Mdnastran r3 Training 133b Course Notes

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Introduction to Contact Analysis

with MD Nastran
NAS133-b Course Notes
March 2009
Part Number: MDNA*R3*Z*Z*Z*SM-NAS133-B-NT Copyright 2009 MSC.Software Corporation

March 2009
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Copyright 2009 MSC.Software Corporation
2
CONTENTS
Section Page
1.0 Getting Started
Objectives ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1-2
Introduction to Contact Analysis ………………………………………………………………………………... 1-5
Case Study 1 - Contact Analysis of Two Deformable Bodies ……………………………………………….. 1-11
Contact Body Definition ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1-18
Job Setup ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1-30
Workshop 1 – Solid-to-Shell Contact
2.0 Contact Basics
Contact Detection ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2-5
Contact Search Options …………………………………………………………………………………………. 2-30
Case Study 2 – Contact Search Examples ……………………………………………………………………. 2-34
Workshop 2 – Solid-to-Solid Contact
3.0 Glued Contact
Glued Contact …………………………………….......................................................................................... 3-2
Case Study 3 – Modal Analysis with Glued Contact …………………………………………………………. 3-9
Workshop 3 – Shell Edge-to-Edge Glued Contact
4.0 Additional Contact Topics
Contact Separation Control …………………………………………………………………………….............. 4-2
Quadratic Contact ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4-5
Bolt Preload ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4-9
Workshop 4 – Bolted Joint Analysis
3
4
SECTION 1
GETTING STARTED
NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

Copyright 2009 MSC.Software Corporation S1-1
SEMINAR OBJECTIVES
● At the end of this seminar, you will understand the basic
contact capabilities in MD Nastran and be able to:
● Identify structural analysis problems that can benefit from contact
modeling
● Set up a basic contact job, including contact bodies, contact
parameters, contact tables, and contact search algorithms
● Select an appropriate Nastran solution sequence to handle the job
● Interrogate and evaluate the contact analysis results

SOFTWARE VERSIONS
● The lecture notes and workshops are based on the
following software versions:
● MD Nastran R3
● Patran 2008r2

GETTING STARTED
● Introduction to Contact Analysis
● Case Study 1
● Contact Body Definition
● Job Setup
● Workshop 1 - Solid-to-Shell Contact

Introduction to Contact Analysis

What is Contact Analysis?
● Contact analysis is the analysis
of contact bodies (deformable
or rigid) interacting with each
other
● Contact analysis types
● Touching Contact
● Glued Contact
Touching Contact
Glued Contact
Contact Analysis Examples
● Solid-to-solid contact examples
Interference Fit
Preloaded Bolted Joint Lug-Clevis-Pin

Glued Assembly
Contact Analysis Examples (cont.)
● Shell-to-shell contact examples
Face to face contact
Edge-to-edge contact
NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009 Edge-to-edge glued contact

● Shell-to-solid contact examples
Edge-to-face glued contact
Face-to-face contact
● Beam contact examples
Beam-to-beam contact
Beam-to-solid glued contact

Case Study 1
Contact Analysis of Two

Deformable Bodies

Case Study 1
● Two parts with different mesh densities

Case Study 1
●Initial Pass: No Contact

definition
● Parts don’t see each other
● Parts pass through each other
No Contact
●Second Pass: Add Contact

body definition
● Parts now contact each other
Contact added
Case Study 1
● No more issues with point-to-point GAP elements in
SOL 106
● Matching meshes
● GRID-by-GRID definition
● Open/closed orientation coordinate system
● Open/closed stiffness ratios

Case Study 1
●Easy contact body setup:

Case Study 1
● Comprehensive contact results
plots:
● Contact status
● Contact normal stress
● Contact normal force

Case Study 1
● Summary of Case Study

● Studied contact between two parts
with dissimilar meshes
● Demonstrated easy contact setup
● Solved the problem in Linear Static

SOL 101
● Plotted contact normal stress and force
to gain insight into load path and
contact status

Contact Body Definition

Contact Body Types
● Contact bodies can be deformable or rigid
● Deformable bodies will be covered in this class
● Rigid bodies will be covered in the Advanced Contact
Analysis class
Rigid tool
Deformable part
Rigid die block

Definition of Deformable Bodies
● A deformable body is a collection of finite elements
● A deformable body must contain elements of the same class:
● Linear shell CTRIA3/CQUAD4

● Quadratic shell CTRIA6/CQUAD8
● Linear solid CHEXA/CPENTA/CTETRA
● Quadratic solid CHEXA/CPENTA/CTETRA
● Beams CBAR/CBEAM/CROD

Definition of Deformable Bodies (cont.)
● Each deformable body consists of one or more finite elements
● Nodes or elements must belong to no more than one deformable body
● A deformable body does not need to completely correspond with a
physical body:
deformable contact body

 On the other hand be careful with a subset of elements
Limited number of
elements defined
in contact body
Local normal vector

to the outer boundary
may be completely
wrong
● All deformable bodies can come in contact with each other,
including self-contact
● Nastran automatically figures out the free faces as potential
contact surfaces
● Nastran also automatically accounts for shell thicknesses
t2
t1

Creating a Deformable Body
From the Patran Loads/BCs menu:
1. Create / Contact / Element

Uniform
2. Select "Deformable Body"

Creating a Deformable Body (cont.)
On "Select Application Region"
form:
3. Select elements based on

geometry, elements, or or
property to create a
deformable body
or

● Contact Body Nastran entries:
● BCBODY – Flexible or Rigid Contact Body
● BSURF – Defines a contact body by Element IDs

(Referenced by BSID in BCBODY)

● Sample Nastran input file:
DEFORM or RIGID
List of
elements

● Property-based Nastran entry:
BCPROP – Defines a contact body by Element Property

(Referenced by BSID in BCBODY)

● Sample Nastran input file:
BCPROP

Job Setup

Choosing a Solution Sequence
● Contact analysis is supported in both SOL 400 and 101
● Use SOL 400 for general nonlinear contact analysis
● Use SOL 101 for “linear” contact analysis where
● Contact is the only nonlinearity present
● No material nonlinearity is present
● No geometric nonlinearity is present
● For example, Case Study 1 presented an analysis of two

contacting cantilevered plates using SOL 101
● SOL 101 is a good starting point
● But if the computed displacements are large, or material plasticity
needs to be modeled, then SOL 400 should be used instead of SOL
101
Choosing a Solution Sequence (cont.)
● Permanent Glue is a special type of contact
● Designed to join 2 dissimilar meshes
● Available for SOL 101, 103, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112,
and 200
● Will be covered later in section 3

Selecting Results Output Format
● The traditional Nastran results are available in both XDB and
MASTER/DBALL
● Contact analysis results are only available in
MASTER/DBALL
● Do the following when setting up a contact analysis job
● Set SCR=NO and specify NASTRAN SYSTEM(316)=19 to generate
MASTER and DBALL files suitable for contact results post processing
● Alternatively set SCR=POST
● If restart is required, specify NASTRAN SYSTEM(316)=7

Requesting for Output
● Traditional Nastran results such as displacement and stress
are requested as usual in the Case Control Section
● To obtain contact results such as contact normal force and
contact normal stress, specify the following in the Case
Control Section
● BOUTPUT=ALL
● Following slides show how to use Patran to set up the contact

analysis job

Choose a Solution Sequence
● From the Patran Analysis menu:
1. Analyze / Entire Model / Full Run
2. Select “Solution Type"

Choose a Solution Sequence(cont.)
3. For SOL 101, select LINEAR STATIC

Choose a Solution Sequence(cont.)
3. For SOL 400
• Select IMPLICIT NONLINEAR
• Click on Solution Parameters…
• Select SOL 400 Run

Select Results Output Format
4. For either SOL 101 or 400
• Select Solution Parameters…
• Select Results Output Format…
• Select MASTER/DBALL

Request for Output
5. On the Subcases form
• Select Output Requests…
• Select Contact Results

Workshop 1
Solid-to-Shell Contact

Workshop 1
● Perform an end-to-end contact analysis with MD Nastran
● Gain familiarity with the Patran contact analysis GUI

Workshop 1
● Please go to the Seminar Workbook where you will

find step-by-step instructions for this workshop

SECTION 2
CONTACT BASICS

Contact Basics
● Contact Detection
● Contact Search Options
● Case Study 2 - Contact Search Examples
● Workshop 2 - Solid-to-Solid Contact

Approaching a Contact Analysis
● The contact analysis case study 1 and workshop 1 in the
previous section reached convergence quickly with plausible
results using all program defaults. But real-world contact
problems often will require more user intervention.
● Recall that linear finite element analysis is characterized by
a linear force-displacement relationship. The system of
linear equations produce a unique solution.
● In contrast, contact analysis is a nonlinear analysis and is
an incremental and iterative process, and does not
guarantee a unique solution.

Approaching a Contact Analysis (cont.)
● This section will help you tackle real-world contact problems
by showing you
● How contact detection works
● How to use contact analysis parameters
● It is strongly recommended that tests on small models be

performed first to gain experience before you tackle large
complex contact models.

Contact Detection

Contact Detection
● The user defines bodies (deformable or rigid) which are
potential candidates for contact during the analysis
● Grid points and segments defining the boundary of the
deformable bodies are automatically determined
● The contact algorithm automatically detects grid points
entering contact and generates the appropriate constraints
to ensure no penetration occurs
● Two contact detection algorithms are available in Nastran
● Node-to-Patch contact
● Beam-to-Beam contact

Node-to-Patch Contact Detection
● Following contact examples use the node-to-patch contact
algorithm
Shell surface to surface Shell edge to surface glue

contact
Beam to solid glue
Solid to solid contact
Shell edge to edge glue

Solid to Shell contact Shell edge to solid glue Beam to shell glue
Beam-to-Beam Contact Detection
● Following contact examples use the beam-to-beam contact
algorithm
Shell edge to edge contact Beam to beam contact

Node-to-Patch Contact
● Node-to-Patch contact
● A node from one body comes into contact with a patch on a second
body.
● The touching node is the slave. It is located on the contacting body.
● The touched patch is the master. It is located on the contacted body.
● When contact is detected, a contact constraint is imposed. The
touching node becomes the tied node. Nodes on the patch become
the retained nodes.
Touching (contacting) Node - Slave
Touched (Contacted) Patch - Master

Node-to-Patch Contact Example
● A contact analysis of two solid deformable bodies is used to
illustrate how the contact algorithm works
Slave
Master
View A
Possible Contact Situations
distance tolerance
Slave
1
2
3
4
Master
View A
1) Node outside element patch, outside distance tolerance

2) Node outside element patch, inside distance tolerance
3) Node inside element patch, inside distance tolerance
4) Node inside element patch, outside distance tolerance
1) Node outside element patch, outside
distance tolerance
● Bodies are not in contact

● Contacting node remains in current position

2) Node outside element patch, inside
distance tolerance
● A multipoint constraint is imposed in order to close the gap

between the contacting node and the patch
● Remains in contact if normal tensile force is less than
separation force
3) Node inside element patch, inside
distance tolerance
● A multipoint constraint is imposed to resolve the

penetration of the contacting node into the patch

4) Node inside element patch, outside
distance tolerance
● Node penetrated
● Increment will be recycled with modified step
● Important: If this situation occurs at beginning of
analysis, contact will not be found
Contact Constraint for 2D (plane stress, plane strain,
and axisymmetric) Elements
y‘
Slave C
A y
B d
x
Master
● Set up tying relation:
A = 1/2 (1- A)  A) 
B + 1/2 (1+ C – d
with:
displacement component in local y direction
(normal to segment BC)
 
natural coordinate along segment BC

Contact Constraint for 3D (solid and shell) Elements
● Set up tying relation:
wA = 1/4 (1-A) (1-A) wB + 1/4 (1+A) (1-A) wC
A ) (1+
+1/4 (1+ A) wD +1/4 (1-A) (1+A) wE – d
with:
wdisplacement component in local z direction, corresponding to the normal of
segment BCDE


natural coordinates on segment BCDE
E(-1,1) D(1,1) E Slave node


A
d
B D

B(-1,-1) C(1,-1)
Master
NAS133-b, Section 2, March 2009 C Patch
Distance Tolerance
● The size of the contact tolerance has a significant impact on
the computational costs and the accuracy of the solution
● Contact tolerance too small:
●Detection of contact is difficult, leading to higher costs
●More nodes are likely to be considered penetrating leading to increase
in increment splitting, therefore, increasing the computational costs
● Contact tolerance too large:
●Nodes are considered in contact prematurely, resulting in a loss of
accuracy
●Nodes might “penetrate” the surface by a large amount

Distance Tolerance (cont.)
● Measured normal to the contacted body
● May be user-defined
● By default, this tolerance is evaluated from:
●1/20x “smallest element edge“ for continuum elements
●1/4x “smallest thickness“ for beam and shell elements
● This distance tolerance is specified by the ERROR
parameter in Nastran.
= ERROR
= ERROR
Bias Factor
● By default, the contact tolerance is biased to the inside by a factor of 0.9*
● Can be changed within the range of bias factor 0 BIAS  1 (default: 0.9)*
disttol Outside Master

(1-BIAS) . disttol
Master
Surface disttol Inside Master (1+BIAS) . disttol
No Bias With Bias

● Improves accuracy since the distance below which a node comes into
contact is reduced
● Reduces increment splitting since the distance to cause penetration is
increased
● The default/recommended value is BIAS = 0.9 for most contact analyses
● For frictional problems, set BIAS = 0.99 to get improved results
* For glued contact, the default Bias is 0.0

Specify Distance Tolerance and Bias Factor

● Specify the distance tolerance and bias in the Patran form
● Leaving the Distance Tolerance field blank tells Nastran to use the
default computed value
● Leaving the Bias field blank tells Nastran to use the default value

● Nastran entry:
● BCPARA – Contact Parameters
● ERROR and BIAS can also be specified for specific contact pairs using the
BCTABLE entry. BCTABLE is covered later in the seminar.

Contact Detection for Shells
● Shell elements can have contact at their top, bottom, and
mid-plane
● By default, contact is checked for both top and bottom
● The user can specify other options using the COPT parameter
● Shell elements should be oriented consistently

Contact Parameter COPT
● COPT is defined as
COPT = A + 10 . B + 1000 . C
● A – the outside of solid elements in the body
= 1: the outside will be in the contact description (default)
● B (flexible bodies) – the outside of shell elements in the
body
= 1: top and bottom can contact, thickness included (default)
= 2: only bottom can contact, thickness included
= 3: only bottom can contact, thickness ignored
= 4: only top can contact, thickness included
= 5: only top can contact, thickness ignored
= 6: top and bottom can contact, thickness ignored
Contact Parameter COPT (cont.)
●B (rigid bodies) – rigid surface
= 1: the rigid surface can contact (default)
●C (flexible bodies) – the edges of the body
= 1: only the beam edges can contact (default)
= 10: only the free and hard shell edges can contact
= 11: beam edges and free and hard shell edges can contact
Free edges
Hard edges

● COPT can be defined on the BCBODY entry.
● COPT can also be defined on the BCTABLE entry. COPT
definitions in BCTABLE overrides COPT definitions in
BCBODY.
● The implementation of COPT in BCBODY and BCTABLE
are describe in following pages.

● COPTB in BCBODY

● BCTABLE
● COPTS / COPTM as the default for all contact pairs
● COPTS1 / COPTM1 for a contact pair

Contact Search Options

Contact Detection Search Logic
● The contact detection default search logic is called
Double-Sided Search
● First the lower-ID body is checked against the higher-ID body for
contact. If contact is found, contact constraints are created.
● Next the higher-ID body is checked against the lower-ID body
and additional contact constraints are created without conflicting
with the existing constraints.
● The Double-Sided Search works well for bodies with
similar mesh densities and similiar material properties

Contact Detection Search Logic (cont.)
● If there is a large difference in material properties
between two contact bodies, the softer one should be
defined as the slave body.
● If there is a large difference in mesh density between two
contact bodies, the body with the finer mesh should be
defined as the slave body.
● Additional contact detection search logics are available
to handle these situations. This is defined using the
contact table entry BCTABLE.

Contact Detection Search Logic (cont.)
● Contact detection search options are selected by the ISEARCH
parameter in BCTABLE
● ISEARCH=0 (default)  Double-sided search

● First the lower-ID body is checked against the higher-ID body for contact. If
contact is found, contact constraints are created.
● Next the higher-ID body is checked against the lower-ID body and additional
contact constraints are created without conflicting with the existing constraints.
● ISEARCH=1  Single-sided search
● Search order is from slave to master
● Slave and master are defined in the contact table
● ISEARCH=2  Automatic
● Search order is from the body with smaller average element edge size to body with
larger average element edge size. The search is single sided.
Case Study 2
Contact Search Examples

Case Study 2A – ISEARCH=0
● ISEARCH=0, Double-Sided Search
● Program default
● Works well for bodies with similar mesh densities
● This case study illustrates that this search logic does not work
well when bodies with very different mesh densities are in
contact
Note: In Patran you can not control the BCBODY ID. The ID’s are
assigned automatically as contact bodies are created.

Case Study 2A
ISEARCH=0, Doubled-Sided Search
● This illustrates the wrong body numbering
2 7
body 1 body 2
6
3 5
● First search from body 1 to 2: ● Then search from body 2 to 1:

u3 = u 3(u5, u6) u4 = u4(u1, u 3) Skipped, since
u5 = u5(u1, u 3) node 3 has
independent already been used
dependent u6 = u6(u3, u 2) as a dependent
NAS133-b, Section 2, March 2009 u7 = u7(u3, u 2) node
Case Study 2A
ISEARCH=0, Doubled-Sided Search
● This illustrates the correct body numbering
2 7
body 2 body 1
6
3 5
4
1
● First search from body 1 to 2: ● Then search from body 2 to 1:

u4 = u4(u1, u3 ) u3 = u 3(u5,u6 )
u5 = u5(u1, u3 )
Skipped, but okay!
u6 = u6(u3, u2 )
u7 = u7(u3, u2 )
Case Study 2B – ISEARCH=1
● ISEARCH=1, Single-Sided Search
● Use this option for bodies with different mesh densities
● User assigns slave and master to a pair of contact bodies
● The body with the finer mesh should be defined as the slave
● The search is performed from the slave to the master

Case Study 2B
ISEARCH=1, Single-Sided Search
● Slave has the coarser mesh. Wrong choice.
2 7
Slave Master
6
3 5
● Search from Slave to Master:

u 3 = u 3(u5, u6)
independent
dependent
Case Study 2B
ISEARCH=1, Single-Sided Search
● Slave has the finer mesh. Correct choice.
2 7
Master Slave
6
3 5
● Search from Slave to Master:

u4 = u4(u1, u3)
u5 = u5(u1, u3)
u6 = u6(u3, u2)
u7 = u7(u3, u2)
Case Study 2C – ISEARCH=2
● ISEARCH=2, Automatic
● Search order is from the body with smaller average element
edge size to body with larger average element edge size.
● The search is single sided.
● This option works well when the mesh density within each body
is fairly uniform.

Case Study 2C
ISEARCH=2, Automatic
● The program automatically determines slave and master based on average
element size
2 7
Coarse Fine Mesh
Mesh 6
3 5
● Search from Fine mesh to Coarse mesh:

u4 = u4(u1, u3 )
u5 = u5(u1, u3 )
u6 = u6(u3, u2 )
u7 = u7(u3, u2 )
Case Study 2D – Optimized Contact
● Set ISEARCH=0 and ISTYP=2
● This is called the Optimized Contact
● Also known as double-sided search with optimized contact
constraints
● Designed for self contact (body A contacting body A) or body A
and body B contacting at multiple places and the mesh size at
these places are different.
● The Program creates optimized constraints based on material
stiffness and mesh densities. The decision is based on contact
regions, not contact bodies.
● Must set ISEARCH=0 and ISTYP=2. If ISEARCH≠0, then ISTYP
is ignored.
Case Study 2D
ISEARCH=0 and ISTYP=2, Optimized Contact
● Examples of where optimized contact could be utilized

Specify Contact Search Order

Specify Contact Search Order (cont.)
● The Patran contact table is a matrix of size ncbody x ncbody where
ncbody = number of contact bodies
● The contact bodies are listed alphabetically down the left-hand column.

● Clicking in a cell will cycle it through T (touching), G (glued), and blank
(no contact).

● For example, click in the diagonal cells three times each to deactivate
self contact

● In this example, the web has a finer mesh and the skin has a coarser
mesh, and the two are in contact.
● Instead of the default search algorithm, the user wants to set ISEARCH=1
with the web as the slave, and skin as the master.
● In the left-hand column of the matrix, the skin is listed above the web.
This makes the skin the 1st body, and the web the 2nd body.
web
skin
1st body
above
2nd body
● Click in the cell as shown, and select 2nd1st since the user wants to
search from 2nd body to 1st body, i.e. searching from web to skin.

● Nastran entry created:
● BCTABLE – Contact Table
ISEARCH=1

● Important note:
● ID numbers shown in Patran contact table do not correspond to
BCBODY ID numbers in Nastran input file.

Workshop 2
Solid-to-Solid Contact

Workshop 2
● Learn to handle contact bodies with different mesh densities
● Learn to set up a contact search from a fine-mesh body to a coarse-
mesh body
Correct search Wrong search

option option
Workshop 2


SECTION 3
GLUED CONTACT

Glued Contact
● SOL 400 and 101 support the general glued contact
capability
● Simulates a glued joint
● Bodies don’t have to be initially in contact. They can come in

contact during the analysis and become glued.
● After being glued together, bodies can separate again or stay
glued based on user-specified criteria.
● Just like touching contact, the general glued contact utilizes the
nonlinear solver which is an incremental and iterative process.

Glued Contact (cont.)
● Permanent Glued Contact is a special case of glued
contact
● Designed to help users quickly assemble components with
dissimilar meshes
● Available in SOL 101, 103, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112,
and 200.
● A linear solution. Permanent contact constraint MPC equations

are used. No nonlinear increments or iterations involved.

Setting up Glued Contact
● BCTABLE – IGLUE parameter

Setting up Glued Contact (cont.)
● BCTABLE – IGLUE parameter
● 0 – no gluing
● 1 - Activates the glue option. In the glue option, all degrees-of- freedom of the contact
nodes are tied in case of deformable-deformable contact once the node comes in
contact. The relative tangential motion of a contact node is zero in case of deformable-
rigid contact. The node will be projected onto the contact body.
● 2 - Activates a special glue option to insure that there is no relative tangential and
normal displacement when a node comes into contact. An existing initial gap or overlap
between the node and the contacted body will not be removed, as the node will not be
projected onto the contacted body. To maintain an initial gap, ERROR should be set to
a value slightly larger than the physical gap.
● 3 - Insures full moment carrying glue when shells contact. The node will be projected
onto the contacted body.
● 4 - Insures full moment carrying glue when shells contact. The node will not be
projected onto the contact body and an existing initial gap or overlap between the node
and the contacted body will not be removed, as the node will not be projected onto the
contacted body.
● In SOLs 101 and 400, if contact is initially not true set NLGLUE on BCPARA to 1
● For SOL 400 with a mixture of glued and non-glued bodies, BCPARA,0,NLGLUE,1 must be
used
Deactivate Glued Contact
● Users can select nodes of the contact body to do
regular contact instead of glued contact
● This option is normally used for crack analysis where
the grids along the crack are not glued but all other grids
on a contact body have glued contact
● Input via UNGLUE bulkdata card referenced by
BCTABLE or UNGLUE case control commands

Breaking Glued Contact
● A glued contact can be broken with or without a
breaking criterion. Controlled via JGLUE on
BCTABLE:
●0 – glued contact nodes will stay in contact. Default.
●1 – to invoke the standard separation behavior
●2 – breaking glued with a breaking criterion

Breaking Glued Contact (cont.)
● BKGL, keyword for breaking glued:
●BGST, maximum tangential stress (default=0.0)
●BGSN, maximum normal stress (default=0.0)
●BGM, the first exponent (default=2.0)
●BGN, the second exponent (default=2.0)
BGM BGN
t n
+ > 1.0
BGST BGSN

Case Study 3
Modal Analysis with Glued Contact

Case Study 3
● Analyze the shrouded vanes shown below
● This is MD User’s Guide Application Example 25
● Hub and vanes are meshed with Tet10 elements
● Shroud is meshed with Hex8 elements
● Glue the two bodies together and compute the first 10 free-free
modes
Finer mesh
Coarser mesh

Copyright 2009 MSC.Software Corporation S3-10 Hex8 – Tet10 double
curved interface
Case Study 3
● Import the Nastran deck nug_25_1_mesh_only.dat
● Create two contact bodies

Case Study 3
● Set up the contact table

Case Study 3
● Set the cell to “G” to set IGLUE=1
● We want the Shroud (finer mesh) as slave, and Hub_and_Vanes (coarser mesh) as master.
● Select 2nd1st. This sets ISEARCH=1 with the correct slave and master body definitions.

Case Study 3
● Set ICOORD=1. This specifies stress-free initial contact
which modifies the coordinates of the nodes in contact to
close gaps and penetrations between the two bodies.
● This is an important step to improve clean rigid-body
modes and help the model pass the grounding check. It
also ensures no artificial stresses are induced.

Case Study 3
● Set up a SOL 103 normal modes analysis and request for
the first 10 modes.

Case Study 3
● Review the BCTABLE entry.
ISEARCH=1 ERROR=default
ICOORD=1
●Important: BIAS is not specified, which defaults to 0.0 for glued contact.
Case Study 3
● Review normal modes results:
● 6 clean rigid-body modes

1st flexible mode S3-17
Copyright 2009 MSC.Software Corporation 1,130 Hz
Workshop 3
Shell Edge-to-Edge Glued Contact

Workshop 3
● Learn to create a shell edge-to-edge glued contact with moment transfer
capability

Workshop 3


SECTION 4
ADDITIONAL CONTACT TOPICS

Contact Separation Control
● The default contact separation control is based on force
● If the solution has converged, a check is performed on
the normal force acting on the nodes in contact
Fn
● Fn Fseparation: Node remains contacting

● Fn > Fseparation: Node is allowed to separate

Contact Separation Control (cont.)
● The user can specify a separation force or use the default
value
● By default, the separation force Fseparation equals the
maximum residual force
F
F2
residual force
F1
x1 x2‘ x2‘‘ x2 x
● The user can also specify separation control based on stress
● Stress-based separation control eliminates the influence of
elements size
● The contact normal stress used in stress-based separation
control can be calculated in two ways:
● Divide the contact normal force by the equivalent nodal area
● Use extrapolated and averaged integration point stresses
●For quadratic elements, the extrapolated and averaged
integration point stress should be used
● The separation stress can be specified as an absolute value
or a relative value

Quadratic Contact
● Quadratic Elements in Contact
● It is well known that a uniform
distributed load applied to the face
of a quadratic element results in
equivalent nodal loads with
oscillating signs
● Therefore unlike contact with linear
elements, separation in quadratic
elements cannot be based on
contact normal forces
● Stress-based separation control
must be used for quadratic Non-intuitive signs of forces
elements
Quadratic Contact (cont.)
● When quadratic elements are in contact, following
controls are available for mid-side nodes:
● For SOL 600, use the LINQUAD parameter in BCPARA
● By default, mid-side nodes are not considered in contact. This is
known as linear contact.
● Setting LINQUAD = -1 tells the program to consider mid-side nodes
in contact. This is known as quadratic contact.
● For all other MD Nastran solution sequences, the LINQUAD
parameter is not recognized
● Quadratic contact is on by default
● Mid-side nodes are always considered in contact

Specify Contact Separation Control
●Contact separation control is specified by the IBSEP
parameter on the BCPARA entry.

● BCPARA / IBSEP – separation control flag (default=0)
● 0 – separation if the contact pulling force exceeds FNTOL (input in
BCPARA or BCTABLE. Default: maximum residual force in the
complete model).
● 1 – separation if the contact pulling fake stress (pulling force divided
by its nodal area) exceeds FNTOL (default: maximum stress at a
reaction node in the model times the convergence tolerance).
● 2 – separation if the contact pulling stress (from extrapolating and
averaging integration point values) exceeds FNTOL (like 1)
● 3 – separation if the contact pulling fake stress exceeds FNTOL
(default=0.1) times the maximum contact stress in the model
● 4 – separation if the contact pulling stress exceeds FNTOL
(default=0.1) times the maximum contact stress in the model
● Note: For quadratic contact, only options 2 or 4 should be used.
Bolt Preload
● Bolt preload in MD Nastran is done
using the automated bolt preload
tool in Patran
● The tool automatically splits the bolt
and generates the required MPC
equations
● The preload can be specified either
as a force or a displacement

Bolt Preload (cont.)

RBE and MPC in Contact Surfaces
● In MD Nastran, dependent RBE nodes should not be allowed to come in
contact. Also dependent MPC nodes should not be allowed to come in
contact.
● For example, in bolt preload modeling, do not allow the bolt MPC’d
nodes to come in contact with the bolt hole. Also do not allow self-
contact of the bolt body. Please see MD User’s Guide Application
Example 23 for details on the modeling techniques required to
accomplish this.

Workshop 4
Bolted Joint Analysis

Workshop 4
● Learn to set up a SOL 400 job with multiple load steps and load
increment control
● Perform a bolt preload analysis with quadratic contact

Workshop 4


Review Seminar Objectives
Seminar Objectives:
● Understand the basic contact capabilities in MD Nastran and
be able to:
● Identify structural analysis problems that can benefit from contact
modeling
● Set up a basic contact job, including contact bodies, contact
parameters, contact tables, and contact search algorithms
● Select an appropriate Nastran solution sequence to handle the job
● Interrogate and evaluate the contact analysis results

Next Seminar
● Due to time constraints, this seminar only covered the basics of MD
Nastran contact analysis
● Additional important contact topics will be covered in the one-day
Advanced Contact Analysis Seminar
● Rigid contact body
● Beam-to-beam contact
● Shell edge-to-edge contact
● Interference fit
● How to read contact diagnostics in output file
● Initial stress-free contact
● Treatment of faceted mesh
● Treatment of corners
● Chatter suppression
● Stabilizing springs
● Friction

Mdnastran r3 Training 133b Course Notes

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MSC.

Introduction to Contact Analysis

Part Number: MDNA*R3*Z*Z*Z*SM-NAS133-B-NT Copyright 2009 MSC.Software Corporation

Copyright 2009 MSC.Software Corporation

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

● Interrogate and evaluate the contact analysis results

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

Preloaded Bolted Joint Lug-Clevis-Pin

Face to face contact

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009 Edge-to-edge glued contact

Edge-to-face glued contact

Beam-to-solid glued contact

Contact Analysis of Two

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

● Two parts with different mesh densities

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

●Initial Pass: No Contact

● Parts pass through each other

●Second Pass: Add Contact

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

●Easy contact body setup:

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

● Contact normal stress

● Contact normal force

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

● Summary of Case Study

● Solved the problem in Linear Static

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

Rigid die block

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

● A deformable body must contain elements of the same class:

● Linear shell CTRIA3/CQUAD4

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

deformable contact body

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

Local normal vector

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

1. Create / Contact / Element

2. Select "Deformable Body"

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

3. Select elements based on

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

● BCBODY – Flexible or Rigid Contact Body

● BSURF – Defines a contact body by Element IDs

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

BCPROP – Defines a contact body by Element Property

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

● For example, Case Study 1 presented an analysis of two

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

● Following slides show how to use Patran to set up the contact

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

1. Analyze / Entire Model / Full Run

2. Select “Solution Type"

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

NAS133-b, Section 1, March 2009

Part Number: MDNAR3Z*ZZSM-NAS133-B-NT Copyright 2009 MSC.Software Corporation