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1. INTRODUCTION:
This document relates to the engineering issues raised in the above
above-mentioned
document. The major concern is the discrepancy between the Engineering
ngineering Plan that
apparently does not support the prediction of 1BCM per year in 25 years time
proposed by the Business
usiness Plan.
It is quite clear that during the time of preparation of the Tender for the NG distribution
network, the Engineering Plan is assumed to be a conceptual design only. At this
stage, it was based on assumptions derived from a survey with the estimations for NG
demands. Hence by definition from an engineering point of view, the design cannot
cann be
accurate at the stage of submission of the Tender.
Tender
Regarding the calculation, the process team carried out the Ashdod PRMS (ASD1) -
local PRS (ASD8) section simulation by Aspen Plus (see Appendix D), which is
considered to be the most accurate way to evaluate the compressible flows.
1) The gas consumption was evaluated based on the future heat demand forecast
based on the lowest HHV reported by INGL (see Appendix C) as 0.0346
MMBTU/Sm3. The 64,000 Sm3/hr is equivalent to 64,000 x 0.0346 = 2214.4
MMBTU/hr.
3) The 40,000 Sm3/hr case for the lower quality gas (the worst hydraulic case) is
attached as well and shows the necessity of the local PRS as the ASD8 pressure is
higher than 7.5 barg. Hence the conclusion, made by GL's expert, that the max flow
will be around 27,000 Sm3/hr is wrong.
Furthermore, as the original customers' gas demand forecast at the end of the 1st
operation decade was estimated at 77,700 Sm3/hr, the proposed network delivers the
60,595 kg/hr of pure CH4 at the temperature of 38oC that actually is equivalent to:
a) 60,595 kg/hr / 0.675 kg/Sm3 (100% CH4, 101325 Pa and 15oC) =89,770 Sm3/hr of
100% CH4. The gas temperature decrease to 15oC has a potential to increase this
capacity to 89,770 x (273.15+38K)/(273.15+15K) = 96,936 Sm3/hr of pure CH4.
b) 60,595 kg/hr x 0.526 MMBTU/kg/[0.0346…0.0395 MMBTU/Sm3– taken from INGL]
= [80,719…92,150] Sm3/hr. As in the item (a), the gas temperature decrease to
15oC has a potential to increase this capacity to
[80,719…92,150] x (273.15+38K)/ (273.15+15K) = [87,162…99,506] Sm3/hr
Page 2 of 21
Considering the average annual operating hours as 7,650 hours / year, the proposed
network can transfer 7,650 hr/year x [87,162…99,506] Sm3/hr = [0.667…0.761] BCM
of gas annually.
Considering the higher Gas Quality, releasing the velocity limit from 20 m/s to 40 m/s
and the lowest end-user pressure from 2 barg to 250 mbarg, the network actual
capacity will be even higher.
The tariff for PRMS with the capacity of 40,000 Sm3/hr, which is mentioned in INGL's
letter, amounts to MNIS 10 while the present tariff is MNIS 8.9 and very similar to the
value which is presented in the Tender documentation as (M$ 2.38 x 3.75 )= MNIS
8.925.
According the price breakdown for the design, purchasing and construction of PRMS,
as published on the NGA's internet web, this price includes all the additional costs that
are mentioned in INGL's letter. Hence the additional amount of MNIS 11-12, as written
in paragraph 2 of that letter, is not clear and seems unnecessary.
It is correct that the PRMS for the distribution network, should be designed and
ordered from the beginning for the largest capacity, while in practice, during the first
period of operation it will be partially erected.
Only in the last few months has the characterization of PRMS for the distribution
network become clear to all parties in the Natural Gas market. However, the effects on
cost considerations are relatively small.
In the afore-mentioned letter from the Tender Committee it was assumed that the
growth of the demands would be uniform for all the sub-regions. Because of this
incorrect assumption a demand of 64,000 Sm3/hr has been taken for the Ashdod sub-
region.
For example, flow rate of 40,000 Sm3/hr in Ashdod reflects an annual demand of 0.3
BCM after 25 years, which corresponds to a total growth of about 150% above the
annual demand after 10 years, as had been calculated in the Engineering plan of the
Tender. Those figures are very reasonable for a well-developed area and are based
on assumptions which are not less reliable than the others.
Page 3 of 21
In the letter of Super NG South dated 5/10/2010 to the Tender Committee, it was
stated that the accumulative flow rate would be 130,870 Sm3/hr for all the 5 sub-
regions connected to 4 PRMSs.
The hydraulic calculations of the same pipe network but based on high quality NG,
pure CH4 at 15oC, corresponding to the 0.676 kg/Sm3 standard density, with
reference conditions of 101325 Pa, 15.5555oC (60oF) and with inlet pressure of
500mbarg to the same end users, gives the following results:
The total additional cost of the above changes in the piping is NIS 567,000. This
budgetary deviation of ~0.5% is negligible and can be compensated by the
contingency. It should be remembered that the distribution system cost estimations
based on conceptual design only. It is very common that during the detailed design
there are large changes in the sizes of the pipes. Changing one commercial size in 8.3
km out of about 158 km in total is trivial and acceptable.
Page 4 of 21
APPENDIX A
Page 5 of 21
Low Quality NG
1 2 4 5 6 7 8 11 13 ASD1 ASD8
P2 ASD7 ASD32 P3 P1
ASD32 ASD32 ASD32 P2 P1 ASD7 ASD7 ASD7 ASD32 P3
VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR
Substream: MIXED
Mole Frac
C1 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92
C2 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
C3 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
I-C4 5.00E-03 5.00E-03 5.00E-03 5.00E-03 5.00E-03 5.00E-03 5.00E-03 5.00E-03 5.00E-03 5.00E-03 5.00E-03
N-C4 5.00E-03 5.00E-03 5.00E-03 5.00E-03 5.00E-03 5.00E-03 5.00E-03 5.00E-03 5.00E-03 5.00E-03 5.00E-03
I-C5 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
N-C5 1.36E-03 1.36E-03 1.36E-03 1.36E-03 1.36E-03 1.36E-03 1.36E-03 1.36E-03 1.36E-03 1.36E-03 1.36E-03
N-C6 1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03
N-C7 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05
N-C8 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05
N-C9 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05
N-C10 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05 1.00E-05
CO2 0.0266 0.0266 0.0266 0.0266 0.0266 0.0266 0.0266 0.0266 0.0266 0.0266 0.0266
N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
H2O 1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03 1.00E-03
Mass Frac
C1 0.798568 0.798568 0.798568 0.798568 0.798568 0.798568 0.798568 0.798568 0.798568 0.798568 0.798568
C2 0.032539 0.032539 0.032539 0.032539 0.032539 0.032539 0.032539 0.032539 0.032539 0.032539 0.032539
C3 0.023859 0.023859 0.023859 0.023859 0.023859 0.023859 0.023859 0.023859 0.023859 0.023859 0.023859
I-C4 0.015724 0.015724 0.015724 0.015724 0.015724 0.015724 0.015724 0.015724 0.015724 0.015724 0.015724
N-C4 0.015724 0.015724 0.015724 0.015724 0.015724 0.015724 0.015724 0.015724 0.015724 0.015724 0.015724
I-C5 0.039038 0.039038 0.039038 0.039038 0.039038 0.039038 0.039038 0.039038 0.039038 0.039038 0.039038
N-C5 5.31E-03 5.31E-03 5.31E-03 5.31E-03 5.31E-03 5.31E-03 5.31E-03 5.31E-03 5.31E-03 5.31E-03 5.31E-03
N-C6 4.66E-03 4.66E-03 4.66E-03 4.66E-03 4.66E-03 4.66E-03 4.66E-03 4.66E-03 4.66E-03 4.66E-03 4.66E-03
N-C7 5.42E-05 5.42E-05 5.42E-05 5.42E-05 5.42E-05 5.42E-05 5.42E-05 5.42E-05 5.42E-05 5.42E-05 5.42E-05
N-C8 6.18E-05 6.18E-05 6.18E-05 6.18E-05 6.18E-05 6.18E-05 6.18E-05 6.18E-05 6.18E-05 6.18E-05 6.18E-05
N-C9 6.94E-05 6.94E-05 6.94E-05 6.94E-05 6.94E-05 6.94E-05 6.94E-05 6.94E-05 6.94E-05 6.94E-05 6.94E-05
N-C10 7.70E-05 7.70E-05 7.70E-05 7.70E-05 7.70E-05 7.70E-05 7.70E-05 7.70E-05 7.70E-05 7.70E-05 7.70E-05
CO2 0.06334 0.06334 0.06334 0.06334 0.06334 0.06334 0.06334 0.06334 0.06334 0.06334 0.06334
N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
H2O 9.75E-04 9.75E-04 9.75E-04 9.75E-04 9.75E-04 9.75E-04 9.75E-04 9.75E-04 9.75E-04 9.75E-04 9.75E-04
Total Flow kmol/hr 59.13779 88.03035 1284.612 1284.612 2470.452 142.2445 113.3519 1029.016 1038.672 2470.452 1029.016
Total Flow kg/hr 1093 1627 23742.54 23742.54 45659.54 2629 2095 19018.54 19197 45659.54 19018.54
Total Flow cum/hr 129.8874 193.3456 2821.46 4679.749 5425.98 518.1865 412.9329 3748.63 2281.288 3299.714 5331.818
Temperature C 10.99287 10.99287 10.99287 8.426937 10.99287 8.426937 8.426937 8.426937 10.99287 15 7.244853
Pressure barg 9.386808 9.386808 9.386808 5.280341 9.386808 5.280341 5.280341 5.280341 9.386808 16 3.419572
Vapor Frac 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Liquid Frac 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Solid Frac 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Enthalpy kJ/kmol -85982.9 -85982.9 -85982.9 -85982.9 -85982.9 -85982.9 -85982.9 -85982.9 -85982.9 -85982.9 -85982.9
Enthalpy kJ/kg -4652.18 -4652.18 -4652.18 -4652.18 -4652.18 -4652.18 -4652.18 -4652.18 -4652.18 -4652.18 -4652.18
Enthalpy kW -1412.46 -2102.53 -30681.9 -30681.9 -59004.6 -3397.39 -2707.31 -24577.2 -24807.8 -59004.6 -24577.2
Entropy kJ/kmol-K -108.211 -108.211 -108.211 -104.145 -108.211 -104.145 -104.145 -104.145 -108.211 -112.132 -101.282
Entropy kJ/kg-K -5.85485 -5.85485 -5.85485 -5.63487 -5.85485 -5.63487 -5.63487 -5.63487 -5.85485 -6.06702 -5.47997
Density kmol/cum 0.455301 0.455301 0.455301 0.274505 0.455301 0.274505 0.274505 0.274505 0.455301 0.748687 0.192995
Density kg/cum 8.414984 8.414984 8.414984 5.073463 8.414984 5.073463 5.073463 5.073463 8.414984 13.83742 3.566989
Average MW 18.48226 18.48226 18.48226 18.48226 18.48226 18.48226 18.48226 18.48226 18.48226 18.48226 18.48226
Liq Vol 60F cum/hr 3.296862 4.907589 71.61561 71.61561 137.7248 7.929963 6.319237 57.36641 57.90472 137.7248 57.36641
*** ALL PHASES ***
QVALGRS MMBtu/lb 0.021998 0.021998 0.021998 0.021998 0.021998 0.021998 0.021998 0.021998 0.021998 0.021998 0.021998
QVALNET MMBtu/lb 0.019884 0.019884 0.019884 0.019884 0.019884 0.019884 0.019884 0.019884 0.019884 0.019884 0.019884
Total Flow ncmh 1325.491 1973.078 28792.8 28792.8 55371.75 3188.213 2540.626 23063.96 23280.38 55371.75 23063.96
*** VAPOR PHASE ***
ZMX 0.966882 0.966882 0.966882 0.97932 0.966882 0.97932 0.97932 0.97932 0.966882 0.948509 0.985227
CPCVMX 1.326914 1.326914 1.326914 1.311627 1.326914 1.311627 1.311627 1.311627 1.326914 1.35157 1.304726
Density kg/cum 8.414984 8.414984 8.414984 5.073463 8.414984 5.073463 5.073463 5.073463 8.414984 13.83742 3.566989
MUMX cP 0.010859 0.010859 0.010859 0.0107 0.010859 0.0107 0.0107 0.0107 0.010859 0.011122 0.010628
CPMX kJ/kg-K 2.103173 2.103173 2.103173 2.066787 2.103173 2.066787 2.066787 2.066787 2.103173 2.162197 2.050405
KMX Watt/m-K 0.030162 0.030162 0.030162 0.029819 0.030162 0.029819 0.029819 0.029819 0.030162 0.030701 0.029661
TDEW C -4.39013 -4.39013 -4.39013 -10.4094 -4.39012 -10.4094 -10.4094 -10.4094 -4.39013 1.157764 -14.6077
THYDRATE C 0.103431 0.103431 0.103431 -7.63493 0.103431 -7.63493 -7.63493 -7.63493 0.103431 4.380542 -19.8053
Page 6 of 21
APPENDIX B
Page 7 of 21
High Quality NG
1 2 4 5 6 7 8 11 13 ASD1 ASD8
P2 ASD7 ASD32 P3 P1
ASD32 ASD32 ASD32 P2 P1 ASD7 ASD7 ASD7 ASD32 P3
VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR VAPOR
Substream: MIXED
Mole Frac
C1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
C2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
C3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I-C4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N-C4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I-C5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N-C5 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
N-C6 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
N-C7 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
N-C8 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
N-C9 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
N-C10 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
CO2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
H2O 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
Mass Frac
C1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
C2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
C3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I-C4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N-C4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I-C5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N-C5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N-C6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N-C7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N-C8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N-C9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N-C10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
CO2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
H2O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Flow kmol/hr 68.13042 101.4165 1257.097 1257.097 2623.258 163.8745 130.5885 962.6339 1196.615 2623.258 962.6339
Total Flow kg/hr 1093 1627 20167.3 20167.3 42084.3 2629 2095 15443.3 19197 42084.3 15443.3
Total Flow cum/hr 149.6156 222.7123 2760.607 4007.136 5760.722 522.3683 416.2653 3068.502 2627.787 3541.919 3650.304
Temperature C 11.53665 11.53665 11.53665 9.761019 11.53665 9.761019 9.761019 9.761019 11.53665 15 9.125069
Pressure barg 9.477722 9.477722 9.477722 6.22677 9.477722 6.22677 6.22677 6.22677 9.477722 16 5.076836
Vapor Frac 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Liquid Frac 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Solid Frac 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Enthalpy kJ/kmol -75202.4 -75202.4 -75202.4 -75202.4 -75202.4 -75202.4 -75202.4 -75202.4 -75202.4 -75202.4 -75202.4
Enthalpy kJ/kg -4687.62 -4687.62 -4687.62 -4687.62 -4687.62 -4687.62 -4687.62 -4687.62 -4687.62 -4687.62 -4687.62
Enthalpy kW -1423.21 -2118.54 -26260.2 -26260.2 -54798.7 -3423.26 -2727.93 -20109 -24996.7 -54798.7 -20109
Entropy kJ/kmol-K -102.166 -102.166 -102.166 -99.1515 -102.166 -99.1515 -99.1515 -99.1515 -102.166 -106.051 -97.7385
Entropy kJ/kg-K -6.36833 -6.36833 -6.36833 -6.18045 -6.36833 -6.18045 -6.18045 -6.18045 -6.36833 -6.61051 -6.09237
Density kmol/cum 0.45537 0.45537 0.45537 0.313715 0.45537 0.313715 0.313715 0.313715 0.45537 0.740632 0.263713
Density kg/cum 7.305388 7.305388 7.305388 5.032848 7.305388 5.032848 5.032848 5.032848 7.305388 11.88178 4.23069
Average MW 16.04276 16.04276 16.04276 16.04276 16.04276 16.04276 16.04276 16.04276 16.04276 16.04276 16.04276
Liq Vol 60F cum/hr 3.648915 5.431643 67.32735 67.32735 140.4959 8.77676 6.994033 51.55655 64.08804 140.4959 51.55655
*** ALL PHASES ***
QVALGRS MMBtu/lb 0.023867 0.023867 0.023867 0.023867 0.023867 0.023867 0.023867 0.023867 0.023867 0.023867 0.023867
QVALNET MMBtu/lb 0.021509 0.021509 0.021509 0.021509 0.021509 0.021509 0.021509 0.021509 0.021509 0.021509 0.021509
Total Flow ncmh 1527.049 2273.109 28176.08 28176.08 58796.7 3673.021 2926.96 21576.1 26820.45 58796.7 21576.1
*** VAPOR PHASE ***
ZMX 0.973324 0.973324 0.973324 0.981133 0.973324 0.981133 0.981133 0.981133 0.973324 0.958824 0.983992
CPCVMX 1.346726 1.346726 1.346726 1.33593 1.346726 1.33593 1.33593 1.33593 1.346726 1.368221 1.332104
Density kg/cum 7.305388 7.305388 7.305388 5.032848 7.305388 5.032848 5.032848 5.032848 7.305388 11.88178 4.23069
MUMX cP 0.010917 0.010917 0.010917 0.010807 0.010917 0.010807 0.010807 0.010807 0.010917 0.01114 0.010768
CPMX kJ/kg-K 2.267308 2.267308 2.267308 2.240945 2.267308 2.240945 2.240945 2.240945 2.267308 2.320166 2.231628
KMX Watt/m-K 0.032309 0.032309 0.032309 0.032064 0.032309 0.032064 0.032064 0.032064 0.032309 0.032788 0.031977
TDEW C -123.186 -123.186 -123.186 -130.965 -123.186 -130.965 -130.965 -130.965 -123.186 -111.757 -134.331
THYDRATE C -3.15 -3.15 -3.15 -3.15 -3.15 -3.15 -3.15 -3.15 -3.15 -3.15 -19.6319
Page 8 of 21
APPENDIX C
Page 9 of 21
Page 10 of 21
Page 11 of 21
Page 12 of 21
APPENDIX D
Page 13 of 21
40,000 Sm3/hr Low Quality NG
Page 14 of 21
64,000 Sm3/hr Low Quality NG
Page 15 of 21
64,000 Sm3/hr High Quality NG
Page 16 of 21
APPENDIX E
Page 17 of 21
Page 18 of 21
Page 19 of 21
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