Alan Dateline - TurkicWorld

ALANS
Alans, Alani, Alanliao, Aorses, As, Asii, Asses, Balanjar, Barsils, Belenjers,
Burtas, Halans, Iass, Iazyg, Ishkuza, Ishtek, Jass, Lan, Ostyak, Ovs, Rhoxolani,
Steppe Alans, Yass, Yancai and other variations
Subdivisions and ethnic affiliates
Alans, Burtas, Rhoxolani, Wusuns, Yasses, Yazygs

650 BC-1400 AD
  Yancai Alans Yazyg Alans Alans Alans Amortica Alans Caucasus Alans Caucasus Alans   
300 BC - 0 AD 0-500 AD 500 - 1400 AD 400-600 AD 900-1000 AD 1000-1400 AD

 
DATELINE
Time Events
Ases are first mentioned in Assirian sources as the Scythian name Ishkuza = Ish-Oguz or Ish-kiji,
650 BC with the same semantic, where Ish is a variation of ethnonym As, and Oguz or kiji stand for
people
Tribe of Aderbics, part of Masguts/Massagetae, sent 40 thousand infantrymen and 2 thousand
horsemen to the camp of Darius the Great at the Babylon. It is evidence of the large nomadic
500 BC population living on the banks of the Uzboy. Period from 7th c. BC to 5th c. AD was flourishing
for Aral-Caspian area, combining settled agricultural and tribes specializing in sheep or horse
animal husbandry. Symbiosis of farmers and nomads.
From Chinese sources Alans are listed as one of four Hunnish tribes (Xu-la, Lan, Hiu-bu, Siu-lin)
most favored by kings of Eastern Huns (Mao-dun/Mete and his son Ki-ok/Kok) of 3rd century B.C.
(ToOD 146). Hiu-bu and Siu-lin are Ch. coding variations for Yui tribes, Uigurs; Lan stands for
300 BC Alan = Tr. alan, yalan = steppe, synonymous with  Tr. yaziq = plain, plateau (Yazygs, Ases,
Yases). Alt. name for Alans (probably, a W.Europe subtribe) is Gu-alan, Tr. quw alan = dry
steppe; both names indicate part of clans living in steppe, while other part lives by river,
mountain, forest etc. 1
220 BC End 3rd c. BC Earliest notable Sarmatian migration to Scythia
210 BC ca 310- 100 BC Second, largest stage of Sarmatian migration to Scythia, ended with crush of
Scyths and Sarmatian dominance in N.Pontic
HUN EMPIRE
204 B.C - 216 A.D
204 BC Area - At north, Siberia; south, Tibet - Kashmir; east, Pacific Ocean; west, Caspian
Sea; (Total Area - 18,000,000 Km 2)
Founder - Mete (Bagatir, Maotun, Batur) of Suy-Lyanti clan with a bull totem
establishes Hunnic Empire
107 BC First historical appearance of Rhoxolani, between Dnieper and Don: Tasius, leader of Rhoxolani,
ally of Palacus, King of Crimean Scythians, against Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus
64 BC 64/47 B.C. First historical appearance of Aorsi, between Don and North-West of Caspian Sea:
Spadines, King of Aorsi at time of Pharnaces, King of Bosporus

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WESTERN HUN EMPIRE

48 BC - 216 A.D
48 BC
Founder – Panu
Area - area over present Central Asia
16 BC Consul Lucius Rufus repulsed first attack of Iazyges on Moesia
6 Iazyges and Dacians again attacked Moesia
35 35-36 AD Alan participation in Ibero-Parthian (Artabanus II) war on side of Iberia.
Eunones, King of Aorsi, ally of Romans and of Cotys I, King of Bosporus, against Mithridates,
49
latter's brother
50 Iazyges  are noted on Tissa plain
50 Farzoy's empire formed in Middle Dniester coin
56 56-63 Plautius Sylvanus repulsed onslaught of Sarmatians on Lower Danube
60 60/67 Embassy to ”Greatest Kings of Aorsia”, perhaps from Olbia
Vologeses inscription: Parthian king Vologeses (51–80AD) in his 11th year battled Kuluk ( Kuluk ),
62
king of Alani.
67 67-68 Roxolans devastated Moesia
69 Rhoxolan raid against Moesia checked by Third Legion of Mark Antonius
69 Roxolans in alliance with Dacians again attacked Moesia. Farzoy resumes minting of gold coins
72 Alans invade S.Caucasus. Kuluk defeated Medians and Armenians in a raid south
72 Alan raid against Parthian vassal kingdoms of Media and Armenia.
75 In area between Dniester and Prut appeared Roxolans and Aorses-Amakeobies
89-92 Iazyges together with German tribe Suebi attacked Domitian, who suffered a crushing
89
defeat. This is first successful attack of barbarians against empire
93/123Possible alliance between local Barbarian chieftains and Alans at time of Sauromates I, King
93
of Bosporus
102 Roxolan cavalry participates in Decibal's raid to Lower Moesia
117 117-118 Roxolans from E., Yazygs from W., attack Roman Dacia
117/38 Sarmatian and Rhoxolan raids in Moesia under Hadrian. Peace with king of Rhoxolani,
117
probably P. Aelius Rasparaganus.

Dionysius Periegetes (the Guide) Orbis terrae descriptio map showing Huns (Unni),
124
Caspii, Massagets, Sacii, Alani, Scyths, Hyrcanii, Sarmats, Taurii

Tacitus: Emperor Hadrian (117-138 AD) pays Rhoxolani annual tribute and allows their transit by
128
the Roman roads through Dacia with Iazyges, who lived along Tissa
Alan campaign in Transcaucasus and Media. Alan raid against Albania, Media, Armenia and
135
Cappadocia, repelled by Flavius Arrianus of Nicomedia
138 138/61 Alan raids under Antoninus Pius
Ptolemy (83?-161? AD) writes that in European Sarmatia ‘below Agathyrsi (Akatsirs, Tr. agach ers
139 ‘forest people’) live Savari (Turkic Suvars), between Basternae and Rhoxolani (Tr. Uraksy Alans,
i.e. ‘Alans-farmers’) live Huns
Hou Han shu: In China, Alans were earlier known as Yancai (?? ”Vast Steppe”). They have about
100,000 bowmen and same way of life and clothes as Kangju (Kangars) and identical with Ta
150 Yueh-chih (”Great Tochars”). Yancai changed its name to kingdom of Alanliao with capital Di.
“Weishu” referring to 457: “Country of Sute (Sogdiana, with Samarkand) is situated west of
Pamirs. In ancient times it was Yancai.”
Hou Han shu: Alans are a dependency of Kangju (Tashkent plus the Chu, Talas, and middle
150
Jaxartes basins). The climate is temperate. Wax trees, pines, and aconite are plentiful
150 Mid. 2nd century Alans defeated by Roman army at Olbia
160 ca 160 First appearance of Alans in Lower Danube

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Lucianus Samosatensis (ca 120-180AD) and scholia to Lucianus mention “barbaric Kona” in the
160
east of Sarmatian lands around lower Danube, thought to refer to Kangars (see Besenyo Dateline)
During reign of Marcus Aurelius (161-180), Alans joined Sarmatian federation and Sarmatians
161 became dangerous again. Romans had to fight several bloody wars against Sarmatians and their
allies, Marcomanni
167 167/80 Alans in Germanic wars of Marcus Aurelius
ca 167-175 First Markoman War. Markomans, Quads, Yazygs in Middle Danube, Roxolans, Alans,
167
Costoboks and Free Dacians in Lower Danube
Marcus Aurelius defeats Iazyg tribe of Alans, takes 8000 into Roman service and
himself settles with 5,500 of them in Northern Britain at Ribchester south of
Lancaster. Alans were assigned to VI Legion Victrix commanded by Alani warlord
who was renamed Lucius Artorius Castus. When these auxiliary cataphracti (heavy
175
cavalrymen) retired from duty they were settled near the Lancashire village of
Ribchester, known in Roman times as Bremetennacum Veteranorum. In 20th c
population along Hadrian Wall  records elevated level of group B blood, 16% vs
8%
178-180 Second Markoman war Dacia was attacked from by Markomans, Quads, Iazyges from the
178
west, Roxolans, Carps, and free Dacians from the east., Alans etc from the north
180 Rhoxolani North of East Danube border shortly before death of Marcus Aurelius
ca 178-180 Second Markoman War. Dacia is attacked by Markomans, Quads, Yazygs from W.,
178
Roxolans, Carpii, Free Dacians from E., Alans from N
185 185/89 Alan raid against Mc'xet'a, capital of Iberia, intercepted by Georgian king Amzasp II
193 193/208 Erakas, ”chief interpreter of Alans” at Panticapaeum
ca 210 Sarmatians (federated with Alans) occupied Dacia and from then on war against tribes on
210
north bank of Danube was really dangerous
End of HUN EMPIRE
End of WESTERN HUN EMPIRE
216 204 B.C - 48 BC (split) - 216 A.D  
Area - At north, Siberia; south, Tibet - Kashmir; east, Pacific Ocean; west, Caspian
Sea; (Total Area - 18,000,000 Km 2)
Founder - Mete (Bagatir, Maotun, Batur)
Western Hun Empire separates into 5 successor states (215-290)
216  
Tele (Gaogyuys)
Hou Han shu: Alans were vassals of Kangju (Tashkent plus the Chu, Talas, and middle Jaxartes
225
basins). Now they are no longer vassals
225 Alans allied with Armenian king Xosrov I against Persians
ca 230 Goths come to NW Pontic. Roxolans arrive at Tissa plain to Yazygs. Archeology finds
Yazygs in utter poverty, their only supplies coming from Roxolans, from whom they were cut off
230
for generations. Combined Roxolans and Yazygs are somewhat better off, but now they both are
cut off from commerce.
235 235-38 Reign of Maximinus, supposedly of Alan descent
238 238/44 Defeat of Gordianus III before Alans at Philippi
242 Alans allied with Goths and Carpi intrude Thrace and defeat Gordian II at Phyllipolys
243/73 Expansion of area of influence of Sasanian Persia as far as ”Gate of Alans” (Darial) under
243
Sabuhr I
260 Death of usurper Regalianus in Moesia, at  request of Rhoxolani
274 Alans in triumph of Aurelian over Zenobia of Palmyra and Gallic usurper Esuvius Tetricus
276 276/82 Skirmishes between Rome and Alans under Probus
by 300, Ammianus, XXXI, 2, 12: Alans ”by repeated victories incorporated under their own
300 national name Geloni, Agathyrsi, Melanchlaeni, Anthropophagi, Amazons, and Seres”, showing a
leadership of powerful state by Ammianus time

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300 Goths subjugated Alans with their subjects reaching to Don on E.

330/38 Alans allied with Sanesan, king of ”Massagetae” (Mazk'owtk'), against Armenian king
Xosrov II Kotak
330
330's  King Sanesan of Maskuts/Masguts/Massagets ~ Sanatruk (Truk ~ Turkic) ruler of
Paitakaran (~Bai Tarhanlyk)
351 351/67 Alans allied with Armenian king Arsak II against Persians
Earliest known European record about Bulgarians is “Anonymous chronograph“, a list of tribes and
354
peoples in Latin. He mentions a certain 'Ziezi ex quo Vulgares'
356 356/7 Shapur II repulses Chionite Huns on border of Persia
359 Chionite King Grumbat took part in siege of Amida as federati of Persian Shah Shapur II 
Huns cross Volga and attack Alans. Part of Alans retreat to N. Caucasus, part is absorbed in Huns
360 Horde, part retreat to N. Donets. Most likely, after conquest a part of Bulgars joins Huns, and a
part remains
Jordanes: With approach of Huns Alans revolt against Goths, helping Huns to move against
360 Ostrogoths under Ermanaric. Alans concluded concordia with Huns to move against Ermanaric
under unknown terms of alliance
Hunno-Alanic alliance guaranteed Alan partner considerable degree of independence and large
360
share of loot. Alans are part of Hunnic confederation (ca 360-398)
370 370-376 War between Alans and Goths.
370 Huns control N. Pontic, Tanais and N. Caspian steppes. Living there Alans join Huns.
371 Huns invade Goths' possessions in N.Pontic
372 Don Alans crushed by Huns. Part of Alans joins Huns to Europe
EUROPEAN HUN EMPIRE
375 – 454 A.D
375 Founder - brothers Muncuk, Oktar, Rua & Aybars
Area - S Russia, Romania, N Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria, Chekoslovakia, S& C Germany. From E
France to Urals; from N.Hungary to Byzantine Empire (Area - 4,000,000 Km2)
375 Ammianus Marcellinus bk. XXXI, 12 considers Alans to be descendents of Masguts (Massagets)
Battle between Alans under Bulumar (Jordanes, XLVIII, 249) and Ostrogoths at river Erac (present
Tiligul). After death of Vitimir young Vidirix bacame a King. Alatei and Safrac ruled under his
375
name. Both names Alatei and Safrac sound more Turkic then Germanic, they may be Hun's
viceroys. Ostrogoths retreated to Dniester.
Ammianus Marcellinus: ”After his (Hermanaric) departure, Vitimir was made a King, and resisted
375 Halans for some time… But after many defeats he suffered, he was subdued by arms and died in
battle”
375 375-383 Alans serve in Gratian's guards. Alania in Lower Danube
375 Subjection of Alans by Huns, Destruction of Ostrogothic realm of Ermanaric by Huns and Alans
Huns captured Atel-Kuzu (Bessarabia). Alans remained in Dacia. Vestgoths and Ostrogoths,
376
defeated by Huns and Alans, retreated to Danube
With Ermanaric's Ostrogoths, Hun's Bulumar (Balamber) acquired not only Alans, but other
Ostrogoth subjects. Jordanes: ”thirteen peoples which the Amalung ruler Ermanaric conquered in
north: Golthescytha (Goths Scyths), Thiudos (Germ. People), Inaunxis?, Vasinabroncae?, Merens
376 (Merya,), Mordens (Mordvins), Imniscaris?, Rogas (Germ.), Tadzans?, Athaul (Turk.
Atagul=Archers), Navego?, Bubegenes?, Coldas”, plus Heruli, Aesti (Ests, Estonians) and Venethi,
numerous people Taifali who before 370 held Oltenia and western part of Muntenia. In Gaul
Taifali, probably Turkic, and Sarmatians were settled together
376 Huns and Alans appeared in Pannonia
377 377/8 Alliance of Huns and Alans with XXX or Barbarians in Moesia
Ammianus: Romans had their Saracen horses. This is before Kumans=Kipchaks show up under a
377 name Saracen by 500 years. Ptolemy's Geography refers to distinct from Arabs ?????????
Sarakenoi people in north-western Arabian peninsula

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Romans cornered Visigoths against Danube, and Ammianus stresses that number of Huns and
Alans was small, but threatening rear of Romans, they removed Roman siege. Strategic move on
377
such scale required more than agreement between Visigoths and Huns. Very first account of Hun
raid into Balkan provinces shows their cohesion and abilities
Oldest son of Hun's Bulyumar (Balamber) Alyp-bi defeats Sadums (Goths/Scandinavians), crossed
Danube and with Visigoths, Ostrogoths and Alans defeats 80K Byzantium army at Andrianopole.
378
Precise maneuvering and overreaching encirclement of Roman forces and supplies by Huns and
Alans shows immaculately coordinated strategic campaign.
378 Valeria, the easternmost province of Pannonia, overrun by Goths, Huns, and Alans
Visigoths overrun Taifali in Oltenia, and Sarmatae Limigantes, the ”slaves” of Sarmatae
378 Argaragantes, join Visigoths sent by Huns to capture Banat (Caucaland), turned against their
Argaragante lords. Pannonia Sarmats join Huns
Gratian, attacked by Alans in Pannonia. Alans in army of Fritigern, king of Visigoths, in  battle of
378 Adrianople (Aug. 9th). Defeat and death of Emperor Valens. Raids by Goths, Huns and Alans as
far as Constantinople
379 Victories of Emperor Theoodosius over Alans, Huns and Goths
New Roman Emperor Theodosius settles Gothic problem diplomatically. Goths become federates,
380
and Alans move north
380-395 Alans clear Dacia and Bessarabia from Vestgoths, Taifals, Gepids, Burgunds and other
380
peoples. Huns went to Pontic steppes
Recruitment of Alans into Roman army by Gratian. Settling of Alan, Hun and Gothic auxiliary
380
troops in Pannonia by Theodosius
383/4Alan and Hun auxiliary troops called on by  Frankish magister militum Bauto against
383
Juthungi in Raetiae
390 Ethnographic excursus on Alans by historian Ammianus Marcellinus
Saul, general of Theodosius' Alan auxiliary troops in battle of River Frigidus against Arbogast and
394
usurper Flavius Eugenius
Hun campaign in Transcaucasus and even raid Syria (Caucasus, Syria, Cappadocia, and
395 Mesopotamia ). Alans, Ostrogoths and Geruls, retreated earlier to Transcaucasus, subordinate to
Huns
398 Alan auxiliary troops in Norrn Italy,
400 Alans and Bolgars live between Itil and Don
401 401/10Alans in army of Visigothic king Alaric in Norrn Italy
Ruler of Western Empire Stilihon allied with Huns and Alans, who help Stilihon to fight off attack
402
of German tribes
Alan auxiliary troops in Stilicho's army in battle of Pollentia against Alaric. Internecine strife
402
between Alans and Huns (location unknown)
Orosius: between federates in Roman service after 402... ”I say nothing of the many internecine
402 conflicts, when two cunei of Goths, and then Alans and Huns, destroyed one another in mutual
slaughter”
Hunnic noblemen, Attila's relatives and retainers, have either Turkish or Germanic names. There
402
evidently were few, if any, Alans among leading group
405 New help by Huns and Alans to Stilihon to fight off attack of German tribes (Sweves).
405 Alan and Hun auxiliary troops in army led by Stilicho against Ostrogothic king Radagaisus
Alans join Vandals in invasion to Gallia (modern France). Migration of Pannonia Alans and Vandals
406
to Gaul
Crossing of Rhine by Vandal king Godigisel and Alan king Respendial. Battle against Prankish
406
foederati in Roman service (Dec.31st). Earlier defection of Alan Goar
Disintegration of Hun's confederation: Alans left Huns. From 360 to 398 Huns and Alans are
constantly named together, Huns mostly, though not always, in first place. In 394 only
transdanubian Alans, led by Saul, joined Emperor Theodosius; of the Huns only those in Thrace
406

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marched under imperial dragons. Alans, but no Huns, served Stilicho in 398 and, still under Saul,
in 402. In 406, however, Stilicho's barbarian auxiliaries consisted of Huns and Goths; his
bodyguard was formed by Huns. Huns, but no Alans, served in the Roman army in 409
After 406, Western writers knew of Alans only in Gaul, Spain, and Africa. No author of fifth
406
century mentions Alans as allies of Huns
Alans settled extensively north of Loire river, once called Armorica, now called Brittany. Alans
arrived at about same time as Celtic Britons were fleeing to France after Saxon takeover of
407 England. Alans and Celtic Britons intermarried extensively. Legacy of Alans includes French name
”Alain” and its many variations, and cultural foundation of chivalric warfare (armored knights on
horseback) =>see 436
407 Invasion of Gaul by Alans, Suebi and Vandals
409 Alans and Vandals moving from Gallia to Spain
Part of Alans, with Respendial at helm, intruded into Pyrenean peninsula, where they formed
409 Alanian state. Captured lands were shared between Alans and German tribes of Vandals and
Svevs taking part in the invasion
409 Invasion of Spain by Alans, Suebi and Vandals
410  Alania in Lower Danube
410 Bulgars attack Lombards (Longobards)
411 Goar (Goarchur) (?- 415) leads Alans who abandoned his Vandal allies
Dividing up of Spain among invaders:  Alans, lords of Lusitania and Carthaginiensis. Failed
411
attempt at an agreement with Emperor Honorius
411 Alans in service of Gerontius, magister milltum of usurper Maximus in Tarraco
Proclamation of usurper Jovinus in Mundiacum (Germania Secunda) by Alan Goar and Burgundian
411
Gunthiarius
412 Byzantine Embassy to Western Huns in Pontic area
414 Defection of Alans allied to Visigoths during siege of Vasatae (Aquitaine)
415  Attaces (Addak) (415 - 426) Alanian King killed in battle against the Visigoths
416 Alans were followed into Spain by numerous tribes of Westgoths
416 416/7 Campaigns led by Vallia, king of Visigoths, against Alans and Vandals in Spain
Westgoths defeated Alans. Alanian Chief Addak perished in combat. With his doom Alanian state
on Pirenean peninsula ceased to exist. From this we can see a possible explanation how ht35
418
haplotype may have arrived in Spain and subsequently in Spanish Netherlands, which may be of
interest in evaluating the DYS393=12 allele
Addac, king of Alans in Spain, defeated and killed by Vallia, perhaps at Gibraltar (”in Tartessian
418
lands”). Submission of surviving Alans to Gunderic, king of Asding Vandals in Gallaecia
Alans in 418 subjugated themselves to the patrocinium of the Vandal king, they retained their
418
tribal organization until the end of Vandal kingdom
Huns occupied Pannonia. Western Huns settle in middle Danube. Rulers were Yabgu Roila
420
(Rugila), Aybat (Eur. Mundzuk) and Kagan Oktar
422 Byzantine peace treaty with Persia
424 424-71 Activity and pre-eminence of family of  Alan Flavius Ardabur Aspar in Byzantium
428 428-77 Geiseric, King of Vandals and Alans. Orga nization of Vandal army in chiliarchies
429 Crossing of Vandals and Alans from Spain to North Africa
434 Huns siege Constantinople. Death of Rugila. Beginning of joint rule by Atilla and Bleda
St. Germanus pleads with Alanic King to spare Armoricans. Alans begin to settle in Armorica 
436
=>see 407
440 Settling in Valence of Alans under chieftain Sambida
442 Settling of Alans in Transalpine Gaul by Aetius
Beginning of Attila sole reign  Attila's 8 years overshadowed previous and following centuries in
445

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memory of Romans 
447/8 Eochar, king of Alans, sent by Aetius against Bacaudae of Armorica as a reprisal for their
447
revolt, and stopped by St. Germanus, bishop of Auxerre
Attila's defeat of Akatsir Scythians and appointment of Ellak as ruler of Pontus Huns. Eastern
448
Roman ambassadors in Attila's camp
Lazar Parbetsi: Allied armies of S.Caucasian countries capture fortifications named “pahane
450 Honsu“ (defense against Hons)
Destruction of Chor (future Derbent) fortress by rebellious Armenians and Albanians
450 450/60 Expedition of Georgian king Vaxtang Gorgasali against Alans
451.06.15 ”Battle of Peoples” at Catalaun ravine near present Trua. On Atilla's side are Huns,
451 Geruls, and part of Franks Ostrogoths, on Aecius side Roman legions recruited from Gaul and
Germany, Vestgoths, Burgunds, Franks, Armorician Alans headed by Sanhiban. No definite result.
Sangiban, king of Alans in Orleans, ally of Aetius and Visigothic king Theodoric in battle of
451
Catalaunian Fields against Attila, king of Huns
452 Huns invasion in Azerbaijan
453 Subjection of [part of] Alans in [Transalpine] Gaul by Visigothic king Thorismud
Jordanes: You could see Goth with lances, Gepids with mad with sword, Rug breaking spears in
454 his wounds, and Swev bravely acting with bat, and Hun with arrow, Alan with heavy, Gerule with
light weapons
Atilla's son Ellak tried to suppress rebellion, was defeated and died in battle at Nedao. Remains of
454 Ellak's army retreated east of Carpathians. Two other sons Dengizik and Ernak remained in Dacia
and Bessarabia. Alans, led by ruler Kandak were forced to go to Dobrudja
End of EUROPEAN HUN EMPIRE
275 – 454 A.D
454 Founder - brothers Muncuk, Oktar, Rua & Aybars
Area - S Russia, Romania, N Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria, Chekoslovakia, S& C Germany. From E
France to Urals; from N.Hungary to Byzantine Empire (Area - 4,000,000 Km2)
Alans in battle at Nedao River (Pannonia) between Ardaric, king of Gepids, and sons of Attila.
455
Later settling in Scythia Minor and Lower Moesia of Alan chieftain Candac
455 Abdaly (Hephthalites) conquer Kushans and invade India
456 Byzantine captures Lazika
“Weishu” referring to 457: “Country of Sute (Sogdiana, with Samarkand) is situated west of
Pamirs. In ancient times it was Yancai. It is also called Wennasha. It lies on an extensive swamp
457
northwest of Kangju (Kangar). It is 16,000 li distant from Dai. Formerly, the Xiongnu (Eastern
Huns) killed their king and took their country. King Huni was third ruler of the line.”
458 Alan auxiliary troops in Majorian's army
463 Saragurs subjugate Akatsirs
464 Beorgor, king of Alans, defeated and killed at Bergamo by patrician Ricimer (Feb. 6th)
466 Invasion of Saragurs and Onogurs in Transcaucasia
468 - 469 Danube war between Huns and Byzantium. Bel-Kermek (Hernach) after Dengizik death
468 leads army. Byzantium beats off invasion with difficulty. Byzantium mercenary army consists of
Slavs and Alans commanded by Aspar, whose father was Alan
”in some respect Danube war of 468 - 469 was a war of Alans and Ants against their former
468 masters, Huns.” (G.V.Vernadsky). After Byzantian victory Huns left Dacia and Bessarabia. These
provinces opened for Slavic colonization.
468 Huns offer alliance to East Roman empire

469 Death of Dengizih (Diggiz)

477 477-84 Huneric, King of Vandals and Alans

478 Attempted murder of consul Illus, counselor of Emperor Zeno, by an Alan

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481 Goths' Theodoric, son of Triariya, victory over Bulgars

487 487/8 Expedition from Ravenna against Rugi led by Scirian king Odoacer with an army of Alans
530 530-33 Gelimer, King of Vandals and Alans
531/78 Foundation of Darband and fortification of Eastern and Central Caucasus by Sasanian king
531
Husrav Anosruvan against incursions of Northern nomads. Creation of March of Alans
534 Destruction of Vandal kingdom of Africa by Belisarius
Alliance made by Gubazes, king of Lazi, with Alans and Sabirs against Iberia at time subjected to
548
Sasanian Persia
549 Alans in expedition of Sasanian general Chorianes (Farroxan) against Lazica
Mid. 6th century. Period of king Sarosius' government in Alania. Establishment of tight contacts
550
between Alania and Byzanthia.
550 Geographical description of Caucasus by Procopius of Caesarea
Zachariah Ritor: Bulgars and Alans are mentioned once as settled populations with towns, and
551 once as nomads. He points that Bulgarian towns, inhabited lands are immediately next to Caspian
gates, while nomads are in steppes north of Caucasus
Z. Ritor: ”Thirteen peoples Avnagur (Onogur), Avgar, Sabir, Burgar, Alan, Kurtargar, Avar, Hasar,
551 Dirmar, Sirurgur, Bagrasir, Kulas, Abdel and Hephtalite live in tents, earn their living on meat of
livestock and fish, of wild animals and by their weapons.”
GOKTURK KAGANATE
552 - 743 A.D
552 Founder - Bumin Khan (Tumen)
Area - From Black Sea across Asia along northern borders of Mongolia and China almost to Pacific
Ocean, and valleys of Altay Mountains (Ergenikon) (Total Area - 18,000,000 Km 2)
555 Description of Caucasus by Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor
556 Possible territorial conflicts between Alans and Misimians, subjects of king of Lazica
557 Arrival of Avars in land of Sarosius (Sarodius, Saroes), king of Alans
Gumilev: Vars (Ugrian tribe, related to Hungarian ancestors Ogors/Ugrs which lived between Itil
558 and Ural rivers, and to Hungarians living in Bashkiria up to XIII c.) and Huni (Khionites =
Sarmato-Alanians), both from North of Aral Sea, become known as Avars.
Fifty years peace between Justinian and Husrav Anosruvan. Alans and Huns forbidden to cross
561
Darial and Darband to attack Byzantine territory
In 563-567 Persians run successful military actions against Ephtalites, to about same time belongs
563 defeat by Khosrow Anushirvan of Savir tribes residing in S.Caucasus.  Savirs lived in the plains N.
and S. of Derbend, Southern Savirs lived next to or interspersed with Masguts (Alans)
Between 566 and 571 Istemi Djabgu subjugated peoples Banajar, Balanjar (Belenjer) and Khazar.
566 Baranjar (Balanjar) = Onogur = Utigur Bolgars. Khazar influence increased as Khazars became
Turks closest allies and assistants.
569-571/2 Embassy of Zemarchus to Khanate of Western Turks. Persian attempt to intercept
569 Zemarchus through Alans. On way back, tension between Sarodius, king of Alans, and Turkic
ambassadors
572 Saroes, king of Alans, ally of John, strategos of Armenia, against Persians
574/78 Alans (allies of Persians) captured and taken as hostages to Byzantium under Tiberius
574
Constantine
Byzantine foray into Sassanid-controlled Albania, Byzantine generals Kurs and Theodor relocated
576 Albanian Savirs and Alans on other sode of Kura. Beginning of Alan control of Daryal Pass, it
becomes Alan Pass
576 Possible subjection of [part of] Alans by Western Turks
580 Incursion of Alans in pay of Byzantium against Persian Azerbaijan
“Sui shu“ (581 to 618) chapter 84 “Description Of Tele“ lists 45 tribes of Asian steppe, including
581
a-lan (Alans). Alans are included in listing of Turkic-speaking Tele tribes.

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Campaign of Hudaifa b. Asid (Asad), general of Caliph 'Umar I, in mountains of Alans. Fortification
642
of passes of Central Caucasus by Arabs
With loss of W.Khaganate rule, former confedrate Khazaria with attached Bolgar Kutugurs, Alans,
651
Slavs and Itil Bolgars gain independence. Khazars keep Khagan from dynasty Ashina.
651 Defeat of Khazar-Alan army by Abd Al Rahman Arabs in Euphrates battle
655 Gumilev: Khazars cooperate with Iranian speaking Alans
662 662/3 Muslim expedition against Alans
Bat-Boyan Bolgars are defeated by Khazars. Khazars recover territory with east Bolgar (Utugur)
670
and Alan populations.
Albanian missionary bishop Israel describes ”Kingdom of Huns” (Belenjer) capital Varachan located
682 north of Derbent, and Tangri cult of Northern Dagestan Baranjar (Balanjar) = Onogur = Utigur
Bolgars, subordinated to Khazars
705/15 Adventures of spatharius Leo (future Emperor Leo III) in Caucasus. Alan raids against
705
Abasgia (under Arab rule) instigated by Justinian II
715 715/20 Arab expedition against Alans under Caliph 'Umar II
721 721/2 Invasion of country of Alans by Turks (Khazars)
Second Khazar - Arab war (722-737) First campaign of Arabian troops led by Zh. Jirrah in
722
Northern Caucasus against Alans and Khazars
722 722/3 Defeat of Arab general Tabit al-Nahram by Alans and Khazars
723 Khazars lose Balanjar to Arabs, move capital to Samandar
723 723/4 Expedition against Alans and Khazars led by al Jarrah b. 'Abdallah al-Hakami
724/5 Alans, tributary people to Umayyad Caliphate as a result of expedition against them led by
724
al-Hajjaj b. 'Abd al-Malik
728/9 Expedition against Turks (Khazars) led by Maslamah b. 'Abd al-Malik through Gate of Alans
728
(Darial)
730/1 Defeat and death of al-Jarrah b. 'Abdallah al Hakami at hands of Turkic (Khazar) invaders
730
from country of Alans
735 Campaign of Arabian military leader Mervan Kru in Alania. Alanian king Itaz
735 735/6 Conquest of three fortresses in country of Alans by Marwan b. Muhammad
737 737/8 Expedition against country of Khazars led by Marwan b. Muhammad through Gate of Alans
751 Alan auxiliary troops in Armenia serving in army of Constantine V
758 Conquest of Gate of Alans by Yazid b. Usayd b. Sulami
770 Oguzes came to Transoxania in 770's
772 War between Greeks and Bulgars. Khazaria unites with Alania
776 St. Beat map between estuaries of Danube and Dniester shows country Alania
820 820/23 Alans in army of Thomas Slav, leader of revolt against Byzantine Emperor Michael II
842 842/47 Travel of Sallam, interpreter to court of king of Khazars, through country of Alans
851/2 Expedition of Turk Abu Musa Buga Elder against Georgians, Abkhaz, Alans and Khazars.
851
One hundred Alan households deported to Dmanisi (Tasiri)
888 888-907--Alan I the Great, King of Brittany
888 888/923 Alan Baqat'ar, ally of Bagrat I of Abkhazia against Georgian king Adarnase II
895 Alans and Bulgars freed from Khazar power
900 Alano-Khazar war during reign of Aaron, king of Khazaria
903 903/13 Geographical description of kingdom of Alania by Ibn Rustah
905/15 Conversion of king of Alans to Christianity through intercession of exusiastes of Abasgia.
905
Beginning of mission of Peter, Archbishop of Alania
First missions of Christian preachers from Byzantine to Alania. Establishing Alan arch-episcopate.
910
Peter a first arch-bishop of Alania

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920 Khazars fight with Burtas (Steppe Alans or As), Oghuz, Byzantines, Kengeres and Kara Bolgars
Attempt at an anti-Bulgarian alliance by Emperor Romanus I Lecapenus with Ruses, Pechenegs,
924
Alans and Magyars
930 Khazars ally with Alans who adopt Judaism, and arrange a dynastic marriage
931 Christian religion abjured by Alans. Expulsion of bishops and priests sent by Byzantine Emperor
943/56 Geographical description of kingdom of Alania by al-Mas'udi. First recorded appearance of
943
its capital city, Magas. Alliance between king of Alans and king of Daghestan Avars
Al-Masoudi ”Meadows of gold and mines of precious stones”: ”King of Alans furnishes 30,000
943 cavalry ... He is a powerful king, strong, and he enjoys more influence than other kings”. By that
account, at ca 900 AD Alania has 150,000 population
944 944/5 Incursion of Alans, Russians and Lesghians against Arran
945/59 First recorded appearance of exusiocrator of Alania (dated during reign and literary activity
945
of Constantine Porphyrogenitus)
965 Destruction of Khazar Empire and defeat of Alans and Circassians by Rus prince Svyatoslav of Kyiv
Ibn Haukal in the ”Face of the Earth” records that Azeri and Persian languages were being used
977
as Lingua Franca across the Caucasus
1014 1014/27 Alda, Alan princess, wife of Giorgi I of Georgia
1029 Death of Urdure, king of Alans, slain in battle by Kwirike III, king of Kaxet'i
1029 Expedition led by prince Yaroslav Wise of Kyiv against Alans
1032-33 Failed incursions of Alans, Avars and Ruses against Muslim city-states of Sarwan and
1032
Darband, in East Transcaucasia
1050/55 Love affair between Emperor Constantine IX Monomachus and a daughter of king of
1050
Alania
1062/65 Alan raids through Darial against Saddadid emirate of Arran (East Transcaucasia).
1062
Dorgoleli, king of Alans. Marriage of Georgian king Bagrat IV with Alan princess Borena
1065 Visit of Alanian king Durguleit Great to Georgian king Bagrat IV in Kutais
Many Bretons of Alanic ancestry joined William The Conqueror in the conquest of Britain,
contributing military tactics inherited from their forebears, and later spread their genetic influence
across Britain into Scotland and elsewhere. One of the highest frequencies of R1b Haplotype 35
anywhere in the Y-STR database is among sample from Paris, France, adjacent to Normandy, and
1066 even more so, among Americans of ”Cajun” descent. ”Cajun” is actually a colloquial contraction of
the word ”Acadian” (now Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and portions of northern Maine).
Majority of early French Canadian settlers of both Acadia and Quebec were of Norman or Breton
origin. Many Scottish families who exhibit DYS393=12 marker are as likely to be descended from
the Alans who arrived with the Normans, as from the Sarmatians who came with the Romans
Marriage of Maria of Alania with Byzantine emperor Michael VII Duca Parapinaces (1071-1078 d.
1072
1078). Marriage of Georgian king George III with Alanian princess Burduhan
1072/75 Recruitment of mercenary troops in Alania by Michael VII Ducas in order to face revolt of
1072
Norman Roussel of Bailleul. Alan mercenaries in service of Comneni brothers in Anatolia
1075/95 Intrigues in Byzantium of Maria of Alania, wife of Michael VII Ducas and Nicephorus III
1075
Botaneiates. Irene of Alania, wife of Sebastocrator Isaac Comnenus
Adam of Bremen (ca 1050-1085) described ancient Scythian tribes in eastern Baltic region,
pointed out: "'There live Alans or Albans, who in their own language are called Vizzes. The last
1085
are very cruel Ambrones born with white hair". (Vizzes/Wizzes could be Vizigoths,or Turkic biz?
with semantics of “painted”, e.g. Acathyrsi-type or Issyk kurgan or Pazyryk-type tatoo)
1089 King of Ovs (As, Alans) David Soslan's son marries Queen Tamar
1099 Formation of Karachai-Balkarian (Alan) people completed.
1107/8 Rhosmices, exusiocrator of Alania, in service of Byzantines during invasion of Epirus by
1107
Norman prince Bohemund of Antioch
Don Kipchaks are again invaded and defeated by Russian Princes. Cities Sharukhan, Sugrov and
1116
Balin with Alano-Bulgar populations are taken

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Rus expedition against Cumans. Marriage of Yaropolk, son of Vladimir II Monomah of Kyiv, to Alan
1116
princess
Alan mercenaries in army recruited by Alexius I Comnenus to face Turks of Seljuq Sultan Melik
1116
Shah
Kipchaks make peace with Alans. Khan Otrak has 40K army and is allied with Georgian King David
1118
IV the Builder, and participates in war with Seljuks. Many Kipchaks settle in Georgia
1130 Abu Hamid al-Garnatfs stay in Darband
1150 Khuddan, king of Alans. Marriage of Georgian prince Giorgi to Alan princess Burdukhan
1150 Hieronim's map names Danube tributary r. Pruth ”Alanus”.
1153 Ibn al-Azraq's journey to Alania together with Georgian king Demetre I
1155 1155/6 Alan mercenaries in expedition to re-conquer Italy sent by Emperor Manuel I Comnenus
1160 1160/73 Benjamin of Tudela's journeys. Evidence for Jewish communities in Alania
1173/4 Incursion of Alans, Ruses, Cumans and Avars in service of Bekbars of Darband against
1173
Sirwansah Ahsatan b. Manucehr
Brother of the ”Yasian Princess” (brother-in-law of Prince) Alanian majordomo Kuchuk Anbal
1175
(Turk. ”small” + ”son of concubine”) killed Prince A. Bogolubsky
1184 1184/1212 Marriage of Georgian queen T'amar with Alan Davit Soslan
1185 Alan mercenaries in defence and reconquest of Thessalonica against Normans of Sicily
Annihilation of a corps of Alan mercenaries near Philippopolis (Plovdiv) by crusaders of German
1189
Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa
Defeat of Alans and Kipchaks in first fight against Mongol-Tatars. Mongol-Tatars seizing capital of
1222
Alania Magas (Meget)
1222 First Mongol expedition against Caucasus: defeat of Alans and Cumans
1225 1225/30 Alans in service of Georgian queen Rusudan against invasion of Hwarezmsah Galal al-Din
1226 1226/40 Pastoral journey of bishop Theodore to metropolitan see of Alania
1229/59 Subjection and transfer to China of Alan families by Mongols during reigns of Ogodei and
1229
Mongke
1236 1236/7 Qachir-Ukule, amir of Ases, captured and executed by Mongke on shores of Volga
1239 Annexation of Alania into Ulus Juchi
   
1239 1239/40 Alans and their capital *Magas conquered by Mongols
1243/69 Marriage of Georgian king Davit VII Ulu (Turk. ”David Uglu = Great”) to Alan [princess?]
1243
named Altun (Turk. ”Gold”)
1245 1245/55 Reported resistance to Mongols by part of Alans in Caucasus
1253 1253/55 Journey of Friar William of Rubruck to Mongol Empire. Alans in Qara Qorum.
1258 1258/1368 Military activity of Alan mercenaries in service of Mongol Yuan dynasty in China
Diplomatic relations between Mamluk Sultan al-Malik al-Zahir and Berke, Khan of Kipchak
1261
Khanate, through Alan merchants
1263 1263/64 Reported Alan settlements in Crimea
Massacre of a garrison of [Christian] Alans in service of Mongol general Bayan in Chinese city of
1275
Zhenchao (Jiangsu)
1277 1277/78 Expedition of Rus princes against Alans sent by Khan of Kipchak Khanate Mongke Termir
1278 Mongol-Tatars and Ruses seize Alanian town Dediakov.
1280 1280/1300 Alans in service of Mongol chieftain Noyai in Kipchak Khanate
1290 1290/1300 Raids led by Alan prince Parejan to Georgia
1298 1298/99 Alan merchants in Caffa (Crimea) during sacking of city by Mongol chieftain Noyai
1300/1 Civil war in Kipchak Khanate. Levy of army by Joge, son of Nogai, in ”country of Alans”,
1300
probably in Moldavia

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1300 1300/10 Raids led by Alan Bagatar in Georgia

1301 1301/65 Trading of Alan slaves from Italian colonies in North of Black Sea to Europe
1302 1302/4 Arrival of of Alanian mercenaries contingent in Byzantium. Military activity against Turks
1304 Byzantines recruit Caucasus Alans as proxy allies
1304/6 Clashes between Alanian mercenaries and Catalan Grand Company in lands of Byzantine
1304
Empire
1310 1310/23 Thirty thousand Alans in service of Mongol Yuan Emperors in China
1314 1314/46 Defeat and expulsion of Alans from Georgia by king Georgi V Illustrious
1318 First recorded testimony of presence of Alans (Yasses/Jasses) in Hungary
Itiles (i.e. Itil) and Temeres (i.e Timur) Alans in service of Bulgarian Tsar George II Terter, in
1322
charge of defence of Philippopolis against Byzantines
1329 Death of Sayf al-Din Bahadur As (i.e. Asian Bogatyr), renowned Alan Mamluk in Egypt
1333 Ibn Battuta's stay in Kipchak Khanate. Muslim Alans in Sarai al Djadid, capital city of Ozbeg Kagan
1336-53 Embassy sent by Mongol Emperor Togon Temur and five Alan princes in China to Pope
1336
Benedict XII. Mission of Friar John of Marignolli in Khan Baliq (Beyjing)
1349 John Cantacuzenus, ”Emperor of Alans”
1395 Tamerlan army invasion in Northern Caucasus, mass murder of Alanian population
1400 1400/34 Activity of Alan chieftain Arugtai in Mongolia
1690 2nd half 17 - beg. 18 century Kabardins (Adyg group) populate plains of Alania
Alans, like Scythians and Sarmatians, are suggested to be re-classified as Ossetian/Iranian/Indo-
1890 European speakers, and gradually become titled always only as “Iranian-speaking Alanians”, while
the simple ”Alans” totally disappear
Notes
1. The name ”Alan” does not necessarily mean Caspian Alans/Masguts/Massagetes, because it may serve
as locative adjective, which is seen in ethnically unrelated transparent ethnicon Yalan Kathai ( Steppe
Kathai), as opposed to ”Ulu Kathai” (Great Kathai) and ”Bala Kathai” (Small Kathai) among Bashkir Kathai
tribe, and similar type names ”Tungaur Yalan”, Yalan Yylayyr, Kuvakan Yalan, Yalan Isley, etc. Alan is one
of Turkmen ethnic units, that is definitely a part of Caspian Alans/Masguts/Massagetes.

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