Taller Ecuaciones Diferenciales

Factor Integración
(a) y’+3Y=exp(-2t); y(0)=1

y ′ + 3y = e−2t y(0) = 1
3(0) (1)
𝑒 = 𝑒0 + 𝑐
p(t) = e∫ 3dt =e 3t 1= 1+𝑐
𝑐=0
p(t)y = ∫ p(t)Q(t)d(t)

e3t y = ∫ e3t 3−2t dt

𝑒 3𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑡 + 0
e3t y = ∫ et dt 𝑦 = 𝑒 −2𝑡

e3t y = et + c

(b) y’+2ty=exp(t-t2); y(0)=0

2 2
y ′ + 2𝑡𝑦 = et−𝑡 𝑒 0 (0) = 𝑒 0 + 𝑐
𝑐 = −1
2
𝑝(𝑡) = 𝑒 ∫ 2𝑡𝑑𝑡 = 𝑒 𝑡
2 2 2
𝑒 𝑡 𝑦 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑡 𝑒 𝑡−𝑡 𝑑𝑡 2
𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑒𝑡 − 1
2
𝑒 𝑡 𝑦 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
2
𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑒𝑡 + 𝑐

(c) xy’=4x; y(1)=3

𝑥𝑦 ′ = 4𝑥 3 = 4(1) + 𝑐
𝑦′ = 4 3= 4+𝑐
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑒 ∫ = 1
1(𝑦) = ∫(1)4𝑑𝑥
𝑐 = −1
𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 1

Por: Daniel Gomez ID: 000232509

Taller Ecuaciones Diferenciales

(d)y’+ety=exp(t); y(0)=1

𝑦′ + 𝑒𝑡𝑦 + 𝑒𝑡 0 0
𝑒 𝑒 (1) = 𝑒 𝑒 + 𝑐
𝑡 𝑡
𝑝(𝑡) = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑒 𝑒 𝑒=𝑒+𝑐
𝑡 𝑡 𝑐=0
𝑒 𝑒 𝑦 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑒 𝑒 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑒𝑡 𝑡
𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑒𝑒
𝑢 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑦=1

𝑡
𝑒 𝑒 𝑦 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝑡
𝑒𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑒𝑢 + 𝑐
𝑡 𝑡
𝑒𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑒𝑒 + 𝑐

Resuelva por substitución o cambio de variable y diga cual substitución utilizar:

15. 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑦2
𝑥 +𝑦 = 2 ∙ 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑥
3 𝑢 = 𝑦3
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 1
𝑦2 + = 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 = 3𝑦 2
1 𝑑𝑢 𝑢 1 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
+ =
3 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑦2
Multiplicando por 3 tenemos: 3 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢 3𝑢 3
+ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
3 3
∫𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑝(𝑥 ) = 𝑒 = 𝑒 3𝑙𝑛𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑙𝑛𝑥 = 𝑥 3

3
𝑥 3 𝑢 = ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝑥 3 𝑦 3 = 3 ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 3𝑦 3 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑐

Por: Daniel Gomez ID: 000232509

Taller Ecuaciones Diferenciales

16. 𝑑𝑦 −2
− 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥𝑦2 ∙ 𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝑦 −2 − 𝑦 −1 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑢 = 𝑦 −1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
− − 𝑢 = 𝑒𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 = −𝑦 −2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Multiplicando por -1 tenemos:

𝑑𝑢
+ 𝑢 = −𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑒 ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥

𝑒 𝑥 𝑢 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (−𝑒 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
𝑒 2𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 −1 = − +𝑐
2

17. 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑦(𝑥𝑦 3 − 1) = 𝑥𝑦 4 − 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 4
𝑑𝑥
−4
𝑑𝑦 −3
𝑦 −4 ∙ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
1 𝑑𝑢 𝑢 = 𝑦 −3
− +𝑢 =𝑥
3 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
= −3𝑦 −4
Multiplicando por -3 tenemos: 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢 1 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
− 3𝑢 = −3𝑥 − = 𝑦 −4
𝑑𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑒 ∫ −3𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 −3𝑥

𝑒 −3𝑥 𝑢 = ∫ 𝑒 −3𝑥 (−3𝑥)𝑑𝑥

𝑧 = −3𝑥

𝑑𝑧 = −3𝑑𝑥

Por: Daniel Gomez ID: 000232509

Taller Ecuaciones Diferenciales

1 Por Partes
𝑒 −3𝑥 𝑦 −3 = − ∫ 𝑧 𝑒 𝑧 𝑑𝑧
3 𝑢=𝑧 𝑣 = 𝑒𝑧
1
𝑒 −3𝑥 𝑦 −3 = − [𝑧𝑒 𝑧 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑧 𝑑𝑧]
3 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑧 𝑑𝑧
1
𝑒 −3𝑥 𝑦 −3 = − (−3𝑥𝑒 −3𝑥 − 𝑒 −3𝑥 ) + 𝑐
3

18. 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 − (1 + 𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝑦 −2 𝑑𝑦 (1 + 𝑥) −1 𝑢 = 𝑦 −1
∙ 𝑦 −2 − 𝑦 =1
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 (1 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
− − 𝑢=1 = 𝑦 −2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Multiplicando por -1 tenemos:

𝑑𝑢 1
+ ( + 1) 𝑢 = −1
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
1
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑒 ∫(𝑥+1)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑙𝑛𝑥+𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑙𝑛𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥

𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑢 = ∫ −𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Por Partes
𝑢 = −𝑥 𝑣 = 𝑒𝑥

𝑑𝑢 = −𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 −1 = −𝑥𝑒 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑥𝑒 𝑥
= −𝑥𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑦

Por: Daniel Gomez ID: 000232509

Taller Ecuaciones Diferenciales

19 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 −2
𝑡2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑡𝑦 ∙
𝑑𝑡 𝑡2

−2
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑦 −1
𝑦 + =
𝑑𝑡 𝑡 2 𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝑢 = 𝑦 −1
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 −1 1
𝑦 −2 + = 2
𝑑𝑡 𝑡 𝑡 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑦 −2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
Multiplicando por -1 tenemos:

𝑑𝑢 𝑢 1
+ =
𝑑𝑡 𝑡 𝑡 2
1
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑒 ∫( 𝑡 )𝑑𝑡 = 𝑒 𝑙𝑛 𝑡 = 𝑡

1
𝑡𝑢 = ∫ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑡2

𝑡𝑦 −1 = 𝐿𝑛|𝑡| + 𝑐

20 𝑑𝑦
3(1 + 𝑡 2 ) = 2𝑡𝑦(𝑦 3 − 1)
𝑑𝑡

3𝑑𝑦 2𝑡𝑑𝑡
=
𝑦(𝑦 − 1) 1 + 𝑡 2
3

𝑢 = 1 + 𝑡2
3𝑑𝑦 2𝑡𝑑𝑡
∫ 2
=∫
𝑦(𝑦 − 1)(𝑦 + 𝑦 + 1) 1 + 𝑡2 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑡𝑑𝑡

−3 1 −2𝑦 − 1 𝑑𝑢
∫( − + 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 = ∫
𝑦 𝑦−1 𝑦 +𝑦+1 𝑢

𝑡𝑦 −1 = 𝐿𝑛|𝑡| + 𝑐
Por: Daniel Gomez ID: 000232509
Taller Ecuaciones Diferenciales

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2𝑦 + 1 𝑑𝑢
−3(∫ −∫ +∫ 2 )𝑑𝑦 = ∫
𝑦 𝑦−1 𝑦 +𝑦+1 𝑢

−3𝐿𝑛|𝑦| − 𝐿𝑛|𝑦 − 1| + 𝐿𝑛|𝑦 2 + 𝑦 + 1| = 𝐿𝑛|𝑢| + 𝐿𝑛|𝑐|

𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝐿𝑛

𝑦2 + 𝑦 + 1
𝐿𝑛 | 3 | = 𝐿𝑛|𝑢𝑐|
𝑦 (𝑦 − 1)

𝑦2 + 𝑦 + 1
(1 + 𝑡 2 )𝑐
𝑦 3 (𝑦 − 1)

Fracciones parciales

3 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶𝑦 + 𝐷
= + +
𝑦(𝑦 − 1)(𝑦 2 + 𝑦 + 1) 𝑦 𝑦 − 1 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 + 1

3 𝐴(𝑦 − 1)(𝑦 2 + 𝑦 + 1) + 𝐵𝑦(𝑦 2 + 𝑦 + 1) + (𝐶𝑦 + 𝐷)𝑦(𝑦 − 1)

=
𝑦(𝑦 − 1)(𝑦 2 + 𝑦 + 1) 𝑦(𝑦 − 1)(𝑦 2 + 𝑦 + 1)

3 = 𝐴𝑦 3 − 𝐴 + 𝐵𝑦 3 + 𝐵𝑦 2 + 𝐵𝑦 + 𝐶𝑦 3 − 𝐶𝑦 2 + 𝐷𝑦 2 − 𝐷𝑦

𝐴+𝐵+𝐶 =0 𝑨 = −𝟑 2𝐵 − 𝐶 = 0 𝐶
3+ +𝐶 = 0
𝐵 = 𝐶⁄2 2
𝐵−𝐶+𝐷 =0
3𝐶
𝐵−𝐷 =0 𝐵=𝐷 = −3
2
−𝐴 = 3

𝑩 = −𝟏 𝑫 = −𝟏 𝑪 = −𝟐

Por: Daniel Gomez ID: 000232509