April 27 to April 28, 2020

Finding Cubes

1. How many cubes are there in each of the following figures shown below?

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)
2. How many cubes are there in each of the following figures shown below?

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) The darkened part is hollow.

3. How many cubes are there in each of the following figures shown below?

(a) The darkened part is hollow.

(b)

(c)

4. 27 identical cubes are used to form the cuboid shown below. Six faces of the cuboid are then
painted in yellow. Complete the table below to show the number of cubes with different
number of face painted yellow.
 No. of faces 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
painted in
yellow

No. of cubes Total:

5. The I-shaped object is made up of 9 identical cubes. The surface of the object is painted in blue.
The 9 cubes are then removed from each other after the paint dries up. Complete the table
below to show the number of cubes with different number of faces painted in blue.

No. of faces 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
painted in
blue

No. of cubes Total:

6. The figure shown below is made up of 12 identical cubes. It is then painted in green before all
the cubes are removed from each other. Complete the table below to show the number of cubes
with different number of face painted in green.

No. of faces 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
painted in
green

No. of cubes Total:

April 29 to April 30, 2020

 The Excess-and-Shortage Problem

You have some marbles. You are left with 6 marbles if you give each of your friends 11 marbles.
You will need 12 more marbles if you give 14 marbles to each of your friends. How many friends do
you give the marbles to? How many marbles do you have?

The above shows an example of the excess-and-shortage problems. How do you solve problems of
this nature when you are given two different scenarios? One of the scenarios illustrates an excess
of items while another illustrates a shortage of items.

In this lesson, the student will learn about the methods to solve such problems.

The following formulae are useful in solving problems of this nature.

Formula 1: (excess + shortage) ÷ difference = number of items

Formula 2: (excess – excess) ÷ difference = number of items
Formula 3: total = number of items x equal share for each item + excess
Formula 4: total = number of items x equal share for each item – shortage

Examples

Example 1: A teacher has a bag of sweets. If she gives 10 sweets to each of her pupils, there will be
an excess of 8 sweets. If she gives 11 sweets to each of her pupils, she will need
another 16 sweets. How many pupils does the teacher give the sweets to? How many
sweets does she have?

Solution: excess of sweets = 8

Shortage of sweets = 16
Difference in the number of sweets = 11 – 10 = 1

Apply formulae 1 to find the number of pupils

(excess + shortage) ÷ difference = number of items
(8 + 16) ÷ 1 = 24

The teacher gives the sweets to 24 pupils.

Apply the formulae 3 or 4 to find the number of sweets.

Total = number of items x equal share for each item + excess
= 24 x 10 + 8 = 248

or
Total = number of items x equal share for each item – shortage
= 24 x 11 – 16 = 248
 She has 248 sweets.

Example 2: The leader of a group of monkeys was giving away some bananas to its followers. If it gave 5
bananas to each monkey, it needed another 2 bananas. If it gave each monkey 4 bananas, there
were 3 bananas left. How many follows did the leader have? How many bananas did the leader
have?

Solution: excess of bananas = 3

Shortage of bananas = 2
Difference in the number of bananas = 5 – 4 = 1

Apply the formulae 1 to find the number of pupils.

(excess + shortage) ÷ difference = number of items
(3 + 2) ÷ 1 = 5
The leader has 5 followers.
Apply formulae 3 or 4 to find the number of bananas.
Total = number of items x equal share for each item + excess
= 5 x 4 + 3 = 23
OR
Total = number of items x equal share for each item – shortage
= 5 x 5 – 2 = 23

The leader had 23 bananas.

Example 3: At a tree-planting project, each volunteer is supposed to plant the same number of trees. If each
volunteer plants 5 trees, there will be 3 trees left. If each volunteer plants 3 trees, there will be 9
trees left. How many trees are planted? How many volunteers are there?

Solution: excess of trees = 3

Excess of trees = 9
Difference in the number of trees = 5 – 3 = 2

Apply formula 2 to find the number of volunteers.

(excess – excess) ÷ difference = number of items
(9 – 3) ÷ 2 = 3
There are 3 volunteers.
Apply formula 3 to find the number of trees.
Total = number of items x equal share for each item + excess
= 3 x 5 + 3 = 18
OR
= 3 x 3 + 9 = 18

18 trees are planted.

Exercises
1. A teacher has a bag of sweets. Is she gives each pupil 8 sweets; she will be left with 8 sweets. If
she gives each pupil 10 sweets, she needs 4 more sweets. How many pupils does the teacher
give the sweets to? How many sweets does she have?

2. A carton of oranges is to be shared among some family members. If each family member gets 5
oranges, there will be 3 oranges left in the carton. If every family member gets 7 oranges, there
is a shortage of 7 oranges. How many members are there in this family? How many oranges are
there in this carton?

3. Mr. Nelson is changing the water in his fish tank. If he uses a 5-liter pail, 4 liter of water will
overflow. If he uses a 3-liter pail, he needs another 4 more pails of water. How many liters of
water are need to fill the fish tank?

4. Greenville primary School is organizing a field trip for the pupils. If the seating capacity of each
bus is 35 pupils, 5 pupils will not be able to board the bus. If the seating capacity of each bus is
40 pupils, there will be an extra empty bus. How many buses are needed for the field trip? How
many pupils are going for the field trip?

5. A comic costs $3 and a mystery series costs $5 each. If Ken spends all h is money on the comics,
he has $6 left. If he wants to but the mystery series, he needs another $8. How many comics or
mystery books is Ken buying? How much money does he have?

6. A teacher is taking some pupils for a riverboat excursion. If each boat can take only 3 pupils, 16
pupils will not get onto the boat. If each boat can take only 5 pupils, 2 pupils will not get onto
the boat. How many boats are there? How many pupils are there?

7. Mrs. Bunny was giving away some carrots to her children. If each rabbit received 3 carrots, there
would be an excess of 7 carrots. If each rabbit was given 4 carrots, there would be only 2
carrots left. How many children did Mrs. Bunny give the carrots to? How many carrots did she
have?
8. If 6 students are sharing a hostel room in an international school, there will be 2 empty rooms. If
4 students are sharing a hostel room instead, there will be a shortage of 3 rooms. How many
students want to stay in the hostel? How many hostel rooms does the international school
have?

9. Miss Atkinson stayed back in school to do some marking. If she had marked 4 questions in a
minute, she would leave the school 5 minutes late. If she had marked 6 questions in a minute,
she would leave the school 5 minutes early. How many questions did she mark before she left
the school?

10. Jodi walks to school every morning. If she walks at a speed of 50 meters per minute, she will be
4 minutes late for school. If she walks at a speed of 65 meters per minute, she will reach her school
2 minutes before the assembly bell rings. How long does Jodi take to walk to school in order to be
on time? How far is the school from her house?