N-466 REV.

G ENGLISH OCT / 2001

MECHANICAL DESIGN OF
SHELL-AND-TUBE
HEAT EXCHANGER
Procedure
This Standard replaces and cancels the previous revision .

The Responsible CONTEC Subcommittee provides guidance on the

interpretation of this Standard when questions arise regarding its contents. The
Department of PETROBRAS that uses this Standard is fully responsible for
adopting and applying the clauses thereof.
CONTEC
Comissão de Normas Technical Requirement: a provision established as being the most adequate
Técnicas and which shall be used strictly in accordance with this Standard. If a decision is
taken not to follow the requirement (“nonconformity” to this Standard) it shall be
based on well-founded economic and management reasons, and be approved
and registered by the Department of PETROBRAS that uses this Standard. It is
characterized by the verb forms “shall”, “it is necessary...”, “is required to...”, “it is
required that...”, “is to...”, “has to...”, “only ... is permitted”, and other equivalent
expressions having an imperative nature.
Recommended Practice: a provision that may be adopted under the conditions
of this Standard, but which admits (and draws attention to) the possibility of there
being a more adequate alternative (not written in this Standard) to the particular
application. The alternative adopted shall be approved and registered by the
Department of PETROBRAS that uses this Standard. It is characterized by the
verbal form “should” and equivalent expressions such as “it is recommended
that...” and “ought to...” (verbs of a nonmandatory nature). It is indicated by the
expression: [Recommended Practice].
Copies of the registered “nonconformity” to this Standard that may contribute to
the improvement thereof shall be submitted to the Responsible CONTEC
Subcommittee.
SC - 02 Proposed revisions to this Standard shall be submitted to the Responsible
Tanks and Vessels CONTEC Subcommittee, indicating the alphanumeric identification and revision
of the Standard, the clause(s) to be revised, the proposed text, and
technical/economic justification for revision. The proposals are evaluated during
the work for alteration of this Standard.
“The present Standard is exclusive ownership of PETRÓLEO
BRASILEIRO S.A. - PETROBRAS, for internal use in the company,
and any reproduction for external use or disclosure, without
previous express authorization, will imply an unlawful act
pursuant to the relevant legislation through which the applicable
responsibilities shall be imputed. External circulation shall be
regulated by a specific clause of Secrecy and Confidentiality,
pursuant to the terms of the intellectual and industrial property
law.”

Foreword
PETROBRAS technical standards are prepared by Working Groups - GTs
(consisting of PETROBRAS specialists and specialists from PETROBRAS Subsidiaries), are
commented by Local Representatives (representatives of the Industrial Units, Engineering Projects,
Technical Divisions and PETROBRAS Subsidiaries), are approved by the Responsible
Subcommittees - SCs (consisting of specialists belonging to the same specialty, representing the
various PETROBRAS Departments and PETROBRAS Subsidiaries), and approved by the CONTEC
General Assembly (consisting of representatives of the Superintendencies of the PETROBRAS
Departments and PETROBRAS Subsidiaries that use PETROBRAS technical standards). A
PETROBRAS technical standard is subjected to revision at any time by the Responsible
Subcommittee and must be reviewed every 5 years to be revalidated, revised or cancelled.
PETROBRAS technical standards are prepared in accordance with standard PETROBRAS N - 1. For
complete information about PETROBRAS standards see PETROBRAS Technical Standards Catalog.
PROPERTY OF PETROBRAS 21 pages and Revision Index
 N-466 REV. G ENGLISH OCT / 2001

1 SCOPE

1.1 This Standard establishes the requirements for the mechanical design of shell-and-tube
heat exchangers. This Standard complements standard PETROBRAS N-253.

1.2 For purposes of this Standard the designation “shell-and-tube heat exchanger” covers
heat exchangers in general, and heaters, coolers, reboilers and other shell-and-tube heat
exchanging equipment.

1.3 This Standard is applied to heat exchangers designed beginning with its date of
issuance.

1.4 This Standard contains only Technical Requirements.

2 SUPPLEMENTARY DOCUMENTS

The documents listed below are mentioned in the text and contain valid requirements for the
present Standard.

PETROBRAS N-133 - Welding;

PETROBRAS N-253 - Pressure Vessel Design;
PETROBRAS N-266 - Pressure Vessel Design Presentation;
PETROBRAS N-2159 - Acessórios de Permutador de Calor;
ABNT NBR 6405 - Rugosidade das Superfícies;
API STD 660 - Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers for General Refinery
Services;
ASME Section II A SA-450/ SA-450M - Specification for General Requirements for
Carbon, Ferritic Alloy and Austenic Alloy Steel Tubes;
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code - Section VIII - Division 1 (see Note 2);
BSI BS 5500 - Unfired Fusion Welded Pressure Vessels;
TEMA - Standards of Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers
Association.

Notes: 1) For documents for which only the Portuguese version is available, the
PETROBRAS department that uses this Standard should be consulted for any
information required for the specific application.
2) The parts mentioned in this Standard are from the ASME Section VIII -
Division 1 - July 1, 1999, which usually have its indications unchanged. In case
of happening any alteration it will be issued Amendment for this Standard with
the new indications.

3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Technical Requirements for Presentation of Proposals and Design

The technical requirements for presentation of proposals and design of heat exchangers
shall be in accordance with standard PETROBRAS N-266.

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 N-466 REV. G ENGLISH OCT / 2001

3.2 Designer’s Responsibility

3.2.1 The designer’s responsibilities are defined at standard PETROBRAS N-253.

3.2.2 In those cases where PETROBRAS provides Data Sheets, basic drawing showing the
arrangement and general dimensions, technical specification or other specific document for
the heat exchanger, the mechanical design shall fully comply with those documents, that
prevail over this Standard. Any discrepancies or alternatives suggested will only be accepted
after being expressly approved by PETROBRAS.

3.3 Types of Heat Exchangers

3.3.1 Except as otherwise expressly specified by PETROBRAS, all shell-and-tube heat

exchangers shall be in accordance with one of the types indicated in the standard TEMA.

3.3.2 For any heat exchanger that does not precisely correspond to any of the standardized
types referred to in the preceding item, a description and drawings giving complete details,
shall be prepared.

3.4 Mechanical Design

3.4.1 The mechanical design of the heat exchangers shall be done in strict compliance with
the standards and other requirements of standard PETROBRAS N-253.

3.4.2 The design shall also strictly comply with the latest edition of the standard TEMA. As a
general rule, “Section R” of the standard TEMA shall be followed and the design may be in
accordance with Sections “B”/”C” only when expressly specified or accepted by
PETROBRAS.

4 DESIGN CRITERIA

4.1 Pressure

4.1.1 The design pressure shall be determined in accordance with the standard TEMA.

4.1.2 Except as expressly accepted by PETROBRAS, no part of the exchanger may be

designed for differential pressure.

4.1.2.1 Where the heat exchanger is designed for differential pressure, provision shall be
made for a safety system ensuring this design condition for components subject to pressure
at the same time on both the shell side and the tube side.

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 N-466 REV. G ENGLISH OCT / 2001

4.1.2.2 A warning plate shall be used in heat exchangers designed for differential pressure.
The design indication for differential pressure shall be recorded also in the tag plate of the
heat exchanger, as by standard PETROBRAS N-2159.

4.2 Temperature

4.2.1 The design temperature shall be determined in accordance with the standard TEMA.

4.2.2 The temperature for determining the allowable stress on bolts, studs, nuts and gaskets
shall be the same as that of the respective flange. For flanges used for connecting the
channel to the shell (or the channel to the tubesheet and shell) the temperature for
determining the allowable stress shall be the highest temperature between the shell flange
and the channel flange.

4.2.3 For heat exchangers with more than a single shell in series, different design
temperatures shall be established for each shell, in accordance with the operating
temperatures of each one. That criterion need not be observed when the temperature
differences between the various shells do not entail the use of different materials, do not
entail different allowable stresses, or do not entail the use of expansion joint.

4.3 Other Criteria

4.3.1 In the mechanical design of heat exchangers with more than one shell directly
connected to the other, the additional stresses due to the weights and stresses resulting from
differential expansion between shells shall always be taken into account.

4.3.2 Heat exchangers that are identical or of the same type, shall contain the largest
possible number of exchangeable parts. In particular, the tube bundle and test ring shall be
exchangeable with other equipment whenever this is economically viable.

5 MATERIALS

5.1 For all parts in contact with both fluids (e.g. tubes, tubesheets and floating head)
material selection shall be based on the corrosiveness of both fluids and on the following
temperature criteria:

a) both fluids having a minimum design temperature exceeding 15 °C: the

temperature for material selection is based on the temperature of the hottest
fluid;
b) one of the fluids having a minimum design temperature equal to or less than
15 °C: the temperature for material selection is based on the temperature of the
coldest fluid;
c) the temperature for material selection is based on the design temperature of the
component determined in accordance with standard TEMA.