LESSON 1

I. TRANSLATION:

Sentence Patterns

1. I am Jose Hongo.

2. Ms. Mariko is not a trainee.

3. Is Mr. Ishikawa a company employee?

4. Ms. Anie is a company employee.

5. Ms. Chato is also a company employee.

Example Sentences

1. Are you Mr. Takahashi?

… Yes, I am.

2. Are you a teacher, Ms. Chato?

… Yes, I am.

3. Are you a bank employee, Ms. Anie?

… No, I am not a bank employee.
I am a company employee.

4. Who is that person?

… She is Ms. Mariko. She is an employee of PAD foundation.

5. From what company are you?

… We are employees of NT.

6. Ms. Clarine, how old are you?

… I am 22 years old.

Conversation:

Mariko: Good morning!

Hongo: Good morning!

Ms. Mariko, this is Mr. Ishikawa.

Ishikawa: How do you do?

I am Tetsuya Ishikawa.
I came from Japan.
Nice to meet you.

Mariko: I am Mariko Tomimoto.

Nice to meet you, too.

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II. REFERENCE WORD AND INFORMATION:

KUNI. HITO. KOTOBA

(COUNTRY, PEOPLE, AND LANGUAGE)

COUNTRY PEOPLE LANGUAGE

(KUNI) (HITO) (KOTOBA)

AMERIKA (USA) Amerika-jin Eigo (English)

IGIRISU (UK) Igirisu-jin Eigo (English)
ITARIA (Italy) Iterating Itaria-go (Italian)
IRAN (Iran) Iran-jin Perushia-go (Persian)
INDO (India) Inducing Hindi-go (Hindī)
INDONESHIA (Indonesia) Indoneshiajin Indoneshia-go (Indonesian)
EJIPUTO (Egypt) Ejiputojin Arabia-go (Arabian)
ŌSUTORARIA (Australia) Ōsutoraria-jin Eigo (English)
KANADA (Canada) Kanada jin Eigo/Furansu-go (English/French)
KANKOKU (South Korea) Kankoku-jin Kankoku-go (Korean)
SAUJI ARABIA (Saudi Arabia) Sauji Arabia-jin Arabia-go (Arabian)
SHINGAPŌRU (Singapore) Shingapōru-jin Eigo (English)
SUPEIN (Spain) Supein jin Supein-go (Spanish)
TAI (Thailand) Tai-jin Tai-go (Thai)
CHŪGOKU (China) Chūgoku-jin Chugoku (Chinese)
DOITSU (Germany) Doitsu-jin Doitsugo (German)
NIHON (Japan) Nihonjin Nihongo (Japanese)
FURANSU (France) Furansu-jin Furansu-go French)
FIRIPIN (Philippines) Firipinjin Firipin go (Filipino)
BURAJIRU (Brazil) Burajiru-jin Porutogarugo (Portuguese)
BETONAMU (Vietnam) Betonamu-jin Betonamugo (Vietnamese)
MARESHIA (Malaysia) Mareshia-jin Marsha (Malaysian)
MEKISHIKO (Mexico) Mekishiko-jin Supein-go (Spanish)
ROSHIA (Russia) Roshia-jin Roshia-go (Russian)

PRONOUNS:

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Personal Pronouns:

3
 Single Plural

Watashi Watashitachi
(I) (We)

Anata Anatatachi
(You) (You)

Kanojo Kanojotachi
(She) They (feminine)

Kare Karera
(He) They (masculine)

Possessive Pronouns:

Watashi no Watashitachi no
(my, mine) (Our, Ours)

Anata no Anatatachi no
(Your, Yours) (Your, Yours)

Kanojo no Kanojotachi mo
(Her, Hers) (Their, Theirs)(Feminine)

Kare no Karera no
(His, His) (Their, Theirs) (Masculine)

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III. GRAMMATICAL EXPLANATION

1. N1 wa N2 desu.
1) The particle wa
 The particle “wa” indicates that the word before it is the topic of the sentence.
 You select a noun you want to talk about, add “wa” to show that it is the topic and give a
statement about the topic.
 Example:
 Watashi wa Jose Hongo desu.
2) Desu
 Nouns used with “desu” work as predicates.
 “Desu” – indicates judgment or assertion.
 “Desu” – also conveys that the speaker is being polite towards the listener.
 “Desu” – inflects when the sentence is negative or in the past.
 Example:
 Watashi wa sensei desu.
2. N1 wa N2 ja arimasen
 “Ja Arimasen” is the negative form of “desu”.
 It is the form used in daily conversation.
 For formal speech or writing “de wa arimasen” is used instead.
 Example:
 Mariko san wa kangofu ja arimasen. (de wa arimasen)
3. S ka
1) Particle　ka
 The particle ka is used to express the, speaker’s doubt, question, uncertainty etc.
 A question simply adding ka to the end of the sentence.
 A question ends with a rising intonation.
2) Questions asking whether a statement is correct or not
 As mentioned above, a sentence becomes a question when ka is added to the end.
 The word order does not change.
 The question thus make asks whether a statement is correct or not.
 Depending on whether you agree with the statement or not, your answer to such a question
begins with “hai or iie”.
 Example:

 Ishikawa san wa Nihonjin desu ka?

….. Hai, Nihonjin desu.
 Ishikawa san wa sensei desu ka?
….. Iie, sensei ja arimasen
3) Questions with interrogatives
 An interrogative replaces the part of the sentence that covers what you want to ask about.
 The word order does not change, and “ka” is added at the end.
 Example:
 Ano hito wa dare desu ka?
….. [Ano hito wa] Ishikawa san desu.
 Ano kata wa donata desu ka?
….. [Ano kata wa] Hongo san desu.
4. N1 mo N2
 “Mo” is added after a topic instead of “wa” when the statement about the topic is the same as
the previous topic.
 Example:
 Ishikawa san wa kaishain desu.

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 Mariko san mo kaishain desu.
5. N1 no N2
 No is used to connect two nouns.
 N1 modifies N2.
 In lesson 1 N1 is the organization or some kind of group to which N2 belongs.
 Example:
 Anī san wa PAPI no shain desu.
6. ~San
 ~san is added to the name of the listener or a third person to show the speaker’s respect to the
person.
 It should never be used with the speaker’s own name.
 Example:
 Ano kata wa Chato san desu.

 When referring directly to the listener, the word anata (you) is not commonly used if you
know the listener’s name. The listener’s family name followed by ~san is usually used.
 Example:
 Chato san wa kaishain desu ka?
….. Iie, sensei desu.