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Tactical Combat
An Overview of Tactical Combat
This book will delineate the attributes of Tactical Combat and focus on
a field proven methodology which effectively responds to the needs of
terror interdiction teams and operators combating 4th Generation
Warfare entities and tactics. The general underlying principle of this
protocol involves the integration of the three combat sciences
fundamental to Special Tactics expertise: Team Assault, Combat
Marksmanship, and Tactical Close-Quarters Combat. Integration is
vital to developing a non-contradictory, non eclectic system of
propagation and an exacting methodology for implementation. The key
to successful transformation on the Tactical Level lies in the
up-grading of combat systems through the propagation of Special
Tactics training throughout. These written contents serve as an APA Special Tactics
essential introductory guide to Special Tactics Simultaneous Combat
and are part of authorized training materials relevant to Tactical Force Response for Police and military use.
The author, American, Chief Tactical Instructor Chris Mar, spent 23 years training international SWAT, Special MP
and Counterterrorist Instructors Teams. He is the founding Chief Instructor of Taiwan Special Tactics Police, the
original developer of Simultaneous Combat biomechanics, the founder of APA Tactical Force Response, and the
only person to receive official certification as Chief Instructor of Tactical Close Combat, for the top echelon of
Special Police and Antiterrorist Instructors on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
Fourth Generation Warfare began in 1945 with the use of Nuclear Weapons and the return to total devastation as
an option for victory over military constituents but as well there was a belief to spare civilian populations not
supporting a war effort and a respect for the neutrality of some countries exempting them from the belligerence of
either faction.
Fifth Generation Warfare comes about us not through a war of terror, as this is not particularly new. Rather the use
of the internet and the control of the scale of force; scalability, which is akin to a programmer wiping out an entire
national energy network yet being able to pinpoint the delivery and effectiveness as well as the degree and
magnitude of its effect in time and valuations. The use of information and media, the electronic lased mapped fields
of battle through HUD in helmets interconnected by military networks and the concept that the flow of data and
information is not bound by borders. The exploitation of media and the self-enactment of fully empowered
individuals with enough resources to cause ultimate devastation to civilization is the characteristic of Fifth
generation Warfare.
of clear mental acuity forming empathic sensitivity awareness in order to use Simultaneous counter-attack. The 4
Criteria of 1) Kinetic Objectives, 2), Critical Processing of Intervals 3) Mental Envisagement and 4) Simultaneity
Defining Victory
There are three major changes which must be realized in response to “New-generation” conflict. The first is the need
to understand the system of thought or the contextual characteristics of the opposing forces rather than the content of
battle tactics through the conduct of war-fighters.
Secondly, any conflict can be fought and won without physical confrontation, e.g. by influence or bribery. Battles
can be won by indirect means, through usurpation or the stealth extermination of key individuals.
Thirdly, though conventional doctrine delineates warfare at three levels; Strategic, Operational or Tactical, in reality
today’s battlefield extends into communities with businesses and residences which means victory is not the
completion of the physical battle but where post-conflict operations including changes to political and military
leadership have the moral support of the local community.
Tactical Combat 5
Special Tactics
Special Tactics is the appurtenance of advanced combat resources and capabilities specific to the rapid deployment
of special objectives task-oriented multi-role fighting teams. The three most important characteristics of the fighters
are 1) the degree of experience, 2) the level of maturity to take decisive action and effectuate self-enacted creativity
and 3) knowledge of the regional area, the culture, language, terrain, sociology and psychology.
Special Combat Ops are vastly different than Special Tactics Responders. Specialized military teams prepare
battlefields, use stealthy and clandestine measures to insert Combat Controllers, exploit sophisticated deception
tactics, Para rescue, and include combat weather personnel. Functions include austere airfield and assault zone
reconnaissance, surveillance, rear area infiltration, exfiltration, psy ops, assist combat engineers for obstructions
placement, and terminal control. The objective is to gather intelligence, and deploy into inaccessible areas. Special
Operations can impact every aspect in a Theater of Operations. Special Tactics Police and First Responders assist to
contain and to provide fire support, sharpshooters and assault teams in hostage rescue, structure and barricade
clearing, tactical riot and snatch extraction, to provide or assist in close protection, and to breach or use dynamic
entry formations. The Objective is control the tactical environment and to save lives through precision formations
and extreme efficiency of close combat.
Force Protection
It is important to understand the critical role of Force Protection which specifically involves the defense and security
ascertainment of Tactical operators and the envelope of operations within the reach of the Force itself. Protection of
the Force is a policing action necessary to ensure the security of the base of operations and includes meticulous
security posts and patrols, aggressive intelligence gathering activities, intensive detection, provide vital fire to protect
lives, maintain the integrity of security processes by deadly preemption, provide rapid humanitarian response, make
difficult and dangerous rescue, and facilitate defense engineering.
Combat Engineers
Combat Engineers will analyze the terrain’s ability to facilitate the flow of mechanized support and communications
and a geological threshold for clearance, coverage, weight bearing and wind conditions can be factored in.
Engineering controls road construction, blockade placement, obstacle and traps clearing and positioning. The
securing or regaining control of any area previously lost may reveal important facts which will be taken into account
for damage control planning, establishing transport routes for infiltration and viable exits as well as providing critical
keys for locating traps and preventing ambush, greatly assisting the set up area defenses, protection of munitions,
developing deception operations to coincide with other actions. Determining likely Courses of Action involves
intelligence preparation and planning, maneuver control and sustainability. Analysis of positions relative to the
technical character of the terrain, personnel and weapons systems, logistical support and time-frame of mission
duration are essential in developing a synchronization matrix. Ultimately the depth of reconnaissance and
preparation of intelligence depends on the reliability of the sources which include remote sensors, satellite, friendly
observers, and first-hand studies by special exploratory units who have a high level of expertise in weaponry, tactics,
stealth, special transport, EW, and Close Quarters skills. The effectiveness of the planning and the time to initiate
specific actions are most heavily reliant on accurate intelligence.
Tactical Combat 7
Post conflict
As warfare closes, the capabilities of military Special Ops and Law Enforcement Special Response Units become
mutually supportive, especially as many missions involve clearing built-up urban areas, and providing Combined
Operations support and training for friendly enforcement units, extractions and tactical snatch in hostile areas as well
as tactical riot formations, and crowd control tactics which may or may not be within the perimeters of the secure
zone.
Integration of Protocol
Tactical Combat concerns the effective integration of the three combat sciences fundamental to expertise in Special
Tactics: Team Assault, Combat Marksmanship, and Tactical Close-Quarters Combat. Propagation is the training of
an administrative core and Implementation is the field use of the operational methodology.
The Selection
After the comprehensive examination of over 300 systems and instructors, the National Police Administration
Special Training Division picks the APA Tactical simultaneous counter attack terror interdiction methodology of
high-speed extraction, tactical riot, close security and advanced Maneuver Warfare as the official Tactical CQC
protocol.
In the following months Chief Instructor Chris Mar finalizes APA field documentation and multi-media training
support materials with Group Commander Jerry Chen and 15 APA Assistant Instructors. The APA Instruction Team
conduct the first 10 week 350 National Police Instructors to form the foundation for APA Tactical CQC Long Term
Training regimen.
After the first group of National Police Instructors complete special tactics training, exemplary active -duty officers
from various departments form the First Division SWAT Teams and complete 8 weeks of intensive training. Courses
include APA-CQC, Combat Marksmanship, Combat Assault team, Advanced Criminology, structure clearing,
dynamic entry, combat stress marksmanship, tactical rappel, and advanced high speed vehicle control.
Tactical Combat 8
Objectives
While the job of the Tactical Team is invariably to obtain the highest probability of bringing the immediate Tactical
Environment under total control the First priority will be the isolation of the constituents. Units entering into the area
of concern will establish a command center and a simulation site as close to the actual situation as possible. Each
team will:
Combat Controller
An essential element of Military Special Tactical Combat is the Combat Controller who is first deployed into
restricted environments to assess and establish a drop, landing or extraction zone for forward area activities. Each
Combat Controller is a certified Air Traffic Controller capable of handling military operations air support and the
dynamic conditions of battlefield air traffic. Undergoing the most intensive physical and technical training available,
Combat Controllers are expert with small arms, intelligence gathering, technical terrain surveying, limited weather
observations and specialized demolition for clearing obstructions and hazards from potential runways and landing
zones.
Real-time intelligence is the one of the most challenging aspects of Tactical Combat. The accuracy and clarity of
Surveillance, Exploratory and Observation directly impacts the effectivity of analysis and ultimate decision making.
Securing the Base of Operations by way of intrusion detection is possible through a wide array of advanced
electronic equipment and innovative usage. Systems include:
A. Secure includes:
a) Rescue - to save from danger
b) Extract - to move from unsecured conditions to an area of safety
c) Remove - to physically take away
d) Destroy - to cause demolishment
e) Apprehend - to take into custody
f) Coerce - to use threat or force to cause
g) Interrogate - to pose questions to transmit
h) Conceal - hiding from discovery
B. Matter implies
a) Entities - one or more of that which exists
b) Materials - tangible substances
c) Equipment - objects of use
d) Information - cognizant data
e) Sites - designated location
C. Elements' means
a) Forces - composite groups
b) Person(s) - self and other people
c) Areas - positional locale
d) Conditions - state of circumstances
e) Actions - activities of process
Unit differentiation
Where there are many strata of national and local level defense or security, from Department of Defense military
systems and Federal Agencies to local Law Enforcement police units, a tactical team generally indicates the smallest
operationally functional unit of trained individuals grouped into the following unit designation: 1. A Detachment (3
to 5 men) is known as a Fire Team (a 4 man unit). 2. A Squad comprises of 3 Fire Teams (12-15 people) & a Team
Leader 3. A Platoon is made of 3 Squads and a Platoon Leader. There are 3 Fire Teams within a Squad of 12 to 15
operators which includes one Team Leader (Staff Sergeant Level) and 3-4 Squads per Platoon with a Platoon Leader
Tactical Combat 11
Behavioral Distinction
Tactical implies the implementation of evolved and intelligent behavior made second nature versus
hyper-conditioning of reflex and intuitive behavior. The training and thinking processes are brought together under a
fundamental tactical plan or approach, where the objectives of the solitary combatant and his equipment are applied
according to the needs and initiatives of the strategic overview.
SEMANTICS
To delineate contextual terminology, the term “Combat”, as in Combat Sciences, refers to technologies and systems
specific to the Tactical Infrastructure in Force Protection, Bio-kinematics Analytic Targeting, Binary Bio-Dynamic
Common Denominators, and Field Protocol, and “Battle” is the active physical involution of force on force
confrontation where, if not contained and/or resolved, has immediate potential to escalate and spill-over into
adjunctive areas.
INFRASTRUCTURE
A Unified Tactical Infrastructure is accomplished by the integration of the three primary combat systems; Team
Assault, Combat Marksmanship and Close Quarters Combat. The employment of Tactical Combat functionality,
while inseparable as the deterrent to antagonism and coercion, is exclusive to the conditions and standards of
judicious Law Enforcement and rules of Military Engagement. As well, the technical training methodology and
systems of knowledge are exclusive to a very limited quantity and special selection of members of constabulary and
national security services, not for reasons of exclusivity, imposition of limitations for inclusion or restrictive
confidentiality within the force services, but because of the sophistication and advanced learning requirements of
these specific sciences taking into consideration the extremely limited quantity of qualified instructors in proportion
to the total number of members in active service. Ideally all personnel of the services should understand and
physically train in the manner of Special Operatives, because the higher the level of skill throughout, the greater the
ability to effectively engage in wider theatres of operation and the greater the spectrum of tasks that can be
accommodated.
Tactical Groups
•Chief Instructor – SPG – PLAAPF Special Armed Ops Forces Antiterrorist Instrs GRP
International Groups
•Chief Instructor - Tactical Baton - Saudi Arabia
Spec Forces Officers Team
•Chief Instructor - Tactical CQC
Malawi Special Royal Guards
•Chief Instructor - Tactical Riot
Jordanian Specialized Task Force
APA
APA - Antagonist Perpetrated Aggression, APA Tactical Tactical Training System is a proven special force response
system which effectively unifies the tactical infrastructure through a national ministry level administration and
proliferation process. The emphasis of the systemization is the implementation of Combined Operations Rescue and
Extraction and Rapid Reaction Deployment antiterrorist technologies. This Combat Training involves 1) Specialized
Combat Marksmanship under conditions of physical and psychological stress, Team Assault formations for search,
traversing, clearing, dynamic entry, and ambush 3) Close-Quarters Combat for rescue, extraction, arrest, tactical riot,
multiple adjunctive angles, alternative weapons, simultaneous counter-attack and high risk protection. The process of
tactical unification is developed through total skill integration and field protocol using four essential elements for
analysis and training. These are;
Tactical Combat 13
2. 5 Factors to Reconcile
SUMMARY
Tactical Combat force engagement conditions and response methodology are specific to special force protection
solutions prepared in strategic battle planning which integrates logistical effectiveness, high-speed mobility and
sophisticated weapons support.
Rapidly deployable by nature, elite teams’ common objective is the interdiction of terrorism, hostile subterfuge and
open confrontation of both domestic and foreign origin.
Procedural emphasis is placed on the complete integration of tactical protocol into a unified system comprising of
three essential combat sciences; Team Assault, Close Quarters Combat and Combat Marksmanship.
Tactical Combat 14
Perceived Threat
Perceived threat includes throng turbulence, urban guerrilla combatants and barricaded subjects where conditions
may require hostage rescue, selective extraction, exploratory recon, surveillance and VIP Protection.
Operational Intelligence and Situational Awareness are important in the most effective preparation of force
protection however superior tactics and weaponry are most essential in obtaining the highest probability of total
control over the tactical environment and its constituents.
APA remains the exclusive National SWAT and Spec Ops Presentation method since 1984. APA-CQC has been
taught to elite SPG (Special Police Group), antiterrorist instructors, SWAT, Spec Ops, Special Forces, Royal Guard
and other tactical teams.
NON-ESCALATION POLICY
There are 5 levels of Escalation; Passive, Resistance, Hostile Confrontation, Armed Insurgence, Wide Ranging
Destructive Energy Within densely populated areas there is a high probability of multiple antagonist confrontation
occurrences. Regardless of the circumstances, it is essential that the actions taken by law enforcement to contain do
not instead create spill-over or escalation. During operations, the policy of avoiding, if at all possible, dispersed
deterrents, lethal or un-natural force, including firearms, tear gas, stun devices, rubber bullets, electricity or
chemicals other than marking dyes must be observed. Inappropriate or over approximation of response will result in
Accidental Violence.
ORGANIZATION STAGE
Establish a training team of qualified instructors for certification to instruct the CQC tactical training system. Note
that while in-keeping with the state-of-the-technology and current international standards in use by SWAT and Rapid
Reaction Forces the solution for crisis management is unique to every country. It is highly preferable to create
multi-media training materials on-base. To unify the applied training requires the total integration of appropriate
close quarters combat into a single all inclusive and consistent logic, specific and exclusive for use by tactical and
spec ops only. The training is high speed, intensively demanding and specializes in the total tactical environment of
arrest and extraction.
INTENT OF APA
APA is a tactical force response and force protection system based on Simultaneous Counterattack. The ultimate
goal aside from situational control is to facilitate rescue and expedite extraction. As such, the mode of deployment
for exploration, surveillance, observation or exploitation would be stealth. Stealth applies to Information Systems
and any radiating source of energy. In this mode the only reason for confrontation is not to gain or protect ground,
but rather when confrontation is unavoidable according to the following three conditions:
1. If safe passage is denied and to hold is untenable
2. In order to avoid over-whelming counter-force
3. When the need to rescue or extract outweighs the danger in doing so.
APA Tactical Combat is not only tactical systems integration; it involves the interpersonal and intra-personal thought
process of the individual. To be Inspired, Precise and Decisive means to have the capability to source the creative
intelligence from within in order to observe, analyze and act with precision and finality.
where integrated consciousness-awareness is capable of overcoming pre-conception and automatic reflex instinct and
then replacing the non-productive values with optimal sophisticated solutions which must be simultaneous to be
effective. Objectivity is paramount to truth which is the integral state of being to simultaneity. TRUTH IS A FINITE
SEQUENCE OF SIMULTANEOUSLY TRANSITIONAL EVENTS WHICH NEITHER THE OBSERVOR NOR
PERSPECTIVE AFFECTS. This precludes the observer's influence.
APA has only two interaction modes. System Propagation concerns inter-relaying integration protocol of the training
processes and System Implementation is the execution of operating methodology. For example Full-stop, half-step
and full-step represent motion components and the sequential processing of transitions for training only -
propagation, and the diametric equal of propagation is Implementation which is carried forth by Stop- Attack,
Progressive SMAP and Attack to Control, which are the inherent APA phases stop, attack, control.
"Simultaneous activity is not Rapid-Occurring Motion" means Simultaneous Combat precludes Assorted Movement
with a high Rate of Change; Simultaneous Interchange is the instantaneous transfer of energy during the physical
transition which occurs on the Front Plane which is a singularity (one pulse) rather than a combination or eclectic
body of partials.
Full stop is not Frame-by-Frame Stop motion step sequences which are the captured momentary extracts in
arbitrarily sliced singular equal intervals whose sum total is an exponent of semi-cycle of fluid motion.
APA Angle Set Propagation is by Full Stop - (Single skills consciousness), Half Step - (Flow process by transitions)
and a total Dedicated Angle is a Full Step. The Half-Step is a process to integrate the transitions rather than combine
Full-Stops into a sequence. It is the critical process-within-the-process which contains command positions, focus of
targeting, perspectives, moving state of dynamics, and is rooted in Simultaneous Multiple Action Process (SMAP).
Implementation (execution of the methodology) concerns terrain, concealment, deception, flanking, counter-counter
and resolutions in the following sequence:
1. Search for Opportunity through positional escalation (Closing to Entering)
2. Alternative Facilitation through angle attrition (Pain trigger, resistance reduction, and control manipulation)
3. Stop (Arresting momentum), Attack (Reduce Resistance) and Control (by extraction) are either part of
momentary closure or a complete and final resolution.
Do not assume or presume "the Observer" is one person. It is third party inclusive. Therefore mutual cognition refers
to all the constituents, which does not necessarily mean that, aside from the APA Applicator, anyone within the
envelope, (observer, cause-state or effect-state participant) understands what is transpiring, only that there is a
cognition (perception through effect) and not always recognition (acknowledgement by intellect) to the fact. The
APA Applicator will definitely have cognizance even though it should be unconsciously competent.
Article Sources and Contributors 17
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