Activity 1

MALAUEG ETHNIC GROUP

The Malauegs are the ethno-linguistic group found
mainly in Rizal, Cagayan. Originally, they are people by
Kalingas who came from the provinces of Apayao and
Kalinga. These people were known as Irrayas and the
Spaniards found them savage and insolent. But when they
were converted to Christianity, they became meek, humble
and obedient.
Rizal is located southwest of Tuguegarao City, which
is approximately 6 thousand kilometers from the city. A
travel to this town entails trekking 46 kilometer rough road
from Tuao to Rizal. It will take one and one-half-hour from
Tuguegarao to Tuao while another 1 ½ hour ride- will bring
you to Poblacion Rizal.
Malauegs are dark in complexion, of medium height
and with big body built. They derive mainly their income from agriculture and fishing. They
willingly offer stranger a good night rest and let him use the newest and cleanest blanket, newly
sewed pillow and dressed chicken for viand which the head of the family would usually say
“pasensyan mu laman ya native nga annu” which means “this is what we can offer for viand”.
They are religious and go to church during Sundays and holidays of obligation.
An individual is born, grows, develops, matures, ages, and dies. He undergoes successive
changes and adjustments from conception to senescence. He must pass through fixed stages in
the life cycle (Encarta, 2003). Thus, the beliefs and practices of the Malauegs were organized
according to the following topics:

A. Concepcion
On practices related to conception, a woman is caution ed not to look to unpleasant
incidents, satisfy her food cravings by all means, avoid
eating twin bananas and avoid despising somebody
with defects. More importantly, the pregnant woman
should undergo paddal if she suffers from
unexplainable discomforts. Pregnant women are also
advised to bring pointed objects, garlic and salt every
time they go out at night to protect the baby from evil
spirits and lastly, a pregnant woman should be in good
terms with everyone especially with her neighbors to
avoid difficulty during delivery.
B. Birth
Child deliveries take place in the home with the aid of ma ppagana/ paltera or midwife.
During delivery, the Mallauegs still cling to the following beliefs and practices: they
serve walin for their dead relatives whom they believe are witnessing the delivery. They
burn braided cotton cloth known as amlang to drive evil spirits, the house ladder is being
inverted and call family members and neighbors whom the pregnant woman offended to
put a sign of the cross to her belly ton hasten delivery. The mappagana/ paltera also
pulverize phosphorus of 7 match stick amd mix in a glass of lukewarm water for the
mother to drink in order for her to perspire and make the baby move out easily. Before
cutting the umbilical cord, the mappagana/ paltera stretches this if it reaches only the
baby’s forehead. It is believed that the baby grows wise, if does and if it only the baby’s
mouth, become voracious. The placenta is cut with the use of Ilap. The father takes the
prerogative of either to hanging it on the highest branch of a tree on burying it beside a
newly planted tree. It is a traditional practice among the Malauegs to place the baby on a
bamboo winnower, with the baby, it is heat over the fire and the baby is tapped three
times to frighten him/ her.
Doing so makes the baby alert,
active, daring and witty. After
giving birth, the mother is
advised to stand under the
flame of aningat (mangassub)
so that the wound inside heals
easily. She is advised not to
take a bath in an open area and
also advised to boil seven
different kinds of leaves that
are distasteful to evil spirits during her first bath.

C. Child rearing
Most Malauegs breastfeed their babies.
Bottle feeding is done when the mother
goes to work. When the baby sleeps and
is left alone, pointed objects or water is
placed under the kassun to protect
him/her from evil spirits. During the
first bath, lives spider is placed in the
water so that even the baby climbs, he/
she will not fall easily. Water of young
bamboo is also mixed with lukewarm
water so that even if the baby perspires
he/ she will not suffer from body odor.
 Before the baby starts to eat, they let the baby taste sukalati first so he will have a good
appetite. If the baby is a girl, they apply mikat maratuba on her lips so that she will not
become a voracious eater. Paboda and Padumak is also a practice among them if the baby
suffers from a lingering sickness.

D. Adolescence
Before reaching adolescence period,
young boys are expected to undergo
circumcision and should not let his
penis be seen by a woman just after
circumcision. A girl is advised to take a
bath and wipe her face with the
underwear over after removing the first
blood of her first menstruation. When
mappatilan comes among young girls,
mothers usually heat a kuwid and
massaged to the breast of their daughter
so the breast will not grow bigger.

E. Courtship
Traditionally, it is the initiative of the boy’s family to do courting. They send a
maddalibasa as ago- between to the girl’s
family. With him is a saripit signifying
their intention for their interest to that
young lady. Upon the acceptance of the
saripit, the man starts to do the
Mangatugangan or bridal service. A man
and a woman who fell in love with each
other will inform their parents but still, the
man should do the bridal service. But now,
Mangatugangan is already disregarded
since courtship is takes place without the
knowing of their parents.

F. Marriage
On marriage, the Malauegs still cling to planetaru, they
see to it that the day of marriage should be on either of the
following dates: 5, 8, 10, 15, 18, 20, 25 and 28. These
 dates are considered to be lucky and no wedding day is set when there is no moon. The
ritual of Mapparian giving of Tadug, Gala, Palanglang and Pakolkol are still prevalent
during wedding days.

G. Death
When a person dies, a widow/ widower not related to
the family members are asked to bath the body of the
dead person. Malloto is an old practice where the
members of the family gather together and a widow
with a black cloth will Comut them. With this, you
are not allowed to touch the widow/ widower to
avoid suffering from babaltong.
During burial, the coffin should not touch the door or
ladder. The folks usually carry the coffin of the dead
person. If the widow/ widower happens to pass by
wangag or uweg, kawkawan na se adi magaw-
awwang. When the dead is about to be laid in the
tomb, the family members are not allowed to look
rather, they have to leave the cemetery. After 9 days
of mourning, the whole family goes to the wangag to
take a bath and let the wet clothes float to drive
misfortunes away. (Meanug)
The Malauegs share common beliefs and practices in the different stages of their social
life. It is through education that some beliefs and practices have waned in the civilization.
However, some practices could be curbed and refined through acculturation and integration in
the curriculum. This is to keep pace with the rapid advancement in Science and Technology.
The Malauegs are people with rich cultural heritage which can shed more valuable facts
about the aborigines. No researcher perhaps is likely to discount the details of their beliefs and
practices served for survival and existence through years.

THE MALAUEG SYMBOLS

MUSIC/ SONG TRADITIONAL WEDDING DANCE
 Salwinit malaueg version  PASALIP
https://www.youtube.com/watch? https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=SJ8lpskiG_s v=9LXL-P67J58

 Malaueg song https://www.youtube.com/watch?

https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=fOXlB1_zpTk
v=0kFsMQxvBBY
ART (Church) PADEKAT FESTIVAL
The San Raimundo de Peñafort Parish Padekat Festival of Rizal Cagayan, the real
Malauegs where the decendants of Biuag and
Malana originated.

Church, commonly referred to as the Malaueg

Church or Rizal Church, is an early 17th-
century Baroque church located at Brgy.
Poblacion, Rizal, Cagayan.
Architectural style: Baroque architecture

LITERATURE | Biuag and Malana (Cagayan FOODS (SINABALU)

Epic)
Biuag is admired by a goddess when he was
still a baby and gave him a present the
threestone placed around his neck signifies his
powers the first stone protect him in any
bodilyharm and the remaining two stones giving
him the powers. On the other hand, there is also
aman born in Malaueg and has the same powers
with Biuag such as lifting heavy things, beingas
fast as the wind and bravery. Malana uses his
powers to help ordinary people needs helplike
helping the people in his town when a
devastating typhoon washed away their
crops.At the age of eighteen, the two young
men fell in love with a single lady. A young
lady withunsurpassed beauty lived in the town
of Tuao.They found themselves struggling who
will the young lady choose. So, in order to
figure outwho will be chosen, the two-man
challenged each other and may the best man
win.The battle between the two is breathtaking
and became controversial. The dueling place
wascovered by men, women, and children from
all over the province, proving that their
abilitiesare extraordinary. The people from
Enrile and Malaueg are also there to show their
support totheir man. The beginning of the duel
is tough. Malana fights bare hands while Biuag
uses hisspear. When the spear of Biuag breaks
into two. The true fight started.Unfortunately,
because Biuag used other creature to defeat
Malana the young lady did notchoose him even
he won the fight and flew in the kingdom of the
air with Malana.

REFLECTION:
As an Ilocano almost all of this researches that I made is the same with our culture. I
learned that Ethnic self-identification and membership in an ascribed ethnic group are important
because they control, limit, and/or enhance opportunities for well-being in society. Ethnic
identification and membership have been linked to most aspects of human existence in the
twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Humans share over 99 percent of their genetic material with
one another, and variation occurs more between individuals than ethnic groups. Nevertheless, the
legacies of racial and ethnic constructs can be spotted in everything from housing to health.
Racial and ethnic prejudices affect the distribution of wealth, power, and opportunity, and create
enduring social stratifications.
Racial pride can foment racial prejudice, as in the case of white supremacists. But for
members of groups marginalized because of race or ethnicity, involvement in activities that
promote group pride can help lessen or offset the effects of racial discrimination and social
prejudice. Though race and ethnicity are among the most divisive concepts in history, both
irrevocably shape our social, personal, and cultural experiences. We should all remember that
Philippines was not called Philippines without its ethnic groups living within.

Activity 2
Write down in a clean sheet of paper of yellow paper 20 different responses to the question
"Who am I?" don't worry about evaluating the logic or importance of your responses - just write
the answers as they occur to you.
 1. I am a person continuously answering the question “Who am I” by exploring my
destiny in this world.
2. I am a person who believes in destiny knowing that I am creating my own destiny.
3. I am a person who believes that dignity comes with respect.
4. I am a loving person and has a God-centered relationship.
5. I am always looking for the answers from my past.
6. I am a gay but I am not doing cross-dressing.
7. I am a bully but always been bullied.
8. I can forgive and rest assured I can’t forget.
9. I am into women but I have a lot of them.
10. I am a person with a multiple talent.
11. I am a busy person.
12. I love watching movies and recently I just hook into Thai series.
13. I am a person who believes I can travel in Thailand someday.
14. I am a person who is not really decided in my future work and lifestyle.
15. I am a person who believes that the Earth is round and I can’t go outside of this
territory.
16. I am part of every kind of organization and I am looking for more to be part of.
17. I believe that I can stand in national competitions.
18. I am a person who cannot forgive myself easily.
19. I am a person with a loving family and I know someday we might hate each other
but we’ll stay forever.
20. I am a person that someday I’ll get a degree not only in business courses but also
information technology course too.

Activity 3
Reflect on who you are and who you want to be. Imagine yourself 15 years from now. On the
left side of your paper write down your thoughts on the following:
A. Where do you want to be?
I believe 15 years from now I am 35 years old and I want to be in Thailand on that
days of my life.
B. How do you want to be living?
I might be living as a teacher who will understand the culture of Thai people who are
open to my fellow kind of LGBT. I might be marrying there, a man who can stay and
love the things what may we have in life. And I can be contented in my salary which
can support myself and my parents in Philippines.
C. What do you want to be doing?
I want to be part of the open community in Thailand. I will teach students in Business
academe and Information Technology related courses. I might represent Philippines in
talent competitions. And so on I can satisfy my needs without the support of my
parents. Lastly, I want to be famous not only on social media but also in the entire
world.
 D. What kind of person do you want to be? What qualities do you think you possess?
I will be more futuristic and self-centered human. I think I may be considerable,
optimistic, and talented person. I will be a person who I was dreaming all of my life
and that is to be a gay who can marry a man who’ll stay with me forever and that we
can own international business that is because of our talents and initiatives that we
have.
E. How do you want to be viewed by other people?
Since this is 15 years from now I can be more hurtles person and what may people
view me might not matter anymore. But since then I always wanted that people view
me as a normal one, who can socialize, can be happy, can cry, but they can’t never step
on my dignity.

Activity 4
Answer the following questions. And reflect on your answer.
1. What does the word beauty mean to you?
I believe that beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Whoever believes in that quote may
understand the real beauty. Beauty is diverse. It starts in your heart and ends in your
mind. It will rise in waves of the ocean and it will fall in the reign of the queens.
Beauty can change, it may end. But beauty will last if you only believe in it. Because
the word beauty is everyone or everything we had.
2. What do you think makes a person attractive?
First and foremost respect is the most attractive characteristic of a person it might be
physically but it is the best for me. Because having respect to someone it may follows to
your whole characteristics. Second is having etiquette and lastly they have maintained
good hygiene.
3. Can you name three personalities you think are attractive and tell why?
First, Vice Ganda she was been an icon to every LGBT members having his courage
and confidence in wearing tons of makeup that he can stand with it.
Second is Gregg Hawkins. He easily attracts me because of his physically maintained
body. And his height does matter to me it is average.
Lastly, Ian Veneracion is one of kind good-looking guy. His age doesn’t like varies on
his age and this makes them so attractive to me.
4. What's the best compliment you've ever received?
“You’ve made me happy.”
5. Do you like it when people tell you that you're beautiful or handsome?
Yes I do like it, as I said earlier we have different standards of beauty and it may varies
upon what they feel about it.
 6. Do you like the way you look?
Yes I always do like it. My mama always telling me that as long as my organs and the
parts of my body is complete and functioning well then I am worthy enough.
7. Do you like getting haircut or having your hair brushed/styled/ braided/put up?
Yes, it doesn’t matter to me if my hair is long or I am bald because it will not change
the real me and my personal characteristics.
8. What do you think it means when people say that beauty comes from the inside?
It is a metaphoric way of telling that a person has a good heart and respectful.
9. Do you prefer it when you wear makeup?
No. I always believe that my natural beauty resist.

Activity 5
WALTER C. COLEGA BSAIS-2B
 IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN GLOBAL ECONOMY
Dealing with the unforeseen challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has taken a
significant toll on people all across the world. Medical News Today has spoken with people from
different countries, asking how the pandemic has impacted their lives.

According to a survey conducted in the Philippines, about 75 percent of Filipinos

perceived that the coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak would affect the international economy,
while 65 percent believed the national economy of the Philippines would be affected as of
February 2020. As of March 2020, the global pandemic has contracted a decline of 2.4 percent in
United State's GDP.

The global economy is the world economy or the worldwide economy.

It is all the economies of the world which we consider together as one economic system.
Put simply; it is one giant entity. It is also the system of trade and industry across the world that
has emerged due to globalization. In other words, the way in which countries’ economies have
been developing to operate collectively as one system.

COVID-19 is not exactly unseen. It was — when it started as object of observation in

Wuhan. But medical science has already established that it is a positively stranded RNA
virus; that it needs a host and that it can be transmitted. Most significant of all is the knowledge
that it can die on its own (if there is no host) and it can be killed by a person’s anti-bodies. 
People infected with the virus can survive. Indeed thousands have died but thousands have also
resisted and survived. We expect that soon a vaccine will finally defeat it before it sheds more
havoc.

We are on the “unseen” mode simply because we are still falling short of test kits,
laboratories, hospital rooms and quarantine areas.  With the shortfall, everyone is automatically
considered a suspect – a potential vector of the virus or a target of infection. True, the worst is
yet to come but there might be better sequences to not only flatten the curve but also avoid
throwing everyone to the cliff.

According to my research, The outbreak of pandemic Covid-19 all over the world has
disturbed the political, social, economic, religious and financial structures of the whole world.
World’s topmost economies such as the US, China, UK, Germany, France, Italy, Japan and many
others are at the verge of collapse. Besides, Stock Markets around the world have been pounded
and oil prices have fallen off a cliff. In just a week 3.3 million Americans applied for
unemployment and a week later another 6.6 million people started searching for jobs. Also,
many experts on economic and financial matters have warned about the worsening condition of
global economic and financial structure. Such as Kristalina Georgieva, Managing Director of
International Monitory Fund (IMF), explained that “a recession at least as bad as during the
Global Financial Crisis or worse”. Moreover, Covid-19 is harming the global economy because
the world has been experiencing the most difficult economic situation since World War-II. When
it comes to the human cost of the Coronavirus pandemic it is immeasurable therefore all
countries need to work together with cooperation and coordination to protect the human beings
as well as limit the economic damages. For instance, the lockdown has restricted various
businesses such as travelling to contain the virus consequently this business is coming to an
abrupt halt globally.
It also observed that the economic recovery from this fatal disease is only possible by
2021 because it has left severe impacts on the global economy and the countries face multiple
difficulties to bring it back in a stable condition. Most of the nations are going through recession
and collapse of their economic structure that points out the staggering conditions for them in this
regard almost 80 countries have already requested International Monetary Fund (IMF) for
financial help. As Covid-19 has already become a reason for closing the multiple businesses and
closure of supermarkets which seems empty nowadays. Therefore, many economists have fear
and predicted that the pandemic could lead to inflation.

There are various sectors and economies that seem most vulnerable because of this
pandemic, such as, both the demand and supply have been affected by the virus, as a result of
depressed activity Foreign Direct Investment flows could fall between 5 to 15 percent. Besides,
the most affected sectors have become vulnerable such as tourism and travel-related industries,
hotels, restaurants, sports events, consumer electronics, financial markets, transportation, and
overload of health systems.

According to a press release by Kristalina Georgieva in a press release she suggested that
four things need to be done to fight against Covid-19 and avoid or minimize losses. Firstly,
continue with essential containment measures and support for the health system. Secondly, shield
affected people and firms with large timely targeted fiscal and financial sector measures. Thirdly,
reduce stress to the financial system and avoid con tangent. Fourthly, must plan for recovery and
must minimize the potential scaring effects of the crisis through policy action.

“No generation has had the opportunity, as we now have, to build a global
economy that leaves no-one behind. It is a wonderful opportunity, but also
a profound responsibility.”
- Former U.S. President Bill Clinton
 IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
Global governance brings together diverse actors to coordinate collective action at the
level of the planet. The goal of global governance, roughly defined, is to provide global public
goods, particularly peace and security, justice and mediation systems for conflict, functioning
markets and unified standards for trade and industry. One crucial global public good is
catastrophic risk management – putting appropriate mechanisms in place to maximally reduce
the likelihood and impact of any event that could cause the death of 1 billion people across the
planet, or damage of equivalent magnitude.

COVID-19 may become not only a huge health crisis, but also a crisis of globalization
and global governance. Most obviously, it raises the question of how the world should organize
itself against the threat of pandemics. But it also has implications for how globalization is
perceived and what that perception means for the future of international cooperation.
he COVID-19 pandemic has shown the need for a coordinated global response, but
underscored that the nation-state remains the best (and perhaps only) entity with the capacity to
address this challenge.

This is especially so given the inadequacy of global health governance, with the World
Health Organisation (WHO) slow to act in declaring a global pandemic, and unable to coordinate
key states in their responses. Part of the reason for this stems from the well-publicised fact that
the WHO was reluctant to criticise China, which is a major donor.

But, there’s a larger issue of key donors from the “Global North” starving the institution
of funding for decades, leaving it poorly placed to lead any global response, and having to
instead resort to pleading with countries to increase testing and adopt social distancing measures.

Moreover, we should remember that the pandemic is occurring at a time of a populist

backlash against global governance, with key states shunning global cooperation and attempts to
find global solutions to global problems.

Instead, we’ve seen states retreating behind their borders and adopting “beggar-thy-
neighbour” policies such as export bans on crucial medical equipment, and the redirection of
medical supplies.

Crises affect politics in strange ways, making what was politically unthinkable only a
fortnight ago, now imperative. With the absence of a coordinated global response, we’re seeing a
return from “governance” to “government” – a sharp reversal of the orthodoxy of the past four
decades.

But beyond the countries of the developed Global North (Australia is an honorary
member of this informal club), we need to recognise that conflict and crisis-affected
environments, and countries with other development challenges, are less likely to be able to
address the threats posed by COVID-19. Unless this is recognised, COVID-19 will continue to
affect us all well after Australia has loosened its distancing laws. This is because developing and
post-conflict countries often lack sufficient resources, capacity and resilience to respond to
ongoing or new threats.

Health systems, including disease surveillance, are often inadequate, and there can be
many vulnerable people with inadequate access to food and healthcare, sometimes living in
overcrowded and unsanitary refugee and displacement camps or city slums. It’s difficult to
imagine how such places will cope when the healthcare systems and economies of the world’s
richest countries are struggling.

“The pandemic also lays bare the existing structural inequalities of the global
economy perpetuated by neoliberal economic development policies that have
weakened state capacities to respond to this global crisis.”

Cuts to public sector spending through structural adjustment programs in the “Global
South”, for example, have weakened state health systems. The bold and welcome public
spending response that governments in countries in the Global North have been able to deliver is
unlikely to be followed by most countries in the Global South.

For example, the wages relief, free childcare and loan relief are unlikely to be replicated
in countries in Australia’s region, where, according to the International Labour Organisation, 93
per cent of workers in developing countries are classified as informal sector workers. Life-saving
measures such as isolation and social distancing can mean, literally, death through starvation for
those working for daily wages on the margins of the global economy.

Nor is this emphasis on the crisis in developing countries unrelated to us in Australia, for
two reasons: firstly, an inability to control the spread of the virus in the Indo-Asia-Pacific will
curb Australians’ ability to move internationally for some time; secondly, we have vulnerable
populations within our own borders, including Indigenous people, the homeless and those in
insecure housing, who are also at risk as opportunities for the casualised workforce contract, and
social provisions weaken for those excluded from relief packages.

The World Health Organization has been playing a constructive role. Given rising
geopolitical tensions, it has had to be diplomatically smart, technically strong, and to
communicate clearly. The WHO has had to navigate these challenges, while also paying
attention to low- and middle- income countries, which are usually left behind. In this context, I
think the agency has done a good job in terms of mailing out test kits to low-income countries
early on and putting out daily situation reports and accurate information.

I think the Health Emergencies programme is holding up as best as it can, and that it’s
more responsive than in 2014 with the West Africa Ebola outbreak. It's quite stretched because
it's a small team having to respond to a lot of countries. The real challenge is now going to come
when the virus starts taking its toll in low- and middle-income countries, and we'll be looking at
WHO, which is not a financing agency. For this reason, I think the World Bank will become
important, so we'll see what the Bank is able to do rapidly to help countries.