Architecture science

• From the psychology of dairy cow if the architectural

science of the farm design were not balanced, the milk
production will be reduced.
• Temperature
• From the dairy cow psychology we have understand the
heat will make them stress so that they decrease the daily
output (liters) of the milk.
• Heat generated by the livestock in the building warms the
air which rises, to be replaced by fresh air coming in at a
lower level through the eaves. Lack of air movement can be
tested on a still day by using smoke bits to track air
movement.
TIME ZONE
 Cows increase dry substance
intake
 Convert feed energy to heat
 Reduce milk production
 Turn away from wind/rain
 crowd together
 Cows dribble and breathe
heavily
 Reduce activity
 Reduce feed intake
 Reduce milk production
AIR CIRCULATION
 Light
• In dairy farm the direct light is many impact for provides more effective
milk per day.
• Translucent single skin roof lights are a good source of natural light
within a shed.
• Requirement is for 10–15% of the total roof area to be roof light,
possibly up to 20% on the north-facing side of a roof, or on the roof of
calf housing.
• A daily period of darkness (less than 30 lux) is essential to maintain
hormone balance in cattle.
• Lighting has many uses in housed cow facilities. It:
• encourages feed intake
• facilitates cow movement and avoids shadows that
interrupt cow flow
Noise
• The dairy livestock will be far from the urban
compounds that have more noise, because of from the
dairy cow psychology if they hear more noise they
would be stressed & depressed.
Building material
• Floor systems used in beef cattle houses can be broadly classified into two
main types:
• • Solid, imperforated floors that are laid directly on the ground.
• • Floors that are suspended above tanks or channels and which are
perforated to assist in the drainage of liquids and the passage of facial
material.
• Slatted floors
• Slatted floors are a means of removing the need for straw or other
bedding materials.
• The farces and urine are trodden through the slats into a tank below.
Slats can be covered with rubber to increase comfort.
Rubber flooring
• Rubber flooring is more comfortable for cattle than
slats. This is because:
• There is less mechanical force on their feet when they
are standing
• They are more confident when getting up or down
• There is increased thermal comfort when they are
lying down
• Types of bedding from woodchip & sand. For each
there is a plan of availability, absorbency, benefits,
storage and disposal, and any animal health or welfare
issues.
• Space boarding should not be used with a gap larger than
25mm, otherwise wind, rain will penetrate the cladding.
• Yorkshire boarding can be used on exposed sides of buildings
when driving rain causes a problem with wet bedding. The two
rows of vertical boards are placed offset on either side of the
purlins, with the inside boards positioned at the center of the
gaps between the outside boards. The maximum gap width
between the boards is 50mm.
• The eating surface should be as smooth as possible to:
• simplify licking clean
• resist wear and abrasion from acidic feeds
• Remove tongue scratch.
Environment
• At present, it is generally agreed that the basic requirements for good of livestock
are:
• 1. The provision of readily accessible fresh water and nutritionally adequate food as
required;
• 2. Adequate freedom of movement to express normal behavior;
• 3. Freedom from fear, distress, discomfort, pain, injury and disease;
• 4. Social contact with group mates;
• 5. Sufficient light;
• 6. Avoidance of unnecessary injury.
• A southern or southwestern exposure
is best because it insures the largest
amount of sunlight during cold weather.
• Moisture
• Moisture is produced by all livestock in their breath, urine, and
sweat.
• Excess moisture:
• Increases the risk of bacteria and virus survival
• Increases the risk of dirty water transmitting infection
• Increases the requirement for bedding
• Reduces environment temperatures
• Soil
• The soil of the dairy farm will be more fertile because if the soil
was more fertile, the dairy cow’s needs(feeds) will produce on
the site.
Urban context
• Drainage
• The wastage of the dairy cows will not release to the society or
neighborhood. So that we will make the store for some days of disposal
of dung and after some day it will remove from the site.
 Road
• There was the road by all direction but the road will be separated from
the public roads, like in the compound of the farm
• Vehicles should be able to move around the farm without needing to use
public roads.
Distance
• in laying out the building the following minimum spacing should be
maintained
o At least 10m between all buildings.
o 15m between the farmhouse and stables or sheds.
Important each other