INTRODUCTION TO

LAND USE PLANNING

TPS 151 | LAND USE DESIGN & PRINCIPLES

By, Noor Syarafina Binti Sallehudin

OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lecture, students should be able to
understand :
i. Definition of Land Use
ii. Purpose of Land Use Planning
iii. The importance of Land Use Planning
iv. Determinant factor in Land Use
Planning
TERMS &
DEFINITION
 TERMS & DEFINITION
DEFINITION OF LAND
Based on Town & Country Planning Act (Act 172)
• The surface, and all substances forming the
surface, of the earth
• All substances below the surface of the earth;
• All vegetation and other natural products on or
below the surface of the earth;
• All things, whether on or below the surface of the
earth, that are attached to the earth or
permanently fastened to any thing attached to the
earth;
• Land covered by water; and
• Any estate or interest in, or right over, land;
 TERMS & DEFINITION

The land use plan brings together Each type of use has its own
consideration for both the physical characteristic that can determine
development as well as the social compatibility, location and preference
characteristics of the town. to other land uses in the town.

What is LAND USE?

Different types of activities relating to
how land is used.
 What is LAND USE?
A type of activity that occurs on a parcel of land
 “The best way to predict
the future is to invent it.”
- Immanuel Kant

Why Plan?

“By failing to prepare, you

are preparing to fail.” -
Benjamin Franklin
 TERMS & DEFINITION
DEFINITION OF LAND USE PLANNING
• An activities taking place over a land – housing, commercial,
agricultural, education, institution, etc
• Chapin (1965) stated that Space and location must be develop for the
most essential / important need among what have been planned.
• The scientific, aesthetic, and orderly disposition of land, resources,
facilities and services with a view to securing the physical, economic
and social efficiency, health and wellbeing of urban and rural
communities.
 functional spaces

4 PERSPECTIVES 01 devoted to various

uses

FOR CREATING A
setting for
LAND USE
DEVELOPMENT
02 activity
systems

(LAND USE 03 commodity to be

developed

PLANNING)
perceptual

04 images or
esthetic
resource

TERMA RUJUKAN| PUSAT PERTUMBUHAN DESA (PPD)

Purpose of
LAND USE
PLANNING
 PURPOSE OF LAND USE PLANNING
• To present first general but comprehensive estimate of land use requirements relative to
location and amount of land to be reserved for each public and private land use.
• Plan viewed as an intermediate step towards the comprehensive plan – sometimes regarded as
the first element of the comprehensive plan.

Land use Plan (1st Element) - Zoning Plan - Master Plan - Comprehensive Plan
 Land use Plan (1st Element) - Zoning Plan - Master Plan - Comprehensive Plan

WHAT IS LAND USE PLAN?

• A map showing how the land & structure on the land are used for urban purposes at a
particular time, past or present.
• Recognized as a proposal for future use of land and structures built upon the land.
• Used to refer to that portion of the master plan (proposal for residential, industrial,
commercial, public uses/community facilities.
• Consist of a text and a map which includes policies and spec of land use.
• May vary depending on type of community and government level
Land use Plan (1st Element) - Zoning Plan - Master Plan - Comprehensive Plan

WHAT IS ZONING PLAN?

• A scheme of districting an urban area for purpose of regulating use,

density of population, coverage of lots, bulk of structures.
Land use Plan (1st Element) - Zoning Plan - Master Plan - Comprehensive Plan

WHAT IS MASTER PLAN?

• Include a land use plan showing the proposed general distribution and
the general location, types of development, categories of public and
private uses of land, recommended standards of population density
and building.
 Land use Plan (1st Element) - Zoning Plan - Master Plan - Comprehensive Plan

WHAT IS COMPREHENSIVE PLAN?

• Is a devising of a plan to cover developments which use land, in order to
maximize the overall benefit, and then ensuring adherence to the scheme.
• mainly those of survey, simple analysis and not emphasized.
• Function in comprehensive planning - to create a master plan which can guide
the specialist planner. - to evaluate the proposals of specialist planner based on
master plan - to co-ordinate the planning of specialist agencies so as to ensure
that their proposals reinforce each other for public interest.
IMPORTANCE 01 Security and land
resources

Public interest
OF
02 over individual
interest 03 Profit making or
welfare / public
COMPREHENSIVE purposes

PLAN Local interest vs

04 area wide
interest

05 Conflict of uses,
environmental vs
economically

TERMA RUJUKAN| PUSAT PERTUMBUHAN DESA (PPD)

LAND USE
PLANNING
FACTOR
Land Use Planning factor
• Expression or plan of future pattern of land use.
• Identifies area to locate various types and activities over certain land.
• Identifies the principles and standards that should be applied in the development.
• Consists of a text and map which includes policies and specifications of land uses.
• Is a component of comprehensive plan. (other component are transportation, utilities,
community facilities and etc.
• May vary depending on type of community and government level.
The Key System Affecting Land Use
Three systems of particular relevance to urban spatial
structure.
- activity systems
- development systems
- environmental systems.
Determinant factor in land use planning
 01 ECONOMIC FACTOR

It’s a relationship based on

theoretical orientations on land
use. * relationship among
physical elements and land use.
(interactions among the key
systems)
 ECONOMIC FACTOR
LAND
- Use of land is determined by “the urban land market”
- is a commodity traded in market
- Price or land becomes from: a. cost of making land b.
function of the net income
- Decision to buy based on (opportunities to maximizing
return)
i.e:
CBD = a. focus for employment
b. business transactions
c. shopping
02 SOCIAL FACTOR
• Sociologist views the city, partly in the context of urban ecology
• Concern for the physical, spatial and material aspects or urban life,
• Partly in the context of social culture in the city with its concern for
human values, behaviour and interaction as reflected in such social
institutions (family, church, government, business)
• Elements of social processes affecting land use.
 SOCIAL FACTOR – Urban Form
According to Lynch (1981)
a. theory of “good city form” relating social uses values to change and stability in
urban physical structure.
b. good urban form has a number of dimensions;
i. Vitality (support provided by city’s urban structure for human functions,
biological requirements and capabilities.)
ii. Sense (residents perception’s of a city as a structure in time and space
connection between urban structure and residents value.)
iii. Fit (match between city’s spaces, channels and equipment and the activities
of its people.)
iv. Access (ability to reach persons, activities, resources, services, information,
or places within the city)
v. Control (control by users of use, access, change of spaces and activities)
vi. Efficiency (relative cost of creating and maintaining the settlement for
various levels of vitality, sense, fit, access, and control.
vii. Justice (balance of distribution of environmental benefits and costs)
 SOCIAL FACTOR – Activity Systems
is a human activity systems – the pattern ways in which households, firms and
institution use urban areas.

• Must construct
a. description of the duration and location of such household activities
b. analyses of the current and preferred activities and site qualities
• Must be concerned with the fit between physical parts and the activities.
• Planner should be monitor social change in order to plan cities more responsive to
residents need.
 SOCIAL FACTOR – Activity Systems
• included the development of
a. significant primary social relationship
b. socialization of children
c. Personal support network (service sector)
• Each neighborhoods is a small bounded area where the residents are in
face to face contact and creating a sense of community.
03 PUBLIC INTEREST FACTOR
Used in law to refer to what the courts will sanction as a public purpose
under:
a. politic power
b. eminent domain power
c. taxation power
• Public interest by law usually identified as below;
Health Welfare Morals Safety Convenience Comfort Prosperity
• Public interest by planning purposes
Health Economy Safety Amenity Convenience Efficiency
Conclusion.
In deciding the appropriate / best use over
certain land, planner must develop good
knowledge and information in ensuring good
judgment. Several important factors involved in
determining LAND USE PLANNING