Apollo Operations Handbook CSM Spacecraft 012

!
SID 65-1317
APOLLO
OPERATIONS
HANDBOOK
COMMAND AND
SERVICE MODULE.
SPACECRAFT 012
Prepared Under Direction of

NASA-MSC MISSION OPERATIONS BRANCH
FLIGHT CREW SUPPORT DIVISION
/-
N O R T H A M E R I C A N A V I A T I O N , INC.
SPACE and INFORMATION SYSTEMS DIVISION
* SM2A-03-SC012
APOLLO OPERATIONS H A N D B 0 0 k
COMMAND AND SERVICE MODULE
SPACECRAFT 012
C o n t r a c t NAS9- 1 5 0
E x h i b i t I; P a r a g r a p h 1 0 . 3
tifli.
- DATED I
\ THIS P U B L I C A T I O N S U P E R S E D E S SM2A-O3_SCO12
L 16 S E P T E M B E R 1966.
PREPARED BY NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC.

SPACE AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS DIVISION
TRAINING AND SUPPORT DOCUMENTATION
DEPARTMENT 671
A C R E W A B B R E V I A T E D C H E C K L I S T , S M 2 A - 0 3 - S C 0 1 2 / CL, IS
PUBLISHED AS A S E P A R A T E DOCUMENT.
PUBLISHED U N D E R A U T H O R I T Y OF THE N A T I O N A L A E R O N A U T I C S A N D SPACE A D M I N I S T R A T I O N
SID 65-1317
* 1
I'
12 NOVEMBER 1966
t
SM2A- 03-SCOlL
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES NOTE: The portion of the text alfrcted by the current chanRcs i s
indicated by a \enical line an the outer marlins of the page.
TOTAL N U L I B E R O F PAGES I N THIS PUBLICATION IS 816,

CONSISTING O F T H E FOLLOWING:
Page Page
Title 2.8- 1 t h r u 2.8-70

A thru E L. 9 - 1 t h r u 2.9- 38
i thru xii 2. 10-1 t h r u 2. 10-10
1 - 1 t h r u 1-20 2. 1 1 - 1 t h r u 2. 1 1 - 6
2-1 t h r u 2 - 2 3 - 1 t h r u 3-212
2.1- t h r u 2 . 1-10 4 - 1 t h r u 4-50
2.2- t h r u 2. 2-48 5-1 t h r u 5-20
2.3- t h r u 2 . 3-72 6-1 t h r u 6-52
2.4- t h r u 2.4-38 7-1 t h r u 7-2
2.5- t h r u 2 . 5-44 8-1 t h r u 8 - 2
2. 6 - t h r u 2. 6-48 A- 1 t h r u A - 6
2.7- t h r u 2. 7-48
CHANGE INFORMATION
T h i s handbook i s s u b j e c t t o continuous c h a n g e o r r e v i s i o n , on a p r i o r i t y
b a s i s , t o r e f l e c t c u r r e n t e n g i n e e r i n g o r m i s s i o n c h a n g e s , o r to i m p r o v e content
o r a r r a n g e m e n t . The c o n t e n t a n d the c h a n g e s a r e a c c o u n t e d f o r by t h e a b o v e
L i s t of Effective P a g e s , a n d b y the following m e a n s :
R e c o r d of P u b l i c a t i o n : The publication d a t e of e a c h b a s i c i s s u e and e a c h c h a n g e

i s s u e is l i s t e d on page B as a r e c o r d of all e d i t i o n s .
P a g e Change D a t e : E a c h page in t h i s handbook h a s s p a c e f o r e n t e r i n g a change

d a t e . T h e l a t e s t publication d a t e w i l l b e e n t e r e d in t h i s s p a c e e a c h t i m e a page
is changed f r o m the b a s i c i s s u e .
*The asterisk indicates pager changed. added. or dclctrd by the current change.
M a n u a l s will be distributed as directed by t h e NASA Apollo Program Office. All requests for
manuals should be directed to t h e NASA Apollo SpacecraH Program Office at Houston, Texas.
A
shl2A - 0 3 - sc 0 1 2
A P O L L O O P E R A T I O N S HANDBOOK
RECORD O F PUBLICATION
T h i s i s s u e of t h e Apollo O p e r a t i o n s Handbook,
S p a c e c r a f t 0 12, d a t e d 12 November 1966, c o n s t i t u t e s
a r e v i s i o n of t h e handbook, d a t e d 16 S e p t e m b e r 1966.
Subsequent c h a n g e s m a y be i s s u e d t o m a i n t a i n i n f o r -
m a t i o n c u r r e n t with s p a c e c r a f t c o n f i g u r a t i o n t h r o u g h
c o m p l e t i o n of t h e m i s s i o n . T h i s r e c o r d will r e f l e c t
the publication d a t e of any r e l e a s e d c h a n g e s .
Mission B a s i c Date l 2 1966 Change Date Page B/C

.
S.M2A -03-SCO 1 2
LATE TECHNICAL CHANGES
The i t e m s l i s t e d below r e p r e s e n t t e c h n i c a l c h a n g e s which have been a p p r o v e d too

l a t e f o r i n c l u s i o n i n t h e 12 November 1966 p r i n t i n g of t h e Apollo O p e r a t i o n s Handbook.
Source D e s c r i p t i o n of Change Section Affected
MCR Change S / M RCS fuel f r o m blended h y d r a z i n e 2. 5

A1735 m i x t u r e to m o n o m e t h y l h y d r a z i n e
MCR Addition of i n v e r t e r s y n c h r o n i z e r power panel 2,3

1591 which p r o v i d e s c i r c u i t b r e a k e r s f o r t h e c o n t r o l
REV 3 . of power t o t h e p h a s e s y n c h r o n i z e r unit.
FEO T h i s is a n o m e n c l a t u r e c o r r e c t i o n f o r t h e 2. 8 a n d 3
M-53025 S - B a n d s w i t c h on t h e MDC p a n e l s No. 13, 2 3
( 10 - 13 -66) a n d 26. T h i s c h a n g e is r e q u i r e d due t o w i r i n g
c h a n g e s . T h e S-Band s w i t c h w a s m a r k e d
" P T T " , "OFF" a n d "VOX". T h e s w i t c h is
now m a r k e d "OFF", "OFF" a n d " T / R " .
MCR Modification of C r e w Couch Lockouts. T h i s

A1733 MCR r e m o v e s t h e lockout s o l e n o i d a c t u a t o r
( 1 0 - 1 1-66) and wire harness f r o m the X - X axis s t r u t
lockout m e c h a n i s m . Add an a d a p t e r t o t h e
lockout m e c h a n i s m a s s e m b l y t o f i x in t h e
locked position. T h e s w i t c h on p a n e l No. 9
a n d t h e w i r e h a r n e s s a s s e m b l y on t h e s t r u t s
will b e r e m o v e d .
Mission B a s i c Date 12 N o v 1966 Change Date Page D

s .\12 A - 0 3 - sc 0 1 2
SYNOPSIS O F SIGNIFICANT CHANCES
T h i s tabulation d o e s not l i s t all c h a n g e s , a d d i t i o n s , , a n d / o r d e l e t i o n s i n t h e handhook.

Its p u r p o s e is to a s s i s t the r e a d e r i n d e t e r m i n i n g the s i g n i f i c a n t t e c h n i c a l c h a n g e s i n e a c h
system.
P A R T I. TECHNICAL CHANGES
Hand book Handbook

Section( s ) S y s t e m (s )
Aff e c t e d Description Aff e c t e d
~~
Updated lockout m e c h a n i s m s on s h o c k s t r u t s . GEN
Updated f o r w a r d h a t c h c o v e r . GEN
R e v i s e d RCSC c i r c u i t d i a g r a m to i n c l u d e e n t r y b a t t e r y SE Q
backup p o w e r to p y r o b u s .
H2 p u r g e l i n e h e a t e r E PS
F u e l cell H2 a n d 0 2 r e a c t a n t shutoff v a l v e s holding EPS

voltage control
C r y o g e n i c s y s t e m r e s p o n s e and o p e r a t i o n E PS
1
L R e v i s e d , u p d a t e d , and a s s e m b l e d e n d - t o - e n d c i r c u i t PROP
and s y s t e m d i a g r a m s . Added e l e c t r i c a l power d i s t r i b -
ution d i a g r a m s and p o w e r r e q u i r e m e n t s . Added
o p e r a t i n g r a n g e s and p a n e l r e f e r e n c e s to m e a s u r e m e n t
lists.
Added t a b u l a r d a t a f o r c o l o r m a r k i n g s contained on SPS, E P S

i n d i c a t o r d i s p l a y s a n d updated a r t . and ECS
Added t y p i c a l c h a r t s f r o m MMDB t o d e t e r m i n e S / C RCS, S P S

consumable data. and E P S
Added d a t a on S / C a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l s , RCS
Updated S P S Delta V a n d E n g i n e G i m b a l Angle c h a r t s . s PS
Mission B a s i c Date l2 1966 Change Date Page

S M Z A -03-SCO 12
.
*-
FOREWORD
This handbook and its contents a r e r e s t r i c t e d to the r e q u i r e -

m e n t s f o r S p a c e c r a f t 012. It p r e s e n t s , i n o n e d o c u m e n t , d e s c r i p t i o n s
of the s p a c e c r a f t s y s t e m s and e q u i p m e n t , and l i s t i n g s of t h e flight
c r e w o p e r a t i o n a l p r o c e d u r e s n e c e s s a r y f o r the s a f e and e f f i c i e n t
function of the s p a c e c r a f t throughout its planned m i s s i o n . T h i s
handbook i s d e s i g n e d p r i m a r i l y f o r u s e by t h e flight c r e w , and
s e c o n d a r i l y f o r u s e by the m i s s i o n flight c o n t r o l l e r s , flight p l a n n e r s ,
and t r a i n e r o p e r a t o r s .
NASA c o m m e n t s o r s u g g e s t e d c h a n g e s to t h i s handbook s h o u l d
be a d d r e s s e d to the F l i g h t Planning Section, FCSD, MSC, Office
Code C F 32, Telephone HU3-4271.
SM2A -03-SCO 12
TABLEOFCONTENTS
Section Title Page
1 GENERAL INFORMATION. 1-1
1.1 S p a c e c r a f t 012 Configuration . 1-1

1.1.1 LES A s s e m b l y . 1-1
1.1.2 Command Module 1-4
1.1.2.1 Forward Compartment . 1-6
1.1.2.2 Crew Compartment . 1-6
1.1.2.3 S / C C o n t r o l s and D i s p l a y s 1-6
1.1.2.4 C / M Mechanical Controls 1-6
1.1.2.5 C r e w E q u i p m e n t and E q u i p m e n t B a y s . 1-12
1.1. 2 . 6 Food and W a t e r . 1-15
1. 1 . 2 . 7 Waste Management . 1-15
1. 1. 2. 8 Su r v iv a1 E q u i p m e n t . 1-15
1.1.2.9 Aft C o m p a r t m e n t 1-15
1. 1 . 3 S e r v i c e Module . 1-16
1. 1 . 4 Spacecraft L E M Adapter . 1-16
1. 1 . 5 Spacecraft Systems . 1-16
1.2 Launch Vehicle Configuration . 1-16
1.2.1 S-1B Booster 1-19
1.2.2 S-IVB Second S t a g e . 1-19
1.3 M i s s i o n 209A Weight Status . 1-19
1.4 P o s t l a n d i n g and R e c o v e r y 1-19
2 SYSTEMSDATA . 2- 1
2.1 Guidance and C o n t r o l . 2.1-1

2.1.1 S y s t e m s I n t e r f a c e , Guidance and C o n t r o l 2.1-1
2.1.2 Coasting Flight . 2.1-1
2. 1 . 3 Powered Flight . 2.1-2
2. 1.4 Atmospheric Flight . 2.1-2
2.2 Guidance and Navigation S y s t e m s ( G & N ) 2.2-1
2.2.1 Introduction . 2.2-1
2.2.2 Functional Description . 2.2-1
2.2.2. 1 Operational Modes . 2.2-7
2.2.3 Major Component/Subsystem Description 2.2-11
2. 2 . 3 . 1 Inertial Subsystem . 2.2-11
2.2.3. 2 Optical Subsystem , 2.2-13
2.2.3.3 C o m p u t e r Sub s y s t e m 2.2-16
2. 2 . 4 P e r f o r m a n c e and D e s i g n D a t a 2.2-40
2.2. 5 Ope r a t i o n a l L i m i t a t i o n s and R e s t r i c t i o n s 2.2-40
2.2. 5.1 S I C Attitude 2.2-40
2.2.5.2 IMU O p e r a t i o n . 2.2-41
...
Mission B a s i c Date l2 1966 C h a n g e D a t e Page 111
SMZA-03-SCO12
Section Title Page

-/
2.2.5.3 Optics Operation 2.2-41

2. 2 . 6 Telemetry Measurements . 2 . 2-41
2.2.7 G&N P o w e r Consumption . 2.2-45
2.2.8 Interface Signals 2. 2-46
2.3 S t a b i l i z a t i o n and C o n t r o l S y s t e m (SCS) . 2. 3-1
2.3.1 Introduction 2. 3 - 1
2.3.2.1 Control Capabilities 2.3-3
2 . 3 . 2. 2 Apollo R e f e r e n c e A x e s . 2.3-7
2. 3 . 2 . 3 Sub s y s t e m s 2.3-8
2.3.3 Flight Control P r o f i l e s . 2.3-42
2.3.3. 1 Ascent . 2.3-44
2.3.3.2 Coasting Flight ( E a r t h Orbital) . 2.3-45
2.3.3.3 Powered Flight ( E a r t h Orbital) . 2.3-48
2. 3. 3 . 4 Entry , 2.3-51
2.3.4 Major Component/Subsystem Description . 2.3-53
2 . 3 . 4. 1 Rate Gyro Assembly 2.3-53
2.3.4. 2 Attitude G y r o A c c e l e r o m e t e r A s s e m b l y 2.3-54
2.3.4.3 P i t c h , Roll, and Yaw E l e c t r o n i c C o n t r o l
Assemblies . 2.3-55
2.3.4.4 Auxiliary Electronic Control Assembly 2.3-56
2.3.4. 5 D i s p l a y and Attitude G y r o A c c e l e r o m e t e r As*sembly
Electronic Control Assembly 2.3-56
2. 3.4.6 Rotation C o n t r o l s 2.3-57
2.3.4.7 Translation Controls 2.3-57
2. 3.4. 8 Flight D i r e c t o r Attitude Indicator . 2.3-61 --
2.3.4.9 Attitude S e t / G i m b a l P o s i t i o n I n d i c a t o r . 2.3-65
2 . 3 . 4 . 10 Velocity C h a n g e I n d i c a t o r 2.3-66
2 . 3 . 4 . 11 Electrical P o w e r Distribution 2.3-67
2.3. 5 P e r f o r m a n c e and D e s i g n D a t a 2.3-67
2.3.6 .
O p e r a t i o n a l L i m i t a t i o n s and R e s t r i c t i o n s 2.3-67
2.3.6. 1 S / C Attitude Change 2.3-67
2.3.7 Telemetry Measurements 2.3-71
2.4 S e r v i c e P r o p u l s i o n S y s t e m (SPS) . 2.4-1
2.4.2 Major Component/Subsystem Description . 2.4-2
2.4.2. 1 P r e ss u r ization Subsystem 2.4-2
2.4.2. 2 Propellant Subsystem 2.4-6
2.4.2.3 B i p r o p e l l a n t Valve A s s e m b l y . 2.4-7
2.4.2.4 Engine Injector . 2.4-9
2.4.2.5 Ablative C o m b u s t i o n C h a m b e r . 2.4-9
2.4.2.6 Nozzle Extension 2.4-9
2.4.2. 7 Flight Combustion Stability Monitor (FCSM) 2.4-9
2.4.2.8 SPS E l e c t r i c a l H e a t e r s . 2.4-11
2.4.2.9 T h r u s t Mount A s s e m b l i e s 2.4-1 1
2 . 4 . 2 . 10 P r o p e l l a n t Utilization and Gauging S u b s y s t e m (PUGS) . 2.4-18
2.4.3 P e r f o r m a n c e and D e s i g n D a t a 2.4-30
Mis s ion Basic Date l2 1966 C h a n g e Date Page iv

SM2A -03-SCO12
Section Title Page
2.4.3. 1 Design Data 2.4-30

2.4.3.2 Performance Data . 2.4-33
2.4. 3. 3 P o w e r Consumption Data . 2.4-33
2.4.3.4 .
SPS E l e c t r i c a l P o w e r D i s t r i b u t i o n 2.4-35
2.4.4 .
O p e r a t i o n a l L i m i t a t i o n s and R e s t r i c t i o n s 2.4-35
2.4. 5 Telemetry Measurements 2.4-35
2.5 R e a c t i o n C o n t r o l S y s t e m (RCS) . 2.5-1
2.5.1 Introduction 2. 5 - 1
2. 5 . 2 S / M RCS F u n c t i o n a l D e s c r i p t i o n . 2. 5 - 1
2.5.3 S / M RCS M a j o r C o m p o n e n t / S u b s y s t e m D e s c r i p t i o n . 2.5-4
2. 5 . 3 . 1 P r e s sur i z a t i o n S u b s y s t e m 2.5-7
2.5.3.2 Propellant Subsystem 2. 5 - 8
2.5.3.3 Engine A s s e m b l i e s . 2.5-9
2.5.3.4 P r e s s u r e Versus Temperature Measuring System . 2.5-13
2.5.3.5 Engine Thrusting Logic . 2.5-15
2.5.4 S / M RCS P e r f o r m a n c e and D e s i g n D a t a 2. 5 - 1 6
2. 5 . 4 . 1 Design Data 2.5-16
2.5.4.2 Performance Data . 2. 5-18
2.5.4.3 P o w e r C o n s u m p t i o n D a t a S / M RCS and G / M RCS . 2.5-18
2. 5 . 4 . 4 S / M RCS E l e c t r i c a l P o w e r D i s t r i b u t i o n 2.5-19
2.5.5 . S / M RCS O p e r a t i o n a l L i m i t a t i o n s and R e s t r i c t i o n s . 2.5-19
2. 5 . 6 S / M RCS T e l e m e t r y M e a s u r e m e n t s 2.5-19
2.5.7 C / M RCS F u n c t i o n a l D e s c r i p t i o n . 2.5-23
2. 5. 8 C / M RCS M a j o r C o m p o n e n t s / S u b s y s t e m D e s c r i p t i o n . 2.5-24
2. 5. 8. 1 Pressurization Subsystem 2.5-27
2.5.8. 2 Propellant Subsystem 2. 5 - 2 8
2.5.8.3 Engine Assembly 2.5-30
2 . 5. 8 . 4 Propellant Jettison . 2.5-34
2.5.9 C / M RCS P e r f o r m a n c e and D e s i g n D a t a . 2.5-39
2. 5.9. 1 Design Data 2.5-39
2. 5 . 9 . 2 Performance Data . 2.5-41
2. 5 . 9 . 3 Power Consumption Data . 2.5-41
2.5.10 C / M RCS O p e r a t i o n a l L i m i t a t i o n s and R e s t r i c t i o n s . 2.5-41
2 . 5. 10. 1 C / M RCS E l e c t r i c a l P o w e r D i s t r i b u t i o n 2.5-41
2.5.11 C / M RCS T e l e m e t r y M e a s u r e m e n t s . 2.5-41
2.6 E l e c t r i c a l P o w e r S y s t e m (EPS) . 2.6- 1
2.6. 1 Introduction 2.6-1
2.6.2.1 Energy Storage . 2.6-1
2.6.2. 2 P o w e r Generation . 2.6-2
2.6.2.3 Power Conversion . 2. 6 - 2
2.6.2.4 P o w e r Distribution . 2.6-2
2.6.3 Majo r Component / S u b s y s t e m De s c r iption . 2.6-5
2 . 6. 3. 1 Cryogenic Storage . 2.6-5
2. 6. 3. 2 Batteries . 2.6-6
2 . 6 . 3. 3 F u e l C e l l P o w e r Plants . 2.6-12
2.6.3.4 Inverters . 2.6-17
Mission B a s i c Date l2 1966 Change Date Page

SM2A-03-SCO 1 2
A P O L L O OPERATIONS HANDBOOk
Section Title Page

--
2.6.3.5 Battery Charger . 2.6-22
2.6. 3.6 P o w e r Distribution . 2.6-25
2.6.4 P e r f o r m a n c e and D e s i g n D a t a . 2.6-30
2 . 6 . 4. 1 AC and DC D a t a . 2.6-30
2.6.4.2 Power Requirements . 2.6-3.4
2.6. 5 O p e r a t i o n a l L i m i t a t i o n s and R e s t r i c t i o n s 2.6-36
2 . 6 . 5. 1 Fuel Cell Power Plants . ,2.6-36
2. 6. 5. 2 Cryogenic Storage Subsystem . 2.6-38
2.7 Environmental Control System (ECS) . 2.7-1
2.7.1 In t r od uc t 1on 2.7-1
2.7. 2 Functional Description . 2.7-2
2.7.3 M a j o r Component/ S u b s y s t e m De s c r i p t i o n 2.7-3
2.7.3.1 Oxygen Supply S u b s y s t e m 2.7-3
2.7.3. 2 P r e s s u r e Suit C i r c u i t S u b s y s t e m . 2.7-7
2.7.3.3 C a b i n P r e s s u r e and T e m p e r a t u r e C o n t r o l S u b s y s t e m . 2.7-13
2. 7. 3 . 4 Water-Glycol Coolant Subsystem . 2.7-17
2.7.3. 5 W a t e r Supply S u b s y s t e m 2.7-24
2.7.3.6 ECS- W a s t e M a n a g e m e n t S y s t e m I n t e r f a c e 2.7-26
2.7.3.7 Electrical Power Distribution . 2.7-28
2.7.4.1 Metabolic Data . 2.7-31
2.7.4.2 Oxygen Supply S u b s y s t e m 2.7-31
2.7.4.3 P r e s s u r e Suit C i r c u i t S u b s y s t e m . 2.7-32
2.7.4.4 C a b i n P r e s s u r e and T e m p e r a t u r e C o n t r o l
Subsystem . 2.7-32 -.-
2.7.4.5 Water-Glycol Coolant Subsystem . 2.7-32
2.7.4.6 W a t e r Supply S u b s y s t e m . 2.7-33
2.7.4.7 Waste Management System . 2.7-33
2.7.4.8 ECS Power Consumption Data . 2.7-33
2.7.5 O p e r a t i o n a l L i m i t a t i o n s and R e s t r i c t i o n s 2.7-38
2.7.5.1 E C S Caution P l a c a r d s 2.7-38
2. 7. 5 . 2 ECS Caution Notes . 2.7-38
2.7. 5.3 E C S General Data 2.7-39
2.7. 5.4 Cabin D e p r e s s u r i z a t i o n R a t e s . 2.7-39
2 . 7 . 5. 5 Cabin Repressurization R a t e s . 2.7-39
2.7.6 T e 1em e t r y iM e a s u r e m e n t s 2.7-44
2.8 Telecommunication System . 2.8-1
2.8. 1 Introduction 2.8-1
2.8.2. 1 Voice C o m m u n i c a t i o n s . 2.8-2
2.8.2. 2 Data Operations 2.8-6
2.8.2.3 T r a c k i n g and Ranging 2.8-10
2 . 8. 2. 4 Unified S - B a n d O p e r a t i o n s 2.8-12
2.8.3 M a jo r Component / S u b s y s t e m De sc r ipt ion 2.8-13
2.8.3. 1 Instrumentation Equipment Group . 2.8-14
2 . 8 . 3. 2 Voice and D a t a E q u i p m e n t G r o u p . 2.8-17
Mission B a s i c Date l2 1966 C h a n g e Date Page vi

SM2A -03-SCO 1 2
Section Title Page
2.8.3. 3 R F Electronics Equipment Group . 2.8-42

2.8.3.4 Antenna E q u i p m e n t Group . 2.8-57
2.8.3. 5 Electrical P o w e r Distribution . 2. 8-62
2.8.5 O p e r a t i o n a l L i m i t a t i o n s and R e s t r i c t i o n s 2.8-b7
2 . 8 . 5. 1 Antennas 2.8-67
2 . 8 . 5. 2 Data S t o r a g e E q u i p m e n t . 2. S-67
2 . 8. 5. 3 Unified S-Band S y s t e m . 2.8-08
2.8.5.4 General 2.8-68
2. 8. 6 Telemetry Measurements 2.8-69
2.9 Sequential S y s t e m s . 2.9-1
2.9.1 Introduction 2.9-1
2.9. 2 Functional Description . 2.9-1
2 . 9 . 2. 1 Sequential E v e n t s C o n t r o l S y s t e m (SECS) 2.9-1
2.9.2.2 E m e r g e n c y Detection System . 2.9-4
2. 9 . 2 . 3 Launch Escape System . 2.9-10
2.9. 2 . 4 E a r t h Landing S y s t e m . 2.9-11
2.9. 3 Major Component/Subsystem Description 2.7-14
2.9.3.1 Sequential Events Control System . 2.9-14
2 . 9 . 3. 2 E m e r g e n c y Detection S y s t e m . 2.9-24
2.9.3. 3 Launch E s c a p e System . 9 . 2.9-32
2.9.3.4 E a r t h Landing S u b s y s t e m . 2.9-33
2 . 9 . 4. 1 Power Requirements 2.9-35
2.10 Caution and W a r n i n g S y s t e m (C&WS) . 2.10-1
2.10.1 Introduction . 2.10-1
2. 1 0 . 3 Major Component/ Subsystem Description 2. 1 0 - 3
2 . 10.3. 1 Electrical Power Distribution . 2.10-3
2. 10.4 P e r f o r m a n c e and D e s i g n D a t a . 2. 1 0 - 3
2. 10.4. 1 C&WS P o w e r C o n s u m p t i o n D a t a . 2. 1 0 - 3
2 . 10.5. 1 C&WS G e n e r a l D a t a . 2.10-3
2.10.6 Telemetry Measurements . 2.10-10
2.11 M i s c e l l a n e o u s S y s t e m s Data . 2.11-1
2.11.1 Introduction 2.11-1
2.11.2 Clocks 2.11-1
2.11.3 Digital E v e n t T i m e r s . 2.11-1
2. 1 1 . 4 Accelerometer (G-Meter) . 2.11-1
2. 11. 5 C o m m a n d Module I n t e r i o r - L i g h t i n g 2.11-1
2.11.5.1 Functional Description . 2.11-2
2. 1 1 . 6 C o m m a n d Module Uprighting System . 2.11-2
2. 1 1 . 6 . 1 Functional Description . 2.11-2
3 CONTROLS AND DISPLAYS . 3-1
3.1 C o n t r o l s / D i s p l a y s L o c a t o r Index . 3-3
Mission B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page vii

SM2A-03-SCO 12
Section Title Page

.I-
4 PERFORMANCE 4- 1
Introduction . 4- 1
4.1 C r e w D i s p l a y I n s t r u m e n t M a r k i n g s and A c c u r a c y
Data 4- 1
4.1.1 Service Propulsion System Indicators . 4- 3
4.1.2 Reaction Control System Indicators 4-4
4.1.3 Electrical Power System Indicators . 4- 5
4. 1.4 Environmental Control System Indicators . 4-11
4.1.5 Telecommunication System M e t e r s . 4 - 13
4. 1 . 6 Sequential S y s t e m s Indicators 4-15
4.1.7 Miscellaneous Indicators . 4-16
4.2 Consumable Requirements 4-18
4.2.1 S / M RCS P r o p e l l a n t C o n s u m p t i o n D a t a 4-18
4.2.2 C / M RCS P r o p e l l a n t C o n s u m p t i o n D a t a 4-25
4. 2 . 3 SPS P r o p e l l a n t C o n s u m p t i o n D a t a . 4-27
4.2.4 EPS and ECS C o n s u m p t i o n D a t a . 4-30
4.3 RCS and SPS T h r u s t i n g D a t a . 4-34
4.3.1 RCS T r a n s l a t i o n C o n t r o l .. 4-34
4.3.2 RCS Rotation C o n t r o l 4-34
4.3.3 SPS E n g i n e T h r u s t P e r f o r m a n c e . 4-39
4.4 S / C O p e r a t i o n a l C o n s t r a i n t s and L i m i t a t i o n s 4-39
4.4.1 Operational Constraints . 4-39
4.4.2 Operational Limitations . 4-43
5 E X P E R I M E N T S AND SCIENTIFIC EQUIPMENT DATA 5-1 -
Introduction 5- 1
5.1 Scientific Equipment . 5- 1
5.1.1 M e d i c a l D a t a Acquisition S y s t e m (MDAS) 5- 1
5.1.2 E l e c t r i c a l C a b l e s and A d a p t e r s . 5- 1
5.1.2.1 Octopus Cable . 5-5
5.1.2.2 Cobra Cable T-Adapter . 5-5
5. 1. 2.3 PGA and CWG E l e c t r i c a l A d a p t e r C a b l e s 5-7
5. 1 . 2 . 4 H a r d w a r e P o w e r and Signal C a b l e s 5-7
5.2 M e d i c a1 E x p e r i m e n t s 5-7
5.2.1 I n - F l i g h t E x e r c i s e r ( M - 3 A ) (M003) . 5-7
5 . 2 . 1. 1 Equipment Description . 5-7
5.2.1.2 Experiment Procedures . 5-9
5.2.1.3 Crewman Participation . 5- 10
5.2.1.4 Recovery Requirements . 5- 10
5.2.2 I n - F l i g h t P h o n o c a r d i o g r a m ( M - 4 A ) (M004) . 5-10
5.2. 2. 1 Equipment Description . 5- 10
5.2.2.3 Crewman Participation . 5-1 1
5.2. 2 . 4 Recovery Requirements . 5-11
5.2.3 Bone D e m i n e r a l i z a t i o n ( M - 6 A ) (M006) . 5-11
Mission B a s i c Date 1 2 Nov 1966 Change Date Page viii

~
-
S M 2 A - 0 3 SC 0 12
Section Title Page
5.2.3. 1 Equipment Description . 5-11

5 . 2 . 3. 2 Experiment Procedures . 5-11
5.2.3.3 Crewman Participation . 5-12
5 . 2. 3. 4 Recovery Requirements . 5-12
5. 2 . 4 Human Otolith F u n c t i o n ( V e s t i b u l a r E f f e c t s )
(M-9A) (M009) . 5- 12
5. 2 . 4 . 1 Equipment Description . 5- 12
5.2.4. 2 Experiment P r o c e d u r e s . 5-12
5. 2 . 4 . 3 Crewman Participation . 5-13
5.2.4.4 Recovery Requirements . 5-13
5.2.5 Cytogenetic Blood S t u d i e s ( M - 1 1 ) ( M o l l ) . 5-13
5 . 2 . 5. 1 Equipment Description . 5-13
5 . 2 . 5. 2 Equipment P r o c e d u r e s . 5-13
5 . 2 . 5. 3 Crewman Participation . 5-14
5 . 2 . 5. 4 Re cove r y O p e r a t i o n s 5-14
5.2. 6 C a r d i o v a s c u l a r Reflex Conditioning ( M - 4 8 ) (M048) . 5-14
5. 2 . 6 . 1 Equipment Description . 5-14
5.2.6. 2 Experiment P r o c e d u r e s . 5-15
5. 2. 6. 3 Crewman Participation . 5-15
5.3 Scientific E x p e r i m e n t s . 5-16
5.3.1 Synoptic T e r r a i n P h o t o g r a p h (S-5A) (S005) . 5-16
5.3.1.1 Equipment Description . 5-16
5.3.2 Synoptic W e a t h e r P h o t o g r a p h y (S-6A) (S006) . 5-17
5.3. 2. 1 Equipment Description . 5-17
5.4 Technical Experiments . 5-18
5.4.1 .
In- F l i g h t N e p h e l o m e t e r ( T - 3 ) ( T 0 0 3 ) 5-18
5.4.1.1 Equipment Description . 5-18
5.4. 1 . 3 Crewman Participation . 5-18
5.4. 1.4 Recovery Requirements . 5-19
6 C R E W PERSONAL EQUIPMENT . 6- 1
Introduction 6- 1
6.1 C r e w C o m p a r t m e n t Configuration and C r e w
Environment 6-1
6. 2 Mirrors 6-2
6.2. 1 I n t e r n a l Viewing M i r r o r s ( C F E ) . 6-2
6. 2. 2 E x t e r n a l Viewing M i r r o r s ( C F E ) . 6-3
6.3 C r e w m a n O p t i c a l A l i g n m e n t Sight (COAS) . 6-4
6.3. 1 Operational Use 6-5
~~
Mission B a s i c Date l 2 1966 Change Date Page ix

S M Z A - 0 3 - sc 0 12
.
-
Section Title Page

.._.
-
6.4 S p a c e Suit A s s e m b l y ( G F P ) . 6-6
6.4. 1 S p a c e Suit Off o r S h i r t s l e e v e E n v i r o n m e n t . 6-6
6 . 4 . 1. 1 Constant Wear Garment . 6-6
6 . 4 . 1. 2 Flight Coveralls 6-6
6 . 4 . 1. 3 C o m m u n i c a t i o n s Soft H a t . 6-7
6.4. 1 . 4 Constant Wear G a r m e n t Electrical Adapter . 6-8
6.4. 1.5 E l e c t r i c a l U m b i l i c a l "Sleep" A d a p t e r . 6-9
6.4.2 S p a c e Suit On E n v i r o n m e n t . 6-9
6.4.2. 1 PGA U n p r e s s u r i z e d o r Ventilated . 6-9
6.4.2.2 PGA P r e s s u r i z e d 6-9
6.4.3 PGA D e s c r i p t i o n 6-9
6.4.3.1 PGA Components 6-9
6.5 PGA Stowage 6-12
6.5.1 T o r s o and Glove Stowage . 6-12
6.5.2 H e l m e t Stowage . 6-12
6. 6 PGA Connecting E q u i p m e n t . 6-13
6.6. 1 P r e s s u r e Garment Assembly (PGA) Electrical
Adapter ( G F P ) . 6-13
6.6. 2 Oxygen H o s e ( U m b i l i c a l ) ( G F P ) . 6-13
6.7 C r e w Couches . 6-13
6.7. 1 C r e w Couch S t r u c t u r e 6-14
6. 7. 2 C r e w Couch P o s i t i o n s 6-15
6.7.2. 1 Occupied P o s i t i o n s . 6-15
6.7.2.2 Unoccupied P o sit i o n s 6-16
6.7. 3 C r e w Couch Component D e s c r i p t i o n . 6-17
6.7.3. 1 Headrest . 6-17
6.7.3.2 B a ck r e st 6-18
6. 7.3.3 Armrests . 6-18
6.7.3.4 S e a t P a n and F o o t r e s t 6-18
6.7.3.5 C r e w Couch P a d s 6-19
6.7.4 Mechanical Adjustments . 6-19
6.7.4. 1 Headrest Adjustments 6-19
6.7.4.2 A r m r e s t Adjustments 6-19
6.7.4. 3 Seat P a n Adjustment Directions . 6-21
6. 7 . 4 . 4 F o o t r e s t and F o o t s t r a p A d j u s t m e n t s . 6-22
6.7.4. 5 D-Ring Handle E x t e n s i o n 6-22
6. 7 . 4 . 6 Docking P o s i t i o n A d j u s t m e n t . 6-22
6. 7 . 4 . 7 Shoulder S t r a p Adjustment . 6-23
6.8 Crewman Restraints 6-23
6.8. 1 High G-Load R e s t r a i n t s . 6-23
6 . 8 . 1. 1 Crewman Restraint Harness . 6-23
6.8. 1 . 2 Weightless Restraint 6-24
6.8. 1.3 Guidance and Navigation Station R e s t r a i n t . 6-25
6.8. 1.4 C r e w m a n Sleeping R e s t r a i n t s . 6-26
6.9 F l i g h t Data F i l e ( G F P ) . 6-27
6.9. 1 C o m m a n d e r ' s F l i g h t D a t a File 6-28
6.9. 2 Senior P i l o t ' s Flight Data F i l e 6-28
6.9.3 P i l o t ' s F l i g h t D a t a File . 6-29
M i s s ion B a s i c Date ' l2 1966 C h a n g e Date Page X

Sh12A-03-SC012
~~
Section Title Pagc
6. 10 C r e w m a n I n - F l i g h t Tool S e t and Workshelf ( G F B ) . 6-30

6. 10. 1 T o r q u e Wrench ( T o o l A) . 6-31
6. 10. 2 A d a p t e r Handle ( T o o l E) . 6-31
6. 10.3 10-Inch D r i v e r ( T o o l H) . 6-3 1
6.10.4 4-Inch D r i v e r ( T o o l L ) . 6-31
6.10. 5 E m e r g e n c y Wrench ( T o o l B) . 6-31
6 . 10.6 T-Handle (Tool C ) . 6-32
6. 10.7 End Wrench ( T o o l F) ( 2 ) . 6-32
6. 10.8 5/32-Inch Short Driver (Tool J) . 6-32
6 . 10.9 4-Inch T o r q u e S e t D r i v e r ( T o o l R ) . 5-32
6 . 10. 10 I n - F l i g h t Tool Set T e t h e r 6-32
6. 10. 11 D-Ring E x t e n s i o n Handle ( T o o l N ) . 6-32
6.10.12 Operational Use 6-32
6. 10. 13 Stowage 6-32
6 . 1 0 . 13. 1 I n - F l i g h t Tool Set Stowage P o u c h and Tool S e t
Drawer 6-35
6 . 1 0 . 13. 2 M i s c e l l a n e o u s Stowage . 6-35
6. 10. 14 W o rkshelf A s s e m b l y 6-35
6. 10. 14. 1 Usage . 6-36
6. 11 Drinking W a t e r S u b s y s t e m 6-37
6. 12 Food . 6-38
6 . 12. 1 Use 6-38
6. 12. 2 Stowage 6-38
6. 12. 2 . 1 L E B F o o d Stowage C o m p a r t m e n t . 6-38
6. 1 2 . 2 . 2 RHEB A u x i l i a r y Food C o m p a r t m e n t D r a w e r 6-39
6. 12.2.3 L H E B F o o d Stowage C o m p a r t m e n t 6-39
6. 13 P e r s o n a l Hygiene ( G F P ) . 6-39
6. 13. 1 C l e a n s i n g of T e e t h - O r a l Hygiene A s s e m b l y . 6-39
6 .13. 2 Wet C l e a n s i n g Cloth . 6-40
6. 1 3 . 3 D r y Cleaning C l o t h . 6-40
6. 1 3 . 4 Towels 6-41
6 . 13. 5 Tissue Dispensers . 6-41
6. 14 M e d i c a l Supplies ( G F P ) . 6-41
6.14.1 Monitoring E q u i p m e n t 6-41
6. 14. 1. 1 C l i n i c a l P h y s i o l o g i c a l Monitoring I n s t r u m e n t S c t . 6-41
6. 14. 1 . 2 Personal Biomedical Sensors Instrument Assembly , 6-42
6. 14. 1 . 3 Biomedical P r e a m p l i f i e r Instrument Assembly . 6-42
6. 1 4 . 1 . 4 B i o i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n A c c e s s o r i e s Kit . 6-42
6. 14. 1. 5 P e r s o n a l Radiation Do s i m e t e r s 6 -43
6. 1 4 . 2 M e d i c a l Kit ( G F P ) . 6 -43
6. 14. 2.1 Packaging . 6 -44
6. 1 4 . 2 . 2 Stowage 6-44
6 . 14. 2. 3 M e d i c a l Kit Additional U s a g e . 6-44
6.15 S u r v i v a l Kit ( G F P ) . 6-44
6. 15. 1 Stowage 6-44
6. 1 5 . 2 .
S u r v i v a l Kit C o n t a i n e r O p e r a t i o n 6-46
6. 1 5 . 3 .
C o n t e n t s of t h e S u r v i v a l K i t s 6-46
Mission B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page xi

SM.! -4- 0 3 - S C 0 12
Section Title Page

--
6.15.4 D e s c r i p t i o n and U s e of S u r v i v a l Kit Components . 6-47
6. 15.4. 1 L i f e r aft s 6-47
6. 1 5 . 4 . 2 Beacon/Transceiver . 6-47
6. 15.4. 3 Survival Lights ( 2 ) . 6-48
6. 1 5 . 4 . 4 Survival G l a s s e s ( 3 ) . 6-48
6. 15.4. 5 Survival Knives ( 2 ) . 6-49
6. 1 5 . 4 . 6 Water Cans ( 3 ) . 6-49
6. 15.4. 7 .
D e s a l t i n g K i t s ( 2 ) Plus T a b l e t s ( 1 6 ) 6-49
6. 1 5 . 4 . 8 E m e r g e n c y M e d i c a l S u r v i v a l Kit . 6-49
6. 1 5 . 5 Sea Water Pump (CFE) . 6-49
6 . 16 Stowage 6-50
7 SYSTEM SCHEMATICS . 7- 1
__
Mission B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 C h a n g e Date Page xii
SM2A - 0 3 - S C O 12
APOLLO OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
t
GENERAL INFORMATION
SECTION 1
GENERAL INFORMATION
INTRODUCTION.
This s e c t i o n contains i n f o r m a t i o n r e l a t i n g to the Xpollo s p a c e c r a f t 012

configuration, and a d e s c r i p t i o n of the launch v e h i c l e and b o o s t e r u s e d f o r
the m i s s i o n .
1.1 SPACE C RA F T 0 12 CONFIGURA TION.
S p a c e c r a f t 012 ( f i g u r e 1 - 1 ) c o n f o r m s to a Block I CSM configuration

c o n s i s t i n g of a launch e s c a p e s y s t e m ( L E S ) a s s e m b l y , c o m m a n d m o d u l e
( C / M ) , s e r v i c e module ( S / M ) , a n d the s p a c e c r a f t l u n a r e x c u r s i o n module
a d a p t e r (SLA). T h i s s p a c e c r a f t , designed f o r a n e a r t h o r b i t a l m i s s i o n ,
d o e s not contain a l u n a r m o d u l e ( L M ) within i t s a d a p t e r . ( F o r a d e s c r i p t i o n
of the launch vehicle u s e d with s p a c e c r a f t 012, r e f e r to p a r a g r a p h 1 . 2 )
NOTE T h e Block I configuration m i s s i o n s f o r the Apollo

p r o g r a m provide the following:
0 C o m m a n d m o d u l e and s e r v i c e m o d u l e development f o r
e a r t h orbital missions
0 D e m o n s t r a t i o n of s y s t e m s o p e r a t i o n a l c a p a b i l i t i e s
including a l l types of a b o r t s , land a n d w a t e r r e c o v e r y ,
S a t u r n IB and S a t u r n V o p e r a t i o n and c a p a b i l i t y , and
s y s t e m s operation during e a r t h o r b i t
0 Development of qualified t e a m s f o r checkout, launch,

m a n n e d s p a c e flight n e t w o r k ( M S F N ) , r e c o v e r y , a n d
flight a n a l y s i s .
1.1.1 LES ASSEMBLY.
T h e LES a s s e m b l y ( f i g u r e 1-1) p r o v i d e s t h e m e a n s f o r s e p a r a t i n g the

C / M f r o m the launch v e h i c l e d u r i n g pad o r s u b o r b i t a l a b o r t s . T h i s a s s e m b l y
c o n s i s t s of a Q - b a l l i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n a s s e m b l y ( n o s e c o n e ) , b a l l a s t c o m -
p a r t m e n t , c a n a r d s u r f a c e s , pitch c o n t r o l m o t o r , t o w e r j e t t i s o n m o t o r ,
launch e s c a p e m o t o r , a s t r u c t u r a l s k i r t , a n o p e n - f r a m e t o w e r , and a b o o s t
p r o t e c t i v e c o v e r ( B P C ) . T h e s t r u c t u r a l s k i r t a t the b a s e of the housing,
which e n c l o s e s the r o c k e t m o t o r s , is s e c u r e d to the u p p e r portion of the t o w e r .
S P A C E C R A F T 012 CONFIGURATION
M i s s ion B a s i c Date l 2 N o v 1966 Change Date Page 1-1

SMZA -03-SCO12
GENERAL INFORMATION
--.-
Q-BALL (NOSE CONE)
PITCH CONTROL MOTOR
JETTISON MOTOR
LAUNCH ESCAPE MOTOR
STRUCTURAL SKIRT
LAUNCH ESCAPE TOWER
TOWER ATTACHMENT (4)
C O W N O MODULE
C/M TO S/M FAIRING
SERVICE MODULE
EPS RADIATOR
ECS RADIATOR
SPACECRAFT LEM
ADAPTER (SLA)- S f 5 ENGINE EXPANSION NOZZLE
S I A PANEL JUNCTION
(BETWEEN FWD AND A f l
PANELS)
5-IVB INSTRUMENT UNIT

( S H W N AS REFERENCE)
F i g u r e 1-1. S p a c e c r a f t 012 Configuration (Sheet 1 of 2)
Mission B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page 1-2

s1M2L1-03-sc012
GENERAL INFORMATION
XI = 138 WO
x1 = 11s 300
XA - 1133 503
x c = 131 503
xA
-- 1083 176
83 476
AS<
C M-S M SEPARAl1ON PLANE
. S/M
1
XA
X,
-
APOLLO I C RtFtRfNCt STAIIUNI
= L f S REFfRENCf SlAllONS
XI -
Xc = C/M IEFfRENCE SlAllONS
S/M IEFCRENCE SlAlIONS
NOTE
A U A l I M PMlEIIAL DlMfNSlONI
ARE NOT INCLUDED ON C/M
= 583 3w
= M2.m
SM-21-70711
F i g u r e 1-1. S p a c e c r a f t 0 1 2 Configuration ( S h e e t 2 of 2 )
S P A C E C R A F T 0 1 2 CONFIGURATION
Mission B a s i c D a t e ' 12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page 1-3
-~- -
SMZA -03-SCO 12
GENERAL INFORiMATION
T h e B P C ( f i g u r e 1 - 2 ) i s a t t a c h e d to the l o w e r end of t h e t o w e r t o p r o t e c t the

_..-
C / M f r o m t h e r m a l h e a t d u r i n g b o o s t a n d f r o m e x h a u s t d a m a g e by the
l a u n c h e s c a p e and t o w e r j e t t i s o n m o t o r s . E x p l o s i v e n u t s , one in e a c h
t o w e r w e l l l e g , s e c u r e the t o w e r to the C / M s t r u c t u r e . ( F o r additional
i n f o r m a t i o n , r e f e r to t h e s e q u e n t i a l s y s t e m s in s e c t i o n 2 . )
1.1.2 COMMAND MODULE.
T h e C / M ( f i g u r e 1 - 3 ) f o r m s t h e s p a c e c r a f t c o n t r o l c e n t e r , contains
n e c e s s a r y a u t o m a t i c a n d m a n u a l e q u i p m e n t to c o n t r o l a n d m o n i t o r t h e
s p a c e c r a f t s y s t e m s , a n d c o n t a i n s t h e r e q u i r e d e q u i p m e n t f o r s a f e t y and
c o n f o r m of the c r e w . T h e module i s a n i r r e g u l a r - s h a p e d , p r i m a r y
s t r u c t u r e e n c o m p a s s e d by t h r e e h e a t s h i e l d s ( c o a t e d with a b l a t i v e m a t e r i a l
a n d j o i n e d o r f a s t e n e d to t h e p r i m a r y s t r u c t u r e ) f o r m i n g a c o n i c a l - e x t e r i o r
s h a p e . T h e C / M c o n s i s t s of a f o r w a r d c o m p a r t m e n t , a c r e w c o m p a r t m e n t ,
and an aft compartment.
t-I
H O N E Y C O M B CORED-IAMINATED
FIBERGLASS PANEL
0 3" THICK CORK ABLATOR
TRANSITION R I N G
C/M HEAT SHIELD ABLATOR

FIBERGLASS R I N G
(HARD C O N S T R U C T I O N )
TEFL0 N IMPREGNATED
G I A S SC LOT H
RCS PITCH MOTOR PORTS
SILICONE SPONGE SEAL
- Xc14
RCS ROLL MOTOR P O R T S
M O T O R PORTS
RCS PITCH M O T O R PORTS SM-24-1031
F i g u r e 1-2. Boost Protective Cover
M i s s ion B a s i c Date l 2 Nov 1966 Change Date Page 1-4

-
SM2A 0 3 -SC 0 1 2
GENERAL INFORMATION
BREAKOUT PLUG
(FOR APEX COVER
r PILOT PARACHUTE)
LAUNCH ESCAPE TOWER
FORWARD HEAT SHIELD ATTACHMENT (TYPICAL)
(APW COVER)
NEGATIVE PITCH
OPTICAL SIGHTING ENGINES
PORTS 1
FWD VIEW1 N G
(RENDEZVOUS)
WINDOWS
CREW
POSITIVE PITCH
AFT HEAT SHIELD
\ I
SIDE W I N D OW \ I ^.. ..... .- ^... UMBI LI;AL'
(TYPICAL 2 PLACES)'
u nATCnW""UW
ROLL ENGINES
(TYPICAL)
NOTE:
CENTER COUCH REMOVED FOR CLARITY. SM-2A-642F
Figure 1- 3. S p a c e c r a f t 0 12 Command Module
1-5
Mission B a s i c Date l 2 1966 Change Date Page
SMZA-03-SCO12
G E N E R A L INFORMATION
1.1.2. 1 Forward Compartment.
The f o r w a r d c o m p a r t m e n t ( f i g u r e 1 - 3 ) i s the a r e a o u t s i d e the f o r w a r d

a c c e s s tunnel, f o r w a r d of the c r e w c o m p a r t m e n t f o r w a r d bulkhead and i s
c o v e r e d b y the f o r w a r d h e a t s h i e l d . F o u r 9 0 - d e g r e e s e g m e n t s around the
p e r i m e t e r of the tunnel contain the r e c o v e r y equipment, two negative-pitch
r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l s y s t e m e n g i n e s , and the f o r w a r d h e a t shield r e l e a s e
m e c h a n i s m . Most of the equipment in the f o r w a r d c o m p a r t m e n t c o n s i s t s
of e a r t h landing ( r e c o v e r y ) s y s t e m components.
The f o r w a r d h e a t s h i e l d , o r a p e x c o v e r , i s m a d e of b r a z e d s t a i n l e s s -
s t e e l honeycomb and c o v e r e d with ablative m a t e r i a l . It contains four
r e c e s s e d fittings which p e r m i t the launch e s c a p e t o w e r to be attached to the
C / M i n n e r s t r u c t u r e . Jettison t h r u s t e r s s e p a r a t e the a p e s c o v e r f r o m the
C / M a f t e r e n t r y o r a f t e r the launch e s c a p e a s s e m b l y i s s e p a r a t e d during
a n a b o r t . ( F o r additional i n f o r m a t i o n , r e f e r to the sequential s y s t e m s in
s e c t i o n 2. )
1.1.2.2 Crew Compartment.
T h e c r e w c o m p a r t m e n t o r i n n e r s t r u c t u r e ( f i g u r e - 1-3) i s a s e a l e d
cabin with p r e s s u r i z a t i o n maintained by the e n v i r o n m e n t a l control s y s t e m
( E C S ) . The c o m p a r t m e n t , p r o t e c t e d by a heat shield, contains c o n t r o l s and
d i s p l a y s f o r o p e r a t i o n of the s p a c e c r a f t and s p a c e c r a f t s y s t e m s ; contains
m e c h a n i c a l a d j u s t m e n t s f o r the c r e w c o u c h e s , r e s t r a i n t h a r n e s s a s s e m -
b l i e s , hatch c o v e r s , window s h a d e s , e t c . ; and i s provided with c r e w
equipment, food and w a t e r , w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t p r o v i s i o n s , s u r v i v a l equip-
m e n t , and scientific e x p e r i m e n t s equipment. A c c e s s h a t c h e s , o b s e r v a t i o n
windows, and equipment b a y s a r e attached a s p a r t of t h e c o m p a r t m e n t s t r u c t u r e .
The c r e w c o m p a r t m e n t h e a t s h i e l d , l i k e the a p e x c o v e r , i s m a d e of
b r a z e d s t a i n l e s s - s t e e l honeycomb and c o v e r e d with ablative m a t e r i a l . T h i s
h e a t shield, o r o u t e r s t r u c t u r e , contains the S / C umbilical connector o u t l e t ,
ablative plugs, and a c o p p e r h e a t sink f o r the o p t i c a l sighting p o r t s in the
l o w e r equipment bay, two s i d e o b s e r v a t i o n windows, two f o r w a r d viewing
windows, and t h e o u t e r c o v e r f o r t h e side a c c e s s hatch which a l s o contains
a n o b s e r v a t i o n window.
1. 1 . 2 . 3 S / C C o n t r o l s and Displays.
Information r e l a t i n g t o c o n t r o l s and d i s p l a y s f o r o p e r a t i o n of the

s p a c e c r a f t and i t s s y s t e m s i s provided in s e c t i o n 3 .
1.1.2.4 C / M Mechanical Controls.
Mechanical c o n t r o l s ( f i g u r e 1 - 4 ) a r e provided in the c r e w c o m p a r t -

m e n t f o r m a n u a l o p e r a t i o n of the c r e w couch a s s e m b l y , s i d e a c c e s s hatch
c o v e r s , f o r w a r d a c c e s s hatch c o v e r , and m a n u a l o v e r r i d e l e v e r s f o r the
Mission B a s i c Date 1 2 Nov 1966 Change Date Page 1-6

S M 2 A - 0 3 -SCO 12
GENERAL INFORMATION
CONTROL
VIEW0
ECS CABIN AIR
PRESSURE CONTROLS
RELIEF VALVE A N D /
LINKAGE (2 PLA$ES)
VIEW @
X-X AlTENUATION STRUT
LOCKOUT MECHANISM
(4 PLACES) VIEW 0
Y-Y ATlENUATlON
ATTENUATION STRUT (2 PLACES 1
/ STRUT
COUCH
,BEARING
CORE
W N W L RELEASE
NYLON HOOK
FASTENER
TAPE GRIP
YNW
5 M- 24-75 X
F i g u r e 1-4. C / M M e c h a n i c a l C o n t r o l s ( S h e e t 1 of 3 )
'-
Mission B a s i c Date l2 1966 Change Date Page 1-7
SM2A -03-SCO 12
GENERAL INFORMATION
INNER WINDOW
SEALED DWVE
SHAFT (BOTH SIDES)
RACKDRIVE &4R
LATCH (6 PLACES)
CREW ACCESS HATCH

(LOOKING INBOARD)
PUSH-PIPE PLUNGER
(INTERNAL RELWE FO
B o o s HATCH COVER)
OUTER WINDOW
LATCH DRIVE SHAFT
(OUTER DRIVE COVERED BY
ABLATIVE PLUG)
BOOST HATCH COVER
EXTERNAL
LATCH DRIVE ROO
noosi HATCH
COVER WINDOW
(TYPICAL)
OUTER MATCH COVER
EMERGENCY EXTERNAL RELEASE
(VIEW ROTATED 180 DEG)
SM-ZA-753C
F i g u r e 1-4. C / M Mechanical C o n t r o l s ( S h e e t 2 of 3 )
S P A C E C R A F T 011: CONFIGURATION
Mission B a s i c Date l 2 1966 Change Date Page 1-8

S M L A - 0 3 - S C O 12
GENERAL I N F O R M A T I O N
FORWARD ACCESS HATCH COVER

EPS RECEPTACLE
(AFT SIDE OF MAIN
DISPLAY CONSOLE)
CONNECTOR
RACHET WRENCH
AIR OUTLET VALVE

(CLOSED POSITION)
CAUTION DECAL
LOCK PIN
OUTBOARD VIEW
0 POSTLANDING VENTILATION SYSTEM (PLV)
@ FORWARD ACCESS HATCH
LOCK1 NC MECHANI SM
ACCESS HATCH FWD ACCESS
BREECH-LOCK HATCH COVER
IR I N L n P O R T
CROSS-SECTION VIEW
LANYARD (TO AFT iKAM

MTIEMIN ON LEFT
AND CENTER COUCH)
SM-ZA-856A
F i g u r e 1-4. C / M M e c h a n i c a l C o n t r o l s ( S h e e t 3 of 3)
SPACECRAFT 012 CONFIGURATION
Mission B a s i c Date l 2 1966 Change Date Page 1-9

SIM2A - 0 3 - SC 0 12
G E N E RA L I N F 0R h4A T IO N
s o c k e t a t one end) i s mounted on t h e c o v e r and will b e a r a g a i n s t a b r a c k e t

on t h e tunnel w a l l . When t u r n e d by a h a n d c r a n k o r t o r q u e w r e n c h with a
5 / 3 2 - i n c h d r i v e . the j a c k s c r e w will intend and allow the c o v e r to be r o t a t e d
a n d r e m o v e d . T h e c o v e r i s r o t a t e d by u s e of the i n s i d e handholds o r the
o u t s i d e by an i t e m of GSE a n d c a n only be r e t r i e v e d f r o m within the c r e w
c o m p a r t m e n t end of the tunnel.
1.1.2.4.5 Windows and S h a d e s .
FiL-e windows a r e p r o v i d e d through the i n n e r s t r u c t u r e and h e a t shield
of the C / M : two f o r w a r d viewing, two s i d e o b s e r v a t i o n , and the c r e w a c c e s s
h a t c h windows. ( S e e f i g u r e 1 - 3 . ) D u r i n g o r b i t a l flight, p h o t o g r a p h s of
e x t e r n a l o b j e c t s will b e t a k e n t h r o u g h the viewing a n d o b s e r v a t i o n windows.
T h e i n n e r windows ( i n c l u d i n g t h e c i r c u l a r i n n e r h a t c h window) a r e m a d e of
t e m p e r e d s i l i c a g l a s s with 0. 2 5 - i n c h - t h i c k double p a n e s , s e p a r a t e d by 0 . 1
inch of s p a c e , and have a softening t e m p e r a t u r e point of 2 0 0 0 ° F . The o u t e r
windows ( i n c l u d i n g the s q u a r e o u t e r hatch window) a r e m a d e of a m o r p h o u s
f u s e d s i l i c o n with a s i n g l e 0. 7 - i n c h - t h i c k pane. E a c h pane c o n t a i n s a n
a n t i r e f l e c t i n g c o a t i n g on the e x t e r n a l s u r f a c e , and h a s b l u e - r e d r e f l e c t i v e
coating on the i n n e r s u r f a c e f o r f i l t e r i n g out m o s t i n f r a r e d a n d a l l u l t r a v i o l e t
r a y s , a softening t e m p e r a t u r e point of 2 8 0 0 " F , a n d a m e l t i n g point of 31 1 0 ° F .
S h a d e s a r e provided f o r c o n t r o l l i n g e x t e r n a l light e n t e r i n g the C / M

through the t r i a n g u l a r f o r w a r d viewing windows, the s q u a r e s i d e o b s e r v a t i o n
windows, and the c i r c u l a r i n n e r h a t c h window. T h e s e s h a d e s , individually
d e s i g n e d f o r e a c h window c o n f i g u r a t i o n , a r e m a d e of m y l a r f i l m which h a s
b e e n h e a t - t r e a t e d to r o l l up when not held flat. T h e s h a d e s a r e opaque f o r
z e r o light t r a n s m i t t a l , have a n o n r e f l e c t i v e i n n e r a l u m i n i z e d s u r f a c e , two
snap f a s t e n e r s and fabric handles for attaching o r removing f r o m a partic-
u l a r window, and a 3 / 4 - i n c h s t r i p of V e l c r o hook m a t e r i a l a r o u n d the o u t e r
s u r f a c e f o r holding the s h a d e a g a i n s t the V e l c r o pile a r o u n d the p e r i m e t e r of
t h e window. If d e s i r e d , a s h a d e c a n be p e e l e d back f r o m t h e V e l c r o pile
m a t e r i a l and stowed in p l a c e on one s i d e of !he window.
1. 1. 2 . 4 . 6 Cabin P r e s s u r e C o n t r o l s .
Two c o n t r o l l e v e r s f o r m a n u a l l y o p e r a t i n g the ECS c a b i n p r e s s u r e

r e l i e f v a l v e s a r e l o c a t e d n e a r t h e C / M left couch a n d left s i d e window. ( S e e
f i g u r e 1 - 4 . ) T h e s e l e v e r s a r e p r o v i d e d a s a m e c h a n i c a l o v e r r i d e f o r open-
ing a n d c l o s i n g t h e redundant s i d e s of the a u t o m a t i c c a b i n p r e s s u r e r e g u l a t o r .
(For additional i n f o r m a t i o n , r e f e r to the e n v i r o n m e n t a l c o n t r o l s y s t e m in
section 2 . )
1.1,2.5 C r e w Equipment and Equipment B a y s .
Each c r e w m e m b e r h a s personal and a c c e s s o r y equipment provided for

h i s u s e in t h e c r e w c o m p a r t m e n t . M a j o r i t e m s of p e r s o n a l e q u i p m e n t con-
s i s t of a p r e s s u r e g a r m e n t a s s e m b l y ( P G A ) with a t t a c h i n g h o s e and
umbilical, a communications a s s e m b l y , a constant-wear garment, bio-
m e d i c a l s e n s o r s , a n d r a d i a t i o n d o s i m e t e r s . lMajor i t e m s of a c c e s s o r y
e q u i p m e n t s h a r e d by t h e c r e w c o n s i s t of a n in-flight tool s e t and a m e d i c a l
k i t . ( F o r a d e t a i l e d l i s t of c r e w e q u i p m e n t , r e f e r to s e c t i o n 6 . ) ( S p e c i f i c
i t e m s c o n t a i n e d in the C / M e q u i p m e n t and s t o r a g e b a y s a r e l i s t e d i n f i g u r e 1 - 6 . )
Mission B a s i c Date l2 1966 Change Date Page 1-12

I (inner corer)
I I
-
FORWARD REFERENCE VIEW -
1
LEFT-HAND FORWARD EQUIPMENT BAY (LHFEB) AND LEFf,
-~ ~
IS C l a k ON
2 16 G&N loo
17 hxtont o
3
4
18 C m atla
19 Clothing
5
20 lruttiol n
6
7 21 1.h c n -
B 22 Oxyq8n 4
23 Wial
9
IO
11 24 Side rhoc
25 Spncewit
12 26 ECS voIv8
13 27 ECS w c y g
+X
2 28 Sigml m n d i t w n i n g .quipent
s p c w i t S~OWOQ* bop ond scientific . q u i p e n ( itorqe (,,I
3 Ga chronotopmph
29 VHF m r l t i p l u e r
4 Flight qwlifisotim t o p n c o d r
30 Dot0 wiring
5 Scientific q u i p ” m m p m n m t A
31 P r d v l o t i m OIOC-I
32 VHF n c o r e t y &con ond VHF-AM t m r u n i t t e m c e i r e r
6 Display/otiitde gyrrroccda-eter (EU)
33 Audio ceniar
7 Food itoras. (5 containen)
34 Centml timing
8 A W t h gyro ond o c a l e m - m t e r
35 TV optics rtom~e(ref)
9 b t . gym
36 h l u - c d e m o d u l o t i o n ( K M ) unit 2 telanetr, q u i p e n t
IO C W p l i n g ond d i i p k y pnl
37 VHF-FM Imrunittar ond HF tmrrrceivar
1I Sr p i l o t w i t mnnector p n c l ond clectricol e ~ n ~ c t (no
or 38 h l w - c d a mdulaticm (PCM) unit I l e l m e t y quip.nt
I2 Cabin air m c i r w l o t i m b n (reo
13
14
IMU M t m l p w l
Liphting contml
39
40 S-bod
41
-.I
Scientific q u i p e n t e w o p r r m o n t C
C-bondtmnpad.r
onplifier
15 F O I W O ~o c w hatch c w e r (nf)
16 P a t l o d i n g ECS air outlet duct 42 C@ ob.orb.r mntoiwr (mf)
43 Food and rort table (in-flight tDol set)
17 P a l l o n d i n g ECS m a r mbla
U Digitol up-ho link
18 Fo-d OCC.L( hatch (nf)
45 Unifid $-bond e q u i m n t
19 Sox~ontb l a c o p eyepieca s t o w
20 Sextont ond t e l a c o p -1 46 Fecal coniiter b i t i d )
21 Computer display and control pml 47 Scientific q u i p n e n t mmporrmmt 8
22 G 6 N control panal IMU
48 &I1 c h o m l ED,
23 S u n i v o l p m r i i i o n (nf) 49 Dolo p c L o g * conloiner lolm m wtbood couch h a )
24 C l i n i c o l monitoring inst-mi wt comportment
50 G I N c a p u t e r
25 P a r sono ollmbly ( P U ) 51 Pitch chonn.1 ED,
52 Auxilioy E D ,
?6 Doto s t o w q u i p e n t
Yaw channel E t *
27 Towel stomg.
RIGHT-HAND FORWARD EQUIPMNT BAY (RHFEB) ANDRIGHT-HANDt
1 C@ obs0rb.r conbiwr (n9

2 W a l e mampnnsnt sn1.m
' 41
42
43
C-bondtmnpwd.r
CQ oborbr c m t o i n r (ref)
F d o d w o k toble (in-flight tml u t )
U Dipitol up-doto lint
45 Unified S - b d q u i p e n t
46 Fecal coniiter h i t i d )
47 Scirntific e q u i m n t m m p O m m t B .
4E bll c h o m l t U
49 h t o pockog. COntoinr (01.0 m w t k d couh h a )
50 GhNcmputer
51 Pitch chonnel E C *
52 Aurilioy E a
9 Yor3PmeI E
U
I
-
Missi
SMZA-03-SC012 3
1
I
. k
G E N E F A L INFORMATION
4
,\
'\\
'SENT BAY (RHFEBI AND RIGHT-HANDEPIJIPMENT BAY (RHEB)
I7
I8
I9
20
ZI
21
21
24
25
26
Z?
n
29
F i g u r e 1-6. C / M E q u i p m e n t and S t o w a g e B a y s I
1
I
Miss ion Basic D a t e l 2 1966 Change D a t e page 1-13/1-14

SMZA -03-SCO 12
GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1.2.6 F o o d and W a t e r .
Food and w a t e r p r o v i s i o n s , including w a t e r d e l i v e r y a n d food p r e p a r a -

t i o n e q u i p m e n t , a r e a v a i l a b l e i n t h e c r e w c o m p a r t m e n t LHEB a n d L E B
( f i g u r e 1 - 6 ) f o r t h e length of t h e m i s s i o n . Food m a y b e p r e p a r e d
by adding w a t e r t o p l a s t i c b a g s containing the d e h y d r a t e d food a n d kneading
t h e m i x t u r e . P r e p a r e d food c a n be s q u e e z e d d i r e c t l y i n t o t h e mouth of a n
a s t r o n a u t . Hot o r cold w a t e r is a v a i l a b l e at t h e p o t a b l e w a t e r s u p p l y p a n e l
f o r food r e c o n s t i t u t i o n . Chilled d r i n k i n g w a t e r is supplied t o t h e c r e w t h r o u g h
a f l e x i b l e h o s e f r o m t h e w a t e r d e l i v e r y unit. T h e potable w a t e r is a
b y - p r o d u c t of t h e E P S f u e l c e l l s .
1. 1 . 2 . 7 W a s t e Management.
Waste m a n a g e m e n t p r o v i s i o n s i n the c r e w c o m p a r t m e n t R H F E B and

AESB ( f i g u r e 1 - 6 ) c o n s i s t of e q u i p m e n t f o r c o l l e c t i n g , s t e r i l i z i n g , a n d
s t o r i n g h u m a n f e c a l m a t t e r a n d p e r s o n a l hygiene w a s t e s ( s u c h a s u s e d
c l e a n s i n g p a d s , t o w e l s , e t c . ). F e c a l m a t t e r a n d p e r s o n a l hygiene w a s t e s
a r e c o l l e c t e d i n polyethylene b a g s , d i s i n f e c t e d , a n d s t o r e d i n a vented a r e a .
U r i n e i s e x p e l l e d o v e r b o a r d into s p a c e .
1.1.2.8 S u r viva1 E q u i p m e n t .
The s u r v i v a l k i t s stowed i n t h e c r e w c o m p a r t m e n t R H F E B ( f i g u r e 1 - 6 )
a r e a v a i l a b l e f o r the postlanding p h a s e of the m i s s i o n ( l a n d o r w a t e r ) . The
m a j o r i t e m s contained i n e a c h kit include 6 pounds of w a t e r , a d e s a l t e r k i t ,
a o n e - m a n life r a f t , r a d i o t r a n s c e i v e r , p o r t a b l e l i g h t , s u n g l a s s e s , and a
m a c h e t e . Life v e s t s w o r n by the c r e w d u r i n g lift-off a n d e n t r y a r e stowed
i n t h e s p a c e s u i t stowage bag d u r i n g the o r b i t p h a s e of the m i s s i o n . (See
figure 1-6. )
1. 1 . 2 . 9 Aft C o m p a r t m e n t .
T h e a f t c o m p a r t m e n t ( f i g u r e 1 - 3 ) is t h e a r e a e n c o m p a s s e d by the aft
p o r t i o n of t h e c r e w c o m p a r t m e n t h e a t s h i e l d , a f t h e a t s h i e l d , and aft p o r t i o n
of t h e p r i m a r y s t r u c t u r e . T h i s c o m p a r t m e n t c o n t a i n s 10 r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l
e n g i n e s , a n i m p a c t a t t e n u a t i o n s t r u c t u r e , i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n , and s t o r a g e t a n k s
f o r w a t e r , f u e l , o x i d i z e r , a n d g a s e o u s h e l i u m . ( F o u r c r u s h a b l e r i b s , along
the S / C +Z a x i s , a r e provided a s p a r t of the i m p a c t a t t e n u a t i o n s t r u c t u r e t o
a b s o r b e n e r g y during a l a n d i m p a c t . )
The aft h e a t s h i e l d , which e n c l o s e s the l a r g e e n d of the C / M , i s a

s h a l l o w s p h e r i c a l l y c o n t o u r e d a s s e m b l y . It i s m a d e of the s a m e type of
m a t e r i a l s as other C / M heat shields. However, the ablative m a t e r i a l on
t h i s h e a t s h i e l d h a s a g r e a t e r t h i c k n e s s f o r t h e d i s s i p a t i o n of h e a t d u r i n g
e n t r y . E x t e r n a l p r o v i s i o n s a r e m a d e o n t h i s h e a t s h i e l d f o r connecting the
C / M t o the S / M .
~~
S P A C E C R A F T 01 2 CONFIGURATION
Mi s s i on B a s i c Date l 2 1966 Change Date Page '-I5

SM2A -03-SCO 1 2
--
GENERAL INFORMATION
1. 1. 3 SERVICE MODULE
The S / M is a c y l i n d r i c a l s t r u c t u r e f o r m e d by 1 - i n c h - t h i c k a l u m i n u m
honeycomb p a n e l s . R a d i a l b e a m s , f r o m m i l l e d a l u m i n u m a l l o y p l a t e s ,
s e p a r a t e t h e s t r u c t u r e i n t e r i o r i n t o s i x unequal s e c t o r s a r o u n d a c i r c u l a r
c e n t e r s e c t i o n . (See f i g u r e 1 - 7. ) Equipment contained within the s e r v i c e
module i s a c c e s s i b l e t h r o u g h m a i n t e n a n c e d o o r s l o c a t e d s t r a t e g i c a l l y a r o u n d
t h e e x t e r i o r s u r f a c e of the m o d u l e . Specific i t e m s , s u c h a s flight c o n t r o l
s y s t e m (SPS a n d RCS) a n d m o s t of t h e S / C o n - b o a r d c o n s u m a b l e s ( a n d
s t o r a g e t a n k s ) c o n t a i n e d i n the S / M c o m p a r t m e n t s , a r e l i s t e d i n f i g u r e 1 - 7 .
R a d i a l b e a m t r u s s e s on the f o r w a r d p o r t i o n of the S / M s t r u c t u r e
( f i g u r e 1 - 7 ) provide a m e a n s f o r s e c u r i n g the C / M t o the S / M . A l t e r n a t e
b e a m s , o n e , t h r e e , and f i v e , have c o m p r e s s i o n pads f o r s u p p o r t i n g the C I M .
B e a m s two, f o u r , a n d s i x , have s h e a r - c o m p r e s s i o n p a d s , and t e n s i o n t i e s ,
A flat c e n t e r s e c t i o n i n e a c h t e n s i o n t i e i n c o r p o r a t e s redundant e x p l o s i v e
c h a r g e s f o r S / M - C / M separation. These b e a m s and separation devices a r e
e n c l o s e d within a f a i r i n g ( 2 6 i n c h e s high a n d 1 3 f e e t i n d i a m e t e r ) b e t w e e n the
C / M and S/M.
1.1.4 S P A C E C R A F T L E M ADAPTER.
The s p a c e c r a f t LEM a d a p t e r ( S L A ) i s a t r u n c a t e d c o n e which c o n n e c t s

the CSM t o the S-IVB i n s t r u m e n t unit o n t h e l a u n c h v e h i c l e , (See f i g u r e 1 - 1 . )
T h i s a d a p t e r , c o n s t r u c t e d of e i g h t 2 - i n c h - t h i c k aluminum p a n e l s , is 154 inclies
i n d i a m e t e r a t the f o r w a r d end ( C / M i n t e r f a c e ) a n d 260 i n c h e s a t the a f t e n d .
S e p a r a t i o n of t h e s p a c e c r a f t f r o m the S L A is a c c o m p l i s h e d by m e a n s of
e x p l o s i v e c h a r g e s which p e r m i t the f o u r SLA f o r w a r d p a n e l s (above
s t a t i o n 583, 3 ) . t o d i s e n g a g e f r o m the CSM a n d r o t a t e o u t w a r d 45 d e g r e e s f r o m
v e r t i c a l . The f o u r aft p a n e l s r e m a i n a t t a c h e d t o the S-IVB i n s t r u m e n t unit.
F o r m i s s i o n 2 0 4 A , a c r o s s - s h a p e d s t i f f e n e r is i n s t a l l e d within the S L A in
p l a c e of a LEM. The S / M SPS n o z z l e e x t e n d s into the SLX which a l s o h o u s e s
a n u m b i l i c a l c a b l e f o r connecting c i r c u i t s between the launch vehicle and t h e
s pace c r a f t .
1. 1 . 5 S P A C E C R A F T SYSTEMS.
Data r e l a t i n g t o the o p e r a t i o n a l s p a c e c r a f t s y s t e m s a n d i n t e r f a c e
i n f o r m a t i o n a r e p r e s e n t e d i n s e c t i o n 2 of t h i s handbook.
1.2 L-4 UN CH VEHIC LE C OKFIGURX T ION.
-4 tnro-stage S a t u r n I B launch v e h i c l e , c o n s i s t i n g of a n S-IB b o o s t e r and

a n S-IVB s e c o n d s t a g e , i s s c h e d u l e d to p r o v i d e the r e q u i r e d t h r u s t f o r
i n s e r t i n g S I C 012 into o r b i t ( f i g u r e 1 - 8 . ) A n i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n unit, l o c a t e d
between the S-IVB a n d t h e SLA, c o n t r o l s e a c h of the two boost s t a g e s d u r i n g
flight. T h e t o t a l length oi t h e S a t u r n IB launch v e h i c l e , including the s p a c e -
c r a f t , i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 2 4 f e e t . .An e m e r g e n c y d e t e c t i o n s y s t e m s e q u e n c e r
d i s p l a y p a n e l , in the C / h l , e n a b l e s the c r e w to m o n i t o r l a u n c h v e h i c l e engine
p e r f o r m a n c e d u r i n g lift-off. ( R e f e r to t h e s e q u e n t i a l s y s t e m s in s e c t i o n 2 . )
Mission
S P A C E C R A F T 0 12 CONFIGURATION-LAUNCH
B a s i c Date l2 1966 Change Date

VEHICLE CONFIGURATION
Page
.
1-16
SMZA -03-SCO 12
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GENERAL INFORMATION
IDIZER T A N K
ECS SPACE
ECS SPACE RADIATOR
EPS SPACE RADIATOR
SECTOR 4
(SKIN PARTIALLY REMOVED
F O R CLARITY)
C / M r e c t o n (top view)
SPS ENGINE
EXPANSION N O Z Z L E
/ 1 and 4 are 50-degree secton
2 and 5 ore 70dagree recton
3 and 6 am &)-degree secton
SERVICE M O D U L E ITEMS
Sector 1
Sector 5
E l e c t r i c a l power s y s t e m space radiator Environmental control system space radiator
S u p e r - c r i t i c a l o x y g e n t a n k (two) S e r v i c e propulsion s y s t e m oxidizer tank
S u p e r - c r i t i c a l h y d r o g e n t a n k (two) Reaction control s y s t e m package ( - Y axis)
Sector 2 Sector 6
Environmental control system space radiator S p a c e r a d i a t o r s e l e c t i o n v a l v e , (two)
S e r v i c e propulsion s y s t e m oxidizer tank G l y c o l s h u t o f f v a l v e s (two)
Reaction control s y s t e m package (+Y-axis) Reaction control system package (-Z axis)
S p a c e r a d i a t o r i s o l a t i o n v a l v e (two) S e r v i c e propulsion s y s t e m fuel tank
Sector 3
Center section
S e r v i c e propulsion s y s t e m fuel tank S e r v i c e p r o p u l s i o n s y s t e m h e l i u m t a n k (two)
Reaction control system package ( t Z - a x i s ) S e r v i c e propulsion s y s t e m engine
S e r v i c e p r o p u l s i o n s y s t e m h e l i u m t a n k s (two)
Sector 4
E l e c t r i c a l power s y s t e m s p a c e radiator
Fuel cell power plant ( t h r e e )
Helium s e r v i c i n g panel
Reaction control s y s t e m control unit
E l e c t r i c a l p o w e r s y s t e m power c o n t r o l r e l a y box
S e r v i c e m o d u l e j e t t i s o n c o n t r o l b a t t e r y (two)
S e r v i c e m o d u l e J e t t i s o n c o n t r o l l e r s e q u e n c e r (two)
Water supply tank (two)
SM-2A-643 E
t
Figure 1 - 7 . Spacecraft 012 Service Module
S P A C E C R A F T 0 12 CONFIGURATION
Mission B a s i c Date,12 1966 Change Date Page '-I7

- - SC 0 1 2
S IM2 A 0 3
-..-
G E N E R A L INFORMATION
SICILEM
/ADAPTER
INSTRUMENT
-
/
UNIT
i
S- IVB
STAGE
I
/ S - l STAGE
F i g u r e 1-8. Apollo L a u n c h Vehicle ( S a t u r n IB)
LAUNCH V E H I C L E CONFIGURATION
1-18
hli s s ion B a s i c Date 12 1966 Change Date Page
SiM2A - 0 3 -SCO 12
)1
GENERAL INFOFGVIATION
1.2.1 S-IB BOOSTER.
T h e S - I B b o o s t e r ( f i r s t s t a g e ) f o r S a t u r n IB i s m a n u f a c t u r e d by the
C h r y s l e r C o r p o r a t i o n . T h i s b o o s t e r i s 2 5 7 i n c h e s in d i a m a t e r , 82 f e e t in
length, a n d i s powered by e i g h t Rocketdyne H- 1 engines. E a c h engine,
burning R P - 1 a n d liquid oxygen, p r o d u c e s 200,0 0 0 pounds of t h r u s t f o r a
t o t a l s t a g e t h r u s t o v e r 1, 6 0 0 , 0 0 0 pounds.
1.2.2 S-IVB SECOND STAGE.
T h e S-IVB s e c o n d s t a g e f o r S a t u r n IB is m a n u f a c t u r e d by t h e Douglas
A i r c r a f t Company. T h i s s t a g e is 260 i n c h e s i n d i a m e t e r , 58 f e e t i n l e n g t h ,
a n d i s powered by a s i n g l e Rocketdyne 5 - 2 engine. T h e e n g i n e , b u r n i n g
liquid h y d r o g e n and oxygen, p r o d u c e s a s t a g e t h r u s t of a p p r o x i m a t e l y
200, 000 pounds, D u r i n g flight, the J - 2 engine u s e s t h r e e d i f f e r e n t m i x t u r e
r a t i o s , r e s u l t i n g i n v a l u e s of t h r u s t r a n g i n g f r o m 190, 000 to 2 3 0 , 0 0 0 pounds.
1.3 MISSION 204A WEIGHT STATUS.
NOTE T h e NASA-MSC is r e s p o n s i b l e f o r providing a

d e t a i l e d weight s t a t u s f o r Apollo m i s s i o n 2 0 4 A a s
a v a i l a b l e i n the iMSC R e f e r e n c e T r a j e c t o r y Document.
1.4 POSTLANDING AND RECOVERY,
I n f o r m a t i o n r e l a t i n g t o postlanding r e c o v e r y a i d s is p r o v i d e d u n d e r
s e q u e n t i a l s y s t e m s in s e c t i o n 2 . P o s t l a n d i n g ventilation f o r the c r e w i s
supplied through two vent v a l v e s i n the f o r w a r d a c c e s s h a t c h c o v e r . ( S e e
f i g u r e 1 - 4 . ) A handpump and flexible h o s e , s t o r e d u n d e r the r i g h t c r e w
couch ( f i g u r e 1-6), i s u s e d to o b t a i n w a t e r f r o m the s e a f o r c o n v e r s i o n t o
potable w a t e r . ( R e f e r to c r e w e q u i p m e n t i n s e c t i o n 6 . ) An Apollo R e c o v e r y
O p e r a t i o n s Handbook w i l l p r o v i d e a d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n of r e c o v e r y equip-
m e n t and r e s c u e p r o c e d u r e s .
L-AUNCH VEHICLE CONFIGUEW TION --hlISSION 2 04A WEIGHT STATUS -

POSTLANDING AND RECOVERY
M i s s ion B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page 1 - 1 9 / 1 - 2 0
SM2A-03-SC012
SYSTEMS D-AT-4
SECTION 2
SYSTEMS D.4TA
INTRODUCTION.
S y s t e m s d a t a include d e s c r i p t i o n of o p e r a t i o n s , component d e s c r i p -
tion and d e s i g n d a t a , o p e r a t i o n a l l i m i t a t i o n s a n d r e s t r i c t i o n s , and t e l e m e t r y
m e a s u r e m e n t s . Subsection 2 . 1 d e s c r i b e s the o v e r a l l s p a c e c r a f t navigation,
g u i d a n c e , and c o n t r o l r e q u i r e m e n t s and the r e s u l t a n t s y s t e m s i n t e r f a c e .
S u b s e c t i o n s 2. Z t h r o u g h 2. 1 0 p r e s e n t data grouped by s p a c e c r a f t s y s t e m s ,
a r r a n g e d in t h e following o r d e r : guidance and navigation, s t a b i l i z a t i o n a n d
c o n t r o l , s e r v i c e p r o p u l s i o n , r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l , e l e c t r i c a l p o w e r , eniriron-
m e n t a l c o n t r o l , t e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n s , s e q u e n t i a l , and c a u t i o n s a n d w a r n i n g s .
Subsection 2. 1 1 d e a l s with m i s c e l l a n e o u s s y s t e m s d a t a .
M i s s ion
B a s i c Date l 2 Nov l q 6 6 Change D a t e pale 2 - 1 1 2 - 2
SM2A -03-SCO 1 2
v
SYSTEMS D.4T-4
SECTION 2
SUBSECTION 2 . 1
GUID.4NCE .4ND CONTROL
2.1.1 SYSTEMS INTERFACE. GUIDANCE -4ND CONTROL.
Apollo CSM a t m o s p h e r i c and s p a c e flight i s a c h i e v e d by a p p l i c a t i o n of

c o n t r o l l e d t r a n s l a t i o n f o r c e s a n d r o t a t i o n a l f o r c e m o m e n t s . Guidance and
c o n t r o l i n i t i a t e s and t e r m i n a t e s the t h r u s t a n d r o t a t i o n a l f o r c e s and f o r c e
m o m e n t s a s a function of the m a g n i t u d e of the change r e q u i r e d . Guidance
a n d c o n t r o l p r o v i d e s t h e following b a s i c functions:
Attitude C o n t r o l
Guidance
Navigation
Attitude c o n t r o l i s a function a s s o c i a t e d with s p a c e c r a f t o r i e n t a t i o n

with r e s p e c t t o a n i n e r t i a l r e f e r e n c e o r a known c o o r d i n a t e s y s t e m .
G u i d a n c e i s a function r e q u i r i n g a combination of a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l with r a t e
s t a b i l i z a t i o n and s t e e r i n g c o m m a n d s f o r the p u r p o s e of modifying s p a c e -
c r a f t t r a j e c t o r y via m a j o r v e l o c i t y c h a n g e s . Navigation d e t e r m i n e s
s p a c e c r a f t position a n d v e l o c i t y , and p r e d i c t s f u t u r e position.
T o a c c o m p l i s h m i s s i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s , t h e guidance and navigation,

s t a b i l i z a t i o n and c o n t r o l , s e r v i c e p r o p u l s i o n , and r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l s y s t e m s ,
p l u s the a s t r o n a u t s , a r e i n t e g r a t e d i n t o a n a u t o m a t i c / m a n u a l c l o s e d loop
control system.
G u i d a n c e and c o n t r o l a c t i v i t y i s grouped into t h r e e p r o f i l e s of flight:

c o a s t i n g , p o w e r e d , and a t m o s p h e r i c . T h e p r i m a r y c o n t r o l l o o p s involved
a r e i l l u s t r a t e d i n f i g u r e s 2. 1-1 t h r o u g h 2 . 1 - 4 . F i g u r e 2. 1 - 1 i s an
a b b r e v i a t e d i n t e g r a t i o n of all m a j o r e q u i p m e n t s n e c e s s a r y to a c c o m p l i s h
t h e a c t i v i t i e s in a l l t h r e e flight p r o f i l e s . F i g u r e s 2. 1 - 2 t h r o u g h 2. 1 - 4
divide t h e e q u i p m e n t i n t o the p r o p e r p e r s p e c t i v e f o r e a c h p r o f i l e .
It m u s t be noted that i n f i g u r e 2. 1 - 1 , the loops a r e c l o s e d t h a t

r e p r e s e n t c o a s t i n g flight ( C F ) functions. F o r powered flight ( P F ) o r
a t m o s p h e r i c flight ( A F ) , open t h e c o a s t i n g flight loops and c l o s e c o n t a c t s
r e p r e s e n t i n g t h e d e s i r e d loops.
2 . 1.7 COASTING FLIGHT
T h e guidance and c o n t r o l a c t i v i t i e s involved in c o a s t i n g flight a r e

a c c o m p l i s h e d t h r o u g h t h e b a s i c functional l o o p s shown in f i g u r e 2 . 1 - 2 .
GUIDANCE -4ND CONTROL
Mission B a s i c Date l2 1966 Change Date Page 2*1-1

SMZA - 0 3 - S C O 1 2
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e s e l o o p s p r o v i d e a t t i t u d e r e f e r e n c e , a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l , a t t i t u d e hold, and
a u t o m a t i c and m a n u a l m a n e u v e r c a p a b i l i t i e s n e c e s s a r y to a c c o m p l i s h the
s e v e r a l t a s k s involved d u r i n g c o a s t i n g flight. They a r e a l s o the c e n t r a l
r e f e r e n c e and c o n t r o l l o o p s r e q u i r e d for a l l p h a s e s of flight.
A r e f e r e n c e a t t i t u d e f r a m e i s e s t a b l i s h e d by t h e G & N i n e r t i a l m e a s -
u r e m e n t unit (IMU), a n d / o r by the SCS body-mounted a t t i t u d e g y r o s
( B M A G s ) , a n d a t t i t u d e g y r o coupling unit (AGCU). I n e r t i a l s e n s o r s s e n s e
S I C m o t i o n c o n t r a r y to t h e r e f e r e n c e f r a m e . T h e s e n s e d a t t i t u d e e r r o r s
a n d r a t e s a r e conditioned t h r o u g h s e r v o e l e c t r o n i c s and logic to i n i t i a t e
c o u n t e r m o t i o n s v i a t h e r e a c t i o n j e t c o n t r o l (RCS) which nullifies the o r i g i n a l
motion. T h e 4 G C i n s e r t s a u t o m a t i c c o n t r o l a n d m a n e u v e r c o m m a n d s into
t h e loop. T h e r o t a t i o n , t r a n s l a t i o n , and a t t i t u d e i m p u l s e c o n t r o l s i n s e r t
m a n u a l c o m m a n d s into the loop. T h e flight d i r e c t o r attitude i n d i c a t o r
(FDAI) i s the S / C attitude visual display.
2.1. 3 POWERED FLIGHT.
P o w e r e d flight i s c o n s i d e r e d that which will u s e the S / M s e r v i c e

p r o p u l s i o n s y s t e m ( S P S ) engine to i n i t i a t e a m a j o r v e l o c i t y change.
F i g u r e 2 . 1 - 3 i l l u s t r a t e s t h o s e b a s i c loops n e c e s s a r y f o r t h e t a s k s invol\,ed.
-4s shown, the loops a r e a n e x t e n s i o n of t h o s e r e q u i r e d f o r c o a s t i n g flight.
Added, a r e t h e ( S P S ) engine on-off t h r u s t l o g i c a n d the SPS g i m b a l c o n t r o l
l o o p s . In c o a s t i n g flight, a l l a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l is t h r o u g h the RCS. P o w e r e d
flight, by t h e S P S engine, r e q u i r e s r o l l c o n t r o l through the RCS, a n d pitch
a n d yaw c o n t r o l by g i m b a l i n g t h e SPS engine n o z z l e . P r i m a r y c o n t r o l of
t h r u s t i n g i s by t h e -4GC. However, f i g u r e 2. 1 - 3 s h o w s how v a r i o u s manual
c o n t r o l s c a n be u s e d i n s t e a d of o r t o backup a u t o m a t i c functions.
2.1.4 -4T MOSPHE RI C FLIGHT
A t m o s p h e r i c flight i s e n c o u n t e r e d d u r i n g t h e e n t r y p h a s e of the
m i s s i o n a t which t i m e the S / C e x p e r i e n c e s a e r o d y n a m i c f o r c e s .
F i g u r e 2 . 1 - 4 i l l u s t r a t e s t h e b a s i c loops r e q u i r e d f o r c o n t r o l of the S / C
d u r i n g t h i s p h a s e . T h e c e n t r a l loop i s i d e n t i c a l t o t h a t in f i g u r e 2. 1 - 2 .
T h e m a i n d i f f e r e n c e i s t h a t s e r v i c e m o d u l e / c o m m a n d module ( S / M - C / M )
s e p a r a t i o n h a s t a k e n p l a c e , a n d the c o m m a n d module RCS s y s t e m i s u s e d .
A n o t h e r d i f f e r e n c e i s t h a t t h e a e r o d y n a m i c f o r c e s will s t a b i l i z e the C / M in
pitch and yaw, a n d the e n t r y g - l e v e l ( l i f t vecto:- c o n t r o l ) will i n c r e a s e o r
d e c r e a s e t h r o u g h r o l l c o n t r o l . P r i m a r y c o n t r o l i s a u t o m a t i c , with m a n u a l
r o t a t i o n c o n t r o l a v a i l a b l e , in exrent of a u t o m a t i c c o n t r o l m a l f u n c t i o n s .
F o r d e t a i l e d o p e r a t i o n of the s e v e r a l loops involved i n guidance and

c o n t r o l , r e f e r to the d e s c r i p t i o n s of the guidance and na\.igation s y s t e m ,
s u b s e c t i o n 2. 2 , and the s t a b i l i z a t i o n a n d c o n t r o l s y s t e m , s u b s e c t i o n 2 . 3.
GUIDANCE AND CONTROL
Mission B a s i c Date l2 1966 Change D a t e Page 2.1-2

PROGRAMSELECTANITIATE
FROM NAVIGATIONS G
OR UPLINK (MSFN) N
LI
1.
VELOCITY
pF T
CHANGES I;
I
I
1;
COASTING FLIGHT (CF) I
----- POWERED FLIGHT (PF) 1;
------- ATMOSPHERIC FLIGHT (AF)
I
L
i
AF
PR
- t
----
COWNDS DIRECT DECOUPLING
NAVIGATION (FCSM THRUST ON-OFF I
SENSING) COMMANDS ROLL ERRORS T(
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MANUAL
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A V SETTINGS
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COWNDS VELOCITY SENSING - sRK- - - - - - - - _ _ _
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GUIDANCE A N D
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FROM
AGC
- - - - - - - -+I-----+
COMMANDS (GbN)
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c LOOPS (CF, PF, AF)
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?UDE ERRORS pF CF
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JET CONTROL
~ ~ ! ~
DYNAMICS
~ l ~ a
------- ERRORS
+ + STEERING SUMMING SUMMING
CIRCUITS CIRCUITS
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I I I
PF FORCE
TO
+ I I-
- f f
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ELECTRONICS I
- -i t - - GIMML
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ELECTRONICS
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1
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RATE
ATE5 FROM INERTIAL SENSOR, DISPLAY,
GYROS
RATE A N D FEEDBACK LOOPS
GYROS (CF, PF, AF)
FROM ORBITAL RATE
AGCU LOCAL VERTICAL
~~
ATTITUM CHANGES
VELOCITY CHANGES
SM-2h-947
Figure 2. 1 - 1 . Integrated Flight P r o f i l e Functional Flow Diagram
Mission B a s i c Date l 2 N? 1966 Change Date I Page 2.1-312.1-4

PROGRAM SELECT/INITIATE
FROM NAVIGATIONS
OR UPLINK (MSFN)
'+
I
I I
L--
-
ROTATION DIREC
COMMANDS
1
M N U M MANUAL
ROTATION TRANSLATIC
COWNOS COMMAND5
I
Maw
PROFORTIONb DISAE.1
co Mh4
ATTITUDE
IMWLSE
CONTROL
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(GAM
ATTITUDE COMMANDS
1 *
ATTITUDE
Df ADBAND
AND LIMITING 4 I -b
PSEUDO
PUL!
MODh
I ) (SCS)
. (SC!
-------
ATTITUDE ERRORS
AllllUM I
PATES
ATTITUDE REI
TOTAL
-
DISPLAY, A b
________* AnlTU[W
f
AGCU ARS AT^4-
EULER 4 SENSORS
COMPUTER REF A l l ORBITAL RA
ALIGN LOCAL VER’,
I . ..
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M i s s ion,
...
SMZA-03-SC012
A P O L m OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
SYSTEMS DATA
/
RCS ATTITUDE CONTROL

LOO? I
DIRECT CONTROL
1 I
JU MANUAL TRANSLATION
i
MANUAL
I
.ION
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TRANSLATION
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b CONTROL
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-
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- I
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LOGIC
( s a
b
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~
SPACECRAFT
DYNAMlCS
ATTITUDE REFERENCE, INERTIAL SENSOR,

DISPLAY, A N D FEED0ACK L O O P S
OR0ITAL RATE
LOCAL VTRTICAL
ATTITUDE CMNCES
P SM-ZA-VU
Figure 2. 1-2. Cwsting Flight P r o f i l e Functional Flow Diagram

Mission B a s i c Date-12 Nov 1966 Change Date page, 2 . 1 - 5 / 2 . 1 - 6
1
I N A V I G A T I O N CONTROL LOOP
I
ACCELEROMETER
FROM NAVIGATIONS
OR UPLINK (MSFN)
TIME
'
I
AGC
NAVIGATION
AND
sPS
AND
MANUAL DIRECT
THRUST ON-OFF
GUIDANCE
~ R O G M ~ THRUST ON-OFF
ENGINE
VELOCITY I N
)G
I( CUAMANDS (G61.I)
+ CONTROL
(SK)
-
HANGES
-c
1
i i
I STEERING I
I COWNDS
I
II
-I I
T
I A N D CONTROL
(GhW
I
A I ATTITUDE
COMMANDS
I
I -FDA1 (SCS)7
I 41 ATTITUDE
VELOCITY
CHANGES
MANUAl ROTATION
ROTATION 4 C O M R O LS DIRECT Ci
-c
COMMANDS (SCS)
--------- 1
-4
MANUAL
TRANSLATION
:CEu RATION
'1D VELOCITY
I COMMANDS
ACCELEROMETER I PROPORTIONAL
SENSOR
I
ps MANUAL DIRECT i II 2 -
"-OFF AND
iLOC1TY
NSING
THRUST ON-OFF
COMMANDS I ROLL ERRORS
ATTITUDE
DEADMND
* PSEUDO RATE
J
I 1 AND LIMITING MODULATOR
PULSE
(SCS)
----C !
ENGINE
CONTROL
I
4L THRUST ON I r----+-
4NDS (SCS)
"NDS
I
!I
GIMBAL
POSITION ELECTRONICS
CONTROLS
ANUAl
LIM
ATTITUDE
COMMANDS
FDA1 (SCS)
-ATTITUDE 4
- ATTITUDE ERRORS
~ -.- I
4
ATTITUIX
RATES
*
1
\
TOTAL
ATTITUDE
I
ATTITUM
ARS
REF SENSORS
*
2zGN ( W A G S ) SCS ATTITUDE CHANGES
VELOCITY CHANGES
Figure 2 .
Mission Ba 8
' . .
-
SM2A 0 3 - SCO 12
SYSTEMS DATA
--------------c-------
RCS ATTITUDE C O N T R O ~
1 MANUAL
DIRECT CONTROL
TRANSLATION
LOOP
MANUAL
DIRECT
I
I
TRANSLATION
COMMANDS
c CONTROL
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ULLAGE
COMMAND I THRUST
I ACCELERATION
AND
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I THRUST
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' PSEUDO RATE

T
REACTION
c
REACTION
JET
FORCE
AND 1 OR
TORQUE
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PULSE JET SELECTION (S/MRCS)
e
1
~
-
---------------------
MODULATOR
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-C
1
LOGIC (SCS)
J-
GIMBAL
.*
POSITION
SENSORS
66)
GIMBAL
POSITION E LE CT RON1CS SPS ENGINE GIMBAL
CONTROLS
CONTROL LOOP
U U
. I
- 'MANDS 1
GIMBAL
SERVO
ELECTRONICS
(SCS)
-
I
GIMBAL
CONTROL
ELECTRONICS
(SCS)
- ENGINE
GIMAL
CONTROL
(SPS)
I
I
I
TORQUE
GI M A L
c ' RATE
SENSORS
(SPn -

DISPLAY, A N D FEEDBACK LOOPS
'IfiAW
-
4
>
d

Basic Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date page 2. 1 - 7 / 2 . 1 - 8
Mission
. . . .. . .
I I
I AUTOMATIC GUIDANC'E AND I
I N A V I G A T I O N CONTROL LOOP I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I AGC
I
I NAVIGATION
I
I
-
I AND
I GUIDANCE I
I
I PROGRAMS
(GW I
VELOCITY I I
CHANGES I I
I
I I
I I
I I
I
I NAVIGATION
I
I SIGHTING I
I ANGLES I
I I
I
I
I 1
I
I 1 STEERING ERROR!
I
ERROR
! I
I
1
ATTITUDE
RATES
VELOCITY
CHANGES
ATTITUDE
CHANGES
31
ATTITUDE
I
ATTITUDE
7
A(
EL
L I
..
3
MANUAL ROTATION
ROTATION CONTROLS .
COMMANDS (SCS)
I I
I
I
I
-
MANUAL DISABLE
I COMMANDS
1
ROPORTIONAL
,
I PITCH/YAW
ERROR
I
I
I
DECOUPtlNG
ATTITUDE
. + PSEUDO RATE
- STEERING ERRORS 1 DEADBAND - PULSE

MODULATOR
i* A N D LIMITING
I ’
(SCS) - .------------------
1- ATTITUDE REFERENCE, INERTIAL SENSOR

DISPLAY, A N D FEEDMCK LOOPS
ATTITUDE
RATES
1
ATTITUDE I+ $MAG
1ACKUP
UTE
h J
AGCU ARS
-
ATTITUDE
EULER
COMPUTER
4 - REF
ATTITUDE
- SENSORS
AT1 (BMAGS) SCS,
Figu
M i s s ion
SMZA-03-SC012
SYSTEMS DATA
1
RCS AlllTUDE CONTROL I
DIRECT CONTROL LOOP
I AERODYNAMIC
I FORCES
IAL
.
f,
-
MANUAL DISABLE
COWNDS
t i
I
I
SPACECRAFT
PSEUDO RATE
PULSE
REACTION
JET SELECTION LL A ROTATION ! DY NAMJCS
MODULATOR
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-----C LOGIC (SCS)
- JET CONTROL
(C/M R C 9
14
I A
ROTATION

D I S P U Y , A N D R E D M C K LOOPS
L
JC
S
ATTITUM CHANGES
VELOCITY CHANGES
SM-24-943
Figure 2. 1 - 4 . Atmospheric Flight Profile Functional Flow D i a g r a m

Basic Date l 2 Nov 1966 Change Date Page 2 . 1 -9/2.1-10
M i s s ion
" 3
...
SMZA-03-SCO 1 2
SYSTEMS DATA
SECTION 2
SUBSECTION 2 . 2
GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION SYSTEM ( G & N )
2.2.1 INTRODUCTION.
The guidance and navigation ( G & N ) s y s t e m m e a s u r e s s p a c e c r a f t
attitude and velocity, d e t e r m i n e s t r a j e c t o r y , c o n t r o l s s p a c e c r a f t attitude,
c o n t r o l s the t h r u s t v e c t o r of the s e r v i c e propulsion e n g i n e , and p r o v i d e s
a b o r t information and display d a t a . P r i m a r y d e t e r m i n a t i o n of the s p a c e c r a f t
velocity and position, and computation of the t r a j e c t o r y p a r a m e t e r s i s
a c c o m p l i s h e d by the manned s p a c e flight network ( M S F N ) .
T h e G & N s y s t e m c o n s i s t s of t h r e e s u b s y s t e m s a s follows:
0 I n e r t i a l s u b s y s t e m (ISS)
0 C o m p u t e r s u b s y s t e m (CSS)
0 Optics s u b s y s t e m (OSS)
T h e i n e r t i a l s u b s y s t e m is composed of a n i n e r t i a l m e a s u r e m e n t unit
(IMU), p a r t of the power and s e r v o a s s e m b l y ( P S A ) , p a r t of the c o n t r o l s and
d i s p l a y s , and t h r e e i n e r t i a l coupling d i s p l a y u n i t s (CDUs). The IlMU p r o v i d e s
a n i n e r t i a l r e f e r e n c e with a gimbaled, t h r e e -degree -of-freedom, g y r o
stabilized stable p l a t f o r m .
T h e c o m p u t e r s u b s y s t e m is composed of a n Apollo guidance c o m p u t e r
(AGC), and two d i s p l a y and keyboard p a n e l s (DSKY s ) , which a r e p a r t of the
c o n t r o l s and d i s p l a y s . T h e AGC i s a digital c o m p u t e r which p r o c e s s e s and
c o n t r o l s information t o and f r o m t h e IMU and optics, and s t o r e s p r o g r a m s
and r e f e r e n c e d a t a .
T h e optics s u b s y s t e m is composed of a scanning t e l e s c o p e ( S C T ) , a
sextant (SXT), d r i v e m o t o r s f o r positioning the SCT and SXT, p a r t s of t h e
PSA, p a r t of the c o n t r o l s and d i s p l a y s , and two optics CDUs. The SCT and
SXT a r e used t o d e t e r m i n e the s p a c e c r a f t position and attitude with r e l a t i o n
to stars and/or landmarks.
T h e t h r e e G&N s u b s y s t e m s a r e configured s u c h t h a t the CSS and OSS
m a y be operated independently. T h i s allows continued u s e of the CSS a n d / o r
OSS in the event of a malfunction in one of t h e s e s u b s y s t e m s o r the ISS.
S y s t e m power r e q u i r e m e n t s and r e f e r e n c e s i g n a l s a r e provided by t h e power
and s e r v o a s s e m b l y ( P S A ) . Major components of the s y s t e m a r e located in
the command module lower equipment bay ( f i g u r e 2. 2-1). S y s t e m c i r c u i t
b r e a k e r s , caution and w a r n i n g i n d i c a t o r s , and one of the D S K Y s a r e located
on the m a i n d i s p l a y console.
2.2.2 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION.
T h e guidance and navigation s y s t e m p r o v i d e s c a p a b i l i t i e s f o r the
f ol lowing:
0 I n e r t i a l velocity and position ( s t a t e v e c t o r ) computation
0 Optical and i n e r t i a l navigation m e a s u r e m e n t s
GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION SYSTEM

SMZA - 0 3-SCO 12
SYSTEMS DATA
GUIDANCE -4ND NAVIGATION S Y S T E M

2.2-2
Mission B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page
-
SlM2A 0 3 -sco 1 2
SYSTE-MS D-4T.A
0 S p a c e c r a f t attitude m e a s u r e m e n t and c o n t r o l
0 G e n e r a t i o n of guidance c o m m a n d s d u r i n g CSXI-powered flight and

C / L I atmospheric entry.
T h e G & K s y s t e m i s initially a c t i v a t e d and aligned d u r i n g the p r e l a u n c h

p h a s e . D u r i n g the a s c e n t p h a s e , the s y s t e m m e a s u r e s velocity and a t t i t u d e ,
c o m p u t e s position, c o m p a r e s the a c t u a l s p a c e c r a f t t r a j e c t o r y with a p r e -
d e t e r m i n e d t r a j e c t o r y , and d i s p l a y s p e r t i n e n t d a t a . The flight cre\v u s e s
the d i s p l a y e d i n f o r m a t i o n a s a n a i d f o r d e c i s i o n t o a b o r t o r continue the
m i s s i o n . H o w e v e r , s p a c e c r a f t c o n t r o l i s m a i n t a i n e d by the S-IVB guidance
until CSM/S-IVB s e p a r a t i o n . Upon s e p a r a t i o n , the G&N s y s t e m a s s u m e s the
guidance and navigation functions u s i n g the d a t a a c q u i r e d d u r i n g a s c e n t .
D u r i n g p e r i o d s when o n b o a r d velocitv a n d / o r attitude change > e n s i n g

i s not r e q u i r e d , the I l I U i s placed i n s t a n d b y o p e r a t i o n t o c o n s e r v e e l e c t r i c a l
p o w e r . T h e -AGC i s u s e d m o r e extensivelx. t h a n the I U U , h o w e v e r , i t will
a l s o be p l a c e d in standby o p e r a t i o n t o c o n s e r v e e l e c t r i c a l power. I\ hen t h e
guidance and navigation function i s t o be r e s t o r e d , the I l l U and -AGC a r e
r e a c t i v a t e d , with the .AGC u s i n g the l a s t c o m p u t e d velocitv a s the b a s i s f o r
f u r t h e r velocitL c o m p u t a t i o n s , New positional d a t a m u s t be a c q u i r e d i r o m
o p t i c a l sightings or L I S F N t h r o u g h t e l e m e t r y o r voice c o m m u n i c a t i o n s .
Initial position and attitude i n f o r m a t i o n a s well a s p e r i o d i c updating o i

t h i s i n f o r m a t i o n i s m a d e t h r o u g h u s e of the o p t i c s . T h i s i s a c c o m p l i s h e d
by the n a v i g a t o r m a k i n g two o r m o r e l a n d m a r k a n d / o r s t a r s i g h t i n g s . The
s i g h t i n g s a r e m a d e by a c q u i r i n g the s t a r - l a n d m a r k with the SCT a n d l o r S X T .
When the viewed object i s c e n t e r e d , a m a r k c o m m a n d i s initiated. The -AGC
r e a d s the optics a n g l e s , 11,lU a n g l e s , and t i m e , i n conjunction with i n t e r n a l
p r o g r a m s ,to d e t e r m i n e the s p a c e c r a f t position. T h i s position i n f o r m a t i o n
and the s p a c e c r a f t velocity a r e u s e d t o c o m p u t e a n e s t i m a t e d t r a j e c t o r y .
T h e a c t u a l trajector:. i s c o m p a r e d with p r e v i o u s t r a j e c t o r \ . d a t a t o g e n e r a t e
the t r a j e c t o r y e r r o r , i f a n y , f o r f u r t h e r r e f e r e n c e . O p t i c a l m e a s u r e m e n t s
a r e a l s o u s e d i n aligning the IXIU t o a s p e c i f i c r e f e r e n c e o r i e n t a t i o n .
The IMU (figure 2. 2 - 2 ) contains t h r e e inertial rate integrating gyros

( I R I G s ) , t h r e e a n g u l a r d i f f e r e n t i a t i n g a c c e l e r o m e t e r s ( -ADAS), and t h r e e
pulsed i n t e g r a t i n g pendulous a c c e l e r o m e t e r s (PIP-As). The IRIGs, PIP-As,
and o n e -ADA a r e mounted o n t h e s t a b l e p l a t f o r m which is g i m b a l e d to p r o -
vide t h r e e d e g r e e s of f r e e d o m . T h e two r e m a i n i n g -AD.As a r e mounted o n
the m i d d l e gimbal. T h e s t a b l e p l a t f o r m i n e r t i a l r e f e r e n c e i s m a i n t a i n e d 12)-
the IRIGs and - l D - A s i n conjunction with e l e c t r o n i c s t a b i l i z a t i o n loops. -An!-
d i s p l a c e m e n t of the p l a t f o r m is s e n s e d by the IRIGs which produce output
s i g n a l s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e magnitude and d i r e c t i o n of d i s p l a c e m e n t . T h e
AD-As s e n s e the d i s p l a c e m e n t r a t e and p r o d u c e output r a t e c o n t r o l s i g n a l s
t o m a i n t a i n c o r r e c t s t a b i l i z a t i o n loop c o n t r o l r e s p o n s e . The IRIG and -4D.A
s i g n a l s a r e applied t o s e r v o a m p l i f i e r s , which condition the s i g n a l s t o d r i v e
g i m b a l t o r q u e m o t o r s . T h e g i m b a l t o r q u e m o t o r s t h e n r e s t o r e the i n i t i a l
p l a t f o r m o r i e n t a t i o n by d r i v i n g the g i m b a l s until the l R I G s i g n a l s a r e nulled.
GUIDANCE AND N.4VIG-4TIOK S Y S T E l l
Mission B a s i c Date 12 ~ O 1966

V Change Date Page 2. 2 - 3
SMZA-0 3 -SCO1 2
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e P I P A s a r e o r t h o g o n a l l y mounted and s e n s e c h a n g e s i n s p a c e c r a f t
v e l o c i t y . An a c c e l e r a t i o n o r d e c e l e r a t i o n r e s u l t s in output s i g n a l s which
a r e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of the m a g n i t u d e and d i r e c t i o n of t h e velocity change.
T h e output s i g n a l s a r e applied t o the ACC which u s e s the i n f o r m a t i o n t o
update s p a c e c r a f t velocity d a t a . Continual updating of velocity i n f o r m a t i o n ,
with r e s p e c t t o the i n i t i a l s p a c e c r a f t position and t r a j e c t o r y , e n a b l e s the
AGC t o p r o v i d e c u r r e n t v e l o c i t y , p o s i t i o n , and t r a j e c t o r y i n f o r m a t i o n .
T h e IMU a l s o p r o v i d e s a s p a c e s t a b i l i z e d r e f e r e n c e f o r s p a c e c r a f t
a t t i t u d e s e n s i n g a n d c o n t r o l . Attitude change s e n s i n g i s a c c o m p l i s h e d by
m o n i t o r i n g the s p a c e c r a f t attitude with r e f e r e n c e t o the s t a b l e p l a t f o r m .
R e s o l v e r s a r e mounted at the g i m b a l a x e s t o provide s i g n a l s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e
of the g i m b a l a n g l e s . I n e r t i a l CDUs c o n t a i n r e s o l v e r s which r e p e a t the
p l a t f o r m a t t i t u d e . Attitude m o n i t o r i n g i s afforded by c o m p a r i n g the IXlU
r e s o l v e r output s i g n a l s with t h e CDU r e s o l v e r s i g n a l s . If the a n g l e s d i f f e r ,
e r r o r s i g n a l s a r e + g e n e r a t e d and applied t o the s t a b i l i z a t i o n and c o n t r o l s y s -
t e m . If the attitude e r r o r i s l a r g e r t h a n the s e l e c t e d deadband l i m i t s , the
SCS f i r e s the a p p r o p r i a t e RCS e n g i n e s . T h e s p a c e c r a f t is r o t a t e d back t o
t h e i n i t i a l r e f e r e n c e a t t i t u d e and t h e e r r o r s i g n a l s a r e nulled (within
d e a d b a n d limits).
T h e AGC p r o v i d e s a u t o m a t i c e x e c u t i o n of c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m s , a u t o -
m a t i c c o n t r o l of ISS and OSS m o d e s , a n d , i n conjunction with the DSKYs,
m a n u a l c o n t r o l of ISS and OSS m o d e s and c o m p u t e r d i s p l a y s . T h e -4GC
- ._-
c o n t a i n s a t w o - p a r t m e m o r y which c o n s i s t s of a l a r g e n o n - e r a s a b l e s e c t i o n
and a s m a l l e r e r a s a b l e section. Non-erasable m e m o r y contains mission
and s y s t e m p r o g r a m s and o t h e r p r e d e t e r m i n e d d a t a which a r e w i r e d i n
d u r i n g a s s e m b l y . D a t a r e a d o u t f r o m t h i s s e c t i o n i s n o n - d e s t r u c t i v e and
cannot be changed d u r i n g o p e r a t i o n . T h e e r a s a b l e s e c t i o n of m e m o r y p r o -
v i d e s f o r d a t a s t o r a g e , r e t r i e v a l , and o p e r a t i o n s upon m e a s u r e d d a t a and
t e l e m e t e r e d information. Data readout f r o m this section i s destructive,
p e r m i t t i n g c h a n g e s i n s t o r e d d a t a t o be m a d e a s d e s i r e d . I n f o r m a t i o n
within t h e m e m o r y m a y be c a l l e d u p f o r d i s p l a y on the two DSKYs. T h e
DSKYs e n a b l e the flight c r e w t o e n t e r d a t a or i n s t r u c t i o n s into t h e AGC,
r e q u e s t d i s p l a y of d a t a f r o m .4GC m e m o r y , and o f f e r an i n t e r r u p t c o n t r o l
of AGC o p e r a t i o n . The AGC t i m i n g s e c t i o n p r o v i d e s t i m i n g s i g n a l s of
v a r i o u s f r e q u e n c i e s f o r i n t e r n a l u s e and t o o t h e r o n b o a r d s y s t e m s which
r e q u i r e a c c u r a t e or s y n c h r o n i z e d t i m i n g . Data within the AGC i s t r a n s -
m i t t e d t o ,MSFN t h r o u g h a "downlink" t e l e m e t r y function. T e l e m e t e r e d
d a t a i s t r a n s m i t t e d a s a function of a n AGC p r o g r a m or b y r e q u e s t f r o m
LMSFN. D a t a within the ACC m a y be updated through a n "uplink" telemetr:;
f u n c t i o n c o n t r o l l e d by M S F N . The XGC p e r f o r m s guidance functions b y
executing internal p r o g r a m s using predetermined trajectory p a r a m e t e r s ,
a t t i t u d e a n g l e s f r o m t h e i n e r t i a l CDUs, velocity c h a n g e s f r o m the PIPAs,
and c o m m a n d s f r o m t h e DSKYs ( c r e w ) t o g e n e r a t e c o n t r o l c o m m a n d s .
T h e navigation f u n c t i o n i s p e r f o r m e d by u s i n g s t o r e d s t a r - l a n d m a r k d a t a ,
o p t i c s a n g l e s f r o m the o p t i c s CDUs, and velocity c h a n g e s f r o m the PIPAS
i n the e x e c u t i o n of navigation p r o g r a m s .
GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATIaG.

' r . . .
SYSTEM
. ..- .. 2 . 2-4
Mission B a s i c Date l 2 1966 Change DatB ' ' Page
\
NOTES: I. AGC inpuh a d outpub shorn are
pment at variRn times, depcdinp IMU INNER G
upan mode of opemtion, but not POSITION CC
concurrently.
2. There caponenh are phpically
-
mounted om the IMU but illvrtmted
a shown for clarity.
Y-IRIG TO
I SHAFT
COMMAM
(ISS FINE
ALIGN MC
I ONLY)
COUPLING
I
I SHAFT DRIVE
SIGNAL
DlSPuy
UNlT
A !
SHAFT CRIVE SIGNALC
MU MIDDLE G I
OSlTlON COM
I
1 DRNE I UPLINK DATA FROM MSFN
I
-
SCANNING YGTAL
TELESCOPE
VISUAL AND SEXTANT
MOLL0
%E:'
UNDMARKS
4 4 -
GUIDANCE
COMPUTER
A N D HORIZON
I
I
TRUNNION
DRIVE I MANUALiMODE S I G N A U
Z-IRIG T
COMMAM)
on
(ISS FINE
IXUNNION ALIGN MOI
I ONLY)
I
COUPLlNG
DISPUY
UNIT
I TRUNNION DRIVE SIGNALS
MU OUTER GIA
- -
I DRIVE SIGNAL
I
OSlTlON COU
I
I ATTITUDE
I (*) AND (-) X
AVELOCllY
IMPULSE
I
1
CONTROL DOWNU
+ DATA
TO MSFP
I X-IRIG TORC
I THRUST C O W M S
TO REACTION
COMMANDS
(IS FINE
A U G N MOD
CONTROL SYSTEM
I
I
.,, ,. . .... c .-
I
...*-.).,<..*
... . _._,:. .
'
.+ .
INNER GIMB4L
RESOLVER SIGNAL
IMU INNER GIMBAL

'OSITION C O M M A M S . 4
I IMU/CDU
c GIMBAL INNERGIMBAL DIFFERENCE
POSITION COUPLING SIGNAL S/C BODY PITCH C
ANALOG DISPUY
CONVERTER 'OMMANE AND OFFSET PITCt
UNIT ATTITUDE ERROR S I
1
I I
1 A SHAFT ANGLE 1 TO INNER
GIMML
COAEE
YAW~ITCH
I J ~.-
ALIGN.
RESOLVER
Y-IRIG TORQUE AMP
- Y-IWG TORQUE (GIMBAL

A X E S TO (FUNCTI'
CALIBRATION GENERATOR AND MI[
NAV BASE
A U G N MODE AXES)
S H A F l ANGLE SIGNALS ONLY)
-
MIDDLE G I W A L
RESOLVER SIGNAL
-
WAFT CRIVE SIGNAL" AU MIDDLE GIMBAL
' COMMANDS- IMU/CD U
OFFSET YAW
_INK DATA FROM MSFN ATTITUDE E R R m !
4 DlSPUY AND
KEYBOARD
COMMANDS
MOLL0
GUIDANCE
COMPUTER i
I
1 A SHAFT ANGLE
I
I TO MIDDLE
G l M M L COARS
-
(2 LOCATIONS)
A L I G N NAP
-
Z-IRIG TORQUE S/C BODY YAW AT
COMMANDS 3T FIXED ERROR SIGNAL
Z-IRIG TORQUE
RESOLVER
)
'ANIJAL*MODE S I G N A U (IS5 FINE GENERATOR TO OUTER
(NAV (FUNCTION
ALIGN MODE GIMBAL COARS
ONLY) EASE AXES MIDDLE, A h
UNNION ANGLE SIGNALS A U G N AMP
I TO S/C GIMIIALS)
OUTER G l M M L AXES)
RESOLVER SIGNAL S/C W D Y ROLL
ISUNNION DRIVE SIGNALS MU OUTER GIMBAL

-I ATTITUDE ERROR SI
QSlTlON COMMANDS I
DISPLAY SIGNAL
16X-OFFSET ROLL ERROR SIGNAL (ENTRY
($ AND (-) Y
AVELOCITY
I
(*) AND (-)X 1 b SHAFT ANGLE J
AVELOC ITY
1 I DOW NLI N K
+ DATA
TO MSFN TERNARY
SWITCH AND X-IRIG TORQUE
X-IRIG TORQUE CALIBRATION GENERATOU
COMMANDS
(ISS FINE
A U G N MODE ONLY) SPS E N G I N E ON/OFF COMMANDS
I
I
1
SUPPORT GI#
s/c M)DY PITCH ATTITUDE

AND OFFSET PITCH
I, PITCH A
CORREC
B
E
4 SIGNALS
ATTITUDE ERROR SIGNAL
\ I I OUTER
GIMBAL,
I
I 1
I
(FUNCTIONS OF INNER REACTION
AND MICDLE GlMeALS) COMROL
I 1 SYSTEM STABLE MEMBER

IlhlhICD r,....,,
OFFSET YAW
ATTITUDE ERRCX SIGNAL
i I
I
YAW
ECA
fAW ATTITUDE
’
I
CORRECTION
SIGNALS
A
t
-I,
s/C BODYYAW ATTITWE
I
I I
!
II
SIGNU GIMWL RESOLVER
EYOR I
ANGLE SIGNAL TO
(FUNCTIONS OF INNER,
MIDDLE, AND OUTER FLIGHT DIRECTOR
GIMALS) AllITUDE INDICATOR
MIDDLE G I h U A L q
SIGNALS
TCH GIMBAL
OMMANCS
I 1 YAW GIMBAL SERVICE

PROPULSION
I COMMANDS SYSTEM
I
AUXILIARY THRUST ON/OFF
ECA C0MMAN)s
-I
(+) AND (-) 2 VELOCITY C H A I G E SIGNALS
(+) AND (-1 X VELOCITY CHANGE SIGNALS
(+) AND (-) Y VELOCITY CHANGE SIGNALS
*
..
,
A,.:, &. :. ' . - '
-. . ,
,A,'! . ,
SMZA -03-SCO 12
c
SYSTEMS DATA
/ TORQUE MOTOR DRIVE SIGNAL

I
I
Figure 2. 2 - 2 . G & N S y s t e m Functional Block Diagram
Mission B a s i c Date' . l 2 1966 Change Date page 2 . 2 - 5 1 2 . 2 - 6

- -
S M 2A 0 3 S C 0 1 2
SYSTEMS D.4T-4
T h e o p t i c s provide a c c u r a t e s t a r and l a n d m a r k a n g u l a r m e a s u r e -
m e n t s . Sightings a r e a c c o m p l i s h e d by the navigator u s i n g the SXT and
SCT. T h e o p t i c s a r e positioned by d r i v e m o t o r s c o m m a n d e d by the o p t i c s
hand c o n t r o l l e r o r manually u s i n g a u n i v e r s a l t o o l , a s d e s i r e d . The shaft
a x e s a r e p a r a l l e l . T r u n n i o n a x e s m a y be o p e r a t e d i n p a r a l l e l o r o f f s e t ,
a s d e s i r e d . T h e S C T is a unity power i n s t r u m e n t providing a n a p p r o x i -
m a t e 6 0 - d e g r e e field of view. I t i s u s e d t o m a k e l a n d m a r k s i g h t i n g s and
t o a c q u i r e and c e n t e r s t a r s o r l a n d m a r k s p r i o r t o S X T u s e . The SXT
p r o v i d e s 28-power m a g n i f i c a t i o n with a 1. 8 - d e g r e e field of view. The
SXT h a s two l i n e s of s i g h t , e n a b l i n g it to m e a s u r e the included angle
between two o b j e c t s . T h i s r e q u i r e s two l i n e s of sight which e n a b l e the
two viewed o b j e c t s t o be s u p e r i m p o s e d . F o r a s t a r - l a n d m a r k s i g h t i n g ,
the l a n d m a r k line of sight i s c e n t e r e d along the S X T s h a f t a x i s . T h e s t a r
i m a g e i s moved t o w a r d t h e l a n d m a r k by r o t a t i n g the shaft and t r u n n i o n
a x e s until the two viewed o b j e c t s a r e s u p e r i m p o s e d . The s h a f t and
t r u n n i o n a n g l e s a r e r e p e a t e d by t h e optic CDUs. When the n a v i g a t o r i s
s a t i s f i e d with i m a g e p o s i t i o n s , he i s s u e s a m a r k c o m m a n d to the -4GC.
T h e -4GC r e a d s the o p t i c s C D U a n g l e s , I M U CDU a n g l e s , and t i m e , and
c o m p u t e s the position of the s p a c e c r a f t . T h e AGC b a s e s the computation
on s t o r e d s t a r and l a n d m a r k d a t a which m a y a l s o be u s e d by the .AGC to
r e q u e s t s p e c i f i c s t a r s o r l a n d m a r k s f o r navigational s i g h t i n g s . Two o r
m o r e s i g h t i n g s , on two o r m o r e d i f f e r e n t s t a r s , m u s t be t a k e n t o p e r f o r m
a c o m p l e t e position d e t e r m i n a t i o n .
2 . 2 . 2. 1 Operational Modes.
T h e G&N s y s t e m i s o p e r a t e d in s i x b a s i c o p e r a t i o n a l m o d e s .
S e l e c t i o n of any one mode i s a c c o m p l i s h e d manual!y b y the flight c r e w o r
a u t o m a t i c a l l y by the ACC. T h e b a s i c m o d e s a r e a s follows:
0 Xlonitor ( i n i t i a t e d by S C S mode s e l e c t i o n )
0 Z e r o encode
0 C o a r s e align
0 Fine align
0 Attitude c o n t r o l
0 Entry
T h e s y s t e m c o n f i g u r a t i o n n e c e s s a r y t o o p e r a t e in an)- of the m o d e s is
e s t a b l i s h e d by r e l a y switching.
The m o n i t o r mode is u s e d a t launch, a s c e n t , and d u r i n g o r b i t until

C S M / S - I V B s e p a r a t i o n , t o p r o v i d e flight path d a t a f o r c r e w d i s p l a y s . The
c o a r s e a l i g n , fine a l i g n , a n d z e r o encode m o d e s a r e u s e d to
a l i g n the IXlU a f t e r standby p e r i o d s o r t o a c q u i r e a new s t a b l e p l a t f o r m
o r i e n t a t i o n . T h e attitude c o n t r o l mode p r o v i d e s f o r s p a c e c r a f t attitude
c o n t r o l and navigation c o m p u t a t i o n s t o m e a s u r e position and v e l o c i t y . The
e n t r y mode p r o v i d e s c o n t r o l of t h e s p a c e c r a f t lift v e c t o r d u r i n g e n t r y
phase.
C U I D A N C E 4 N D N AV I G =Z TI ON S YS T E 11
Mission B a s i c Date l 2 Nov l966 Change Date Page 2.2-7

SMZA -03-SCO12
--
SYSTEMS DATA
T h e ISS a n d CSS w i l l b e o p e r a t e d i n on-standby c y c l e s t o c o n s e r v e

e l e c t r i c a l p o w e r . During standby o p e r a t i o n , t h e ISS m a i n t a i n s IMU t e m p e r -
a t u r e , and the CSS m a i n t a i n s AGC t i m i n g functions. The OSS i s s h u t off
when not i n u s e . Since s t a n d b y o p e r a t i o n t i m e v a r i e s f o r e a c h of the
s u b s y s t e m s , standby is not c o n s i d e r e d a s b a s i c mode.
2 . 2 . 2 . 1. 1 M o n i t o r Mode,
D u r i n g p r e l a u n c h o p e r a t i o n s , the G & N s y s t e m is a l i g n e d t o the d e s i r e d

l a u n c h r e f e r e n c e a t t i t u d e a n d g y r o c o m p a s s e s t o m: i n t a i n t h i s a t t i t u d e .
A p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 m i n u t e s p r i o r t o l a u n c h , t h e g y r o c o m p a s s i n g i s stopped
a n d t h e s y s t e m b e c o m e s i n e r t i a l l y r e f e r e n c e d . Upon lift-off the ACC b e g i n s
m o n i t o r i n g the flight path a n g l e s by d r i v i n g the I n e r t i a l Coupling Display
Units (ICDUs) through p r o g r a m m e d a t t i t u d e c h a n g e s . The ICDU a n g l e s a r e
c o m p a r e d with the IMU g i m b a l a n g l e s to produce flight path e r r o r s i g n a l s
which a r e d i s p l a y e d by the FDAI e r r o r n e e d l e s . T o t a l s p a c e c r a f t a t t i t u d e ,
with r e s p e c t t o the IMU o r i e n t a t i o n , i s d i s p l a y e d by t h e FDAI b a l l .
( P r e l a u n c h FDAI r e a d i n g s a r e 164. 7 6 - d e g r e e r o l l , 5 8 . 3 0 - d e g r e e pitch, a n d
9. 6 9 - d e g r e e yaw, with r e s p e c t t o the navigation a x i s s y m b o l , Display a t
o r b i t i n s e r t i o n is 0 - d e g r e e r o l l , 310. 5 - d e g r e e pitch, and 0 - d e g r e e y a w ,
a s s u m i n g a 1 8 0 - d e g r e e r o l l h a s b e e n p e r f o r m e d and launch pad 3 7 is u s e d . )
D u r i n g b o o s t p r i o r t o l a u n c h e s c a p e t o w e r ( L E T ) j e t t i s o n , the AGC d i s p l a y s
t h e following:
REGISTER 1 - I n e r t i a l flight path a n g l e ; i n e r t i a l velocity with r e s p e c t

to local horizontal i n d e g r e e s .
REGISTER 2 - I n e r t i a l velocity i n ft p e r s e c .
REGISTER 3 - Altitude above l a u n c h pad in n a u t i c a l m i l e s ( N M s )
Upon r e c e i p t of L E T j e t t i s o n s i g n a l s t h e d i s p l a y s change t o the following:
REGISTER 1 - Predicted G s for free-fall and entry a t 60-degree

bank a n g l e .
REGISTER 2 - Altitude of p e r i g e e above the m e a n e q u a t o r i a l r a d i u s

in NMs.
REGISTER 3 - Time of f r e e - f a l l t o 300, 000 i t above m e a n e q u a t o r i a l

r a d i u s i n m i n u t e s and s e c o n d s .
T h i s d i s p l a y e d d a t a p r o v i d e s the flight c r e w with sufficient i n f o r m a t i o n to

m a k e a b o r t o r continue d e c i s i o n s ; h o w e v e r , i f t i m e is not c r i t i c a l , the
d e c i s i o n i s m a d e by the flight cre\v a n d MSFN jointly.
GUIDANCE A N D NAVIGATION SYSTEM

*
Mission B a s i c Date l 2 Nov l966 Change Date Page 2. 2-8
S.Lf2-A - 0 3 - SC U 1 2
SYSTEMS DXT.4
2 . 2. 2 . 1 . 2 Z e r o E n c o d e ;\lode.
T h e z e r o encode mode e n a b l e s c o r r e c t i o n of the CDC d a t a s t o r e d i n

-4GC. T h i s mode i s u s e d t o e n s u r e t h a t the r e f e r e n c e a n g l e s contained i n
the CDU r e g i s t e r s of t h e XGC c o r r e s p o n d with the a c t u a l CDU a n g l e s . T h i s
is a c c o m p l i s h e d by d r i v i n g t h e CDUs t o z e r o , t h e n c l e a r i n g the -4GC C D U
r e g i s t e r s . T h i s s t a r t s the -4GC CDU r e g i s t e r s a t z e r o and e n a b l e s the
r e g i s t e r s t o m a i n t a i n c o r r e c t CDU a n g l e s by counting p u l s e s f r o m the CDL'
digital encoders.
2. 2. 2. 1. 3 C o a r s e -Align l l o d e .
T h e c o a r s e a l i g n mode e n a b l e s s t a b l e p l a t f o r m a l i g n m e n t to witb.in
a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 d e g r e e s of a d e s i r e d p l a t f o r m o r i e n t a t i o n . F r e r e q u i s i t e
i n f o r m a t i o n t o a c c o m p l i s h c o a r s e a l i g n m e n t c o n s i s t s oi the d e s i r e d plattorni
o r i e n t a t i o n and p r e s e n t s p a c e c r a f t a t t i t u d e .
The d e s i r e d p l a t f o r m o r i e n t a t i o n a n g l e s a r e computed b y a n a1:gn-

m e n t p r o g r a m e x e c u t e d bb- the -4GC. T h e n a v i g a t o r d e t e r m i n e s the s p a c e -
c r a f t attitude immediatelb- p r i o r t o c o a r s e a l i g n m e n t b\- m a k i n g two o r
m o r e sightings on s t a r s o r l a n d m a r k s . Upon c o m p l e t i o n of the s i g h t i n g s .
the =IGC r e a d s the optic a n g l e s and c o m p u t e s the g i m b a l a n g l e s necessar!:
t o a t t a i n the d e s i r e d p l a t f o r m o r i e n t a t i o n . T h e -1GC g e n e r a t e s dri1.e
s i g n a l s t o position the CDU r e s o l v e r s t o the r e q u i r e d g i m b a l a n g l e s . The
IlIL-CDU r e s o l v e r e r r o r s i g n a l s , g e n e r a t e d by r e p o s i t i o n i n g the C D U s ,
a r e applied t o the g i m b a l t o r q u e s e r v o a m p s Ivhich d r i l - e the g i m b a l t o r q u e
m o t o r s t o position t h e p l a t f o r m t o the d e s i r e d o r i e n t a t i o n .
(1
T h e s t a b l e p l a t f o r m o r i e n t a t i o n will normall>- be s u c h t h a t the X - a x i s

l i e s alorlg the s p a c e c r a f t t h r u s t v e c t o r d u r i n g a l l powered p h a s e s , e x c e p t
a s c e n t , and along the s p a c e c r a f t s t a b i l i t y axis d u r i n g e n t r y .
2 , 2 . 2 . 1. 4 F i n e -Align l i o d e
T h e fine a l i g n mode c o m p l e t e s s t a b l e p l a t f o r m o r i e n t a t i o n t o the

r e q u i r e d d e g r e e of a c c u r a c y . The n a v i g a t o r m a k e s two o r m o r e s t a r
s i g h t i n g s , u s i n g o n - b o a r d d a t a and the o p t i c s t o a c q u i r e the d e s i r e d s t a r s .
Upon r e c e i p t of the optic a n g l e s the -4GC c o m p u t e s the I l 1 U a n g l e s n e c e s -
s a r y t o c o m p l e t e the a l i g n m e n t . I n the fine align m o d e , the I l l U a n g l e s a r e
r e p e a t e d by the i n e r t i a l CDUs which a r e m o n i t o r e d by the .AGC t o deterrr.ine
t h e a c t u a l I;\\IU o r i e n t a t i o n . T h e =\GC g e n e r a t e s t o r q u i n g s i g n a l s t o c a n c e l
an)- e r r o r between the a c t u a l I l l K o r i e n t a t i o n and the d e s i r e d o r i e n t a t i o n .
T h e s e t o r q u i n g p u l s e s a r e applied t o the [RIG torquing c o i l s . The I R I G s i n
conjunction with the s t a b i l i z a t i o n l o o p s , r e p o s i t i o n the s t a b l e platforni until
the d e s i r e d o r i e n t a t i o n i s a t t a i n e d . Upon c o m p l e t i o n of fine a l i g n m e n t . the
I M v / C D U r e s o l v e r s i g n a l s a n d the s t a b i l i z a t i o n loop s i g n a l s a r e a t null.
T h e s!-stem c o n i i g u r a t i o n r e q u i r e d f o r fine a l i g n mode a l s o a p p l i e s

I X l U r e s o l v e r s i g n a l s t o the SCS a s a p p a r e n t attitude e r r o r s i g n a l s . T o
p r e v e n t t h e s e s i g n a l s f r o m a p p e a r i n g a s a c t u a l s p a c e c r a f t attitude e r r o r s
the SCS m u s t be o p e r a t e d i n a n SCS mode which r e j e c t s G & K derirred s i g n a l s
GUIDXKCE AKD iULAVIG-ATIOK SYSTELI

2.2-9
M i s s ion B a s i c Date 1 2 Nov 1966 Change Date Page
SMZA-03-SC012
SYSTEMS DATA
2 . 2 . 2. 1. 5 Attitude C o n t r o l Mode.
The a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l mode p r o v i d e s s p a c e c r a f t a t t i t u d e change s e n s i n g ,

g e n e r a t e s e r r o r s i g n a l s f o r s p a c e c r a f t a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l , velocity change
s i g n a l s f o r updating AGC velocity i n f o r m a t i o n , a n d s i g n a l s f o r t i m i n g SPS
engine t h r u s t termination commands.
D u r i n g s p a c e c r a f t a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l , the IMU g i m b a l r e s o l v e r s s e n s e any

d i s p l a c e m e n t of the s p a c e c r a f t with r e s p e c t t o the s t a b l e p l a t f o r m o r i e n t a t i o n
a n d p r o d u c e c o r r e s p o n d i n g e r r o r s i g n a l s . The e r r o r s i g n a l s a r e a p p l i e d
d i r e c t l y t o the SCS-FDA1 b a l l f o r e r r o r d i s p l a y a n d t o the i n e r t i a l CDU
r e s o l v e r s . The IMU-CDU e r r o r . s i g n a l s a r e d i s p l a y e d on the IMU c o n t r o l
p a n e l , r e s o l v e d into s p a c e c r a f t a x e s , a n d a p p l i e d to the SCS. If the e r r o r
s i g n a l s i n d i c a t e a n a t t i t u d e e r r o r l a r g e r t h a n the s e l e c t e d d e a d b a n d ,
a p p r o p r i a t e RCS e n g i n e s a r e f i r e d a n d the d e s i r e d s p a c e c r a f t a t t i t u d e i s
restored.
F o r d e l t a V m a n e u v e r s , the G & N s y s t e m p r o v i d e s a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l ,
velocity change s e n s i n g , and t o t a l velocity change c o n t r o l by g e n e r a t i n g
t h r u s t t e r m i n a t i o n c o m m a n d s . P r i o r t o t h r u s t i n g , t h e IiMU i s aligned s o t h a t
t h e s t a b l e p l a t f o r m X - a x i s i s p a r a l l e l t o the t h r u s t v e c t o r . The XGC d e t e r -
m i n e s t i m e - t o - i g n i t i o n a n d t o t a l velocity change d e s i r e d , and p e r f o r m s mode
v e r i f i c a t i o n r o u t i n e s . At ignition t i m e t h e AGC f l a s h e s the DSKY d i s p l a y s t o
t h e c r e w f o r i n i t i a t i o n of ignition ( m a n u a l DSKY e n t r y is r e q u i r e d ) . During
t h r u s t i n g , t h e CDU a p p l i e s attitude e r r o r s i g n a l s t o the SCS. Roll e r r o r
s i g n a l s a r e a p p l i e d t o t h e RCS e n g i n e s ; h o w e v e r , pitch and ya\v e r r o r s i g n a l s
a r e a p p l i e d t o the S P S engine g i m b a l s r a t h e r t h a n RCS e n g i n e s . T h i s
e n s u r e s a l i g n m e n t of t h e t h r u s t v e c t o r t h r o u g h the s p a c e c r a f t c e n t e r - o f -
g r a v i t y a n d a b n g the c o r r e c t t r a j e c t o r y . The P I P A s on the s t a b l e p l a t f o r m
s e n s e t h e velocity c h a n g e s a n d apply p r o p o r t i o n a l output s i g n a l s t o the -4GC.
The I G C c o m p u t e s and u p d a t e s s p a c e c r a f t velocity, a n d counts down a p r e s e t
c o u n t e r xvith the P I P A s i g n a l s . IVhen the c o u n t e r r e a c h e s z e r o , a t h r u s t
t e r m i n a t i o n s i g n a l i s g e n e r a t e d and a p p l i e d through the S C S e l e c t r o n i c s to
t h e SPS e n g i n e .
2 . 2 . 2 . 1. o Entry.
The e n t r y mode p r o v i d e s f o r g e n e r a t i o n of a t t i t u d e e r r o r and s t e e r i n g

s i g n a l s , s e n s i n g of d e c e l e r a t i o n , a n d c o m p u t a t i o n of velocity c h a n g e s d u r i n g
t h e e n t r > - p h a s e of t h e m i s s i o n . The s t e e r i n g s i g n a l s pro\-ide f o r c o n t r o l of
t h e s p a c e c r a f t lift \ - e c t o r t h r o u g h the SCS, t o inhibit excessilre G-loadings
a n d h e a t buildup, a n d t o c o n t r o l the flight path t o enable landing a t a p r e -
s e l e c t e d s i t e . -4ttitude e r r o r s i g n a l s a r e a p p l i e d to the FD-AI attitude e r r o r
needles.
E n t r y c o n f i g u r a t i o n i s s i m i l a r to a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l lvith the e x c e p t i o n s
t h a t the r o l l r e s p o n s e t i m e i s r e d u c e d , one s t e p of a x i s r e s o l u t i o n i s not
n e e d e d , and the XGC will p r o d u c e s t e e r i n g s i g n a l s to the S C S by d r i v i n g the
r o l l CDU. F r o m i n i t i a t i o n of e n t r y mode until 0. 05G switching, r o l l , pitch,
GUIDANCE A K D NAVIGATION SYSTEM
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SiM2A - 0 3 -SCO 12
SYSTEMS DAT-I
a n d yaw e r r o r s i g n a l s provide a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l . Upon 0 . OJG s w i t c h i n g , the

pitch and yan- e r r o r s i g n a l s provide d i s p l a y only. P r i o r t o e n t r y , t h e IMU
X - a x i s i s a l i g n e d along t h e s p a c e c r a f t e n t r y velocity v e c t o r . T h i s a l i g n m e n t
e l i m i n a t e s the need f o r navigation b a s e - t o - s p a c e c r a f t body a x i s r e s o l u t i o n .
D e c e l e r a t i o n i s s e n s e d p r i m a r i l y by t h e IMU X - a x i s PIP-A, although c h a n g e s
i n lift v e c t o r o r i e n t a t i o n c a u s e s o m e l a t e r a l m o v e m e n t which i s s e n s e d by
the Y a n d / o r 2 P I P X s . The o u t e r g i m b a l , o r r o l l , 1X r e s o l v e r i s connected
t o the 16X r e s o l v e r i n the R O L L CDU, gil-ing a 1 6 : l i n c r e a s e in attitude
e r r o r s i g n a l and r e d u c i n g the r e s p o n s e t i m e of the r o l l channel. The -IGC
\vi11 produce s t e e r i n g s i g n a l s by executing a p r o g r a m m e d lift v e c t o r down
e n t r y ( t o e n s u r e c a p t u r e ) , 1 8 0 - d e g r e e r o l l t o lift \vector u p , t h e n g e n e r a t e
f u r t h e r s t e e r i n g s i g n a l s \vith r e s p e c t t o G f o r c e s , h e a t buildup, a n d r a n g e
n e e d e d . T h e s e s t e e r i n g s i g n a l s a r e r o u t e d t o the r o l l CDU lvhere a n IMU-
CDU r e s o l \ - e r e r r o r i s g e n e r a t e d a n d r o u t e d t o t h e SCS f o r FD-41 disp1a)-
a n d / o r RCS engine c o n t r o l . The e n t r y m a y be p e r f o r m e d manually \vith the
pilot fl\-ing t o the s t e e r i n g s i g n a l s a s d i s p l a y e d on the FD-AI, o r a u t o m a t i c a l l y
\\-ith the -AGC s t e e r i n g s i g n a l s r o u t e d t o the r o l l RCS e n g i n e s f o r s p a c e c r a f t
c o n t r 01.
2.2.3 iM-AJOR COMPOiVEST/ SUBSYSTEhI DESCRIPTION
2.2.3. 1 Inertial Subsystem.
The function of t h e i n e r t i a l s u b s y s t e m i s t o p r o v i d e a s p a c e - s t a b i l i z e d
i n e r t i a l r e f e r e n c e f r o m which \.-elocity c h a n g e s and a t t i t u d e c h a n g e s c a n be
s e n s e d . It i s composed of t h e i n e r t i a l m e a s u r e m e n t u n i t ( I M U ) , the n a v i g a -
t i o n b a s e ( S B ) , p a r t s of the pon.er and s e r v o a s s e m b l y (PS-A), p a r t s of the
c o n t r o l and display p a n e l s , and t h r e e coupling d i s p l a y u n i t s ( C D U s ) .
2 . 2 . 3. 1 . 1 Sa\-igation Base.
The navigation b a s e ( N B ) i s the r i g i d , s u p p o r t i n g s t r u c t u r e n h i c h

m o u n t s the IMU and o p t i c a l i n s t r u m e n t s . The S B i s m a n u f a c t u r e d and
i n s t a l l e d t o c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s to provide a c c u r a t e a l i g n m e n t of the e q u i p m e n t
mounted on i t . It a l s o p r o v i d e s s h o c k mounting f o r the IMU and o p t i c s .
2 . 2. 3. 1. 2 I n e r t i a l M e a s u r e m e n t Unit.
The i n e r t i a l m e a s u r e m e n t unit (IMU) i s the m a i n unit of t h e i n e r t i a l

s u b s y s t e m . It i s a t h r e e - d e g r e e - o f - f r e e d o m s t a b i l i z e d p l a t f o r m a s s e m b l ) . ,
containing t h r e e i n e r t i a l r e f e r e n c e i n t e g r a t i n g g)-ros ( I R I G s ) , t h r e e pulsed
i n t e g r a t i n g pendulous a c c e l e r o m e t e r s ( P I P - I s ) , a n d t h r e e a n g u l a r d i f f e r e n t i -
ating a c c e l e r o m e t e r s (-IDAS). The s t a b l e m e m b e r i t s e l f i s machined f r o m
a s o l i d block of b e r y l l i u m xvith h o l e s b o r e d f o r mounting the P I P X s , IRIGs,
a n d one of the t h r e e .ADXs. T h r e e g i m b a l a n d s i x i n t e r g i m b a l a s s e m b l i e s ,
\vhich h o u s e t o r q u e m o t o r s and r e s o l v e r s , a r e a l s o p a r t of the I M U a s s e m b l y ,
t o g e t h e r \I-ith p r e a m p l i f i e r s and g i m b a l - m o u n t e d e l e c t r o n i c s . F i g u r e 2. 1-2
sho\vs h o w - the IRIGs a n d the P I P A s a r e mounted r e l a t i v e t o e a c h o t h e r on
t h e s t a b l e m e m b e r ( o r i n n e r g i m b a l ) . The t h r e e g i m b a l a x e s . about lvhich
- e a c h of the g i m b a l s r o t a t e , a r e a l s o shoxvn.
GL'ID-ASCE .IND SXVIGXTION SYSTEM
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S M Z A - 0 3 - S C O 12
SYSTEMS DATA
The s t a b l e p l a t f o r m a t t i t u d e i s m a i n t a i n e d by the IRIGs, ADAs, s t a b i -

l i z a t i o n l o o p e l e c t r o n i c s , and g i m b a l t o r q u e m o t o r s . Any d i s p l a c e m e n t of
t h e s t a b l e p l a t f o r m o r g i m b a l a n g l e s i s s e n s e d by the IRICs and ADAs, which
g e n e r a t e e r r o r s i g n a l s . IRIG e r r o r s i g n a l s a r e r e s o l v e d a n d a m p l i f i e d a t
t h e IMU a n d a p p l i e d t o s t a b i l i z a t i o n loop e l e c t r o n i c s . ADA-produced e r r o r
s i g n a l s a r e s u m m e d with the IRIG e r r o r s i g n a l s . The r e s u l t a n t s i g n a l i s
conditioned a n d a p p l i e d t o t h e g i m b a l t o r q u e m o t o r s , which r e s t o r e the
de s i r e d attitude.
The s t a b l e p l a t f o r m p r o v i d e s a s p a c e - r e f e r e n c e d mount f o r t h r e e
PIPAS, which s e n s e velocity c h a n g e s . The P I P A s a r e mounted orthogonally
t o s e n s e t h e velocity c h a n g e s along a l l t h r e e a x e s . Any t r a n s l a t i o n a l f o r c e
e x p e r i e n c e d by t h e s p a c e c r a f t c a u s e s a n a c c e l e r a t i o n o r d e c e l e r a t i o n n7hich
i s s e n s e d by one o r m o r e P I P A s . E a c h P I P A g e n e r a t e s a n output s i g n a l
p r o p o r t i o n a l t o t h e magnitude a n d d i r e c t i o n of velocity c h a n g e . T h i s s i g n a l ,
in the f o r m of a p u l s e t r a i n , i s a p p l i e d t o the AGC. The AGC will u s e the
s i g n a l t o update the \relocity i n f o r m a t i o n a n d a l s o g e n e r a t e s i g n a l s t o t o r q u e
e a c h P I P A d u c o s y n b a c k t o null.
The t e m p e r a t u r e of t h e IRIGs a n d P I P A s i s m a i n t a i n e d within r e q u i r e d

l i m i t s d u r i n g both standb)- a n d o p e r a t i n g m o d e s of the IMU. The IMU t e m -
p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l s y s t e m c o n t a i n s c i r c u i t s t o supply n o r m a l p r o p o r t i o n a l
t e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l n5th the c a p a b i l i t y of b a c k u p o r e m e r g e n c y c o n t r o l i n
c a s e of a p r o p o r t i o n a l c o n t r o l m a l f u n c t i o n . The p r o p o r t i o n a l t e m p e r a t u r e
c o n t r o l c i r c u i t is the p r i i n a r ) - m e a n s of m a i n t a i n i n g t h e IRIG a n d PIP=\
t e m p e r a t u r e and p r o v i d e s the m o s t a c c u r a t e c o n t r o l . T h i s type of c o n t r o l i s
aL-ailable when e i t h e r the p r o p o r t i o n a l o r a u t o - o v e r r i d e mode is s e l e c t e d
with the I M U T E M P MODE s e l e c t o r s w i t c h . The p u r p o s e of t h e a u t o -
oiFerride mode is t o pro\-ide a u t o m a t i c switching f r o m t h a t mode to
e m e r g e n q - c o n t r o l if t h e r e i s a m a l f u n c t i o n i n the p r o p o r t i o n a l c o n t r o l
c i r c u i t . If a m a l f u n c t i o n o c c u r s i n the p r o p o r t i o n a l m o d e , t h e switching t o
e m e r g e n c y c o n t r o l m u s t be p e r f o r m e d m a n u a l l y . In the' p r o p o r t i o n a l m o d e ,
t h e t e m p e r a t u r e is c o n t r o l l e d by t h e p r o p o r t i o n a l t e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l
b r i d g e a n d i s ' m a i n t a i n e d a t 135kO. 5 ° F . IVhile i n the e m e r g e n c l - m o d e , i t i s
c o n t r o l l e d bb- the m e r c u r y t h e r m o s t a t and i s held \\.ithin *3"F.
The b a c k u p t e m p e r a t u r e c o n t r o l a n d i n d i c a t o r c i r c u i t is intended f o r
u s e i n t h e e \ - e n t t h e p r o p o r t i o n a l c o n t r o l fails. The c o n t r o l s e n s i n g e l e m e n t s
f o r t h i s s y s t e m a r e t h r e e PIPA indicating s e n s o r s (connected i n s e r i e s ) and
s i x IRIG s e n s i n g e l e m e n t s ( c o n n e c t e d i n s e r i e s ) in t\vo s e p a r a t e b r i d g e s .
T h i s s y s t e m c a n m a i n t a i n the t e m p e r a t u r e to n.ithin *1 " F . In t h i s mode of
o p e r a t i o n , a n a l a r m i n d i c a t i o n i s not a\railable to the a s t r o n a u t b e c a u s e of
m o d i f i c a t i o n s to the t e m p e r a t u r e a l a r m a m p l i f i e r c i r c u i t .
2 . 2 . 3. 1 . 3 Coupling a n d Display Units.
T h e r e a r e ii\-e CDL's mounted belo\v the IiMU c o n t r o l panel a t the l o w e r

e q u i p m e n t bal-. T h r e e CDUs f u n c t i o n a s p a r t of the ISS, Xvhile t h e two
r e m a i n i n g C D U s function u.ith t h e OSS. The optic CDUs (OCDUs) a r e
d e s c r i b e d i n p a r a g r a p h 2 . 2 . 3 . 2 . The t h r e e i n e r t i a l CDUs (ICDUs) a r e
i d e n t i c a l a n d ma)- be i n t e r c h a n g e d . DisplaJ- d i a l s on the f r o n t panel of e a c h
pro\-ide a b-digit r e a d o u t . P o s i t i o n i n g of the ICDUs i s a c c o m p l i s h e d by the
-4GC. E a c h ICDU c o n t a i n s a l / - l - s p e e d , 1 / 2 - s p e e d , 1 - s p e e d , a n d l o - s p e e d
r e s o l \ - e r , the functions o i which depend upon t h e ISS mode of o p e r a t i o n . The
a n g u l a r m o v e m e n t s of the r e s o l v e r s a r e c o n v e r t e d i n t o d i g i t a l s i g n a l s bl- a
d i g i t a l e n c o d e r , p r o c e s s e d by e n c o d e r e l e c t r o n i c s , and r o u t e d t o -1GC
r e g i s t e r s \vhich m a i n t a i n c u r r e n t ICDU a n g l e s f o r u s e a s d e s i r e d . The XGC
~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~~
~
GUIDXKCE AND N--IVIGATIOS SYSTEM

page 2.2-12
Mission B a s i c Date l2 1966 Change Date
SMZA-03-SCO 1 2
SYSTEMS DATA
c o m m a n d s CDU m o v e m e n t s by applying d i g i t a l d r i v e c o m m a n d s t o d i g i t a l -
t o - a n a l o g c o n v e r t e r s . The d r i v e s i g n a l s a r e c o n v e r t e d f r o m d i g i t a l t o a n a l o -g
a n d applTed t o CDU m o t o r d r i v e a m p l i f i e r s which position the C b U s . The
1 - s p e e d and 1 6 - s p e e d r e s o l v e r s function a s r e c e i \ - e r s of s i g n a l s p r o d u c e d b\-
1 - s p e e d and 1 6 - s p e e d r e s o l v e r s mounted on the IMU. The 1 / 2 - s p e e d
r e s o l v e r s a r e u s e d t o z e r o the CDUs a n d t h e 1 1 4 - s p e e d r e s o l v e r s a r e not
u s e d . The r e s o l v e r s provide input s i g n a l s t o s e l e c t o r c i r c u i t s \vhich provide
m o t o r d r i v e s i g n a l s o r s p a c e c r a f t a t t i t u d e e r r o r s i g n a l s , depending upon ISS
m o d e of o p e r a t i o n . The IMU o u t e r g i m b a l 1 - s p e e d r e s o l v e r s i g n a l s a r e
a p p l i e d t o the r o l l CDU 1 6 - s p e e d r e s o l v e r t o i n c r e a s e r o l l c o n t r o l r a t e s
during entry.
2.2. 3 . 1.4 Po\ver and S e r v o A s s e m b l y - .
The po\ver a n d s e r v o a s s e m b l y ( P S A ) , l o c a t e d j u s t belo\v the d i s p l a y

a n d c o n t r o l panel i n the lolver e q u i p m e n t bay, s e r v e s a s a c e n t r a l mounting
point f o r m o s t of the G&N e l e c t r o n i c u n i t s s u c h a s power s u p p l i e s and
a m p l i f i e r s . It a l s o c o n t a i n s the b a c k u p e l e c t r o n i c s u s e d t o supply t i m i n g
p u l s e s t o the IMU i n c a s e of a n AGC t i m i n g m a l f u n c t i o n . It c o n s i s t s of 10
r e m o v a b l e t r a y s mounted a d j a c e n t t o e a c h o t h e r a n d c o n n e c t e d to a junction
box. T h e PSX t r a y s u t i l i z e t h r e e w i r i n g h a r n e s s e s t o provide e l e c t r i c a l
connection: one f o r m o d u l e - t o - m o d u l e connection, a n o t h e r f o r module - t o -
j u n c t i o n box c o n n e c t i o n , and a t h i r d f o r module connection t o a 38-pin
f e m a l e t e s t plug on the f r o n t of the PSA t r a y .
2 . 2 . 3.2 Optical Subsystem.
The o p t i c a l s u b s y s t e m is u s e d f o r taking p r e c i s e o p t i c a l s i g h t i n g s on
c e l e s t i a l b o d i e s a n d f o r taking f i x e s on l a n d m a r k s . T h e s e sightings a r e u s e d
f o r aligning t h e IMU a n d f o r d e t e r m i n i n g th’e position of the s p a c e c r a f t . The
s y s t e m i n c l u d e s the navigational b a s e , two of the five CDUs, p a r t s of the
power and s e r v o a s s e m b l y , c o n t r o l s and d i s p l a y s , a n d the o p t i c s , Ivhich
include the scanning t e l e s c o p e ( S C T ) a n d the s e x t a n t ( S X T ) .
2 . 2 . 3. 2 . 1 Optics.
The o p t i c s c o n s i s t of t h e SCT a n d the SXT mounted i n txvo p r o t r u d i n g

t u b u l a r s e c t i o n s of the o p t i c a l b a s e a s s e m b l y . The SCT a n d SXT s h a f t a x e s
a r e a l i g n e d p a r a l l e l to e a c h o t h e r a n d a f f o r d a c o m m o n l i n e - o f - s i g h t ( L O S )
t o s e l e c t e d t a r g e t s . The t r u n n i o n a x e s m a y b e p a r a l l e l o r the SCT a x i s may
b e o f f s e t depending upon m o d e of o p e r a t i o n .
The s e x t a n t is a highly a c c u r a t e o p t i c a l i n s t r u m e n t capable of m e a s u r -

ing t h e included a n g l e b e t w e e n two t a r g e t s . Angular s i g h t i n g s of tn.0 t a r g e t s
a r e m a d e t h r o u g h a fixed b e a m s p l i t t e r a n d a m o v a b l e m i r r o r l o c a t e d in the
s e x t a n t h e a d . The s e x t a n t l e n s p r o v i d e s 1. 8 - d e g r e e t r u e field of vie\r \rith
28X magnification. The movable m i r r o r i s capable of sighting a t a r g e t to
5 7 d e g r e e s LOS f r o m the s h a f t axis. The m e c h a n i c a l a c c u r a c l - of the
t r u n n i o n a x i s i s twice t h a t of the LOS r e q u i r e m e n t due t o m i r r o r r e f l e c t i o n
\vhich d o u b l e s any a n g u l a r d i s p l a c e m e n t i n t r u n n i o n a x i s .
The scanning t e l e s c o p e is s i m i l a r t o a theodolite i n i t s ability t o

a c c u r a t e l y m e a s u r e e l e v a t i o n a n d a z i m u t h a n g l e s of a s i n g l e t a r g e t using a n
e s t a b l i s h e d r e f e r e n c e . The l e n s e s provide 6 0 - d e g r e e t r u e field of \-le\\- a t
1X m a g n i f i c a t i o n . The t e l e s c o p e allon.able LOS e r r o r s a r e 1 m i n u t e of a r c
r m s i n e l e v a t i o n with m a x i m u m r e p e a t a b i l i t y of 1 3 a r c i s e c o n d s and
a p p r o x i m a t e l y 40 a r c l s e c o n d s i n s h a f t a x i s .

2. 2-13
Mission B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page
SMZA - 0 3-SCO 12
SYSTEMS DATA
2 . 2 . 3. 2 . 2 Coupling Display Units.
The function of t h e OCDUs is t o position and r e p e a t a n g l e s of t h e S C T and

S X T s h a f t a n d t r u n n i o n a x e s . T h e OCDUs a r e s i m i l a r t o the ICDUs, but m a y
not be i n t e r c h a n g e d due t o i n t e r n a l m e c h a n i c a l d i f f e r e n c e s allowing h i g h e r
OCDU r a t e s . E a c h OCDU h a s a 6-digit d i s p l a y r e a d o u t and c a n be positioned
a u t o m a t i c a l l y by AGC c o m m a n d . CDU a n g l e s a r e c o n v e r t e d t o a d i g i t a l
s i g n a l by a d i g i t a l e n c o d e r , p r o c e s s e d by e n c o d e r e l e c t r o n i c s , a n d r o u t e d to
a n AGC r e g i s t e r . AGC positioning c o m m a n d s a r e a p p l i e d t o a d i g i t a l - t o -
a n a l o g c o n v e r t e r , c o n v e r t e d t o a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e analog s i g n a l , and a p p l i e d
t o a m o t o r d r i v e a m p l i f i e r i n t h e SXT. R e s o l v e r s i n the SXT function a s
t r a n s m i t t e r s t o CDU r e s o l v e r s which r e c e i v e the position s i g n a l s a n d apply
t h e c o m m a n d e d a n g l e s t o the CDU m o t o r d r i v e a m p l i f i e r s t o po'sition the
CDU m o t o r .
T r u n n i o n CDU 1 /-l-speed and 1 6 - s p e e d r e s o l v e r s function a s receixrers

a n d provide d r i v e s i g n a l s to the t r u n n i o n CDU m o t o r . The SXT t r u n n i o n
r e s o l v e r s which d r i v e t h e CDU r e s o l v e r s a r e 1 - s p e e d and 6 4 - s p e e d r e s p e c -
t i v e l y , probiding a 1:4 SXT t r u n n i o n t o CDU t r u n n l o n r a t i o . V i s u a l r e a d o u t s
on t h e t r u n n i o n d i s p l a y d i a l s a r e t h u s f o u r

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Prepared Under Direction of

COMMAND AND SERVICE MODULE

PREPARED BY NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC.

PUBLISHED U N D E R A U T H O R I T Y OF THE N A T I O N A L A E R O N A U T I C S A N D SPACE A D M I N I S T R A T I O N

TOTAL N U L I B E R O F PAGES I N THIS PUBLICATION IS 816,

Title 2.8- 1 t h r u 2.8-70

R e c o r d of P u b l i c a t i o n : The publication d a t e of e a c h b a s i c i s s u e and e a c h c h a n g e

P a g e Change D a t e : E a c h page in t h i s handbook h a s s p a c e f o r e n t e r i n g a change

Mission B a s i c Date l 2 1966 Change Date Page B/C

LATE TECHNICAL CHANGES

The i t e m s l i s t e d below r e p r e s e n t t e c h n i c a l c h a n g e s which have been a p p r o v e d too

Source D e s c r i p t i o n of Change Section Affected

MCR Change S / M RCS fuel f r o m blended h y d r a z i n e 2. 5

MCR Addition of i n v e r t e r s y n c h r o n i z e r power panel 2,3

MCR Modification of C r e w Couch Lockouts. T h i s

Mission B a s i c Date 12 N o v 1966 Change Date Page D

SYNOPSIS O F SIGNIFICANT CHANCES

T h i s tabulation d o e s not l i s t all c h a n g e s , a d d i t i o n s , , a n d / o r d e l e t i o n s i n t h e handhook.

Hand book Handbook

Updated lockout m e c h a n i s m s on s h o c k s t r u t s . GEN

F u e l cell H2 a n d 0 2 r e a c t a n t shutoff v a l v e s holding EPS

Added t a b u l a r d a t a f o r c o l o r m a r k i n g s contained on SPS, E P S

Added t y p i c a l c h a r t s f r o m MMDB t o d e t e r m i n e S / C RCS, S P S

Updated S P S Delta V a n d E n g i n e G i m b a l Angle c h a r t s . s PS

Mission B a s i c Date l2 1966 Change Date Page

This handbook and its contents a r e r e s t r i c t e d to the r e q u i r e -

Section Title Page

1 GENERAL INFORMATION. 1-1

1.1 S p a c e c r a f t 012 Configuration . 1-1

2.1 Guidance and C o n t r o l . 2.1-1

Section Title Page

2.2.5.3 Optics Operation 2.2-41

Mis s ion Basic Date l2 1966 C h a n g e Date Page iv

Section Title Page

2.4.3. 1 Design Data 2.4-30

Mission B a s i c Date l2 1966 Change Date Page

Section Title Page

Mission B a s i c Date l2 1966 C h a n g e Date Page vi

Section Title Page

2.8.3. 3 R F Electronics Equipment Group . 2.8-42

3 CONTROLS AND DISPLAYS . 3-1

3.1 C o n t r o l s / D i s p l a y s L o c a t o r Index . 3-3

Mission B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page vii

Section Title Page

5 E X P E R I M E N T S AND SCIENTIFIC EQUIPMENT DATA 5-1 -

Mission B a s i c Date 1 2 Nov 1966 Change Date Page viii

Section Title Page

5.2.3. 1 Equipment Description . 5-11

Mission B a s i c Date l 2 1966 Change Date Page ix

Section Title Page

M i s s ion B a s i c Date ' l2 1966 C h a n g e Date Page X

Section Title Pagc

6. 10 C r e w m a n I n - F l i g h t Tool S e t and Workshelf ( G F B ) . 6-30

Mission B a s i c Date 12 Nov 1966 Change Date Page xi

Section Title Page

This s e c t i o n contains i n f o r m a t i o n r e l a t i n g to the Xpollo s p a c e c r a f t 012

1.1 SPACE C RA F T 0 12 CONFIGURA TION.

S p a c e c r a f t 012 ( f i g u r e 1 - 1 ) c o n f o r m s to a Block I CSM configuration

NOTE T h e Block I configuration m i s s i o n s f o r the Apollo

0 Development of qualified t e a m s f o r checkout, launch,

1.1.1 LES ASSEMBLY.

T h e LES a s s e m b l y ( f i g u r e 1-1) p r o v i d e s t h e m e a n s f o r s e p a r a t i n g the