MADRID

ARCH 162 . PROF. SILVESTRE . A.M.M.B. LOPEZ . DEC 2010

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Madrid

Capital and largest city of Spain (600 sq km)

Located at the center of Spain, called the “heart of Spain”

Average Elevation: 640m
above sea level

Population: 3,155,359
inhabitants (2005)

Administrative, financial,
cultural, and transport city

A major commercial and
industrial center in Spain
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Madrid

Religion. 86% of inhabitants are Roman Catholic

Government. Spain is a parliamentary monarchy

Education. There are 4
universities in Madrid:
- Universidad Complutense
de Madrid (Public)
- Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid (Public)
- Universidad Europea de
Madrid (Private)
- Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio
(Private)
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Madrid

The city of Madrid lies within the Autonomous Community of Madrid

Autonomous Community of Madrid

Metropolitan Madrid extends

beyond the city of Madrid and
into the Autonomous
City of
Community of Madrid
Madrid
HISTORY
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History

In Roman times, villas were built around Madrid

Archaeological findings date the first town to AD 800: the
Moors conquered Spain in AD 854 and the Moorish kingdom
of Toledo walled the town of Madrid and ruled it. They
initially named the town Mayrit (or in some accounts
Mageritah or Maricen)

In 1083, Christians conquered Spain
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History

In 1556, under the reign of Philip II, the seat of court was
moved from to Madrid

In 1656, King Philip II built a wall around a 3.9 sq km area in
the heart of Madrid, which is now called the “open city”;
Philip and the succeeding kings then worked on developing
Madrid

In 1983, Madrid became the capital of the Autonomous
Community of Madrid --> the region grew as an industrial
center
 Factors
affecting

city form
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Factors affecting city form

Topography

Political Power

Location
TOPOGRAPHY
& CLIMATE
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Geological Features
Topography BEDROCK

Relatively flat, with few rivers A. crystalline rocks (granites, schist and gneiss)
forming acid soils and poor in carbonates -
the North and the West of the Peninsula;
B. sedimentary rocks, limestone - the heavily
weathered Mesesta.

SOILS
Inceptisol – gray-brown clay and silt soil; not
particularly fertile but can be productive when
properly managed
Aridisol – alkaline or saline soil in dry regions;
contains only small amounts of organic
material
Alfisol – soil found in humid areas that is
alkaline or basic and contains a clay-rich layer
Entisol – Undifferentiated soils of recent
origin found in mountains and young land
formations
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Topography

Geological Features SOIL
NAME
COMMON
CHARACTERISTICS
FERTILITY TYPICAL LOCATION

SOILS
Inceptisols Horizon Variable Mountains and other
development in geologically young
early stages land formations

Entisols Undifferentiated Good Mountains and other

soils of recent geologically young
origin land formations

Aridisols Dry soils with Good if Desert regions

prominent clay irrigated
horizon

Alfisols Fertile forest soils Good Temperate humid and

with an underlying subhumid regions
clay horizon
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Climate

Generally hot and semi-arid,
with some temperate humid
climates

DRY CLIMATE: Hot and semiarid

TEMPERATE HUMID CLIMATE:
Summer drought – hot summer
TEMPARATE HUMID CLIMATE:
Summer drought – cool summer
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Ecoregions

Mediterranean Woodland
- rich forests and habitat,
a lot of open spaces

open areas: golf courses and parks

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CONCLUSIONS

Being relatively flat, the site is easily buildable in all directions

Rivers are few, and with developments from all over the city, these have
no big influence on city form

Being a Mediterranean woodland, the soils are fertile which lead to lush
vegetation and the presence of wildlife. Because of this, conservation of
green areas is seen throughout the city. Majority of these are parks, and
the rest are golf courses
Political
power
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Political Power

Although it had a fortress built by the Moors during their earlier reign,
Madrid was a mere town, one in many, in Spain before the 14th century

It was in the 14th and 15th centuries when kings of Castile started to hold
meetings in the Alcazar fortress in Madrid. Later, in 1556 newly crowned
King Philip II chose Madrid, his hometown for 6 years, to be the
permanent seat of court.

The king’s staff moved in. Wanting to be near the king, the aristocrats
followed.

Merchants, businessmen, and other workers found great opportunities
branching from the immigration of the aristocrats, so they too followed.

KING ARISTOCRATS MERCHANTS

INFLUX OF PEOPLE
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Political Power

With Madrid officially becoming the seat of the court, the kings developed
the area.

King Philip IV – in 1656, built a wall around the heart of Madrid. The
enclosure of this 3.9 sq km area facilitated growth within this now called
“old city”: major plazas and monuments, buildings, streets and boulevards
were built under the reign of several kings.

This development led to Madrid’s progression as a city in the 18th and 19th
centuries.

PERMANENT BUILDINGS
SEAT OF COURT FACILITIES

DEVELOPMENT
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Political Power
General Francisco Franco’s 40-year rule after the Spanish Civil War:

Economy improved, drawing people to Madrid. However, as the number of
people increased, resources decreased, resulting in slums.

PEOPLE + RESOURCES

= TEMPORARY SLUMS

During this time, traffic was a problem, as well as having too many open
parking areas and overpasses. This was to be replaced with parks and
playgrounds after his rule
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Political Power

Political Power at
present:
Alarcon is still a major
political area

As the capital of the

Autonomous Community
of Madrid, and the region
grew as an industrial
center in Madrid
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CONCLUSION

Political power played a major role in the development of Madrid as the
capital and a commercial, industrial, authoritative center. By making it the
permanent seat of authority, development inevitably followed. As the city
developed the population also grew. However, this is not always
beneficial. The growth should be sustainable according to the resources.
LOCATION
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Location

At the very heart of Spain,
Madrid is easily accessible
from all sides of the country

Growth at this core area,
aided by the early develop-
ments of the past monarchial
rules, spread radially outwards,
as the population increased.
However, this was not quickly
experienced, since growth first included construction of taller buildings
(high density living) and use of open land before spreading outwards
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By car/taxi:
Transportation Dual carriageways,
ENTERING THE CITY motorways and arterial roads

By air: Major roads: six national
roads linking Madrid to other
Barajas International
prominent cities in Madrid
Airport

Bus Stations
Main Bus Stations
Estación Sur de Madrid
(South Station)
Estación de Avenida de
América
Inter-Urban Bus Stations
Tickets are available at
tobacco and news stands
and at major bus stops
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Transportation
ENTERING THE CITY

By train:
Two main stations
Atocha Station
Chamartín Station
Long-distance, high-speed and
suburban trains
International Arrivals
Chamartín Station: arrivals
from France and Portugal, departures to Paris and Lisbon
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Transportation
WITHIN THE CITY

Road network:
concentrically
radiating outward
 bus, car, taxi

Cable cars

Extensive Rail
Network
 Suburban train,
metro
Airport

Roads

Rail
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Transportation
Train Lines

WITHIN THE CITY

Metro Lines (counterpart of MRT in Manila)
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Transportation • Walking important, as urban

structure very dense, no
“detached housing”
WITHIN THE CITY sprawl
• High usage of urban

Modes of Transportation transport. Dense metro and
bus network with high
frequencies
• Cycling less important, as
hardly cycle lanes available
• Mode Split Madrid: 30% car,
32% PT, 38% walking

Walk and cycle

Public Transport

Car

Source: http://www.eaue.de/Promode/Mathews.pdf Madrid

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Areas

There is now
a variety of
building types
and services
dispersed
throughout
the city.

Because of
the wide
services and
features
available in
the city, many
businesses opt
to locate their
main offices in
Madrid.
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CONCLUSIONS

With 6 major arteries and many sub-arteries, the city is highly permeable.
This is beneficial to a country’s center and leads to its development from
all sides.

Within the city, areas are highly accessible by the many modes of
transport. This encourages travel into and around the city, and contributes
to its development.

Problems in transportation within Madrid lie in the traffic situation. Efforts
are now being placed to address this situation.
Madrid
now
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At Present

Population Density

LOW HIGH
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At Present

Population Density

Concentration at the
center of the
community, i.e. in the
city of Madrid

Habitants/sq km
Less than 9.9
10-99.9
100 to 999.9
More than 1000
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Plans for Madrid

Each municipality has a development plan. Madrid city’s plan is the “Plan
General de Ordenación Urbana de 1997”. Proposed land uses are
illustated.
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Developments

An example of a
proposed develop-
ment in this plan
is the “Programa
de Actuación
Urbanizadora”

Public Transport Lines

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Vision for Sustainability

Along with many cities of the world,
Madrid is taking the step to creating
sustainable architecture

Sustainable Civil Court at

Valdebebas by Zaha Hadid
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Vision for Sustainability

Morphosis Madrid Social Housing

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References
http://www.justspain.org/spain/madrid/madrid-development.asp
http://www.nova.es/~jlb/mad_in97.htm
http://www.esmadrid.com/en/portal.do?TR=C&IDR=767
http://www.tourspain.org/madrid/history.asp
http://thundafunda.com/33/World-
tour/Escorial%20Monastery,%20Madrid,%20Spain%20pictures.html – escorial pic
http://commondatastorage.googleapis.com/static.panoramio.com/photos/original/18168303.jpg
http://www.feelmadrid.com/history.html
http://www.dq-madrid.com/dq-madrid/maps.asp
http://www.spanish-town-guides.com/Madrid_History.htm
http://www.koalie.net/Walks/20060504-06_Madrid/20060504120032.jpg
http://traveler.nationalgeographic.com/print/2009/07/free-city/madrid-text
http://www.architecturelist.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/zaha-hadid-madrid2.jpg
http://www.spain.info/ven/grandes-ciudades/reportaje/madrid.html?l=en
http://www.dq-madrid.com/dq-madrid/datos/foto.asp?id=/dq-madrid/images/air-
madrid.gif&nombre=Airpor%20Madrid
http://www.feelmadrid.com/info.html
http://www.lovingmadrid.com/Madrid-Architecture-KIO-Towers-poi-421-en.html
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References
http://www.iberianature.com/material/spaingeology.html
http://www.gomadrid.com/history/madrid-history.html
http://www.connectedurbandevelopment.org/cities/madrid
http://www.tourspain.org/madrid/transport.asp
http://www.arcspace.com/architects/morphosis/msh/morphosis_madrid_1.jpg
http://www.tourspain.org/madrid/
http://www.esmadrid.com/en/portal.do?IDM=38&NM=1&TR=C&IDR=612 and similar
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__4HSS2Xxn64/TPDhu_PtHTI/AAAAAAAABkY/1izVnFQ9PJo/s1600/mad
rid_cibeles.jpg
http://www.europe-cities.com/en/608/spain/madrid/history/chronology/at present
http://clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Conferences/PADL-2010/ pic dark
http://www.eaue.de/Promode/Mathews.pdf
http://www.connectedurbandevelopment.org/cities/madrid
http://www.europe-cities.com/en/605/spain/madrid/history/period/
http://www.arcspace.com/architects/morphosis/msh/msh.html
http://www.architecturelist.com/2008/03/23/sustainable-civil-court-at-valdebebas-by-zaha-
hadid/
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