ETV Block 9 (Pressure)

www.hilti.in PROFIS Anchor Channel 1.6.
9
Company: Uniglaze Page: 1
Specifier: Mr. Manikannan Project: ETV block 9
Address: Bangalore Fastening point: Wind Pressure
Phone | Fax: | Location | Date: 07-11-2019
E-Mail:
Specifier's comments:
1 Input data
Channel type HAC-C 50/30 250 F
bolt HBC-50/30 8.8F, M12 x 50 mm
Effective embedment depth hef = 94 mm
Channel specification Length: 250 mm, anchor spacing: 200 mm, projection: 25 mm,
width: bch = 49 mm, height: hch = 30 mm
Material Anchor & Channel: hot-dip galvanized
Channel bolt: hot-dip galvanized
Europ. Tech. Assessment (ETA) ETA-17/0336
Issued I Valid 11-Jul-17 | -
Standard EN 1992-4
Base material uncracked, C30/37, fck,cylinder = 30.0 N/mm2, h = 250 mm
Reinforcement Exist. Reinf.: Closely spaced
No edge reinf. present
Reinf. to control splitting not present
Tolerance data tolerance interval: -200 mm/200 mm
most unfavorable tolerance: -30 mm
2 Overall Result
Design ok! (Maximum utilization: 91%)
IMPORTANT! Failure analysis modes evaluated by PROFIS follow EOTA TR 047/EN 1992-4. This DOES NOT include
evaluating the base material (e.g. edge-of-slab) capacity to resist compressive forces generated by the fixture. The engineer
must ALWAYS verify the base material (e.g. edge-of-slab) design is capable of resisting the applied loading.
Compressive forces generated by the fixture = 20.307 kN
Input data and results must be checked for agreement with the existing conditions and for plausibility!
PROFIS Anchor Channel © 2010 Hilti AG, FL-9494 Schaan Hilti is a registered Trademark of Hilti AG, Schaan
www.hilti.in PROFIS Anchor Channel 1.6.9
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3 Geometry
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3.1 Fixtures/Channel bolt groups
Fixture 1
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4 Load case / Resulting bolt forces

Load case: Design load
4.1 Load distribution

4.1.1 Fixture 1: bolt: HBC-50/30 8.8F, M12 x 50 mm
Profile: ; L x W x T = 200 x 8 x 0 mm
Standoff: No standoff
Plate dimensions: 200 mm x 225 mm x 8 mm
Anchorplate design calculated: no
Bolt N [kN] V [kN] Vx [kN] Vy [kN]
1.1 8.512 5.427 0.000 -5.427
1.2 8.512 5.427 0.000 -5.427 1.1 1.2
Tension
max. concrete compressive strain: 0.24 [‰]

max. concrete compressive stress: 8.1 [N/mm2]
Compression
resulting tension force in (x/y)=(100.0/125.0): 17.024 [kN]
resulting compression force in (x/y)=(100.0/58.4): 20.307 [kN]
Anchor forces are calculated based on the assumption of a rigid anchor plate.
4.2 Derivation of forces acting on anchor channels

NaEd,i = k · A'i · NEd [kN]
A'i Ordinate at the position of the anchor i of the loadtriangle with load N and the base length
2li
1
k = n
'
SAi
1
li = 13 · I0.05
y · s0.5 » 317 [mm] ≥ s
Iy = 53652 [mm4]
s = 200 [mm]
VaEd,i = k · A'i · VEd [kN]
MEd,y,max = 0.358 [kNm]
hef = 94
a1 a2
25 200 25
Fixture bolt group
Anchor forces [kN]
Anchor N [kN] V [kN]
a1 9.689 -6.177
a2 7.335 -4.676
E-Mail:
5 Verifications
5.1 Verifications for anchor channels under tension loading
Load [kN], [kNm] Resistance [kN], [kNm] Utilization [%] Status
Anchor 9.689 17.222 57 ok
Connection anchor-channel 9.689 17.222 57 ok
Channel lip 8.512 20.000 43 ok
Channel bolt 8.512 23.600 37 ok
Flexure channel 0.358 1.812 20 ok
Pull-out 9.689 49.560 20 ok
Concrete cone 9.689 18.134 54 ok
Concrete splitting 9.689 22.621 43 ok
Concrete blow-out N/A N/A N/A N/A
Suppl. reinf. - steel N/A N/A N/A N/A
Suppl. reinf. - anchorage N/A N/A N/A N/A
5.1.1 Steel failure (EN 1992-4 section 7.4.1.3)

5.1.1.1 Anchor (Anchor a1, Channel a)
NRk,s,a
NaEd ≤ NRd,s,a =
gMs
NaEd [kN] NRk,s,a [kN] gMs NRd,s,a [kN]

9.689 31.000 1.800 17.222
5.1.1.2 Connection between anchor and channel (Anchor a1, Channel a)

NRk,s,c
NaEd ≤ NRd,s,c =
gMs,ca
NaEd [kN] NRk,s,c [kN] gMs,ca NRd,s,c [kN]

9.689 31.000 1.800 17.222
5.1.1.3 Local flexure of channel lip (Fixture 1, Channel bolt 1.1, Channel a)
NRk,s,l
Ncb
Ed ≤ NRd,s,l =
gMs,l
NRk,s,l = N0Rk,s,l · y l,N
y l,N = 0.5 · 1 + ( scbo

sl,N )
≤ 1.0
scbo [mm] sl,N [mm] y l,N

140 98 1.000
Ncb
Ed [kN] N0Rk,s,l [kN] NRk,s,l [kN] gMs,l NRd,s,l [kN]
8.512 36.000 36.000 1.800 20.000
E-Mail:
5.1.1.4 Channel bolt (Fixture 1, Channel bolt 1.1, Channel a)
NRk,s
Ncb
Ed ≤ NRd,s =
gMs
Ncb
Ed [kN] NRk,s [kN] gMs NRd,s [kN]
8.512 35.400 1.500 23.600
5.1.1.5 Flexure of channel (Channel a)

MRk,s,flex
Mch
Ed ≤ MRd,s,flex =
gMs,flex
Mch
Ed [kNm] MRk,s,flex [kNm] gMs,flex MRd,s,flex [kNm]
0.358 2.084 1.150 1.812
5.1.2 Pull-out failure (Anchor a1, Channel a) (EN 1992-4 section 7.4.1.4)
NRk,p
NaEd ≤ NRd,p =
gMp
NRk,p = k2 · Ah · fck
Ah [mm2]
236
NaEd [kN] k2 fck [N/mm2] NRk,p [kN] gMp NRd,p [kN]
9.689 10.5 30.0 74.340 1.500 49.560
E-Mail:
5.1.3 Concrete cone (Anchor a1, Channel a) (EN 1992-4 section 7.4.1.5)
NRk,c
NaEd ≤ NRd,c =
gMc
NRk,c = N0Rk,c · y ch,s,N · y ch,e,N · y ch,c,N,1 · y ch,c,N,2 · y re,N
N0Rk,c = k1 · √fck · h1.5
ef
1
y ch,s,N = ≤ 1.0
nch,N
S[(1 - s ) ]
1.5
si N
1+ · i
cr,N N0
i=1
scr,N (
= 2 · 2.8 - 1.3 ·
hef
180 )
· hef ≥ 3 · hef
0.5
y ch,e,N = (cc ) 1
cr,N
≤ 1.0
ccr,N (
= 0.5 · scr,N = 2.8 - 1.3 ·
hef
180 )
· hef ≥ 1.5 · hef
0.5
y ch,c,N,1 = (cc ) 2,1
cr,N
≤ 1.0
0.5
y ch,c,N,2 = (cc ) 2,2
cr,N
≤ 1.0
hef
y re,N = 0.5 + ≤ 1.0
200
k1 fck [N/mm2] hef [mm] N0Rk,c [kN]

11.6 30.0 94 57.904
s [mm] scr,N [mm] y ch,s,N c1 [mm] ccr,N [mm] y ch,e,N
200 399 0.790 75 199 0.613
c2,1 [mm] c2,2 [mm] y ch,c,N,1 y ch,c,N,2 y re,N
- - 1.000 1.000 0.970
NaEd [kN] NRk,c [kN] gMc NRd,c [kN]
9.689 27.202 1.500 18.134
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5.1.4 Concrete splitting (Anchor a1, Channel a), concrete cone relevant (EN 1992-4 section 7.4.1.6)
NRk,sp
NaEd ≤ NRd,sp =
gMsp
NRk,sp = N0Rk · y ch,s,N · y ch,e,N · y ch,c,N,1 · y ch,c,N,2 · y re,N · y h,sp
N0Rk = min(NRk,p, N0Rk,c) = Min(74.340, 57.904) = N0Rk,c
1
y ch,s,N = ≤ 1.0
nch,N
S[(1 - s ) ]
1.5
si N
1+ · i
cr,sp N0
i=1
scr,sp = 2 · ccr,sp
0.5
y ch,e,N = (c c )1
cr,sp
≤ 1.0
0.5
y ch,c,N,1 = ( )
c2,1
ccr,sp
≤ 1.0
0.5
y ch,c,N,2 = (cc )2,2
cr,sp
≤ 1.0
hef
y re,N = 0.5 + ≤ 1.0
200
( (h ) ) ≤ 2.0
2/3 2/3
y h,sp = (hh )min
≤ max 1.0 ; ef + ccr,sp
hmin
N0Rk [kN] s [mm] scr,sp [mm] y ch,s,N c1 [mm] ccr,sp [mm] y ch,e,N
57.904 200 564 0.718 75 282 0.516
- - 1.000 1.000 0.970
h [mm] hmin [mm] y h,sp
250 120 1.631
NaEd [kN] NRk,sp [kN] gMsp NRd,sp [kN]
9.689 33.931 1.500 22.621
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5.2 Verifications for anchor channels under shear loading
Load [kN], [kNm] Resistance [kN], [kNm] Utilization [%] Status
Channel bolt w/o lever arm 5.427 26.960 21 ok
Flexure channel lip w/o lever arm - 5.427 20.000 28 ok
perpendicular
Flexure channel lip w/o lever arm - N/A N/A N/A N/A
longitudinal
Channel bolt with lever arm N/A N/A N/A N/A
Flexure of channel lip w/ lever arm N/A N/A N/A N/A
Anchor - perpendicular 6.177 17.222 36 ok
Anchor - longitudinal N/A N/A N/A N/A
Connection anchor/channel - 6.177 17.222 36 ok
perpendicular
Connection anchor/channel - N/A N/A N/A N/A
longitudinal
Concrete pryout, perpendicular 6.177 36.269 18 ok
Concrete pryout, longitudinal N/A N/A N/A N/A
Concrete edge - perpendicular 6.177 9.582 65 ok
Concrete edge - longitudinal N/A N/A N/A N/A
Suppl. reinf. steel - perpendicular N/A N/A N/A N/A
Suppl. reinf. anchorage - N/A N/A N/A N/A
perpendicular
Suppl. reinf. steel - longitudinal N/A N/A N/A N/A
Suppl. reinf. anchorage - longitudinal N/A N/A N/A N/A
5.2.1 Steel failure (EN 1992-4 section 7.4.2.3)

5.2.1.1 Channel bolt - shear perpendicular and/or longitudinal w/o lever arm (Fixture 1, Channel bolt 1.1, Channel a) (EN
1992-4 section 7.4.2.3, Hilti method based on CEN-TR section 7.2.2.2.1)
VRk,s
Vcb
Ed ≤ VRd,s =
gMs
Ed = √(VEd,y) + (VEd,x)
2 2
Vcb cb cb
Vcb
Ed [kN] Vcb
Ed,y [kN] Vcb
Ed,x [kN] VRk,s [kN] gMs VRd,s [kN]
5.427 5.427 0.000 33.700 1.250 26.960
E-Mail:
5.2.1.2 Local flexure of channel lip - shear perpendicular w/o lever arm (Fixture 1, Channel bolt 1.1, Channel a) (EN 1992-4
section 7.4.2.3)
VRk,s,l,y
Vcb
Ed,y ≤ VRd,s,l,y =
gMs,l
VRk,s,l,y = V0Rk,s,l,y · y l,V
y l,V = 0.5 · 1 +( scbo

sl,V,y )
≤ 1.0
scbo [mm] sl,V,y [mm] y l,V

140 98 1.000
Vcb
Ed,y [kN] V0Rk,s,l,y [kN] VRk,s,l,y [kN] gMs,l VRd,s,l,y [kN]
5.427 40.300 40.300 1.800 20.000
5.2.1.3 Anchor - shear perpendicular (Anchor a1, Channel a) (EN 1992-4 section 7.4.2.3)
VRk,s,a,y
VaEd,y ≤ VRd,s,a,y =
gMs
VaEd,y [kN] VRk,s,a,y [kN] gMs VRd,s,a,y [kN]

6.177 40.300 1.500 17.222
5.2.1.4 Connection between anchor and channel - shear perpendicular (Anchor a1, Channel a) (EN 1992-4 section 7.4.2.3)
VRk,s,c,y
VaEd,y ≤ VRd,s,c,y =
gMs,ca
VaEd,y [kN] VRk,s,c,y [kN] gMs,ca VRd,s,c,y [kN]

6.177 40.300 1.800 17.222
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5.2.2 Concrete pry-out failure - shear perpendicular (Anchor a1, Channel a) (EN 1992-4 section 7.4.2.4)
VRk,cp,y
VaEd,y ≤ VRd,cp,y =
gMc
VRk,cp,y = k8 · NRk,c
NRk,c = N0Rk,c · y ch,s,N · y ch,e,N · y ch,c,N,1 · y ch,c,N,2 · y re,N
N0Rk,c = k1 · √fck · h1.5
ef
1
y ch,s,N = ≤ 1.0
nch,N
S[(1 - s ) ]
1.5
si V
1+ · i
cr,N V0
i=1
scr,N (
= 2 · 2.8 - 1.3 ·
hef
180 )
· hef ≥ 3 · hef
0.5
y ch,e,N = (cc )
cr,N
1
≤ 1.0
ccr,N (
= 0.5 · scr,N = 2.8 - 1.3 ·
hef
180 )
· hef ≥ 1.5· hef
0.5
y ch,c,N,1 = (cc )
2,1
cr,N
≤ 1.0
0.5
y ch,c,N,2 = (cc )
2,2
cr,N
≤ 1.0
hef
y re,N = 0.5 + ≤ 1.0
200
k1 fck [N/mm2] hef [mm] N0Rk,c [kN]

11.6 30.0 94 57.904
s [mm] scr,N [mm] y ch,s,N c1 [mm] ccr,N [mm] y ch,e,N
200 399 0.790 75 199 0.613
- - 1.000 1.000 0.970
VaEd,y [kN] k8 NRk,c [kN] VRk,cp,y [kN] gMc VRd,cp,y [kN]
6.177 2.0 27.202 54.403 1.500 36.269
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5.2.3 Concrete edge failure - shear perpendicular, direction y- (Anchor a1, Channel a) (EN 1992-4 section 7.4.2.5)
VRk,c,y
VaEd,y ≤ VRd,c,y =
gMc
VRk,c = V0Rk,c · y ch,s,V · y ch,c,V,1 · y ch,c,V,2 · y ch,h,V · y ch,90°,V · y re,V
V0Rk,c = k12 · √fck · c4/3
1
1
y ch,s,V = ≤ 1.0
nch,V
S[(1 - s ) ]
1.5
si V
1+ · i
cr,V V0
i=1
scr,V = 4 · c1 + 2 · bch
0.5
y ch,c,V,1 = (cc )
2,1
cr,V
≤ 1.0
0.5
y ch,c,V,2 = ( )
c2,2
ccr,V
≤ 1.0
ccr,V = 0.5 · scr,V = 2 · c1 + bch

0.5
y ch,h,V = h
h
( )
cr,V
≤ 1.0
hcr,V = 2 · c1 + 2 · hch
k12 fck [N/mm2] c1 [mm] V0Rk,c [kN]

10.5 30.0 75 18.190
s [mm] scr,V [mm] y ch,s,V
200 398 0.790
c2,1 [mm] c2,2 [mm] ccr,V [mm] y ch,c,V,1 y ch,c,V,2
- - 199 1.000 1.000
h [mm] hcr,V [mm] y ch,h,V y ch,90°,V y re,V
250 210 1.000 1.000 1.000
VaEd,y [kN] VRk,c,y [kN] gMc VRd,c,y [kN]
6.177 14.372 1.500 9.582
E-Mail:
5.3 Combined tension and shear loads ( EN 1992-4 section 8.3.3, Hilti method based on CEN-TR section 7.3)
Proof of interaction performed independently for steel failure of channel bolt, steel failure of the channel and concrete failure
5.3.1 Channel bolt (Fixture 1, Channel bolt 1.1)
2 2
(NN ) + (√V V + V ) ≤ 1.000

cb cb 2 cb 2
Ed Ed,y Ed,x
bN+V,s =
Rd,s,cb Rd,s,cb
2
=( ) = 0.13009
cb
N Ed
bN,s
N Rd,s,cb
2
=( ) = 0.04051
√V cb 2
+V
Ed,y
cb 2
Ed,x
bV,s
V Rd,s,cb
bN+V,s = (0.13009) + (0.04051) = 0.17061 ≤ 1.000

(Utilization : 18%)
5.3.2 Point of load application - channel lip (Fixture 1, Channel bolt 1.1)
k71 k71 k71
(NN ; MM ) + (VV ) ≤ (1.0 - (VV ))

cb ch cb cb
Ed Ed Ed,y Ed,x
bN+V,la,c = max
Rd,s,l Rd,s,flex Rd,s,l,y Rd,s,l,x
2.0
= max ( ) = 0.18114
cb ch
N M
Ed Ed
bN,la,c ;
N M
Rd,s,l Rd,s,flex
2.0
=( ) = 0.07362
cb
V Ed,y
bV,la,c,y
V Rd,s,l,y
2.0
= (1.0 - ( )) = 1.00000
cb
V Ed,x
bV,la,c,x
V Rd,s,l,x
bN+V,la,c = 0.18114 + 0.07362 ≤ 1.00000

(Utilization : 26%)
bN,la,c, governing failure mode: Channel lip

bV,la,c,y, governing failure mode: Flexure channel lip w/o lever arm - perpendicular
bV,la,c,x, governing failure mode: N/A
5.3.3 Anchor and connection between anchor and channel (Anchor a1)
k72 k72 k72
bN+V,ac = max ( NaEd
,)NaEd
NRd,s,a NRd,s,c( ) ( + max
VaEd,y Va
, Ed,y
VRd,s,a,y VRd,s,c,y
≤ 1.0 - max ( VaEd,x Va
, Ed,x
VRd,s,a,x VRd,s,c,x ))
2.0
= max( ) = 0.31654
a a
N NEd Ed
bN,ac ,
N NRd,s,a Rd,s,c
2.0
= max( ) = 0.12864
a a
V V
Ed,y Ed,y
bV,ac,y ,
V V
Rd,s,a,y Rd,s,c,y
2.0
= (1.0 - max( )) = 1.00000
a a
V V Ed,x Ed,x
bV,ac,x ,
V V Rd,s,a,x Rd,s,c,x
bN+V,ac = 0.31654 + 0.12864 ≤ 1.00000
(Utilization : 45%)
bN,ac, governing failure mode: Anchor

bV,ac,y, governing failure mode: Anchor - perpendicular
bV,ac,x, governing failure mode: N/A
E-Mail:
5.3.4 Concrete anchor (Anchor a1)
a a a
bN+V,c =( NaEd
NRd ) ( ) ( ) ≤ 1.0
+
VaEd,y
VRd,y
+
VaEd,x
VRd,x
1.5
=( ) = 0.39057
a
N Ed
bN,c
N Rd
1.5
=( ) = 0.51762
a
V Ed,y
bV,c,y
V Rd,y
1.5
=( ) = 0.00000
a
V Ed,x
bV,c,x
V Rd,x
bN+V,c = 0.39057 + 0.51762 + 0.00000 = 0.90819 ≤ 1.0

(Utilization : 91%)
bN,c, governing failure mode: Concrete cone

bV,c,y, governing failure mode: Concrete edge - perpendicular
bV,c,x, governing failure mode: N/A
Remarks and warnings

• The anchor plate overlaps the concrete base plate edges. A local concrete spalling due to compression close to the edges
has to be checked separately!
• The transfer of the loads acting on the fixture to the supports of the structure shall be considered in the design of the
structure taking account of the requirements of EN 1992-4 Annex A, section 10, and the structurally required reinforcement
has to be provided.
• The calculation of the acting forces is based on the simplified assumption of a rigid anchorplate/bracket. The
anchorplate
has to be designed accordingly. The design of the anchorplate/bracket must be done seperatly (outside the
PROFIS software) by the engineer.
• A longitudinal reinforcement should be provided along the edge of the member!
• Existing reinforcement and supplementary reinforcement as a PROFIS input should only be selected if the engineer has
verified the design of the concrete substructure complies with the associated reinforcement requirements contained in EOTA
TR 047 and/or EC2.
• Any as-built conditions which vary from the PROFIS inputs (e.g., use of alternative product, variations in supplementary
reinforcement or base material, changes in load condition...), renders the PROFIS design invalid and requires recalculation.
Design ok! (Maximum utilization: 91%)
E-Mail:
6 Installation data
6.1 Fixture 1
Plate type: - Bolt type: HBC-50/30 8.8F, M12 x 50 mm
Plate dimensions: 200 mm x 225 mm x 8 mm Bolt length: 50 mm
Profile: ; L x W x T = 200 x 8 x 0 mm Bolt diameter: 12 mm
Anchorplate design calculated: no Diameter hole: 14 mm
Installation torque: 0.025 kNm
100 100
100
113
1.1 1.2
x
125
109
113
30 140 30
E-Mail:
7 Remarks; Your Cooperation Duties

• Any and all information and data contained in the Software concern solely the use of Hilti products and are based on the
principles, formulas and security regulations in accordance with Hilti's technical directions and operating, mounting and
assembly instructions, etc., that must be strictly complied with by the user. All figures contained therein are average figures,
and therefore use-specific tests are to be conducted prior to using the relevant Hilti product. The results of the calculations
carried out by means of the Software are based essentially on the data you put in. Therefore, you bear the sole
responsibility for the absence of errors, the completeness and the relevance of the data to be put in by you. Moreover, you
bear sole responsibility for having the results of the calculation checked and cleared by an expert, particularly with regard to
compliance with applicable norms and permits, prior to using them for your specific facility. The Software serves only as an
aid to interpret norms and permits without any guarantee as to the absence of errors, the correctness and the relevance of
the results or suitability for a specific application.
• You must take all necessary and reasonable steps to prevent or limit damage caused by the Software. In particular, you
must arrange for the regular backup of programs and data and, if applicable, carry out the updates of the Software offered by
Hilti on a regular basis. If you do not use the AutoUpdate function of the Software, you must ensure that you are using the
current and thus up-to-date version of the Software in each case by carrying out manual updates via the Hilti Website. Hilti
will not be liable for consequences, such as the recovery of lost or damaged data or programs, arising from a culpable
breach of duty by you.

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www.hilti.in PROFIS Anchor Channel 1.6.

4 Load case / Resulting bolt forces

4.1 Load distribution

max. concrete compressive strain: 0.24 [‰]

4.2 Derivation of forces acting on anchor channels

5.1.1 Steel failure (EN 1992-4 section 7.4.1.3)

NaEd [kN] NRk,s,a [kN] gMs NRd,s,a [kN]

5.1.1.2 Connection between anchor and channel (Anchor a1, Channel a)

NaEd [kN] NRk,s,c [kN] gMs,ca NRd,s,c [kN]

y l,N = 0.5 · 1 + ( scbo

scbo [mm] sl,N [mm] y l,N

5.1.1.5 Flexure of channel (Channel a)

k1 fck [N/mm2] hef [mm] N0Rk,c [kN]

5.2.1 Steel failure (EN 1992-4 section 7.4.2.3)

y l,V = 0.5 · 1 +( scbo

scbo [mm] sl,V,y [mm] y l,V

VaEd,y [kN] VRk,s,a,y [kN] gMs VRd,s,a,y [kN]

VaEd,y [kN] VRk,s,c,y [kN] gMs,ca VRd,s,c,y [kN]

k1 fck [N/mm2] hef [mm] N0Rk,c [kN]

ccr,V = 0.5 · scr,V = 2 · c1 + bch

k12 fck [N/mm2] c1 [mm] V0Rk,c [kN]

(NN ) + (√V V + V ) ≤ 1.000

bN+V,s = (0.13009) + (0.04051) = 0.17061 ≤ 1.000

(NN ; MM ) + (VV ) ≤ (1.0 - (VV ))

bN+V,la,c = 0.18114 + 0.07362 ≤ 1.00000

bN,la,c, governing failure mode: Channel lip

bN+V,ac = 0.31654 + 0.12864 ≤ 1.00000

bN,ac, governing failure mode: Anchor

bN+V,c = 0.39057 + 0.51762 + 0.00000 = 0.90819 ≤ 1.0

bN,c, governing failure mode: Concrete cone

Remarks and warnings

Design ok! (Maximum utilization: 91%)

7 Remarks; Your Cooperation Duties

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