synecdoche:

A figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole, the whole for
a part, the specific for the general, the general for the specific, or the mate
rial for the thing made from it. Considered by some to be a form of metonymy. Ad
jective: synecdochic or synecdochal.
Etymology:
From the Greek, "shared understanding"
Examples and Observations:
"The sputtering economy could make the difference if you're trying to get a deal
on a new set of wheels."
(Al Vaughters, WIVB.com, November 21, 2008)

All hands on deck.

PUN:
A play on words, either on different senses of the same word or on the similar s
ense or sound of different words. See also:

Examples:
"When it rains, it pours."
(advertising slogan for Morton Salt)

"When it pours, it reigns."

(slogan of Michelin tires)
ANAPHORA:
Definition:
A rhetorical term for the repetition of a word or phrase at the start of success
ive clauses. For the grammatical term, see anaphora (grammar). Adjective: anapho
ric. Compare with epiphora. See also:

From the Greek, "carrying up or back"

Examples:
"We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas
and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the
air, we shall defend our Island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the
beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds
Litotes:
figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is exp
ressed by negating its opposite.
Etymology:
From the Greek, "plainness, simplicity"
Examples:
"The grave's a fine a private place,
But none, I think, do there embrace."
(Andrew Marvell, "To His Coy Mistress")

"We are not amused."

(attributed to Queen Victoria)
APOSTROPHE:
A figure of speech in which some absent or nonexistent person or thing is addres
sed as if present and capable of understanding. (For the mark of punctuation, se
e apostrophe [punctuation].) See also:
Examples:
"O western wind, when wilt thou blow
That the small rain down can rain?"
(anonymous, 16th c.)

"Hello darkness, my old friend

I've come to talk with you again . . .."
(Paul Simon, "The Sounds of Silence")
"'Not a bad day's work on the whole.
onomatopoeia:
The formation or use of words (such as hiss or murmur) that imitate the sounds a
ssociated with the objects or actions they refer to. Adjective: onomatopoeic or
onomatopoetic. See also:

Examples and Observations:

"Tlot-tlot; tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse-hoofs ringing clear;
Tlot-tlot, tlot-tlot, in the distance? Were they deaf that they did not hear?