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 Pulse Code Modulation
Pulse code modulation is a method that is used to convert an analog
signal into a digital signal, so that modified analog signal can be
transmitted through the digital communication network. PCM is in
binary form ,so there will be only two possible states high and low(0
and 1). We can also get back our analog signal by demodulation. The
Pulse Code Modulation process is done in three steps Sampling,
Quantization, and Coding. There are two specific types of pulse code
modulations such as differential pulse code modulation(DPCM) and
adaptive differential pulse code modulation(ADPCM)

To get a pulse code modulated waveform from an analog waveform

at the transmitter end (source) of a communications circuit, the
amplitude of the analog signal samples at regular time intervals. The
sampling rate or number of samples per second is several times the
maximum frequency. The message signal converted into binary form
will be usually in the number of levels which is always to a power of 2.
This process is called quantization. At the receiver end, a pulse code
demodulator decodes the binary signal back into pulses with same
quantum levels as those in the modulator. By further processes we
can restore the original analog waveform.
 advantages of PCM

There are some important advantages of PCM(pulse code

modulation) which are given below,
o The PCM (pulse code modulation) convenient for long

distance communication.
o It has a higher transmitter efficiency.

o It has a higher noise immunity.

disadvantages of PCM

There are some disadvantages of PCM (pulse code modulation)

which are given below,
o The PCM (pulse code modulation) requires large bandwidth
as compared to analog system.
o Encoding, decoding and quantizing circuit of PCM is very
complex.

applications of PCM

There are some applications of PCM (pulse code modulation)

which are given below,
o The PCM is used in the satellite transmission system.
o It is used in space communication.
o It is used in telephony.
o The compact disc (CD) is a recent application of PCM.