Chapter 3 Lecture

Basic Chemistry
Fourth Edition

Chapter 3 Matter and Energy

3.4 Energy

Learning Goal Identify energy as

potential or kinetic; convert between
units of energy.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Energy

Energy
• is defined as the ability to do work
• can be classified as either kinetic or
potential energy

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.

Potential energy is determined by the position

of an object or its chemical composition.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Potential or Kinetic Energy?

Water in a reservoir behind a dam has

potential energy.

When the water is released and flows over the

dam, its potential energy is converted to kinetic
energy.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Learning Check

Identify the energy in each example as

(1) potential or (2) kinetic.

A. Roller blading
B. A peanut butter and jelly sandwich
C. Mowing the lawn (potong rumput)
D. Gasoline in the gas tank

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Solution

Identify the energy in each example as

(1) potential or (2) kinetic.

A. rollerblading (2) kinetic

B. a peanut butter and jelly sandwich
(1) potential
C. mowing the lawn (2) kinetic
D. gasoline in the gas tank (1) potential

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Heat and Units of Energy, Joules

Heat is associated with the motion of particles.

The faster the particles move, the greater the
thermal energy of the substance.

The SI unit of energy is the joule (J).

1 kJ = 1000 J

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Energy Comparison

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Heat and Units of Energy, Calories

The unit calorie is the amount of energy

needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water
by 1 o C.
• 4.184 Joules (J) = 1 calorie (cal) (exact)

• 1 kilocalorie (kcal) = 1000 calories (cal)

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Learning Check

How many calories are obtained from a pat of

butter if it provides 150 J of energy when
metabolized?

1 cal = 4.184 J

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Solution

How many calories are obtained from a pat of

butter if it provides 150 J of energy when
metabolized?
Step 1 Given 150 J Need calories
Step 2 Write a plan to convert units.

joules Energy calories

factor

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Solution

How many calories are obtained from a pat of

butter if it provides 150 J of energy when
metabolized?

Step 3 State equalities, conversion factors.

1 cal = 4.184 J

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Solution

How many calories are obtained from a pat of

butter if it provides 150 J of energy when
metabolized?

Step 4 Set up problem and calculate.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.