Chapter 1

Introduction to measurement and

instrumentation

Lecture01 SME3252 Instrumentation 1

What is measurement?

Lecture01 SME3252 Instrumentation 2

1
 Chapter 1

Measurement Standards and

Units
Measuring system are composed of different
elements and condition therefore it needs norms
and standards

3 unit systems widely used-International System

(SI), CGS System, English System

Basic units - length, time, mass, temperature

Derived units –area, volume, acceleration, force

Lecture01 SME3252 Instrumentation 3

International System of Units (SI)

The SI is founded on seven SI base units for seven base quantities assumed to
be mutually independent, as given in Table 1.

SI base unit

Base quantity Name Symbol

length
mass
time
electric current
thermodynamic temperature
amount of substance
luminous intensity
Lecture01 SME3252 Instrumentation 4

2
 Chapter 1

Derived Units
- defined in terms of the seven base quantities via a system of quantity
equations. Examples are:

SI base unit

Name Derived units Symbol

area

volume
velocity
acceleration

force
pressure
work
Lecture01 SME3252 Instrumentation 5

What is instrumentation?

Lecture01 SME3252 Instrumentation 6

3
 Chapter 1

Automotive Sensors
Accelerometer Oxygen
Sensor

Airflow
Sensor

Oil
CO Sensor Pressure Water
Temperature
Lecture01 SME3252 Instrumentation 7

Biomedical
Ultrasound
Transducer

lamina reynold number

Lecture01 SME3252 Instrumentation 8

4
 Chapter 1

Lecture01 SME3252 Instrumentation 9

Lecture01 SME3252 Instrumentation 10

5
 Chapter 1

Pressure measurement

Lecture01 SME3252 Instrumentation 11

Spirometer –
lung capacity
Lecture01 SME3252 Instrumentation 12

6
 Chapter 1

Lecture01 SME3252 Instrumentation 13

Vibration measurement

Lecture01 SME3252 Instrumentation 14

7
 Chapter 1

The need for measurement and instrumentation

In industrial application,
application it is important for:
1) monitoring and control of a process
2) improving the quality of the product and
efficiency of production
3) Safety purposes

Lecture01 SME3252 Instrumentation 15

Laser Sensor
Lecture01 SME3252 Instrumentation 16

8
 Chapter 1

Laser
Lecture01sensor
SME3252 Instrumentation 17

Photoelectric sensor

Lecture01 SME3252 Instrumentation 18

9
 Chapter 1

Typical Instrumentation System

Signal A/D
Transducer Display
conditioner Converter

z Transducer - converts the measured value into

another useful value (a sensor)
z Signal conditioner- “conditions” the signal from the
sensor
z A/D Converter - changes the signal into a digital
format
z Computer - processes, displays, and records the
signal
Lecture01 SME3252 Instrumentation 19

Sensor
z Thermocouple

Thermocouple

z Resistance Thermometer

Resistance
Thermometer

Lecture01 SME3252 Instrumentation 20

10
 Chapter 1

Signal conditioner
z Amplifier

Amplifier

z Wheatstone bridge

Wheatstone Amplifier
bridge

Lecture01 SME3252 Instrumentation 21

Display
z Scale

Scale

z Computer

DAS VDU

Lecture01 SME3252 Instrumentation 22

11
 Chapter 1

Assignment
Identify the elements for the pressure measurement
system i.e. : transducer, signal conditioner, display

POINTER

SCALE

Lecture01 SME3252 Instrumentation 23

End of Lecture 01

Lecture01 SME3252 Instrumentation 24

12