Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
H.W 2
Class Work
Sanitary Engineering
Prof. H. Hamouda
Answer The following in details (use the power points slides and other sources)
1. Storm water run-off can be calculated based on rainfall and a run-off coefficient.
a) Explain what the run-off depends on.
1. Rainfall characteristics :
(duration, amount, intensity, frequency and distribution).
2. Climatic factors :
(temperature, humidity, wind velocity, pressure variation, etc).
3. Watershed physical conditions :
(size, shape, slope, topography, geology, soil type, land use and cover,
orientation, depressions, streams, etc).
b) Give a range for the value of the run-off coefficient for impervious and for
pervious surfaces. Explain the difference.
Impervious surfaces run
pervious surfaces run off
off
value of the run-off
10% run off 75% - 100% run off
coefficient
The pervious part is the The impervious part is the
area where water can area that does not readily
The difference
readily infiltrate into the allow water to infiltrate into
ground the ground
Forests buildings and sidewalks or
Example
compacted unvegetated soils
c) Do you expect the value of the run-off coefficient to be higher in summer and
in winter? Explain why.
1- The value of the run-off coefficient will be higher in winter because
the run off depends on Rainfall characteristics (duration, amount, etc).
and the rainfall will be increase in winter.
2- the value of evapotranspiration will be decrease.
3- the value of infiltration will be decrease because the soil will be
saturation.
3. What are the main kinds of pipe materials and the Factors effecting there
selection?
The main kinds of pipe materials
a) Concrete
b) Reinforced concrete
c) Asbestos cement
d) Cast iron (lined with cement).
e) Ductile iron (lined with cement).
f) Steel (lined with cement).
g) PVC, UPVC
h) GRB (fiber glass).
Factors effecting the selection of materials
1- Chemical characteristics of wastewater and degree of resistance to acid, base,
solvents,
2- Resistance to scour and flow (friction coefficient).
3- External forces and internal pressures.
4- Soil conditions.
5- Type of backfill
6- Useful life
7- Strength and water tightness of joints and effective control of infiltration and
inflow.
8- Availability in diameter, length, and ease of installation.
9- Cast of construction and maintenance.