Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
2 November 2015
Junya KIKUHARA
JICA Expert team
1
Contents of Presentation
3
Overview of EPR-What is it?
4
EPR as “shared responsibility”
5
Why shared responsibility is pivotal?
11
What is “Financial” responsibility?
17
Pros and cons of IRR and CPR
Each stakeholder has shared responsibility from the discharge of used home 20
appliances to its recycling.
Some features
• Individual consumers shoulder the collection and recycling
fee at the time of discharge (consumers have financial
responsibility) .
• Manufacturers are physically required to take back E-
waste (secondary logistics onwards) and recycle the
collected E-waste to fulfill their legal obligation
(manufacturers have physical responsibility).
• All movement of E-waste is accompanied by
manifest(Recycling ticket) and it is managed one manifest
per item by brands.
• There is Designated body established for handling the
wastes whose brand is no longer existed in the market
21
Manifest -managed by brand-
Name of item
Brand base management= generator
selects the brand(Sony, Panasonic,
Toshiba, etc and others 22
Denmark
Consumers Municipalities
purchase, use and collection and sorting into
disposal 5 fractions
Collective
Producers PROs
Transport
design, manufacture
coordination and Companies
and retail administration
Material flow
Environmental
Money flow, collective non-brand selective
Protection take back schemes
Agency Flow of information and data, collective
monitoring
Source: The WEEE Directive & Extended Producer responsibility non-brand selective take back schemes
Some features
• Municipality must set up adequately accessible collection system
according to the population density. Thus municipality bears physical and
financial responsibility for collection
• Overall responsible organization, Clearing house(DPA)
– Handling administrative tasks of producer registration
– Receiving annual reports from producers on their EPR compliance
– Reporting relevant data to authority
• Producers must register and are financially responsible for covering cost
of E-waste treatment and do not have much physical responsibility.
• PROs are formed by producers and provide services on their behalf
– Producer registration
– Annual reporting to DPA
– Calculate member producers market share and charge them for treatment cost,
manage the coordination and payment between the municipality collection
points, transporters and waste treatment facilities and report to DPA
– Payment of financial security
• Financial guarantee needs to be paid if producers do not join PROs in
case of bankruptcy or insolvency. 24
Web base registration system
• Municipality
Producer can register online
through DPA web portal
Federal Government
Central Registration
Report
Agency(EAR)
Report
Pickup request
Coordination
Recycler
ICT Milieu
collective PRO
Producers registration and
design, manufacture administration
and retail transport and
treatment of waste
IT & TE
Environmental
Material flow
Assessment
Flow of money, collective non-brand selective take back schemes Agency
monitoring and reporting
Flow of information and data, collective non-brand selective take
to EU
back schemes
30
Source: http://www.weee.nl/en
Some features
• Producers first must register and are responsible for secondary
logistics for the collected E-waste by municipalities to
recycling facilities.
• PRO(Producer Responsibility Organization) is formed by group
of producers and provide services on their behalf
– Producer registration and its registration
– Arrangement for transport and recycling of E-waste
• Producers are financially responsible for covering cost of E-
waste treatment according to the market share.
• Financial guarantee needs to be paid by all producers for
possible bankruptcy or insolvency.
• Municipality must set up adequately accessible collection
system and conduct initial sorting of collecting E-waste 31
Taiwan
Consisting of
Fee Rate Reviewing representatives of
government, academia,
Committee consumer groups,
Decide fee rate and subsidies manufactures, etc.
32
Some features
• Producers bear financial responsibility and pay the
cost for recycling according to the shipped volume
• Subsidy is provided for collection(including
primary) and recycling by the fund management
board (FMB) created under the government
• Strict monitoring on the proper collection and
recycling is conducted by FMB and audited by the
third party
• Independent recycling fee revising committee
established and the members are from public and
private including producers
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Things to consider from policy perspective
in Malaysia
• Producer/importer registration and reporting
– For ensuring no free riders exist in the market
• No producers are allowed for the business unless registration is obtained.
Verification and monitoring is also inevitable
– Reporting the sale/import data is important for market share
identification and E-waste collection and recycling data
• Definition of producer and “put on market(POM)”
– To identify “sales/imported” amount, this is necessary
• Financial guarantee may be necessary
– For tackling cases of bankruptcy or insolvency and for disappearance of
producers from the market
• Producer Responsibility Organization (PRO) may be
necessary in the mechanism
34
– Competition and transparency among collective system is to be ensured
Things to consider from policy perspective
in Malaysia
37