What is new in ASHRAE 90.1-2010 ?

Krishnan Gowri
Pacific Northwest National Lab.
Richland, WA
 AIA Quality Assurance

Learning Objectives

1. Overview of ASHRAE 90.1 Standard

2. Approved addenda for 90.1-2010
3. Energy savings comparison to 90.1-2004
4. Current Cx requirements in Codes and Standards
 ASHRAE 90.1 – Historical Timeline

90.1-1999
major rewrite 90.1-2001
90.1-1980 minor
updated revisions

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

90.1-1989
updated
90.1-2007
90.1-1975 updates
first issued 90.1-2004
updates,
reorganization

(courtesy: Mick Schwedler, Trane, Chair 90.1)

 ASHRAE 90.1-2010

SSPC 90.1 Work Plan – June 2007

• Goal: 2010 Standard to

achieve 30% energy savings
compared to 90.1-2004

- may not be met for all

buildings types in all locations
 Compliance Approaches

Building System Compliance Options

Prescriptive
Envelope
Option

Mandatory
HVAC
Provisions Trade Off
Energy Code
(required for most Option Compliance
SWH compliance options)

Power Energy Cost

Budget
Lighting

Other Simplified
 Prescriptive Building Envelope Option

WWR ≤ 40% of gross wall area

Skylight-roof ratio ≤ 5% of roof area
Each envelope component must separately meet requirements

™8 Criteria sets for different climate types

Set = single page that summarizes all
prescriptive requirements
¾Insulation levels for roofs, walls, floors
¾Fenestration criteria
 Opaque Areas

™Compliance
¾ Meet or exceed minimum R-values in table
Only R-value of insulation, not to include air films, etc
OR
¾ Meet maximum U-factor, C-factor, or F-factor for the
entire assembly
OR
¾ Perform area-weighted average U-factor, C-factor, or
F-factor calculations
Only if there are multiple assemblies within a single class of
construction for a single space-conditioning category
 Fenestration

™Criteria apply to fenestration, including windows,

glass doors, glass block, plastic panels, and
skylights
™Meet or not to exceed maximum U-factors in table
™Meet or not to exceed maximum SHGC in table
™Use NFRC ratings or default values in Appendix A
 Building Envelope Trade-Off Option

™Meet mandatory requirements

™Envelope performance factor (EPF) of proposed
building is ≤ EPF of budget building
¾ EPF considers only the building envelope components and is
calculated using procedures in Normative Appendix C
¾ Schedules of operation, lighting power, equipment power,
occupant density, and mechanical systems to be the same for
both the proposed building and the budget building
Software tools ENVSTD and COMcheck available for trade-off
compliance
 HVAC Compliance Paths

prescriptive
requirements
(§6.5)
mandatory
provisions
(§6.4)
Energy
Simplified
Cost
Budget
Approach
Method
Option
(ECB, §11)
(§6.3)

Simplified
proposed 90.1-compliant
Approach
HVAC design Option (§6.3) HVAC system

(small buildings only)

 HVAC - Simplified Approach Option

™Limited to…
¾ Buildings with 1 or 2 stories
¾ Buildings < 25,000 ft2
¾ Single-zone systems (unitary or split)
¾ Air-cooled or evaporatively cooled

™The system shall have an economizer, unless

the economizer Trade-off Option is used
• Limited to unitary systems
• Requires higher minimum cooling efficiency (EER)
• Trade-off EER by system size and/or climate zone
 HVAC - Simplified Approach

™ Manual changeover or dual set-point thermostat

™ Heat pump supplementary control
™ No reheat or simultaneous heating and cooling for
humidity control
™ Time clocks (except hotel/motel guest rooms and
systems requiring continuous operation)
™ Interlocked thermostats for separate heating and cooling
™ Exhaust > 300 cfm: gravity or motorized dampers unless
operated continuously
™ System > 10,000 cfm: optimum start controls
 HVAC Mandatory Provisions

™ Minimum equipment efficiency

• Package air conditioners and condensing units
• Heat pumps (air, water, and ground source)
• Packaged terminal and room air conditioners
• Chillers including absorption chillers
• Furnaces and unit heaters, Boilers
• Heat rejection equipment

™ Load calculations
™ Controls
• Zone Thermostatic and Dead Band, Off-hour, Setback, Optimum Start
• Zone Isolation and Ventilation Fan Controls
• Humidification and Dehumidification Controls
• Freeze protection controls

™ HVAC system construction and insulation

™ Completion requirements
 HVAC Prescriptive Path

™ Economizers
™ Simultaneous heating and cooling limitation
™ Air system design and control
™ Hydronic system design and control
™ Heat rejection equipment
™ Energy recovery
™ Exhaust hoods
™ Radiant heating systems
™ Hot gas bypass limitation
 Lighting Compliance Requirements

Mandatory Interior Exterior

Requirements Lighting Power Lighting
(Interior and + Limits + Power Limits
Exterior)
Tradable
Interior
Total

Controls
Connected
Power
< Lighting
Power Exemptions
Allowance
Non-
Switching Tradable

Exemptions Whole Building

Efficiency Total Exterior
OR Connected
Power
< Lighting
Power
Space-by-Space Allowance

Additional Allowances
Interior Lighting Power - Building Area Method

™Used for projects involving

¾ An entire building
¾ A single, independent, and separate occupancy in a multi-
occupancy building
™Gross lighted area is multiplied by allowance
from Table 9.5.1
™Limitations
¾ Insensitive to specific space functions and room configurations
¾ Generally is more restrictive
¾ Does not apply to all building types - but “selection of a
reasonably equivalent type” is permitted
Interior Lighting Power - Space-by-Space Method

™ Used for projects with well defined space types

™ Lighting power allowance calculated by multiplying area
of space type by lighting power density for that specific
space type
™ Advantages
• More flexible
• Applicable to all building types
• Accounts for room geometry (e.g., lighting needs of enclosed
office vs. open office)
 Exterior Lighting Power

™ Building grounds lighting luminaires over 100 watts must

have lamp efficacy of at least 60 lumen/Watt
™ Exterior Building Lighting Power must meet prescribed
wattage limits. Exterior applications divided into 2
categories:
¾ Tradable: allowed wattage may be traded
among these applications
¾ Non-Tradable: allowed wattage cannot
be traded between surfaces or with other exterior lighting
 Addenda Summary

¾ 71 addenda since 2004 publication

• 45 addenda to 2004
• 26 addenda to 2007 (approved through February, 1 2009)

• 11 addenda to Envelope
• 32 addenda to Mechanical
• 11 addenda to Lighting
• 17 addenda to “Other” (ECB, Appendix G, etc.)

¾ 28 characterized as having energy savings

• 17 addenda captured in the first six prototype buildings
• 5 addenda captured in future prototypes
• 6 addenda have savings but are not captured in prototypes
 Approved Addenda Highlights
™ Envelope
¾ High albedo roofs
¾ Opaque and fenestration envelope requirements
¾ Projection factor adjustment to SHGC
¾ Vestibule requirements
™ Mechanical
¾ VAV fan requirements for large single zone units
¾ Alternate compliance path for water-cooled chillers with high part load efficiency (VFD)
¾ Ventilation rates based on ASHRAE 62.1-2004
¾ Demand control ventilation requirements
¾ Fan power limitations
™ Lighting
¾ Lighting control credits for automatic lighting controls
¾ Automatic lighting shutoff in guest room bathrooms
¾ Four-zone lighting power density approach for exterior lighting requirements
™ Other
¾ Appendix-G Normative
¾ Requirements for low-voltage dry-type transformers
¾ Heatpump pool water heater requirements
 Progress Indicator - Overview

™ Purpose is to measure progress toward the 30% goal in

90.1-2010 improvement over Standard 90.1-2004
™ Baseline is 90.1-2004 prototypes
¾ 71 addenda (approved for publication through February 2009)
¾ 6 prototypes complete
¾ 17 climate zones
™ Preliminary weighting factors assigned by climate zone
¾ National weighted-average energy savings for each building type
¾ National weighted-average energy cost savings for each building
type
™ Results are preliminary
 First Six Prototypes

Large Office (500,000 sf) Medium Office (54,000 sf) Hospital (200,000 sf)

Small Office (5,500 sf)

Mid-rise Apartment (33,600 sf) Non-refrigerated Warehouse
(50,000 sf)
Savings – Medium Office
 90.1 Progress Indicator Savings – Summary
(April 2009)

National Weighted‐Average  National Weighted‐Average 
Prototype Energy Savings Energy Cost Savings

Large Office 9.9% 7.1%

Medium Office 11.2% 12.2%

Small Office 8.3% 7.9%

Mid‐Rise Apartment 8.4% 7.8%

Warehouse 5.6% 4.9%

Hospital 3.3% 3.3%

24
 Pending Addenda
(includes approved unpublished addenda and addenda in public review)

™ Envelope
¾ Prescriptive requirements revised for all climate zones (Addenda-bb)
¾ Continuous air barrier requirements
¾ Skylight requirement
™ Mechanical
¾ VAV fan requirements for large single zone units
¾ Heat pump requirements to include IEER
¾ Centrifugal fan cooling tower limitation
¾ Pump head calculation requirement
¾ Pipe sizing and insulation requirements
™ Lighting
¾ Interior lighting power density
¾ Day lighting requirements
¾ Electric motor efficiency requirements
 Envelope Addenda-bb
(example comparison of requierments with 90.1-2004 for Insulation Above deck Roof)

Insulation Above Deck Roof Requirements:

ASHRAE 90.1-2004 ASHRAE 90.1-2010

(Baseline) (proposed)

nonres res nonres res

Climate Zone R-value U-factor R-value U-factor R-value U-factor R-value U-factor

Zone 1 15ci 0.063 15ci 0.063 20ci 0.048 25ci 0.039

Zone 2 15ci 0.063 15ci 0.063 25ci 0.039 25ci 0.039

Zone 3 15ci 0.063 15ci 0.063 25ci 0.039 25ci 0.039

Zone 4 15ci 0.063 15ci 0.063 30ci 0.032 30ci 0.032

Zone 5 15ci 0.063 15ci 0.063 30ci 0.032 30ci 0.032

Zone 6 15ci 0.063 15ci 0.063 30ci 0.032 30ci 0.032

Zone 7 15ci 0.063 15ci 0.063 35ci 0.028 35ci 0.028

Zone 8 20ci 0.048 20ci 0.048 35ci 0.028 35ci 0.028

 Envelope Addenda-bb
(example comparison of requierments with 90.1-2004 for Steel-frame walls)

Steel Frame Wall Requirements:

ASHRAE 90.1-2004 ASHRAE 90.1-2010

(Baseline) (proposed)

nonres res nonres res

Climate Zone R-value U-factor R-value U-factor R-value U-factor R-value U-factor

Zone 1 13 0.124 13 0.124 13+7.5ci 0.064 13+7.5ci 0.064

Zone 2 13 0.124 13 0.124 13+7.5ci 0.064 13+7.5ci 0.064

Zone 3 13 0.124 13+3.8ci 0.084 13+7.5ci 0.064 13+7.5ci 0.064

Zone 4 13 0.124 13+7.5ci 0.064 13+7.5ci 0.064 13+18.8ci 0.037

Zone 5 13+3.8ci 0.084 13+7.5ci 0.064 13+15.6ci 0.042 13+18.8ci 0.037

Zone 6 13+3.8ci 0.084 13+7.5ci 0.064 13+18.8ci 0.037 13+18.8ci 0.037

Zone 7 13+7.5ci 0.064 13+7.5ci 0.064 13+18.8ci 0.037 13+18.8ci 0.037

Zone 8 13+7.5ci 0.064 13+10ci 0.055 13+18.8ci 0.037 13+18.8ci 0.037

 Envelope Addenda-bb Savings Analysis
(comparison to 90.1-2004 requirements)

Envelope Proposal: Medium Office Percentage Energy Savings

30%
National Weighed‐Average Energy Saving:            6.2% Site Energy
National Weighted‐Average Energy Cost Saving: 6.7% Energy Cost
25%

20%
Percentage Savings

15%

10%

5%

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Commissioning Requirements in ASHRAE 90.1
HVAC System Compliance Requirement
Section 6.7 Submittals
™Completion requirements
¾ Drawings - including location and performance data on all equipment,
distribution system sizes, and terminal air or water design flow rates
¾ Manuals – including operation and maintenance requirements,
calibration information, control sequences, set points, etc.
™System balancing
¾ Air system balancing – minimize throttling losses, adjust fan speeds of
fans > 1hp to meet design flow conditions
¾ Hydronic system balancing – minimize throttling losses, adjust pump
speed to meet design flow conditions
™System commissioning
¾ Control systems tested, calibrated and adjusted
¾ For projects >50,000 sf, commissioning instructions provided as per
ASHRAE Guideline 1-1996: The commissioning process
Commissioning Requirements in ASHRAE 90.1
Lighting controls (addenda–az, public review draft)
9.4.6 Functional Testing. Lighting controls shall be tested prior to occupancy to
ensure that control elements are calibrated, adjusted, and in proper working
condition in accordance with the construction documents and manufacturer’s
installation instructions. When occupant sensors, time switches, or photosensors are
used, the following functionality testing shall be performed:

a. Confirm that the sensitivity and time-out adjustments for occupant sensors yield
acceptable performance (i.e. lights turn off only after space is vacated).
b. Confirm that the time switches are programmed to turn the lights off.
c. Confirm that photosensor controls reduce electric light levels based on the amount of
usable daylight in the space as specified.

The construction documents shall state the party who will conduct and certify the
functional testing. The party responsible for the functional testing shall not be directly
involved in either the design or construction of the project and shall provide
documentation certifying that the installed lighting controls meet or exceed all
documented performance criteria. Certification shall be specific enough to verify
conformance.
Future Cx Requirements in Codes and Standards

™ ASHRAE 90.1 Mechanical Subcommittee Working Group

developing a new proposal on detailed commissioning plan and
documentation requirements

™ IECC 2012 Code change proposals include functional

performance testing for equipment and controls

™ Some of the specific items being addressed:

• Air and water flow rates measured and adjusted to be within 10%
of design flow rates
• Measurable criteria for acceptable performance
• Certificate of occupancy issued only after building owner confirms
receipt of preliminary commissioning report
 AIA Quality Assurance

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 Thank-you

Krishnan Gowri, Ph.D.

Pacific Northwest National Lab., Richland, WA
Krishnan.gowri@pnl.gov