: Definition

The velocity vector : of a particle is the vector of which the magnitude is

equal to the value of the velocity and its direction is the same as the
. direction of the motion

Units of speed
.Km. / h. × 5 = m. /sec. , m. /sec. × 18 = km./ h
5 18
Km. / h. × 250 = cm. / sec. , cm./sec. × 9 = km. / h
250 9

Uniform motion
is the case where the magnitude and direction of the velocity vector are
. constant
→ →
S = tV , S= tV
S is the displacement during an interval t
V is the uniform Velocity

The average Velocity Vector A1

→ → → → r1 S
Va = S = r 2 - r1
t 2 – t1 t 2 – t1 O r1 A2

: Variable motion
the motion is not uniform
The average velocity vector
is the Zero vector

1
: The Relative Velocity
→ → →
( Vba = Vb - Va ( Velocity of b W.R.T a
One direction opp. Direction
Vba = Vb - Va Vba = Vb + Va

A cyclist Covered 40 km . on a st. way with a velocity of 20 km./h. then (1)

he returned back with a velocity of 15 km. /h. Find the average velocity
.during his whole trip
A --------------------------40 km.---------------------------------------- B
C--------15 km./h.---- B
. Time Taken From A to B = 40 = 2 h
20

.Time Taken From B to C = 15 = 1 h

15
. Total Time = 2 + 1 = 3 h
^ ^ ^ → → →
Total displacement S = AB + BC = 40 e – 15 e = 25 e
^ →
Va = total displacement = 25 e
Total time 3

2
A train covered the distance between Cairo and Alexandria in two stage (2)
first stage :- From Cairo to Tanta . the covered distance was 100 km.
.and the velocity was 100 km./h
Second stage :- From Tanta to Alexandria The Covered distance was
.110 km. and the velocity was 80 km. /h
.The stopping of the train in Tanta was 10 minutes
FIND the average velocity of the train during its whole trip .
( ( conceder that the train was moving the whole distance in a st. line

.Cairo------------------ Tanta -------------------------------- Alex

.Time taken from Cairo to Tanta t1 = S1 = 100 = 1 h
V1 100
.Time taken from Tanta to Alex. T2 = S2 = 110 = 11 h
V2 80 8
Total time = 1 + 11 + 1 = 61 h
^ 24 6 8
Total displacement = 100 e + 110 e = 210 e
^ ^ →
Va = Total displacement = 210 e = 82.6 e
Total time 61/24

A controlling speed car ( Radar ) moves on the desert road (3)

Cairo – Alex .) at 30 km/h. it watched a truck coming from the other opp. )
Road which second to be moving at 110 km/h. find the real velocity of the
truch
e
A Va= 30km. B

^ → ^ →
Va = 30 km e , Vba = -110 e
^ ^ ^ → → → → → →
Vba = Vb+ Va ∴ Vb = Vba + Va = -110 e + 30 e = -80 e

Vb = 80 km. /h . opp. T

3
A steamer was moving in a st. Was towards a part . at 50 km. from it . (4)
and aero plane passed over it in the pop. Direction and at 250 km/h it
observed the steamer which seamed to the aero plane as it is moving with
275 km/h. Find the time elapsed from the moment the aero plane observed
? the steamer till it reaches the port

A-----------------50 km.-------------------- B
km/h--------------- B 250
V b = 250 km./h. , Vab = 275 km. /h , Vab = V a + V b
.V a = V ab - V b = 275 – 250 = 25 km/h
The Time From A to B = 50 = 2 h
25

A car ( A ) moving on a st. way measured the relative Velocity of a (5)

nother Car ( B ) coming from the opp. Direction . it was 140 km./h when
the car ( A ) reduced its velocity to its half and remeasured the relative
velocity of car ( B ) it found it 120 km./h find the a ctual velocity of the
? two cats
(VBA = 140 , VBA = VB + VA 140 = VB + VA ---- (1
(VB + 1/2 VA = 120 × 2 240 =2 VB + VA ----(2
.By subtract (1) From (2) we get VB = 100 km/h
. By subst. in (1) we get VA = 40 km./h

Two aero planes Fly at the same speed in a st. line while one of them is (6)
following the other with distance 500 m apart . at certain moment the one
behind launched a rocket at the leading one . this rocket reached the first
? . one after 2 sec. of its launching . what the velocity of the rocket

--------------- o --------------- a ---------------- b

.Va = Vb after 2 sec. S = 1000 m Va= 500 = 250 m/sec
2
.Total distance = 500 m , total time = 2sec
^ ^ →
.Va = 500 e = 250 e , Va = 250 m/sec
2

4
A war ship and a steamer are moving in a st. line at the same velocity , (7)
every one of them was moving towards the other . the war ship watching
the motion of the steamer it seemed to it that it is moving at 80 km/h. when
the distance between them became 6 km. the war ship launched a torpedo
on the steamer if the engine of the torpedo can puch it at 100 km/h. what is
the time taken from the moment of the lounching and the moment the
? torpedo reaches the steamer

.Vba = 80 km/h , Vb = Va , Vb + Va = 80 ∴ Va = Vb = 40 km/h

.When the distance between them became 6 km/h
a T b 40 km/h
S T = 140 T Sb = 40 T
T + 40 T = 6 T = 6 = 1 h 140
30 180

A passenger train move with velocity 99 km/h . on a st. line reaches (8)
goods train . its length 180 m . move with velocity 63 km./h . on a // line.
Pass through it completely in 35 sec. find the length of the passenger train
. and the time which have it to cross a bridge its length 50 m
the passing time = total distance 35 = S + 180
Va + Vb 99 × 5/18 - 63×5/18
. S + 180 S = 170 m = 35
10
.second The passing Time = S1 + S2 = 170 + 50 = 8 sec
Va – Vb 99 ×5/18 – 0

A train (A) is moving at km/h. . reaches another train (B) its length (9)
190 m. moving at 60 km/h 0n a // line. Passing through it completely in 27
sec. Find the length of the train A and the passing time to cross a bridge
. its length 90 m
.The passing time = S1 + S2 27 = S1 + 190 S1 = 110 m
VA- VB 100×5/18 -60×5/18
.The length of The Train ( A ) = 110 m
.The passing Time = S1 + S2 = 110 + 90 = 7.2 sec
VA- VB 100×5/18 -0
.The time to cross the bridge = 7. 2 sec