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Cost of labor = cost of all work involved in making a product or service ready for sale;
Cost of production=all expenses for raw materials, heating, lighting, electricity etc.;
Direct costs = all costs relating to the production of a product, including development costs and raw
materials, electricity and labor;
Variable costs =costs which are difficult to estimate as they may suddenly change because of changes in
the market, such as competitors’ pricing;
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CASH TERMS:
Petty cash = small amounts of money in notes and coins for regular, small purchases.
Hard cash = money in notes and coins, not cheques or credit card transfers.
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to make/earn/waste/spend money
to cost/make/lose/win a fortune
to owe/pay/raise/cut tax
to go up/increase in value
monetary policy/control/reform
financial difficulties/year
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PRACTICE:
2. You want to make a phone call but you only have a note. You need some small money/little
money/small change/exchange
3. You want to know the price of something, so you say: "How much is it?"; "How many is it?"/"; ”What
it costs?”
4. When you finish a meal at a restaurant, you ask for the bill laddition/account/reckoning.
5. If you visit a doctor privately, he will certainly charge a tariff /fee /tax.
8. You want one of the oranges on display, so you ask how much they are each/the one/the piece.
9. When buying something by weight, you may want to know how much they’re a kilo/per the kilo/for
the kilo.
10. You pass an empty house and see a notice outside it which reads To sell/On sale/For sale.
1. spend a. to a beggar
2. lose b. on food
8. waste h. to a friend
1 - b)
2 - d)
3 - a)
4 - e)
5 - c)
6 - h)
7 - f)
8 - j)
9 - i)
10 - g)
1- b)
2- e)
3- d)
4 - c)
5 -a)
D. Work on your phrasal verbs on money and spending. Choose the correct particle:
2. I’ve come into/to/in a little money. I’ll be able to repay that sooner than expected.
6.The cash was set around/aside/away for road and rail improvements.