamber is 0.25×9= 2.25mm3
Since 1cm3=10mm3
We would need 4.4 Neubauer chamber.