WORD FORM

(Extracted from English Olympic for grade 11)

1. The unresponsive audience made the lecturer somewhat _________ (heart). What a shame! Dishearten

2. A list of _________ events will be posted on the notice board. (come) upcoming

3. She’s quite an _________! (eye)

4. Listening to that doctor’s talk was a very _________ experience. (rich)

5. His family suffered from his _________. (expend)

6. We have _________ temperatures every night in mid-winter. (zero) subzero

7. The _________ staff consists of 10 experienced journalists. (edit) editorial

8. The two nations finally agreed to sign a _________ pact to normalize their diplomatic relations. (aggressive)

9. _________ children will not be allowed to cross busy roads. (company)

10. She is very efficient and _________ polite to the customers. (fail) unfailingly

11. His busy schedule made him completely _________ to his students. (access)

12. Various _________ by police officers were brought up to light by the enquiry. (practice)

13. He works for UNESCO in a purely _________ role.(advice) advisory

14. Some referees in the V-league lack _________ .(part) impartiality

15. Children who grow up in time of war are more likely to be _________ then others. (adjust)

16. Mai has a very sweet _________ smile. (child)

17. They fought _________ in the war. (hero)

18. The boy was violent and his parents found him _________. (manage)

19. The _________ of the trains and buses causes frustration. (frequent)

20. I didn’t know who she was with a mask on. She was completely _________. (recognize)

21.The sun and the moon are often _________ in poetry. (person)

22. I felt _________ to speak on the subject. In fact, I could have done it perfectly. (qualifications)

23. Those corrupted officials tried to establish a _________ for their shameful transaction with the Mafia. (coverage)

24. He was _________ by his many disappointments. (bitter)

25. After admitting their mistakes, they apologized _________ for what they had done. (reserve)

26. His latest _________ is a racehorse. (acquire)

27. _________ expressions are gainfully employed when the listener or reader is successful in making the intended
connection. (refer)

28. The reason for Bruce Lee’s death was sleeping pill _________. (dosage)

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29. This statue _________ the soldiers who died in the war. (memory)

30. What a terrible film! It’s really _________ in my view. (rate)

31. The troops were thoroughly _________ by this set-back.(moral)

32. We try to ensure the _________ of our employees. (be)

33. There’s nothing to match the warmth and _________ of a genuine log-fire. (cozy)

34. At schools, the teachers are _________ by the urgent needs of a large number of children clamoring for attention,
and the frequent overcrowding of classrooms. (siege)

35. The air stewardess made it clear how _________ she was of his behavior. (contempt)

36. I felt that turning up at the wedding in jeans and a T-shirt was rather _________. (appropriacy)

37. She gave a solemn _________ to respect their decision. (take)

38. Please ensure that your child’s sports clothes are clearly marked in _________ ink. (delete)

39. The police took _________ action against that player, who was involved in the match-fixing scandal. (discipline)

40. In order for the project to be started, they needed a large _________. (lay)

41. The president _________ drew his conclusions from that ill-founded evidence. (err)

42. As a result of this conflict, he lost both his home and his means of _________. (life)

43. A new book claims to have proved that _________ moisturing creams really can help to make your skin look
younger. (age)

44. His intellect and mental _________ have never been in doubt. (agile).

45. He examined the parcel _________, as he had no idea what I would be. (suspect)

46. Jane has succeeded in making himself _________ to Mr. Parker, She does everything for him. (dispense)

47. I was _________ by Angelina’s loud and aggressive voice and so chose to remain silent throughout the discussion.
(timid)

48. Fishing is said to be the most popular _________ sport in the UK. (participant)

49. ‘Have you got any _________ about the corporation?’ (give)

50. To the couple’s expectation, the birth of their _________ baby lighted up the house with laughter. (long)

51. I was surprised by the _________ of the occasion. All the men wore dark suits and ties. (formal)

52. The tourists were impressed by the _________ of the jewellery in the museum. (splendid)

53. Any opposition to the rules is _________. (tolerate)

54. Small children are very _________ in their behavior. They just copy what they see. (imitate)

55. He has just received _________ payments for the contract broken. (compensate)

56. He works for a _________ company for investment. (advise)

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57. The _________ (maintain) of the good relationship between the 2 countries was brought up in the _________
(confer)

58. The minister as well as the _________ (congregate) preparing for the coming Xmas _________ (serve).

59. After a few drinks, their behaviors became _________. (inhibit)

60. The cat is _________ in the sunshine. (luxury)

61. He will be _________ at your news. It’s so good. (joy)

62. Don’t admit _________ for the accident. (liable)

63. Sit in the garden and feel the _________ (peace) and _________ (tranquil)

64. Scientists _________ about the centre of the Earth, but they cant know for sure. (theory)

65. The plane got in an hour ago, but Mr. Smith hasn’t called _________he wasn’t on it. (appear)

66. He was a _________ adventurous person. There is no question about it. (decision)

67. Barbara is very _________ about birds. She knows a lot about them. (knowledge)

68. Two _________ hijacked an airplane and made the pilot fly to Paris. (terrify)

69. It was _________ of you not to offer her a drink. (hospitable)

70. I _________ how wide he stream was and feeling. (judge)

71. If you continue to accept help without expressing any thanks you may be accused of _________. (gratitude)

72. Heavy rain and excessive use have the soil _________. (poverty)

73. The bicyle I lent Tom had been in good condition, but he returned it in _________. (repair)

74. Don’t compare James with Peggy , the 2 are entirely _________. (similarity)

75. All nations are _________ in the modern world. (depend)

76. The train became _________ at 60 miles per hour but no-one was seriously hurt. (railway)

77. I’m afraid the club is not open to _________. (membership)

78. That _________ pupil should be severely punished. (respect)

79. The firm is surely _________. We have to take more workers. (staff)

80. Thousands of African children are undernourished, they suffered from _________ .(nutrition)

81. There was a _________ of gas and we were afraid there would be an explosion.

82. After the _________, several employees lost their jobs.

83. Those who oppose the legalization of drugs feel that _________ drugs would be a surrender in a drug war. (crime)

84. Too much use of _________ can do harm to the health of people. (insect)

85. We can stop by that Chinese _________ and get some food for the children. (take)

86. The printed instructions are quite _________, there’s no need for me to further explain anything. (explain)

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87. It’s just too late, the problem is now _________. (remedy)

88. The accused said he had made the confession under _________. (coerce)

89. The _________ of the national airline has shown the government’s flexibility in its economic policy. (private)

90. ‘Leonard has been very _________ these past few days. I wonder what he is trying to hide from us,’’ Devi said.
(secret)

91. ‘Remember to_________ the water from the stream before you drink it’ (pure)

92. As Mr, James was not feeling well, his colleague _________ him of his duties. (relief)

93. Lisa is very _________. She always manages to look good in photographs. (photo)

94. The King sent a huge army to curb the _________ in the south. (rebel)

95. The old man collapse after doing some _________ exercises. (strain)

96. My grandmother cant recognize me sometimes, She is probably affected by _________. (senile)

97. My brother and I are _________ readers of mystery stories. (voracity)

98. The evidence in this case is entirely _________. (circumstance)

99. The failure of this scheme would have serious _________. (imply)

100. I was so angry that I was _________. (speak)

101. The party was ruined by a couple of _________ who got very drunk. (gate)

102. She is behaving in a very _________ way, drinking too much and taking drugs. (destroy)

103. TV has an important part in _________ new scientific ideas. (popular)

104. Africa is the world’s driest continent, but the _________ of the rains is as much of a problem as the lack of them.
(predict)

105. They didn’t even consider her for the job because she was 46- it was a typical case of _________. (age)

106. People who have been abused as children often experience feelings of _________. (worth)

107. Unemployment is still _________ high in some areas of the country. (wretch)

108. His poems are full of unfulfilled _________ and desires. (yearn)

109. It is a _________ possibility , but I don’t suppose it wil happen. (theory)

110. Do you feel _________ to the new job? (attract)

111. The audience was _________ small because of the heavy rain. (disappoint)

112. He felt _________ certain about his success.(tolerate)

113. The _________ answer to my question was ‘no’ (vary)

114. He is laughing _________. (heart)

115. He is normally very _________, so you will be lucky if you get any information out of him. (communicate)

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116. We hope to see more _________ schools where children of different races can get uses to working together.
(integrate)

117. She is at a very _________ age. (impress)

118. They made their _________ departure just before the floods. (provide)

119. Behavior of this kind is _________ to the Crown and should be accounted for as quickly as possible. (credit)

120.In Canada, 26 percent of the federal _________ are women, with 1/3 of judges at provincial level. (judge)

121. The fear of injury is always _________ in an athletes mind at this late stage. (up)

122. They are calling for the release of the hostages on _________ grounds. (human)

123. Nothing is known about her _________ and background. (parent)

124. There is no evidence to suggest that disease is either _________ or infectious. (inherit)

125. She was given the _________ task of informing the losers. (envy)

126. The boy’s _________ behavior was the primary reason for which he was expelled from school. (object)

127. Despite the immense _________ of a grateful nation, miller has slumped into struggle and despair. (good)

128. I am sure that Linda will come to help us; she is a _________ girl. (depend)

129. Maldini is _________ in AC Milan. He;s the key to their success. (replace)

130. The new film is _________ good. (except)

131. He is _________ for his charitable activities than for his business in the steel industry. (know)

132. Scholarship and awards are usually given on the _________. (daily)

133. Part of the building has been _________ into office. (divide)

134. There were reports that Bush’s campaign team has been trying to dig up information that might _________
Clinton. (credit)

135 . It was a terrible game. Our tea, played very _________. (imagination)

136. The computer that I use hasn’t got _________, but it’s easy to copy files on to a flash drive. (write)

137. The _________ had stolen a car in Adelaide and had then stopped for petrol at Wirulla. (ride)

138. William Shakespeare is probably the most famous _________ in history. (play)

139. The novel was published and quickly became a _________ (see)

140. How much was the _________ on that letter. (post)

141. It’s only common _________ to thank someone when they help . (courteous)

142. It’s _________ since advertising Is ubiquitous, giant street hoardings and catchy jingles on TV bombard us form all
sides, (escape)

143. He is not responsible for himself only, but for the rest of _________ also. (man)

144. John always knows how to _________ the party with his jokes. (lively)

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 THE PRESENTATION OF HISTORY

When dealing with sensitive issues such as atrocities of war and man’s ____________ (human) to man, interpreters
of history my try in vain to give an even-handed ____________ (treat ) the subject. This creates the danger of
‘softening’ the image to make it a little less ____________ (horror) , a little less ____________ (shame) and a little more
acceptable to the general audience. This is an injustice to history, with too much emphasis put on the bland and
not enough on the harsh reality of the past.
Interpreting our heritage is not a soft option where all that is required is a nice, _________ (sentiment) view of the
past. It requires a full working ____________ (perceive) of the issues and the evidence, together with a ____________
(will) to be open about the strengths and weakness of our ability to interpret in a way that ____________ (deep)
understanding. If ____________ (provoke) required to do that, then it should not be avoided for fear of presenting
something ____________.

PRECIOUS METAL

Gold has several qualities that have made it a commodity of exceptional value throughout history. It is attractive
in colour, durable to the point of virtual ____________ (destroy), and usually found in nature in a ____________
(compare) pure form. The history of gold is ____________ (equal) by that of any other metal because of its value in the
minds of men from earliest times.
Because it is visually pleasing it was one of the first metals to attract human ____________ (attend). Examples of
elaborate gold workmanship, many in nearly perfect condition, survive from ancient Egyptian, Minoan, Assyrian,
and Etruscan artisans, and gold has continued to be a highly ____________ (favour) material out of which jewellery
and other ____________(decor) objects are crafted.
The era of gold production that followed the Spanish discovery of the Americans in the 1490s was probably the
greatest the world had witnessed to that time. The ____________ (exploit) of mines by slave labour and the looting of
Indian palaces, temples, and graves in Central and South America resulted in a (n) ____________ (precedent) influx of
gold that literally unbalanced the ____________ (economy) structure of Europe. Until today the world remains
____________ (captive) by the allure of gold.

FLAMENCO DANCE

The essence of flamenco is song, often accompanied by the guitar and improvised dance. Music and dance can be
placed into specific groups. These ____________ (category) are usually located across a continuum with subjects
dealing with the profound to those that are light-hearted. ____________ (type), the themes of death, anguish and
despair, in contrast to love, gaiety and the countryside are ____________ (drama). In flamenco dance, the men’s steps
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are intricate, with toe and heel clicking. Footwork in women’s dancing is of less importance, with the ____________
(grace) use of hands and body taking ____________ (precede). In the dance, the arm, hand and foot movements
closely resemble those of classical Hindu dance. Essential to traditional flamenco is the performer’s interpretation
of the dance ____________ (hinder) by the emotion of the music. Performances are often accompanied by rapid hand
clapping, finger snapping and ____________ (courage) shouts. The dancers themselves frequently employ finger
snapping in complex rhythms including the use of castanets. This dance form was ____________ (profession) in the
19th century, when Romany people first began to perform in cafes. In this environment, ____________ (depart) from
the traditional form occurred. Unfortunately, the pressures of the ____________ (commerce) stage meant that
rehearsed routines replaced the ____________ (spontaneous) of the original flamenco performances.
ALL WORK AND NO PLAY ..

Playing is a serious business. Children engrossed in a make-believe world, fox cubs play fighting, or kittens
teasing a a ball of string, aren’t just having fun. Play may look like a ____________ (care) and exuberant way to pass
the time before the hard work of ____________ (adult) comes along, but there is much more to it than that. For a start,
play can be dangerous and costs some animals their lives. It is also extremely ____________ (cost) in terms of energy.
Nature tends not to waste energy so there must be a reason for this dangerous and strenuous activity.
Playing is a ____________ (require) for the development of intelligence. Current theory posits that more of the brain
is involved in play than was previously believed. Play certainly seems to ____________ (act) higher cognitive
processes because it involves complex ____________ (assess) of playmates, ideas of reciprocity and the use of
____________ (special) signals and rules.
It is already know that juveniles denied the opportunity for play lose the ability to apply social rules when they
do interact with their peers. Children destined to suffer mental illnesses as adults engage in precious little social
play early in life. The effect of depriving normal children of play is still ____________ (know), but the implication is
that ____________ (creat) and learning abilities could be adversely affected. With ____________ (school) beginning
earlier and becoming ____________ (increase) more exam-oriented, the time afforded to play is obviously being
reduced. What the result will be is likely to cause concern.

PROTECTING YOUR RIGHTS

Copyright is the inalienable, ____________ (legal) secured right to publish, reproduce, and sell the matter and form
a literary, musical, dramatic, or artistic work. Copyright is designed ____________ (specific) to protect an artist,
publisher, or other owner against any ____________ (authorize) copying his works – as by reproducing the work in
any material form, publishing it, performing it in public, filming it, broadcasting it, causing it to be distributed to
____________ (subscribe) or making any adaptation of the work. A copyright supplies a copyright holder with a kind
of ____________ (own) over the created material, which assures him of both control over its use and the monetary
benefits derived from it. ____________ (history), copyrights grew out of the same system as royal patent grants, by
which certain authors and printers were given the ____________ (exclude) right to publish books and other materials.
The ____________purpose of such grants are not to protect authors’ or publishers’ rights but to raise government
revenue and to give governing authorities control over ____________ (public) contents. The Statute of Anne, passed in
England in 1710, was a ____________ (mile) in the history of copyright law as it recognized that authors should be the

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____________ (prime) beneficiaries of copyright law. Today, the Berne Convention of 1886 and the Universal
Copyright Convention of 1955 protect rights on an international level recognized in all countries.

THE ART OF GIVING AND TAKING

Gift exchange , which is also called ____________ exchange (ceremonial), is the transfer of goods or services that,
although regarded as ____________ (volunteer) by people involved, is part of the expected social behavior. Gift
exchange may be distinguished from other types of exchange in several respects: the first offering is made in a
generous manner and there is no haggling between donor and ____________ (receive); the exchange is an expression
of existing social relationship or of the establishment of a new on that differs from ____________ (person) market
relationships; and the profit in gift exchange may be in the sphere of social relationships and prestige rather than
in material advantage.
The gist-exchange cycle entails ____________ (oblige) to give, to receive, and to return. Sanctions my exist to induce
people to give, ____________ (approve) or loss of prestige resulting from a failure to do so. ____________ (refuse) to
accept a gift may be seen as rejection of social relations and may lead to enmity. The reciprocity of the cycle rests
in the necessity to return the gift; the prestige associated with the appearance of ____________ (generous) dictates
that the value of the return be approximately equal to or greater than the value of the original gift. Alongside its
obvious economic functions, gift exchange is a significant expression of social relations.

A BUILDING OF CLASS

The Crystal Palace was a glass-and-iron exhibition hall in Hyde Park, London, that housed the great Exhibition
of 1851. The structure was taken down and ____________ (build) (1852-1854) at Sydenham Hill, where it survived
until 1936. In 1849 Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria and president of the Royal Society of Arts, invited
____________ (exhibit) from all around the world to participate in an ____________ (expose). Plans were developed, and
the necessary funds speedily raised, so the ____________ (memory) exhibition opened in the Crystal Palace on May 1,
1851. The Crystal Palace was a ____________ (remark) construct of an intricate network of slender iron rods
sustaining walls of clear glass. With more than 13km of display tables, the number of participants was about
14,000 , nearly half of whom were non-British. The attendance of millions of visitors generated a ____________ (size)
profit and a closing ceremony was held on October 15. The Crystal Palace established an ____________ (architect)
standard for later international fairs and exhibitions, which likewise were housed in glass buildings resembling
conservatories. On the night of November 30, 1936, it was virtually destroyed by fire; the towers that remained
____________ (damage) were finally demolished in 1941 because they were deemed a dangerous ____________ (land) for
incoming German bombers.

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 HEALING FLOWERS

Flowering plants were ____________(primary) cultivated for their fragrance, as well as their ____________ (use) and
beauty. In the last two decades this situation has changed in that currently plants and their flowers are being
subjected to the rigours of intensive scientific research in an attempt to ____________ (veil) their secrets. Although it
is a ____________ (relative) recent undertaking, ____________ (research) have already scoured some of the most
obscure regions of the globe in search of the ultimate curing, healing and rejuvenating ____________ (botany)
specimens. Ancient tribal traditions and healing recipes have also been researched as a means of identifying the
potential ____________ (cure) properties of flowers and plants. Flora has been researched for centuries in order to
____________ (sure) a continuous supply of the ingredients that have been proven to be ____________ (effect) in
providing remedies offering ____________ (relieve). The latest technologies are employed in parallel to this ancient
knowledge to identify chemical profiles and ____________ (character). Modern plant breeding makes it possible for
new and improved plants to be added to the list of previously discovered specimens, In this marriage of science
and nature, a new market of products is now available to whet consumer appetite.

AROUND THE GLOBE

National Geographic Magazine is a ____________ (month) magazine of geography, archaeology, anthropology, and
____________ (explore), providing the armchair traveler with literary and ____________ (fact) accounts and unexcelled
photographs and mps to comprehend those ____________ (pursue). The magazine was founded in 1888 and is still
published by a non-profit corporation, the National Geographic Society. The original ____________ (intense) of the
society was for the ____________ (period) to be oriented toward the US, but the nature of its articles soon made it a
magazine with a global view. Under the ____________ (edit) of Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor, it attained a circulation of
1,000,000 by 1926. National Geographic was one of the first magazines to ____________ (produce) colour
photographs of undersea life, views from the stratosphere and animals in their natural habitat.
The magazine became world famous for its beautifully illustrated articles of the various geographic regions of
the world. Its features include substantial info on the environmental, social, and cultural aspects of the areas
covered and their peoples. Proceeds from the magazine help support its scientific expeditions.

CAPRI

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 One of the most frequently visited areas in Italy is the island of Capri in the southern part of the country.
____________ (inhabit) in prehistoric times, the island later became a Greek colony and then a resort of emperors in
the early years of the Roman Empire. During the 10th century the ____________ (populate), fearing pirate raids, moved
from seaside ____________ (settle) to the present towns, Capri (east) and Anacapri (west), high above the shore. It
changed hands between the French and the British several times during the Napoleonic War, before being
returned to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1813. Stone ____________ (art) has been found in one of the caves with
which the rocky shores of Capri aboud: the most ____________ (note) of these is the Blue Grotto, rediscovered in 1826
and ____________ (access) only by boat. Sunlight entering through the water that fills most of the entrance gives it an
____________ (ordinary) blue light, hence its name. Since the second half of the 19 th century, Capri has ____________
(grade) become one of the most popular resorts in southern Italy, famous for its magnificent ____________ (scene)
and the mild climate in which vegetation flourishes despite the ____________ (suffice) amount of water.

A TASTE FOR SUCCESS

Founded in 1892, the Coca-Cola Company is today engaged primarily in the manufacture and sale of the famous
carbonated beverage that is a cultural institution in the US and a symbol around the world of American tastes.
The drink was ____________ (origin) in 1886 by an Atlanta pharmacist, John S. Pemberton; his bookkeeper, Frank
Robinson, chose the name for the drink and penned it in the flowing script that became the Coca-Cola ____________
(trade). Pemberton originally touted his drink as a tonic for most common ____________ (ail). He sold his syrup to
local soda fountains, and, with advertising, the drink became ____________ (expect) successful. By 1891 another
Atlanta pharmacist , Asa Griggs Candler had ____________ (security) complete ____________ (own) of the business for a
total cash outlay of 2,300 and the exchange of some proprietary rights. In 1899 the Coca-Cola Company signed its
first ____________ (agree) with an independent bottling company, which was allowed to by syrup and produce,
bottle, and distribute the drink. Such licensing deals formed the basis of a unique distribution system that now
____________ (character) most of the American soft- drink industry. The post-World War II years saw ____________
(diverse) in the packaging of Coca-Cola and also in the development or ____________ (acquire) of new products.
Today, Cca-Cola stands as one of the most ____________ (prosper) of US businesses.

A WORRYING DISEASE

Rubella, also called German measles, is an epidemic ____________ (virus) disease of mild course. ____________
(intense) study of epidemics in Germany in the 19th century gave rise to the popular name of the disease. Although
rubella may occur in young children, ____________(susceptible) to the disease is more commonly seen in older
children and young adults.
Usually the ____________ (comfort) rash is the first sign noted. ____________ (large) of the lymph glands in the neck,
behind the ears, and perhaps elsewhere in the body is ____________ (character). Although it is certainly not pleasant
to suffer from rubella, ____________ (complicate) are rare. A day or so of bed rest and a light diet with plenty of fluids
is the only ____________ (treat) required in most cases. In 1941 it was discovered that rubella early in ____________
(pregnant) may be ____________ (threat) to the health of the foetus, esp the eyes and heart. Years later it was

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demonstrated that infants may be born with ____________(activity) rubella and my manifest many additional
____________ (norma). In fact ,it has been found capable of causing extensive damage to almost any organ of the
infant’s body. Methods of ____________ (immune) have been recommended in the hope of stamping out the virus
from the environment.

SILENT ACTING

Mime and pantomime was a Greek and Roman ____________ (drama) entertainment representing scenes from life,
often in a ____________ (ridicule) manner. Currently, the art has evolved into the ____________ (portray) of a character
or the ____________ (narrate) of a story solely by means of body ____________ (move).
The Greco-Roman mime was a farce that stressed ____________ (mime) action but which included song and
____________ (speak) dialogue. In Roman pantomime, unlike the mime actor, the players wore ____________ (number)
masks, which identified their characters but deprived them of speech and of the use of facial gestures. Thus hand
movements were particularly ____________ (express) and important. Pantomimus, dressed like a tragic actor in a
cloak and long tunic, usually performed solo ____________ (company) by an orchestra.
In the theatre of China and Japan, mime acquired a role unknown in the West, becoming a ______ ______ (dispense)
part of the major dramatic genres. In Chinese drama the conventions of gesticulation, as well as the ____________
(symbol) of the stage properties, are immense in scope and ____________ (comprehend) to those unfamiliar with the
traditional forms.
The high art of modern mime was ____________ (noble) philosophically by such artists as Marcel Marceau, who
defined mime as ‘’the art of expressing feelings by attitudes and not a means of expressing words through
gestures.’’

A NEUTRAL COUNTRY

Switzerland is the ____________ (receive) of a fair share of stereotype images such as ____________ (resist)
chocolates, kitsch cuckoo clocks, the practice of yodeling and ____________ (humour), serious bankers. Visitors will
find a flavor of Germany, France and Italy, but always ____________(pregnant) with an intangible essence that is
uniquely Swiss. The Swiss have carefully guarded their lack of ____________ (involve) in the 20 th century. Their only
____________ (participate) in WW1 lay in the organizing of Red Cross units. Switzerland joined the League of Nations
after peace was won, under the proviso that its inclusion would be financial and economic rather then entailing
any possible military sanctions. Despite the country’s long standing ____________ (neutral), Switzerland maintains a
400,000 –strong civilian army. Every able-bodied male ____________ (go) national service. In addition, a whole
infrastructure is in place to repel any ____________(invasion) including the planned destruction of key roads and

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bridges. It is a sobering thought to realize that those apparently undisturbed mountains and lakes hide a network
of military ____________ (install). The Swiss are generally a law-abiding nation, valuing established forms of
demonstrating respect and courtesy to others. Formal titles are always used and it is ____________ (custom) to greet
shopkeepers when entering their shops. Citizens further engender respect, by ____________ (diligent) recycling waste
as part of an overall policy to protect the environment.

CHRISTIANITY
Christianity is an ____________ (Abraham), ____________ (monotheism) religion bases on the life and oral ____________
(teach) of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament.
Christianity is the world’s largest religion, with nearly 2.4 billion ____________ (adherence) known as Christians.
Christians believe that Jesus has a ‘unique significance’ in the world. Most Christians believe that Jesus is the Son
of God, fully ____________ (divines) and fully ____________ (humanity), and the savior of humanity whose coming was
____________ (prophesier) in the Old Testament. Consequently, Christians refer to Jesus as Christ or the Messiah.
The ____________ (find) of ____________ (Christianity) ____________ (theologist) are expressed in ____________
(ecumenism) creeds. These ____________ (professionally) of faith state that Jesus suffered, died was ____________
(burial), and was ____________ (resurrection) from the ____________ (death) in order to ____________ (granter) ____________
(eternize) life to those who believe in him and trust in him for the ____________ (remissible) of their sins. The creeds
further maintain that Jesus bodily ____________ (ascendancy) into heaven, where he ____________ (reigning) with God
the Father. Most Christian ____________ (denominate) teach that Jesus will return to judge everybody, ____________
(life) and dead, and to grant ____________ (last) life to his ____________ (follow). He is considered the model of a
____________ (virtuosity) life. His ministry, ____________ (crucify), and resurrection are often referred to as ‘the gospel’
meaning ‘good news’. The term gospel also refers to written accounts of Jesus’s life and teaching, tour of which-
the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and John – are considered ____________ (canon) and included in Christian Bibles.
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
.
William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an ____________ (aldermantry) and a successful ____________
(glove) originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an ____________ (affluence) ____________
(landocracy) farmer.He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and ____________ (baptism) there on 26 April 1564. His
actual date of birth remains unknown, but is traditionally observed on 23 April, Saint George's Day. This date,
which can be traced back to an 18th-century scholar's mistake, has proved appealing to biographers, since
Shakespeare died 23 April 1616. He was the third child of eight and the eldest surviving son.

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 Although no attendance records for the period survive, most biographers agree that Shakespeare was probably
____________ (education) at the King's New School in Stratford,a free school chartered in 1553,about a quarter-mile
from his home. Grammar schools varied in quality during the Elizabethan era, but grammar school ____________
(curriculum) were largely similar, the basic Latin text was ____________ (standard) by royal ____________ (decreers),
and the school would have provided an intensive education in grammar based upon Latin classical authors.
At the age of 18, Shakespeare married the 26-year-old Anne Hathaway. The ____________ (consistorial) court of
the Diocese of Worcester issued a marriage licence on 27 November 1582. The next day, two of Hathaway's
neighbours posted bonds guaranteeing that no ____________ (law) claims impeded the marriage.The ceremony may
have been arranged in some ____________ (hasten) , since the Worcester chancellor allowed the marriage banns to be
read once instead of the usual three times,and six months after the marriage Anne gave birth to a daughter,
Susanna, ____________ (baptism) 26 May 1583. Twins, son Hamnet and daughter Judith, followed almost two years
later and were ____________ (baptism) 2 February 1585. Hamnet died of ____________ (knowledgeable) causes at the
age of 11 and was buried 11 August 1596.

ATHEISM
Atheism is, in a ____________ (broaden) sense, the rejection of belief in the existence of deities.In a narrower
sense, atheism is specifically the position that there are no deities.Most ____________ (include) , atheism is the
absence of belief that any deities exist. Atheism is contrasted with ____________ (theist),which, in its most general
form, is the belief that at least one deity exists.

The term "atheism" originated from the Greek ἄ θεος (atheos), meaning "without god(s)", used as a ____________
(pejoration) term applied to those thought to reject the gods ____________ (worshipful) by the larger society. With
the spread of freethought, skeptical inquiry, and subsequent increase in criticism of religion, application of the
term narrowed in scope. The first individuals to identify themselves using the word "atheist" lived in the 18th
century.Some ancient and modern religions are referred to as atheistic, as they either have no concepts of deities
or deny a creator deity, yet still revere other god-like ____________ (entitative)
Range
Some of the ____________ (ambiguous) and controversy involved in defining atheism arises from difficulty in
reaching a ____________ (consensual) for the definitions of words like deity and god. The ____________ (plural) of wildly
different conceptions of God and deities leads to differing ideas regarding atheism's ____________ (application). The
ancient Romans accused Christians of being atheists for not worshiping the pagan deities. Gradually, this view fell
into ____________ (favour) as theism came to be understood as ____________ (compass) belief in any ____________ (divine).

With respect to the range of phenomena being rejected, atheism may counter anything from the existence of a
deity, to the existence of any spiritual, ____________ (nature), or ____________ (transcendency) concepts, such as those
of Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and Taoism.

Arguments for atheism range from the ____________ (philosophy) to social and historical approaches. Rationales
for not believing in any supernatural deity include the lack of ____________ (empire) evidence; the problem of evil;
the argument from inconsistent ____________ (reveal); the rejection of concepts which cannot be ____________ (false);

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and the argument from nonbelief. Although some atheists have adopted secular philosophies,there is no one
____________ (idea) or set of behaviors to which all atheists ____________ (adherent). Many atheists hold that atheism is
a more ____________ (parsimony) worldview than theism and therefore that the burden of proof lies not on the
atheist to disprove the existence of God but on the theist to provide a rationale for theism.

Since conceptions of atheism ____________ (variable), accurate estimations of current numbers of atheists are
difficult. According to one 2007 estimate, 2.3% of the world's population are ____________ (atheism) and a further
11.9% ____________ (religion) (non-religious), while a global poll conducted by WIN/GIA in 2012 indicated that 13%
of respondents said they were atheists. According to other studies, rates of atheism are among the highest in
Western nations, again to varying degrees: the United States, for example, returned 4%, while Canada returned
28%.The figures for a 2010 Eurobarometer survey in the European Union (EU), reported that 20% of the EU
population claimed not to believe in "any sort of spirit, God or life force".

WHAT IS ATHEISM?

No one asks this question enough.

The reason no one asks this question a lot is because most people have preconceived ideas and notions about
what an Atheist is and is not. Where these preconceived ideas come from ____________ (vary), but they tend to evolve
from theistic influences or other sources.

Atheism is usually defined incorrectly as a belief system. Atheism is not a ____________ (believe) in gods or a
denial of gods; it is a lack of belief in gods. Older dictionaries define atheism as "a belief that there is no God." Some
dictionaries even go so far as to define Atheism as "____________ (wicked) ," "____________ (sinful)," and other
____________ (derogate) adjectives. Clearly, theistic influence taints dictionaries. People cannot trust these
dictionaries to define atheism. The fact that dictionaries define Atheism as "there is no God" betrays the
(mono)theistic influence. Without the (mono)theistic influence, the definition would at least read "there are no
gods."

Why should atheists allow theists to define who atheists are? Do other ____________ (minor) allow the majority to
define their character, views, and opinions? No, they do not. So why does everyone expect atheists to lie down and
accept the definition placed upon them by the world’s theists? Atheists will define themselves.

Atheism is not a belief system nor is it a religion. While there are some religions that are atheistic (certain sects
of Buddhism, for example), that does not mean that atheism is a religion. Two commonly used retorts to the
____________ (sense) that atheism is a religion are: 1) If atheism is a religion then bald is a hair color, and 2) If
atheism is a religion then health is a disease. A new one introduced in 2012 by Bill Maher is, "If atheism is a
religion, then ____________ (abstinent) is a sexual position."

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 The only common thread that ties all atheists together is a lack of belief in gods and supernatural beings. Some
of the best debates we have ever had have been with fellow atheists. This is because atheists do not have a
common belief system, sacred scripture or atheist Pope. This means atheists often disagree on many issues and
ideas. Atheists come in a variety of shapes, colors, beliefs, convictions, and backgrounds. We are as unique as our
____________ (finger).

GLACIER
A glacier is a ____________ (persist) body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms
where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ____________ (ablate) (melting and ____________ (sublimate)) over many
years, often centuries. Glaciers slowly ____________ (form) and flow due to stresses induced by their weight, creating
crevasses, seracs, and other ____________ (distinguish) features. They also ____________ (abradant) rock and debris
from their ____________ (substratum) to create landforms such as cirques and ____________ (morainic). Glaciers form
only on land and are distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface of bodies of water.

On Earth, 99% of glacial ice is contained within ____________ (vastness) ice sheets in the ____________ (polarity)
regions, but glaciers may be found in mountain ranges on every continent except Australia, and on a few high-
latitude ____________ (ocean) islands. Between 35°N and 35°S, glaciers occur only in the Himalayas, Andes, Rocky
Mountains, a few high mountains in East Africa, Mexico, New Guinea and on Zard Kuh in Iran.[1]

Glacial ice is the largest ____________ (reserve) of freshwater on Earth.[2] Many glaciers from ____________
(temperature), ____________ (Alps) and ____________ (season) polar climates store water as ice during the colder
seasons and release it later in the form of meltwater as warmer summer temperatures cause the glacier to melt,
creating a water source that is especially important for plants, animals and human uses when other sources may
be ____________ (scantiness). Within high altitude and ____________ (Antarctica) environments, the seasonal
temperature difference is often not sufficient to release meltwater.

Because glacial mass is affected by long-term climate changes, e.g., ____________ (precipitable), mean temperature,
and cloud cover, glacial mass changes are considered among the most sensitive indicators of climate change and
are a major source of ____________ (vary) in sea level.

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