INTEGRATED BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

LEVEL

2nd Module Practical Reserach II

Grade and Section: 11 STEM A AND B

Topic: Instrumentation in Quantitative Research

Learning Competencies:
1. Construct a research instrument.
2. Plan the data collection procedure.
3. Collect data using appropriates research instruments.
Time frame: 1 week

Lesson II.: Instrumentation in Quantitative Research

Discussion:
Instrumentation is the process of collecting data. The tool or device to collect data
is called an instrument. Thus, instrumentation in research refers to the different ways and
means of collecting data. Designing or choosing an instruement is one of the challenging
task researchers encounter in the inquiry process. The instrument has to be designed an
structured so that correct and accurate information will be collected from the samples.
This will ensure the quality and validity of the results and findings.
The first step in constructing an instrument is to ask the following questions on data
collection:
1. How will the data be gathered?
2. When will the data be gathered?
3. Where will the data be gathered?
4. How will the data be analyzed?

Prepared by: Joan V. Rosales, LPT

How to Gather Data
The data that you will collect in your study depend on the design and the purpose of
your research. The best data collection procedures use in describing a phenomena are
surveys, interviews and observations. A questionnaire designed to obtain past data is
appropriate to use in retrospective studies.

When To Collect Data

Once you have decided what kind of data to collect, the next questions to ask are
when to collect the data and who will collect them. In a study where there is intervention,
it is important to collect the data before and after the intervention. It might not always be
possible that the researchers have access to their sample; thus, who will administer the
instrument is good question to ask. The person who will administer the instument should
be informed of the study so that questions or clarification regarding the instrument will
be addressed.

Where to Collect Data

The place where the data will be collected is an important consideration during the
instrumentation plan. The place to collect the data must be in environment where
participants are at ease in accomplishing your questionnaire. This will ensure the validity
of the data you are collecting.

How to Analyze Data

Part of the instrumentation plan is to identify how the data will be analyzed. In
quantitative research, there are various statistical procedures that can be used to analyzed
the data obtained from the administration of the research instruments.

TASK 1. Let’s Comprehend

Directions: Read and analyze the questions given below. The answer it using two to
three sentences only.
1. As a researchers, why do you think crafting a research instrument is considered as
most challenging task?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Prepared by: Joan V. Rosales, LPT

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
2. Based on the lesson given above, what do you think are the primary considerations in
crafting research instruments?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.

Lesson III. Research Intruments

Let’s Recap!
Directions: Given the following criteria, complete the matrix below for the diffrent types
of research instruments.

CRITERION INTERVIEW OBSERVATION SURVEYS

1. Definition

2. Main
Characteristics

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3. Stength

4. Limitation

Research Instruments
Research instruments can be broadly classified as researcher completed and
participant completed.
A researcher completed instrument is an instrument where the researcher supplies
the necessary data on the information needed. An example of researcher completed
intrument is a rating scale, an instrument where participants rate the items being asked,
usually from a scale of 1 to 5 as 5 being the highest. This is commonly used in
quantitative research.
Note: This type of reserach instrument is the one that you are doing. You are the
one crafting the instruments and the respondents will supplies the answers based on
the options given. Again you provided the choices of their answer.

Prepared by: Joan V. Rosales, LPT

Note: As you can see in the given examples, questions or statemenst are already

Prepared by: Joan V. Rosales, LPT

presented by the researchers to the target respondenst and let them decide which among
the options, 4,3,2, or 1 will correspond their answer.

Particpant-completed instruments are designed in such way the partcipants of the

study give the needed data or information.
Examples:
Danilo is conducting a study about knowing the students insights about the
implementation of the K12 program among Senior High School Students in order to
answer this, Danilo crafted an open ended questionnaires for his respondents. It
contains the following.
1. What is your ideas about the implemantation of K12 program?
________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
.
2. What are the advantages of having K12 program?
________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

3. What are the disadvantages of having K12 program?

_____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
.

Note: Notice that answers might varies since the answers will directly coming from
the target respondents. This is intended for qualitative research.

TASK II. C

Prepared by: Joan V. Rosales, LPT

Directions: In connection with the problem given below which is also connected with
the previous modules. Out of the situation presented, craft 5 research questions for
researcher-completed instruments and partcipant-completed instrument.
This is the research problem:
Danilo seeks to investigate the relationship between the learning style and its effect to the
academic performance of the Senior High School Students of St. Anne College
particularly the Grade 12 Students. Specifically, he wants to determine which among
learning style is the most utilized by the Grade 12 students and if its affect the academic
performance of the students. All in all there are 43 ABM students, 86 HE students, 58
HUMSS students, 13 ICT and 80 STEM students.

5 Questions for researcher-completed instruments.

1. _________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________

5 Questions for participant-completed instruments.

4. _________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________
6. __________________________________________________________________

Technical Qualities of Research Instrument

Validity it is important that research instruments should be able to correctly and
accurately measure what it intends to measure. Establishing the validity of a research
instrument is crucial in the instrumentation satge.
It is not possible to have a 100% error-free in research instrument. The researcher
must be certain that the instrument is valid so that the quality of data obtained from the
administration of the instrument can be treated with confidence or high degree of
certainty.
Realiability an equally important technical quality of a research which refers to the
consistency of measurement results and the extent to which they are accuarte, error-free
and stable.

It is important to consider the reliabilty and validity when you are creating your
research design, planning your methods, and writing up your results, especially in
quantitative research.

Evaluating Evidence of Validity and Reliability

 Is there strong evidence that his instrument measures the variable being investigated.
 Is there evidence that all relevant aspects or domains of the varible being invetigated

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 were measured by the instrument.
 Is there evidence that the instrument measures the variable consistently
 If the instrument is a questionnaire that must be ready by research participants,
should the readability level be reported?
 What information about the reading comprehension level of the sample is provided?
 Is there evidence that the instrument is appropriate for the sample and setting?

TASK II. D.
Directions: Read and analyze the questions given below. The answer it using two to
three sentences only. Each answer is good for 5 points.
1. As a researcher why does achieving a 100% error free in research instrument is not
possible?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________.

2. As a researchers, what are the factors that may affect validity and reliability of the
research instrument?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________.

Lesson IV. Survey as a Data Collection Tool

For non experimental research designs where there are no manipulation of the
treatment variable and no employment of intervention, the best source of data is to
administer some form of a questionnaire. A questionnaire that serves as a tool in
obtaining relevant information from the partcipant is called a survey.
Survey is the most appropriate tool in collecting information regardless of whether
the non experimental quantitative research design is descriptive, predictive, or
explanatory. A survey is also very apt in obtaining data on past eg. Retrospective,
collecting infromation at single point in time eg. Cross sectionals, and acquring data
across time eg. Longitudinal.
Doing a survey is one of the most effective ways of getting information in a wide
variety of topics or issues. More often than not, survey results are equated with opininon

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polls. You might have experienced being asked about your opininon or preference on
certain consumer products. You have probably been asked about the brand of toothpaste,
shampoo or soap you use. You might be familiar with people going around your
neighborhood asking TV program or channels you usually watch. These kinds of
information are asked to a large population so that trends or preferences about consumer
service providers and manufacturers. Similarly, your preferences of TV programs or
channels are important for the TV executives and producers. These data will guide their
decisions and planning for better programs as well as inform advertisers on the number
of people watching a particular TV program.

Here are the few more examples on the use of sureys.

 The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), a government
agency, conducts surveys to determine the needs of street children so that proper
programs can be planned and implemented.
 The Social Weather Station, a nonprofit and non partisan organization, periodically
conducts a surveys on issues that are mostly political eg.. your preferred presidential,
senatorial, or congressional.
 Magazines conduct their own surveys to find out what sections in the magazines are
mostly read.
 Restaurant administer customer feedback in the form of a survey about the quality of
their service and food.
TASK III. Conduct a Survey
Directions: Using the questions presented here, ask one to two member of your family
age 18 above to act as respondents of the study. Then, ask another member of your
family to take a photo of you while conducting a survey.

Belief Statement on Happiness Not True True Tru Very

true to a to a e True
limite certain
d extent
extend
1. I am satisfied with my life
right now.
2. I have very few regrets.
3. If I have to live my life all
over again, I still choose to be
me.
4. I stand my decision and take
responsibility for it.
5. I seek my own happiness and
not depend on others to be

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haappy.

Attach your pictures here as proof that you conduct the survey. Also the result of the
survey. Reminders that your respondents have to put a check mark on the necessary
options they choose as their answers.

Prepared by: Joan V. Rosales, LPT