NOx ABATEMENT

Heavy Duty Gas Turbine

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GE /
February 11, 2010
Copyright 2006 – Nuovo Pignone S.p.A.
Gas Turbine Emissions

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GE /
February 11, 2010
Gas Turbine Emissions

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GE /
February 11, 2010
Nitrogen Oxides Abatement

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GE /
February 11, 2010
Nitrogen Oxides Abatement
Diffusion Combustion System
• Fuel and Air are injected separately in combustion chamber
• Standard combustion system for gas turbine until 10-15 years ago

Premixed Combustion System

• Fuel and Air are mixed before to be injected in combustion chamber
• DLN combustion system

CO emissions, ppm 120 30

NOX

NOX emissions, ppm

100 25
CO
A narrow Flame Temperature 80 20
window has to be maintained
to minimize emissions. 60 15
40 10
20 5
0 0
1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
Combustion temperature, K 5/
GE /
February 11, 2010
DLN System
Lean Premixed flames narrow stability range
Possible solutions :
Variable geometry (GE10)
Regulation of combustion air
Mechanical complexity for multi-can machines
Multiple burners (LMs and GE5)
Fuel staging
Interaction of adjacent burners
Hybrid chamber (FR5, 6, 7, 9)
Separated sections : premixed/diffusion flames
Potential problems during the switch from diffusion to
premixed mode
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GE /
February 11, 2010
DLN Combustion System
Head

Liner

Cover

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GE /
February 11, 2010
DLN 1 System

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GE /
February 11, 2010
DLN 1 System

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GE /
February 11, 2010
Steam Inj. is available for Wet NOx Reduction

Flexible pigtails are used to

connect from the steam
manifold to each combustion
chamber…

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GE /
February 11, 2010
Steam Inj. is available for Wet NOx Reduction

The steam injection into the

combustion chamber….

…is through machined

passages in the combustion
can cover.

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GE /
February 11, 2010
General Requirements of Water/Steam Quality

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GE /
February 11, 2010
Effects of injection Water/Steam in a combustor

Dynamic Pressure Activity Water injection tends to Vibration in the

within the Combustor excite th dynamic activity combustion chamber
more than steam

Carbon Monoxide Emission As more and more water/steam is

added to the combustor, a point is CO Emission
reached at which a sharp
increase in carbon monoxide is
observed.

Combustion Stability Increasing water/steam injection

reduces combustor-operating
stability.

Blow out Eventually a point will be reached Blow out

when the flame will blow out.

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February 11, 2010
LHE System

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GE /
February 11, 2010
LHE System

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GE /
February 11, 2010