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L. Aubrecht, J. Pichal
Czech Technical University, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Department of Physics,
Technická 2, 166 27 Prague, Czech Republic
e-mail: {aubrecht, pichal}@fel.cvut.cz
P. Spatenka, T. Vatuna
Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,
Department of Material Science,
Hálkova 6, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
L. Martinkova
Inotex s. r. o.,
Stefankova 1208, 544 28 Dvur Kralove, Czech Republic
The woven fabrics (woven fabric were of Tesil 12 type) were modified by a radio fre-
quency discharge. A degree of hydrophility and a dye ability of the knitted substrate after
the modification with a plasma excited in an O2 /CF4 mixture were determined. Addition-
ally, the effect of an enzyme Texazym treatment was studied. As process parameters, time
and the distance of the source were varied at the plasma modification. The results of hy-
drophility, surface resistance and dyeing achieved at knitted substrates modified by plasma
and enzyme were compared. The significant differences between these two in different way
modified materials were observed.
PACS : 52.80.-s
Key words: plasma discharge, plasma, etching, textil
1 Introduction
of the resistance of fabric with simultaneous positive effect on dyeing and printing
after plasma treatment. Enhancement of hydrophility of inherently hydrophobic
materials together with partial surface topography can ensure low adhesion of bac-
teria and fungi (repellent effect). Modification of synthetic fibres, that shall be later
used for chemical loading, is performed because of the considerable enhancement
of surface stability. Examples of various other applications of plasma treatment in
the textile industry may be found in [1–6].
The woven fabrics (woven fabric were of Tesil 12 type) were modified by a radio
frequency discharge. A degrees of hydrophilicity and a dye ability of the knitted
substrate after the modification with a plasma excited in an O2 /CF4 mixture were
determined. Additionally the effect of an enzyme treatment. The modification ef-
fects have been studied using two methods: hydrophilicity by Determination of
water suction capacity and electrostatic properties by Test method for protective
clothing parameters measurement. The dye ability has been determined by The
test of relative strength of reactive dyeing (reactive dyestuffs for cellulose dyeing
were used). The results of hydrophilicity, surface resistance and dyeing achieved at
knitted substrates modified by plasma and enzyme, were compared. The significant
differences between these two in different way modified materials were observed.
The several attempts were carried out with a different time of modification. Com-
pared with the flat foil of which is geometrically similar to a desk, the fabric is
composed from fibres. These fibres are spun into yarns and these yarns are woven
to the final textile fabric. Because of this physical and geometrical different struc-
ture between foil and fabric it is difficult to compare them from the point of view
of hydrophility measurement.
2 Experimental
The etching was carried out by radio–frequency (13.56 MHz) discharge (Fig. 1).
Two types of samples were modified: the samples of fixed polyester (the heat treat-
ment of the fabrics for geometric stability of textile) and the samples of polyester
fixed and treated by enzyme. For the enzymatic treatment the product with trade-
mark Texazym (it serve for environmentally friendly hydrophility of polyester, con-
trary to alkaline treatment) has been used. This enzyme applied on the surface was
used for combination of positive results of plasma and enzyme on the hydrophility
(by this way the colouration may be enhanced). For plasma treatment the distance
of the substrate on the movable table was chosen in the region 20 ÷ 260 mm from
rotary electrode. The gas flow rate and gas percentage were constant: flows were
12 sccm CF4 and 48 sccm O2 , modification time was 600 ÷ 1 800 s and RF power
was 150 W. In all experiments a pressure of 64 Pa was kept constant.
The test of relative colouring was carried out using reactive dyestuffs deter-
mined for dyeing of cellulose. The colouring samples were measured by testing
of relative strength of reactive dyeing (spectrophotometer Minolta) in comparison
with unmodified sample.
The principle of measurement of hydrophility and thus suction capacity is as
follows: the stripes of textile, which are strapped in a frame, are immersed into
a liquid (spirituous water with a colour pigment) for two minutes and after that
the suction height is measured. This suction height is then compared with suction
height of unmodified sample [7]. The measurement of surface resistance was carried
out by Teraohmeter at standard conditions. Modification gases the mixture of tetra
fluorocarbon and oxygen were used for their etching.
The following four modification processing procedures were arranged for mea-
surements:
1. enzymatic treatment of polyester,
2. plasma treatment of polyester,
3. Texazym conditioning with subsequent plasma treatment,
4. plasma treatment with subsequent Texazym conditioning.
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Unmodified Plazma Plazma + enzym
120
Sucking height [mm]
100
80
60
40
20
0
Unmodified Enzym Plasma Enzym+plasma Plasma+enzym
10
Surface resistance [10 ? ]
9
-8
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Unmodified Enzym Plasma Enzym+plasma Plasma+enzym
4 Conclusion
Our experiments showed that in comparison with the unmodified substrate the
colour strength at plasma–modified samples is not enhanced (Fig. 2). Measured
data of relative colour strength indicates that radicals on the surface are not of
hydroxyl origin.
Polyester hydrophility is increased by etching with mixture of oxygen and tetra
fluorocarbon. Surface resistance was significantly reduced from value 1014 Ω to
value 108 Ω. Increased hydrophility affected the moisture increase and therefore
the formation the surface electrostatic charge is reduced.
This research has been supported by the research program MSM 1M4531477201 of
the Technical University in Liberec (sponsored by the Ministry of Education, Youth and
Sports of the Czech Republic).
References