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HERBAL COSMETICS:BLEACHING AGENTS

TURMERIC
Synonyms: Saffron Indian, haldi (Hindi); Haridra, Curcuma; Rhizoma curcumae.
Biological Source
Turmeric consists of fresh as well as the dried rhizome of Curcuma longa Linn. (syn. C.
domestica Valeton), belonging to family Zingiberaceae.
Geographical Source
The plant is a native to southern Asia and is cultivated extensively in temperate regions. It is
grown on a larger scale in India, China, East Indies, Pakistan, and Malaya.
Macroscopy
Colour: yellowish brown
Odour: characteristic
Taste: lightly bitter
Shape: cylindrical and oblong
Size: 5-10 cm length, 2-4 width
Extra features: root scars and annulations are present. Fracture is horny and internal surface is
orange
Chemical Constituents
Turmeric contains yellow colouring matter called as curcuminoids (5%) and essential oil
(6%). The chief constituent of the colouring matter is curcumin I (60%) in addition with
small quantities of curcumin III, curcumin II and dihydrocurcumin. The volatile oil contains
mono- and sesquiterpenes like zingiberene (25%), α phellandrene, sabinene, turmerone,
arturmerone, borneol, and cineole.
Uses
Antiseptic , anti-inflammatory, antitioxidant
Natural bleaching agent, lighten the skin
Externally, it is used in the form of a cream to improve complexion
The natural skin-bleaching properties of lemon and turmeric make it a powerful
boosting combination.
It is also used for prevention, treatment or control of psoriasis and other skin
conditions such as acne, wounds, burns, eczema, sun damage to the skin and
premature aging.
spice, colouring agent for ointments

BENCY BABY T, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY, ALSHIFA COLLEGE OF PHARMACYPage 1


HERBAL COSMETICS:BLEACHING AGENTS

Common household remedy for cold and cough.

LEMON
Botanical source
Lemon is the fruit of Citrus limon (L.) Burm., a small tree of the family Rutaceae.
Geographical source
Lemons are widely cultivated in many countries of the world including Africa, the
Mediterranean countries, Australia, many European and North and South American
countries.
Macroscopical characters
The whole fruit is ovoid or obovoid in shape, 6 to 10 cm long, 4 to 7 cm wide with a nipple-
shaped apex. It has 8 to 10 loculi, each of which is completely filled with juice filled small
outgrowths from the inner epidermis of the outer pericarp wall and from the placenta. The
pulp has an agreeable strongly acidulous taste. The lemon peel occurs in small strips, about 2
cm wide and 3 mm thick, upper surface pale yellow and rough with numerous large oil
glands immediately below the narrow epidermis. It possesses a strong characteristic odour
and an aromatic bitter taste. Fresh lemons yield about 30 percent of juice, which is a turbid
yellowish liquid with an appealing odour and acid taste.
Constituents
The constituents of the lemon peel include volatile oil, hesperidin and vitamin B. The
important constituents of the volatile oil are limonene (90%), citronellal, geranyl acetate. The
chief constituent of the Juice is 6 to 9 percent citric acid and also Vitamin C.
Uses
Cosmetic preparations containing Lemon extract used for the treatment of
hyperpigmentation.
Used as a skin lighter in cosmetic preparation.
Free radical scavenging activity due to antioxidant vitamin C, which helps keep skin
even-toned and helps boost the body’s immune system.
Used in antidandruff shampoos
Lemon oil, extracted from the fruit-peel, is used as a flavoring agent.

BENCY BABY T, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY, ALSHIFA COLLEGE OF PHARMACYPage 2


HERBAL COSMETICS:BLEACHING AGENTS

Marketed Product: It is one of the ingredients of the preparations known as Garnier Light
Complete brightening face cream, Protein shampoo (Himalaya Drug Company), Panch
Nimba churna (Zaipa Pharmaceuticals), and Ultra Doux conditioner (Garnier).

BENCY BABY T, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY, ALSHIFA COLLEGE OF PHARMACYPage 3

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