Drillworks 2005 Pro Outline

Day 1
Basic Pressure Concepts

1. Models and methods

1.1. Terzaghi equation
1.2. Definition of effective stress
1.3. Insensitivity of effective stress to water depth
1.4. Calculating overburden pressure
1.4.1. General method and equations
1.4.2. Porosity/Density
1.4.3. Integration
1.4.4. Gardner velocity/density transform
1.4.5. Miller near-mudline porosity
1.4.6. Examples
1.5. Pore pressure Models
1.5.1. 1-D pore pressure model assumptions and theory
1.5.2. Vertical methods
1.5.2.1. Equivalent depth
1.5.3. Horizontal methods
1.5.3.1. Eaton
1.5.4. Velocity/effective stress relationships
1.5.4.1. Bowers
1.5.4.2. Miller
2. Fracture gradients
2.1. 1-D model assumptions
2.2. Basic calculation
2.3. Importance of using minimum stress measurement rather than reported
LOTs
3. Pore Pressure Workflow in Predict
3.1. Set up Predict project
3.2. Set up at least one well within Predict project
3.3. Import, paste in, or key in logging, seismic, ops data
3.4. Pick shale intervals (shale points)
3.5. Plot porosity values
3.6. Smooth porosity trend (boxcar / shrinking boxcar filters)
3.7. Calculate overburden gradient from RHOB
3.8. Calculate pore pressure
3.9. Calculate fracture gradient
3.10. Calibrate Model

Basic Analysis with Drillworks Predict

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1. Drillworks Predict Demo and Group Exercise

1.1. Project
1.2. Well
1.3. Dataset
1.4. Views and Tracks
1.4.1. Associating view with a well
1.4.2. Track menu
1.4.3. Track insert
1.5. Reference Line Group (RLG
1.6. System Manager
1.6.1. Project level
1.6.2. Well level
1.6.3. Tools

2. Analysis of a Single Well

2.1. SAMA-1 well
2.2. Setup training project with Well SAMA-1
2.2.1. Water depth = 12 ft and Air Gap = 30 ft
2.3. Setup tracks and views
2.4. Import surveys and data from SAMA-1 and well data in ASCII format
2.5. Perform basic PP/FG analysis using resistivity and sonic
2.5.1. Display data
2.5.2. Draw shale discrimination lines on GR dataset
2.5.3. Analyze shale points for resistivity and sonic
2.5.4. Filter resistivity and sonic shale points using shrinking box car
filter
2.5.5. Edit shale base lines as necessary to eliminate spurious shale
points
2.5.6. Run Gardner on the sonic log to obtain RHOB’s between 3,000’
and 11,280’. Adjust Gardner parameters as required to improve
the match between the calculated RHOB’s and the measured
RHOB’s.
2.5.7. Combine RHOB’s calculated from the sonic log and the measured
RHOB’s into one dataset.
2.5.8. Calculate OBG using the combined RHOB data. Assume mudline
density of 1.95 gm/cc and valid top of RHOB data as default. Let
Drillworks Predict perform linear interpolation between mudline
and top of valid RHOB data.
2.5.9. Draw NCT
2.5.10. Calculate PP from resistivity using Eaton’s method
2.5.11. Calculate PP from sonic using Eaton’s method
2.5.12. Calculate FG from resistivity PP
2.5.13. Calculate FG from sonic PP
2.5.14. Calibrate model based on mud weight and casing profile
2.5.15. Display results in appropriate format

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Day 2
Advanced Analysis with Drillworks/Predict

1. Additional Capabilities, Configuration and Techniques

1.1. Predict User Defined Methods
1.1.1. Concepts
1.2. Predict User Defined Programs
1.2.1. Concepts
1.3. Installing Drillworks Predict
1.3.1. Installation options
1.3.2. Installing an update
1.4. Predict file structure
1.5. Importing and exporting
1.5.1. Datasets (from ASCII formats)
1.5.2. Volume data
1.5.3. Wells
1.5.4. Projects
1.6. Predict Library
1.7. Predict directories and configuration options
1.8. Predict Utilities
1.9. Annotations
1.10. Lithology columns
1.11. Crossplots

2. Prognose PP and FG for a deep water project with Predict

2.1. Setup new two well project
2.1.1. Project Boundary
2.1.1.1. Min Latitude: 27 24 00 Max Latitude: 27 36 00
2.1.1.2. Min Longitude: -92 24 00 Max Longitude: -92 20 00
2.2. Analogue well (offset)
2.2.1. Water depth = 4,279 ft Air Gap = 86 ft
2.2.2. Latitude: 27 34 15.6, Longitude: -92 22 1.2
2.3. Target well (prospect)
2.3.1. Water depth = 4,608 ft Air Gap = 75 ft
2.3.2. Latitude: 27.489, Longitude: -92.383
2.4. Import logging data for the offset well
2.5. Paste in other data from Excel spreadsheet
2.6. Display data in appropriate view
2.7. Calculate OBG using “best practices”
2.7.1. Use Miller method to calculate shallow RHOBs
2.7.2. Determine top of “good” RHOB in the wireline data.
2.7.3. Combine shallow RHOB from Miller transform with wireline RHOB
data using Data > Composite command.
2.7.4. Calculate OBG using composite RHOB developed in previous step

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2.8. Pick shales, analyze shale points for both resistivity and sonic, filter
shale points
2.9. Draw linear resistivity compaction trend
2.10. Calculate Bowers or Miller (choice) sonic NCT
2.11. Calculate PP from resistivity using Eaton
2.12. Calculate PP from sonic using Bowers or Miller velocity/effective stress
relationship
2.13. Calibrate calculated PPs to MDTs and mud weight curve as closely as
possible using VES curve fit functionality in crossplot.
2.14. Calculate fracture gradients from resistivity and sonic PPs using the
Mathews and Kelly method with a constant K0 value of 0.8.
2.15. Calculate PP from checkshot using same Bowers or Miller
velocity/effective stress relation ship as was used for sonic. Does
checkshot agree well with filtered sonic shale points?

3. Overview of Drillworks 3D
3.1. Using the map
3.2. Creating a cube from offset well data
3.3. Creating a cube from imported volume data
3.3.1. Text Files
3.3.2. SEG Y Files
3.4. Creating sections and surfaces
3.5. Analyzing data in 3D
3.6. Exporting from 3D
3.6.1. Volumes
3.6.2. Datasets

4. Analyzing the Target Well Using Drillworks 3D

4.1. Import the velocities into 3D.
4.1.1. File Format
4.1.1.1. One line per data point
4.1.1.2. Has unit line after column title
4.1.1.3. Location columns are partially filled
4.1.2. Cube Coordinate origin
4.1.2.1. UTM zone 15
4.1.2.2. Coordinate units are meters
4.1.2.3. Reference units are feet
4.1.3. Mudline location
4.1.3.1. First point in the trace
4.2. Display velocity cube boundary on the map
4.3. Calculate OBG using “best practices”
4.3.1. Compare the offset well’s interval velocity dataset with the check
shot data. Ratio the interval velocity dataset as required to obtain a
reasonable fit with offset well’s check shot dataset. Apply this ratio
to the averaged velocity at the target well.

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4.3.2. Apply this ratio to the interval velocity volume using the Convert Unit
UDM.
4.3.3. Calculate a RHOB cube from the ratio’d interval velocity volume
using Gardner equation. Select use Miller method for shallow
sediments check box.
4.3.4. Calculate OBG cube
4.4. Calculate PP cube using Bowers or Miller VES relationship
4.5. Calculate fracture gradient cube using Matthews and Kelly method and
a constant K0 value of 0.8.
4.6. View the OBG, PP, FG and the ratio’d interval velocity cubes together
as reference cubes
4.7. Export OBG, PP, and FG from the target location to Predict

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Day 3
Uncertainty Analysis and Safeseal

Uncertainty Analysis
1. Origin of uncertainties
2. Sources of error
3. Monte Carlo
4. Practicals

Safeseal
1. Limitations on shale pressure estimation
2. Calibrating sand pressure to shale pressure
3. What does Safe Seal do?
4. Practicals

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Day 4
Basic Rock Mechanics for Wellbore Stability Analysis

1. The need for geomechanics – drilling applications

1.1. Some fundamentals – Geomechanics jargon!
1.2. Class exercise: Develop common understanding of the definition of
commonly used rock mechanics / wellbore stability analysis terminology.
2. Earth Stresses and Strain
2.1. Stress and stress definitions (effective stresses)
3. Origins of in situ Earth stresses
3.1. Effective stress; Terzaghi and Biot
3.2. Class exercise: Effective stress calculations
4. Horizontal stresses and Leak Off Tests
4.1. Class exercise: develop calibrated minimum horizontal stress gradient
(ShG) using Geostress
5. Wellbore stresses and wellbore failure
6. Basic equations in Geostress
7. Assumptions and limitations
8. Strength Definitions, Rock Mechanical Properties and Rock Failure
8.1. Strength definitions
8.2. How solids fail – tension, shear, compression
8.3. Measuring rock strength in the laboratory and in the field
8.4. Class exercise:
8.4.1. deriving rock strength parameters from laboratory tests
8.4.2. user defined strength parameters in Lithology Column
8.5. Rock strength correlations
9. Stress modeling
9.1. Stress strain behavior of real rocks
9.2. Elastic
9.3. Elastic / brittle
9.4. Elastic / plastic
9.5. Predicting failure under general stress conditions (failure criteria)
9.6. Choice of failure criteria
9.7. Class exercise:
9.7.1. introduction to Geostress structure
9.7.2. compare 3 failure criteria in Geostress
9.8. Calibration of wellbore stability model

10. Geostress Practicals

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