NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE

Department of Mathematics
MA 1505 Mathematics I
Tutorial 1

p
1. Let f (x) = x6 and g(x) = |3 − x|. Find an expression for (g ◦ f )(x) − (f ◦ g)(x).
q
Ans. |3 − x6 | − √ 6 .
|3−x|

2. Find the first derivatives of the following functions.

ax + b
(a) y = (b) y = sinn x cos(mx)
cx2 + 3d
(c) y = ex +x (d) y = x3 − 4(x2 + e2 + ln 2)
µ ¶2
sin θ √
(e) y = (f) y = t tan(2 t) + 7
cos θ − 1
√ 4 1
(g) r = sin(θ + θ + 1) (h) s = +
cos x tan x
ad − bc
Ans. (a) y 0 = (b) y 0 = n sinn−1 x cos x cos mx − m sinn x sin mx
(cx + d)2
2 +x3
(c) y 0 = ex (d) y 0 = 3x2 − 8x
(2x + 3x2 )
√ √ √
(e) y 0 = −2 sin θ(cos θ − 1)−2 (f) y 0 = t sec2 (2 t) + tan(2 t)
√ √
(g) r0 = 2 2√θ+1+1
θ+1
cos(θ + θ + 1) (h) s0 = 4 tan x sec x − csc2 x

3. Coffee is drained from a conical filter into a cylindrical coffeepot at the rate of 10 in3 /min.

(a) How fast is the level in the pot rising when the coffee in the cone is 5 in. deep?
(b) How fast is the level in the cone falling then?

1
(Volume of cone: 3× base area × height)

10 8
Ans. (a) 9π in/min; (b) 5π in/min.
 MA1505 Tutorial 1

4. For the following functions, find y 0 and y 00 .

(a) x2/3 + y 2/3 = a2/3 , 0 < x < a, 0 < y

π
(b) y = (sin x)sin x , 0 < x < 2
(c) x = a cos t, y = a sin t
r
a 2/3 a2/3
Ans. (a) y 0 = − ( ) − 1, y 00 = p .
x 3x4/3 a2/3 − x2/3
(b) y 0 = (sin x)sin x (1 + ln sin x) cos x,
cos2 x
y 00 = (sin x)sin x [(1 + ln sin x)2 cos2 x + − (1 + ln sin x) sin x] .
sin x
1
(c) y 0 = − cot t , y 00 = − .
a sin3 t
5. For each of the following functions:
x+1 √
3
(a) y = 2 , x ∈ [−3, 3] (b) y = (x − 1) x2 , x ∈ (−∞, ∞)
x +1
determine

(i) the critical points;

(ii) the intervals where it is increasing and decreasing;
(iii) the local and absolute extreme values.
√
Ans. (a) local min. − 2(√12+1) at x = −1 − 2 and 25 at x = 3;
√
local max. 2(√12−1) at x = −1 + 2 and − 15 at x = −3.
¡ ¢2/3
(b) local min. − 35 25 at x = 25 ; local max. 0 at x = 0.

6. Ornithologists have determined that some species of birds tend to avoid flights over large
bodies of water during daylight hours. It is believed that more energy is required to fly over
water than land because air generally rises over land and falls over water during the day. A
bird with these tendencies is released from an island that is 5 km from the nearest point B
on a straight shoreline, flies to a point C on the shoreline, and then flies along the shoreline
to its nesting area D. Assume that the bird instinctively chooses a path that will minimize
its energy expenditure. Points B and D are 13 km apart. If it takes 1.4 times as much energy
to fly over water as land, find the distance between B and C.
Ans. 5.1 km.

7. A light shines from the top of a lamp post 15 m high. A ball is dropped from the same height
from a point 9 m away from the light. It is known that the ball falls a distance s = 4.9t2 m
in t seconds. Find the speed of the shadow of the ball on the ground 0.5 second later.
Ans. 440.8 m/sec.

2
 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE
Department of Mathematics
MA 1505 Mathematics I
Tutorial 2

1. Use L’Hopital’s rule to find the following limits.

1 − sin x ln(cos ax)
(a) lim (b) lim , a, b > 0
x→π/2 1 + cos 2x x→0 ln(cos bx)
1
(c) lim x tan (d) lim xa ln x, a > 0
x→∞
1
x x→0+
(e) lim x 1−x (f) lim xsin x
x→1 x→0+
µ ¶1
sin x x2
(g) lim
x→0 x
1 a2
Ans. (a) 4 (b) b2
(c) 1 (d) 0 (e) e−1 (f) 1 (g) e−1/6

2. Evaluate the following definite integrals.

Z √2 2 √
s + s
(a) ds .
1 s2
Z 4
(b) |x| dx .
−4
Z π
1
(c) (cos x + | cos x|) dx .
0 2
Z π ³ θ´
(d) sin2 1 + dθ .
0 2
√
Ans. (a) 1 + 2 − 23/4 (b) 16 (c) 1 (d) 12 π + sin 2

3. Using the fundamental theorem of Calculus, find the derivative dy/dx for the following
functions.
Z √x
(a) y = cos t dt .
0
Z x2 √
(b) y = cos t dt .
0
Z sin x
dt π
(c) y = √ , |x| < .
0 1 − t2 2
√
cos√ x
Ans. (a) 2 x
(b) 2x cos x (c) 1
 MA1505 Tutorial 2

4. Using the substitution method, or otherwise, find the following integrals.

Z
(a) x1/2 sin(x3/2 + 1) dx .
Z
(b) csc2 2t cot 2t dt .
Z
1 1 1
(c) sin cos dθ .
θ2 θ θ
Z
18 tan x sec2 x
2
(d) dx .
(2 + tan3 x)
Z √
sin θ
(e) √ √ dθ .
θ cos3 θ
Ans.
(a) − 23 cos(x3/2 + 1) + C
(b) − 14 cot2 2t + C
(c) − 12 sin2 1θ + C
(d) 6 ln |tan3 x + 2| + C
√
(e) sec2 θ + C

5. Applying the method of integration by parts, or otherwise, find the following integrals.
Z ³x´
(a) x sin dx .
2
Z
(b) t2 e4t dt .
Z
(c) e−y cos y dy .
Z
(d) θ2 sin(2θ) dθ .
Z
(e) z (ln z)2 dz .
Z
(f) {sin e−x + ex cos e−x } dx .

Ans.
£ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢¤
(a) −2 x cos x2 − 2 sin x2 + C
2
(b) ( t4 − 8t + 32
1
)e4t + C
−y
(c) e 2 (sin y − cos y) + C
£ ¤
(d) −h12 θ2 cos(2θ) − θ sin(2θ) − 1
i 2 cos(2θ) +C
1 2 2 2 z2
(e) 2 z (ln z) − z (ln z) + 2 +C
(f) ex cos e−x + C

2
 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE
Department of Mathematics
MA 1505 Mathematics I
Tutorial 3

1. Find the area of the following region.

1 π π
(a) The region bounded between y = sec2 x, y = −4 sin2 x, x = − and x = .
2 3 3
1 2
(b) The region in the first quadrant bounded by y = x, y = x and below y = 1.
4
(c) The region bounded by y = 4 − x2 , y = 2 − x, x = −2 and x = 3.
4 5 49
Ans. (a) π (b) (c)
3 6 6

2. (a) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region between the parabola
x = y 2 + 1 and the line x = 3 about the line x = 3.
(b) The region bounded by the parabola y = x2 and the line y = 2x in the first quadrant
is revolved about the y-axis to generate a solid. Find the volume of the solid.
64 √ 8
Ans. (a) 2π (b) π
15 3

3. Find the radius of convergence of the following series.

∞
X X∞ X∞
(x + 2)n (3x − 2)n
(a) (−1)n (b) (c) (−1)n (4x + 1)n
n n
1 1 1
∞
X ∞
X X∞
3n xn (4x − 5)2n+1
(d) (e) nn xn (f)
0
n!
1 1
n3/2
Ans. (a) 1 (b) 1/3 (c) 1/4 (d)∞ (e) 0 (f) 1/4

4. Find the sum of the geometric series inside the interval of convergence
1 1 x−3 n
1 − (x − 3) + (x − 3)2 − + · · · + (− ) + ··· .
2 4 2

2
Ans.
x−1
 MA1505 Tutorial 3

5. Find the Taylor series for the following functions:

x
(a) at x = 0;
1−x
1
(b) 2 at x = 1;
x
x
(c) at x = −2;
1+x
∞
X ∞
X ∞
X
Ans. (a) xn+1 (b) (−1)n (n + 1)(x − 1)n (c) 2 + (x + 2)n
n=0 n=0 n=1

6. Find a quadratic (2nd degree) polynomial to approximate each of the following functions near
x = 0:
(i) esin x and (ii) ln(cos x).
1 1
Ans. (i) x2 + x + 1 (ii) − x2
2 2

7. Let
∞
X 1
S= .
n! (n + 2)
n=0

In this question, we will introduce two different ways to find the value of S, one by integration
and the other by differentiation.

(i) Integrate the Taylor series of xex to show that S = 1.

ex −1
(ii) Differentiate the Taylor series of x to show that S = 1.

2
 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE
Department of Mathematics
MA 1505 Mathematics I
Tutorial 4

1. Show that the Fourier series for

1
f (x) = (x + |x|), −π < x < π; f (x + 2π) = f (x)
2
is given by
∞ ½ ¾
π X (−1)n − 1 (−1)n+1
+ cos nx + sin nx .
4 πn2 n
1

2. Find the Fourier series that represent the following graph:

∞
3 2 X sin(2n − 1)x
Ans. −
2 π 2n − 1
n=1

3. Sketch the graph of the following periodic function. Determine whether it is an even or odd
function, and find its Fourier series.
(
1 −π/2 < x < π/2
f (x) = , f (x + 2π) = f (x).
0 π/2 < x < 3π/2

∞
1 2X cos(2n − 1)x
Ans. + (−1)n+1
2 π 2n − 1
n=1

4. Find the Fourier series of a half-wave rectifier

(
0 −π/w < t < 0
u(t) =
sin wt 0 < t < π/w

and u(t + 2π
w ) = u(t).
1 1 2 1 1
Ans. + sin wt − ( cos 2wt + cos 4wt + · · · )
π 2 π 1·3 3·5
 MA1505 Tutorial 4

5. Find the Fourier series for the function

(
−2 − x −2 < x < 0
f (x) =
2−x 0<x<2

and f (x + 4) = f (x).
∞
4X1 nπx
Ans. sin
π n 2
n=1

6. Find the sine and cosine Fourier half range expansion for

f (x) = x, 0 < x < π.

Also, sketch the corresponding expansions of f .

X∞ ∞
2 sin nx π X 2((−1)n − 1) cos nx
Ans. (−1)n+1 ; +
n 2 π n2
n=1 n=1