UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL

& BIOENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

BACHELOR IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

TEST 1

NAME : Anis Naziera binti Abdullah Sani

ID NO : 55213118070

GROUP : L01 P1

LECTURER: Mr. Ahmad Azahari Hamzah

COURSE CODE : CLB 21303

COURSE : PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL

DURATION : 1 HOUR

DATE : 2020

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

1. Please read the instructions given carefully.

2. Answer ALL questions in the answer paper provided

THIS QUESTION BOOKLET CONSISTS OF 2 PRINTED PAGES INCLUDING THIS PAGE.

ATTENTION: DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL PERMISSION IS GIVEN TO DO SO.
CONFIDENTIAL CLB 21303

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS (TOTAL: 40 MARKS)

Question 1

a) List basic component for measuring process variables with their function
1. Sensor: it is a device to measure the elements which are pressure, level,
temperature and flow.
2. Controller: unit to control the process such as control the error into zero
3. Control element: allowed operator to achieve desired process variable output by
manipulating a process variable set point
4. Controlled variable: element to control and act as primary function of process
control
(8 marks)

Question 2

a) Draw and discuss the primary and secondary element in pressure measurement device.
1. Primary element
- It will convert physical motion to applied pressure.
2. Secondary element
- It will convert output or primary element to signal.

(6 marks)

b) List the factors that affecting hydrostatic pressure and describe their relationship.
1. Gravitational force, gravitational force is directly proportional with pressure where
pressure increases as gravitational force increase.
2. Density, density is directly proportional to the hydrostatic pressure where hydrostatic
pressure increases as density of liquid increase.
3. Depth, depth is directly proportional to pressure where pressure will increase as the
depth increase.

(6 marks)

Question 3

a) Select THE BEST level measurement device that can be installed on the storage tank of
flammable liquid (e.g. ethanol, propanol) and give the reason for your selection.

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CONFIDENTIAL CLB 21303
- The level measurement device is low pressure shut glass. The main reason to
choose it because the devices will shut off flow if any leak or rupture. Secondly, the
device is a close tank.

(4 marks)

c) Differentiate between resistance temperature detector (RTD) and thermocouple.

1. Mostly RTD sensor only limited to temperature at 400˚C to 500 ˚C while
thermocouples can be used above 1400 ˚C to 1800 ˚C temperature range.
2. The accuracy of RTD is between 0.05 and 0.1 while the accuracy of thermocouples
is between 0.2 to 0.5.
3. RTD sensor have small drift while thermocouple sensors have high drift over time.

(6 marks)

Question 4

a) Describe Reynolds number in order to differentiate flow pattern and list the factors that
affecting Reynolds number.
- Reynolds number is defined as ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces within a fluid
and it is convenient parameter to describe whether flow condition will be laminar or
turbulent.
- Factor affecting Re are:
1. Surface roughness
2. Viscosity
3. Heat transfer
4. Vibration
5. Noise
(4 marks)

b) Describe the principle, construction and operation of an orifice plate.

1. Principle
- Using Bernoulli’s Principle which state that relationship between the pressure of the
fluid and velocity of the fluid where velocity increase as pressure decrease.
2. Construction
- An orifice plate is usually placed in a pipe which fluid flows. It is inserted
perpendicular to the process flow.
3. Operation

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CONFIDENTIAL CLB 21303
- When the fluid reaches orifice plate, the fluid is forced to converged to go trough
small hole. Eventually, the velocity and the pressure will change. Beyond vena
contracta, the fluid expand and the velocity and pressure will change again. The
volumetric and mass flow rate can be obtain through Bernoulli’s equation by
measuring difference in fluid pressure between normal pipe section and at vena
contracta.

(6 marks)

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