1.

INTRODUCTION TO FRACTIONS

We can think about fractions in different ways:

a) Fractions express parts of the unit

A fraction represents part of a whole. When something is broken up into a number of equal
parts, the fraction shows how many of those parts you have. Sometimes the best way to
learn about fractions is through a picture.

3 1 3 1
5 3 4 2

b) Fractions are operators

A fraction can be used to 'operate' on a quantity and transform it. For example, if a
container has a capacity of 20 litres,

c) Fractions are indicated divisions

A fraction bar represents division. But, when we use only integers, some operations of
division cannot be performed (there is no integer). To fix this problem we extend integers
to rational numbers which are related with decimal numbers.
All numbers that can be written in the form of a fraction or division of two integers (except
division by 0) are called rational numbers.
As in integer numbers, there are also positive and negative fractions.
1
1: 6 is represented by
6
3 3
(–3) : 13 is represented by 
13 13
5
5 : (–3) is represented by 
3
2
(–2) : (–7) is represented by
7

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m94WTZP14SA
In general, when writing a fraction there are two main parts: the numerator and the
denominator. The numerator is how many parts you have. The denominator is how many parts
the whole was divided into. Fractions are written with the numerator over the denominator and
a line in between them.

When we read or talk about fractions, we use cardinal numbers to numerator and ordinal
numbers to denominator.

Here are some exemples of fractions:

1
One fifth
5
3
Three eighths
8
13
Thirteen eighteenths
18
24
Twenty-four twenty-sixths
26

In mathematical speak, other notation can be used.

1
One over five
5
3
Three over eight
8
13
Thirteen over eighteen
18
24
Twenty-four over twenty-six
26

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DnFrOetuUKg
 What is the Fraction of the Shaded Area ?

1) 6)

2) 7)

3) 8)

4) 9)

5) 10 )

Shade the Figure with the Indicated Fraction.

_3_ _2_
11 ) _
10 16 ) 6

_2_ _2_
12 ) 5 17 ) 8

_7_ _5_
13 ) 8 18 ) 6

_8_ _2_
14 ) _
12 19 ) 4

_4_ _3_
15 ) 6 20 ) 5
Name : Score :
Teacher : Date :

Working with fractions and whole numbers.

2
__ 3
__
1) 40 is 10
of what number? 11) Find 10
of 330 =

2
_ 9
__
2) 44 is 5
of what number? 12) Find 10
of 720 =

7
__ 6
_
3) Find 10
of 630 = 13) 180 is 8
of what number?

2
_ 2
_
4) 20 is 3
of what number? 14) 24 is 4
of what number?

2
_ 1
_
5) Find 3
of 72 = 15) 3 is 8
of what number?

1
_ 1
_
6) 4 is 4
of what number? 16) Find 4
of 8 =

2
_ 1
_
7) Find 3
of 42 = 17) Find 3
of 6 =

2
_ 3
_
8) 24 is 5
of what number? 18) 72 is 8
of what number?

7
_ 2
_
9) Find 8
of 168 = 19) Find 5
of 40 =

2
_ 4
_
10) Find 4
of 56 = 20) 144 is 5
of what number?
Math-Aids.Com
Fractions Worksheets
2. TYPES OF FRACTIONS

Mathematicians use three categories to describe fractions: proper, improper, and mixed.

Proper Fractions
A proper fraction is one where the numerator is less than the denominator. Note that a proper
fraction is always less than one.

one-fourth

Improper Fractions
An improper fraction is one where the numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator.
Note that an improper fraction is always 1 or greater than one.

four-fourths seven-fourths

Mixed Numbers
A mixed number is a combination of a whole number and a proper fraction. A improper
fraction can be expressed as a mixed number and a mixed number can be expressed as a
improper fraction
Name : Score :
Teacher : Date :

Converting Improper Fractions to Mixed Numbers

5 36 9
1) = 2) = 3) =
2 5 2

57 30 7
4) = 5) = 6) =
8 7 3

17 18 40
7) = 8) = 9) =
6 4 9

55 13 55
10 ) = 11 ) = 12 ) =
9 3 7

47 27 23
13 ) = 14 ) = 15 ) =
9 5 4

Converting Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions

1 1 2
1) 4 3
= 2) 9 4
= 3) 8 5
=

1 9 1
4) 5 2
= 5) 8 10 = 6) 8 3
=

3 5 1
7) 6 10 = 8) 7 6
= 9) 9 2
=

1 3 5
10 ) 8 2
= 11 ) 2 5
= 12 ) 3 7
=

2 1 3
13 ) 8 5
= 14 ) 6 8
= 15 ) 6 4
=

Math-Aids.Com
Fractions Worksheets
3. EQUIVALENT FRACTIONS

What do the fractions in example have in common?

Each fraction in example represents the same number. These fractions are equivalent. So,
equivalent fractions are different fractions that name the same number

Let's look at some more examples of equivalent fractions.

What would happen if we did not have shapes such as circles and rectangles to refer to? We
need an arithmetic method for finding equivalent fractions.

Multiplying the numerator and the denominator of a fraction by the same nonzero whole
number will change that fraction into an equivalent fraction, but it will not change its value.

You can also find equivalent fractions by dividing both the numerator and denominator by the
same number. In this case, you are simplifying the fraction. When a fraction can not be
simplified, it is called an irreducible fraction.
Write the fraction five-sixths as an equivalent fraction with a denominator
of 24.

Step 1:

Step 2:

Step 3:

Step 4:

Write the fraction two-sevenths as an equivalent fraction with a

denominator of 21.

Step 1:

Step 2:

Step 3:

Step 4:

Notice that if two fractions are equivalent, the product of the numerator (a) of the first fraction
and the denominator (d) of the other fraction is equal to the product of the denominator (b) of
the first fraction and the numerator (c) of the other fraction.
4. COMPARING FRACTIONS

Example 1: Drake rode his bike for three fourths of a mile and Josh rode his bike for one
fourth of a mile. Which boy rode his bike farther?

Drake

Josh

These fractions have like denominators, so we can compare the numerators.

Since three is greater than one, three-fourths is greater than one-fourth. Therefore, Drake rode
his bike farther.

3 1

4 4

When comparing two fractions with like denominators, the larger fraction is the one with
the greater numerator.

Example 2: Josh rode his bike for three fourths of a mile and Drake rode his bike for three
fifths of a mile. Which boy rode his bike farther?

Drake

Josh

These fractions have like numerators, so we can compare the denominators

Since five is greater than four, three fourths is greater than three fifths. Therefore, Josh rode his
bike farther.
3 3

5 4

When comparing two fractions with like numerators, the larger fraction is the one with
the smaller denominator.
Example 3: Josephine ate three-fourths of a pie and Penelope ate two-thirds of a pie. If both
pies are the same size, then which girl ate more pie?

These fractions have unlike denominators (and unlike numerators). It would be easier to
compare them if they had like denominators. We need to convert these fractions to
equivalent fractions with a common denominator in order to compare them more easily.

Josephine:

Penelope:

But how did we know to use 12 as our common denominator? It turns out that the lowest
common denominator is the best choice for comparing fractions.
To find the lowest common denominator (LCD) of two fractions, find the lowest common
multiple (LCM) of their denominators.

To compare fractions with unlike denominators, follow these steps

1. Use the LCD to write equivalent fractions with a common denominator.
2. Compare the numerators: The larger fraction is the one with the greater numerator.
 Ordering Fractions (A)
Name: Date:
Order each set of fractions as indicated.
18 18 18 18 18 143 95 146 42 72
5, 25 , 6, 8, 50 , 50 , 50 , 50 , 50
1) 2)
100
least greatest least greatest

3 8 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5
4, 4, 4, 4, 100 , 50 , 5, 20 ,
3) 4)
4 6
greatest least least greatest

4 4 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 1
2, 2, 2, 2, 9, 20 , 25 , 2,
5) 6)
2 50
greatest least least greatest

8 14 1 5 12 13 13 13 13 13
6, 6, 6, 6, 20 , 6, 25 , 100 , 12
7) 8)
6
greatest least least greatest

24 5 15 15 9 12 12 12 12 12
9, 9, 9, 9, 3, 8, 100 , 10 ,
9) 10)
9 9
least greatest least greatest

Math-Drills.com
Student Name: __________________________ Score:

Compare the Fractions

Write > or < or = in each box:

1 2 3

   
     

4 5 6

  
 






7 8 9

   
    

10 11 12

    


 
 

13 14 15

 
 
  

Free Math Worksheets @ http://www.mathworksheets4kids.com

5. ADDING AND SUBTRACTING FRACTIONS

a) It is easy to add and subtract fractions when the denominators are the same.

All you need to do is add or subtract the numerators of the fractions and keep the same
denominator.

b) When fractions have different denominators, the first thing you do is reduce them to a
lowest common denominator
EXERCISES
Add or subtract the following fractions. Simplify and reduce when possible.

2 3 9 1 1 3
1)   2)   3)  
7 7 14 14 6 6

5 1 2 1 11 5
4)   5)   6)  
6 4 3 2 12 6

2 3 7 2 7 2
7)   8)   9)  
5 8 8 3 9 3

Convert each integer into a fraction with 1 as the denominator and calculate:

2
1) 2  
7
1 1
2) 1  
2 5
5 1
3) 2 
2 10
5
4) 3 
3
3 1
5)  1 
10 20

Solve these problems with fractions:

1) Jessica bought 8/9 of a pound of chocolates and ate 1/3 of a pound. How much was left?

2) Sam rode his bike 2/5 of a mile and walked another 3/4 of a mile. How far did he travel?

3) You give 1/3 of a pan of brownies to Susan and 1/6 of the pan of brownies to Patrick. How
much of the pan of brownies did you give away?

4) Pam walks 7/8 of a mile to school. Paul walks 1/2 of a mile to school. How much farther
does Pam walk than Paul?

5) Stanley ordered two pizzas cut into eighths. If he ate 5/8 of a pizza, how much was left?
6. MULTIPLYING AND DIVIDING FRACTIONS

Let’s see this video:

https://www.mathantics.com/section/lesson-video/multiplying-fractions

Three simple steps are required to multiply two fractions:

Step 1: Multiply the numerators from each fraction by each other. The result is the numerator
of the answer.
Step 2: Multiply the denominators of each fraction by each other. The result is the denominator
of the answer.
Step 3: Simplify or reduce the answer.

Now, we are going to learn about division:

https://www.mathantics.com/section/lesson-video/dividing-fractions

Dividing fractions is very similar to multiplying fractions, you even use multiplication. The
one change is that you have to take the reciprocal of the divisor (to get the reciprocal, invert the
fraction. For example, if the fraction is 2/3 then the reciprocal is 3/2). Then you proceed with
the problem just as if you were multiplying.
Step 1: Take the reciprocal of the divisor.
Step 2: Multiply the numerators.
Step 3: Multiply the denominators.
Step 4: Simplify the answer.
 Multiplying Fractions (A)
Find the value of each expression in lowest terms.
12 8 19 20 7 2
1.
11 × 3 × 8 5.
7 × 5 × 11

10 4 1 1 15 6
2.
3 ×7×2 6.
3× 2 ×7

9 10 19 14 3
3.
10 × 3 × 4 7.
9 ×2× 2

24 5 4
4.
5 × 12 × 3 8. 6 × 21 × 87

Math-Drills.com
 Dividing Fractions (A)
Find the value of each expression in lowest terms.
5 7 4 4
1. 20 ÷ 5. ÷ 9. 4÷
3 2 5 3

8 3 13 15 11 3
2. ÷ 6. ÷ 10. ÷
5 2 3 7 2 4

3 12 19 1
3. ÷1 7. ÷4 11. ÷
2 7 10 5

11 11 13 12 1
4. ÷ 8. 16 ÷ 12. ÷
6 3 4 5 8

Math-Drills.com
Now, solve these problems with fractions:

1) A Satellite makes 4 revolutions of the Earth in one day. How many revolutions would
1
it make in 6 days?
2

81
2) Belinda baked 9 pies that weigh pounds total. How much does each pie weigh?
4

4
3) A piece of paper is inches thick. How many sheets of paper will it take to make
1000
a stack 1 inch high?

1
4) DJ Gabe is going to serve of a whole pizza to each guest at his party. If he expects
3
24 guests, how many pizzas will he need?
 Order of Operations with Fractions (A)
Name: Date:

Solve each expression using the correct order of operations.

( )3 1 4 2 3 1 5
1 2 × + × +
+ 2 9 5 4 6 8
2 3

( )2 ( )
1 1 2 1 1 3 1 4
÷ + × × +
5 4 3 8 9 5 5 5

( )
1 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 5
÷ + + ÷ − ×
8 5 2 2 5 9 6 9 8

Math-Drills.com